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Variability of the Chemical Composition of the Atmospheric Aerosol in the Coastal Zone of the Southern Basin of Lake Baikal (East Siberia, Russia). ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13071090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
The role of the atmosphere in the formation of the chemical composition and quality of water in Lake Baikal and its tributaries has been increasing in recent years. In this regard, studies of the chemical composition of the constituents of the atmosphere have an important practical application. In 2020 and 2021, we studied the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol, one of the indicators of air pollution, in the atmosphere of the coastal zone of the southern basin of Lake Baikal compared to the data from previous years. The studies were carried out in the summer on the southwestern (Bolshiye Koty) and southeastern coast (Boyarsky). In the absence of smoke in the aerosol on the southwest coast, the concentrations of NH4+, NO3− and SO42− ions prevailed. The mean total concentration of ions at the Bolshiye Koty research station was 2.08 ± 1.26 μg/m3. The appearance of smog contributed to the growth of the total ionic concentration in the aerosol on the southwest coast to 6.4 μg/m3 in 2020 and to 17.6 μg/m3 in 2021. On the southeast coast, the minimum concentration of the total amount of ions was 3.3 μg/m3. The concentrations of Ca2+, Na+, K+, Cl−, and SO42− ions prevailed in the aerosol. Under the influence of smog, the total amount of ions increased to 34.1 μg/m3 in 2020 and to 18.6 μg/m3 in 2021. In periods of intense smoke, NH4+ and SO42− became the dominant ions in the aerosols at both stations. The contribution of NO3− ions increased. Although the effect of natural factors is periodic, they contribute significantly to the change in the chemical composition of atmospheric aerosol.
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Spatial Distribution of Aerosol Characteristics over the South Atlantic and Southern Ocean Using Multiyear (2004–2021) Measurements from Russian Antarctic Expeditions. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13030427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Since 2004, we have carried out yearly measurements of physicochemical aerosol characteristics onboard research vessels at Southern Hemisphere high latitudes (34–72° S; 45° W–110° E). In this work, we statistically generalize the results from multiyear (2004–2021) measurements in this area of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) of the atmosphere, concentrations of aerosol and equivalent black carbon (EBC), as well as the ionic composition of aerosol. A common regularity was that the aerosol characteristics decreased with increasing latitude up to the Antarctic coast, where the aerosol content corresponded to the global background level. Between Africa and Antarctica, AOD decreased from 0.07 to 0.024, the particle volume decreased from 5.5 to 0.55 µm3/cm3, EBC decreased from 68.1 to 17.4 ng/m3, and the summed ion concentration decreased from 24.5 to 2.5 µg/m3. Against the background of the common tendency of the latitude decrease in aerosol characteristics, we discerned a secondary maximum (AOD and ion concentrations) or a plateau (aerosol and EBC concentrations). The obtained spatial distribution of aerosol characteristics qualitatively agreed with the model-based MERRA-2 reanalysis data, but showed quantitative differences: the model AOD values were overestimated (by 0.015, on average); while the EBC concentrations were underestimated (by 21.7 ng/m3). An interesting feature was found in the aerosol spatial distribution in the region of Antarctic islands: at a distance of 300 km from the islands, the concentrations of EBC decreased on average by 29%, while the aerosol content increased by a factor of 2.5.
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Van Acker E, Huysman S, De Rijcke M, Asselman J, De Schamphelaere KAC, Vanhaecke L, Janssen CR. Phycotoxin-Enriched Sea Spray Aerosols: Methods, Mechanisms, and Human Exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:6184-6196. [PMID: 33843191 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c00995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To date, few studies have examined the role of sea spray aerosols (SSAs) in human exposure to harmful and beneficial marine compounds. Two groups of phycotoxins (brevetoxins and ovatoxins) have been reported to induce respiratory syndromes during harmful algal blooms. The aerosolization and coastal air concentrations of other common marine phycotoxins have, however, never been examined. This study provides the first (experimental) evidence and characterization of the aerosolization of okadaic acid (OA), homoyessotoxin, and dinophysistoxin-1 using seawater spiked with toxic algae combined with the realistic SSA production in a marine aerosol reference tank (MART). The potential for aerosolization of these phycotoxins was highlighted by their 78- to 1769-fold enrichment in SSAs relative to the subsurface water. To obtain and support these results, we first developed an analytical method for the determination of phycotoxin concentrations in SSAs, which showed good linearity (R2 > 0.99), recovery (85.3-101.8%), and precision (RSDs ≤ 17.2%). We also investigated natural phycotoxin air concentrations by means of in situ SSA sampling with concurrent aerosolization experiments using natural seawater in the MART. This approach allowed us to indirectly quantify the (harmless) magnitude of OA concentrations (0.6-51 pg m-3) in Belgium's coastal air. Overall, this study provides new insights into the enriched aerosolization of marine compounds and proposes a framework to assess their airborne exposure and effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Van Acker
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steve Huysman
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Campus Merelbeke, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Maarten De Rijcke
- Flanders Marine Institute (VLIZ), InnovOcean site, Wandelaarkaai 7, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Jana Asselman
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Campus Oostende, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
| | - Karel A C De Schamphelaere
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lynn Vanhaecke
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Campus Merelbeke, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
- Queen's University Belfast, School of Biological Sciences, Lisburn Road 97, BT7 1NN Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Janssen
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Department of Animal Sciences and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Blue Growth Research Lab, Ghent University, Campus Oostende, Wetenschapspark 1, 8400 Ostend, Belgium
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Affiliation(s)
- R. F. Lovett
- Institute of Offshore Engineering, Heriot- Watt University, Edinburgh. Present anliation Royal Naval School of Meteorology and Oceanography, Culdrose, Cornwall
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizuo Tsunogai
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Fisheries, Hokkaido University, Hakodate, Japan
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Bonsang B, Nguyen BC, Gaudry A, Lambert G. Sulfate enrichment in marine aerosols owing to biogenic gaseous sulfur compounds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jc085ic12p07410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Uematsu M, Duce RA, Prospero JM, Chen L, Merrill JT, McDonald RL. Transport of mineral aerosol from Asia Over the North Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic09p05343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gordon CM, Jones EC, Larson RE. The vertical distribution of particulate Na and Cl in a marine atmosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jc082i006p00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kedia S, Ramachandran S. Features of aerosol optical depths over the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea during premonsoon season: Variabilities and anthropogenic influence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ramachandran S. Spectral aerosol optical characteristics during the northeast monsoon over the Arabian Sea and the tropical Indian Ocean: 2. Ångström parameters and anthropogenic influence. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ramachandran S, Jayaraman A. Premonsoon aerosol mass loadings and size distributions over the Arabian Sea and the tropical Indian Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Ramachandran
- Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad India
| | - A. Jayaraman
- Space and Atmospheric Sciences Division Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad India
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Watson JG, Zhu T, Chow JC, Engelbrecht J, Fujita EM, Wilson WE. Receptor modeling application framework for particle source apportionment. CHEMOSPHERE 2002; 49:1093-1136. [PMID: 12492167 DOI: 10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Receptor models infer contributions from particulate matter (PM) source types using multivariate measurements of particle chemical and physical properties. Receptor models complement source models that estimate concentrations from emissions inventories and transport meteorology. Enrichment factor, chemical mass balance, multiple linear regression, eigenvector. edge detection, neural network, aerosol evolution, and aerosol equilibrium models have all been used to solve particulate air quality problems, and more than 500 citations of their theory and application document these uses. While elements, ions, and carbons were often used to apportion TSP, PM10, and PM2.5 among many source types, many of these components have been reduced in source emissions such that more complex measurements of carbon fractions, specific organic compounds, single particle characteristics, and isotopic abundances now need to be measured in source and receptor samples. Compliance monitoring networks are not usually designed to obtain data for the observables, locations, and time periods that allow receptor models to be applied. Measurements from existing networks can be used to form conceptual models that allow the needed monitoring network to be optimized. The framework for using receptor models to solve air quality problems consists of: (1) formulating a conceptual model; (2) identifying potential sources; (3) characterizing source emissions; (4) obtaining and analyzing ambient PM samples for major components and source markers; (5) confirming source types with multivariate receptor models; (6) quantifying source contributions with the chemical mass balance; (7) estimating profile changes and the limiting precursor gases for secondary aerosols; and (8) reconciling receptor modeling results with source models, emissions inventories, and receptor data analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- John G Watson
- Desert Research Institute, Division of Atmospheric Sciences, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA.
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Gong SL, Barrie LA, Blanchet JP. Modeling sea-salt aerosols in the atmosphere: 1. Model development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Erickson DJ, Merrill JT, Duce RA. Seasonal estimates of global atmospheric sea-salt distributions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id01p01067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Keene WC, Pszenny AAP, Galloway JN, Hawley ME. Sea-salt corrections and interpretation of constituent ratios in marine precipitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1986. [DOI: 10.1029/jd091id06p06647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Enrichment and transport of surfactants in marine aerosol formed during particular weather conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1985. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02558003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Prodi F, Santachiara G, Oliosi F. Characterization of aerosols in marine environments (Mediterranean, Red Sea, and Indian Ocean). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic15p10957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Várhelyi G, Gravenhorst G. Production rate of airborne sea-salt sulfur deduced from chemical analysis of marine aerosols and precipitation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1029/jc088ic11p06737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Andreae MO. Marine aerosol chemistry at Cape Grim, Tasmania, and Townsville, Queensland. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1029/jc087ic11p08875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Monahan EC, Davidson KL, Spiel DE. Whitecap aerosol productivity deduced from simulation tank measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1029/jc087ic11p08898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tsunogai S, Kondo T. Sporadic transport and deposition of continental aerosols to the Pacific Ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1029/jc087ic11p08870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Savoie DL, Prospero JM. Water-soluble potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the aerosols over the tropical North Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1980. [DOI: 10.1029/jc085ic01p00385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chemical components of aerosol particles in the lower troposphere above central europe measured under pure-air conditions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1976. [DOI: 10.1016/0004-6981(76)90139-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Fukuda K, Tsunogai S. Pb-210 in precipitation in Japan and its implication for the transport of continental aerosols across the ocean. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1975. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1975.tb01705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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