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Dong W, Fritts DC, Hickey MP, Liu AZ, Lund TS, Zhang S, Yan Y, Yang F. Modeling Studies of Gravity Wave Dynamics in Highly Structured Environments: Reflection, Trapping, Instability, Momentum Transport, Secondary Gravity Waves, and Induced Flow Responses. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:e2021JD035894. [PMID: 36249537 PMCID: PMC9542130 DOI: 10.1029/2021jd035894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A compressible numerical model is applied for three-dimensional (3-D) gravity wave (GW) packets undergoing momentum deposition, self-acceleration (SA), breaking, and secondary GW (SGW) generation in the presence of highly-structured environments enabling thermal and/or Doppler ducts, such as a mesospheric inversion layer (MIL), tidal wind (TW), or combination of MIL and TW. Simulations reveal that ducts can strongly modulate GW dynamics. Responses modeled here include reflection, trapping, suppressed transmission, strong local instabilities, reduced SGW generations, higher altitude SGW responses, and induced large-scale flows. Instabilities that arise in ducts experience strong dissipation after they emerge, while trapped smaller-amplitude and smaller-scale GWs can survive in ducts to much later times. Additionally, GW breaking and its associated dynamics enhance the local wind along the GW propagation direction in the ducts, and yield layering in the wind field. However, these dynamics do not yield significant heat transport in the ducts. The failure of GW breaking to induce stratified layers in the temperature field suggests that such heat transport might not be as strong as previously assumed or inferred from observations and theoretical assessments. The present numerical simulations confirm previous finding that MIL generation may not be caused by the breaking of a transient high-frequency GW packet alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Dong
- Global Atmospheric Technologies and Sciences (GATS)BoulderCOUSA
- Center for Space and Atmospheric Research (CSAR) and Department of Physical SciencesEmbry‐Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona BeachFLUSA
| | - David C. Fritts
- Global Atmospheric Technologies and Sciences (GATS)BoulderCOUSA
- Center for Space and Atmospheric Research (CSAR) and Department of Physical SciencesEmbry‐Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona BeachFLUSA
| | - Michael P. Hickey
- Center for Space and Atmospheric Research (CSAR) and Department of Physical SciencesEmbry‐Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona BeachFLUSA
| | - Alan Z. Liu
- Center for Space and Atmospheric Research (CSAR) and Department of Physical SciencesEmbry‐Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona BeachFLUSA
| | - Thomas S. Lund
- Global Atmospheric Technologies and Sciences (GATS)BoulderCOUSA
- IRISS Grand ChallengeUniversity of ColoradoBoulderCOUSA
| | - Shaodong Zhang
- School of Electronic InformationWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yanying Yan
- College of Data ScienceTaiyuan University of TechnologyTaiyuanChina
| | - Fan Yang
- Center for Space and Atmospheric Research (CSAR) and Department of Physical SciencesEmbry‐Riddle Aeronautical UniversityDaytona BeachFLUSA
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Global-mean Vertical Tracer Mixing in Planetary Atmospheres. I. Theory and Fast-rotating Planets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aada85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Fritts DC, Laughman B, Wang L, Lund TS, Collins RL. Gravity Wave Dynamics in a Mesospheric Inversion Layer: 1. Reflection, Trapping, and Instability Dynamics. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2018; 123:626-648. [PMID: 29576994 PMCID: PMC5856071 DOI: 10.1002/2017jd027440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
An anelastic numerical model is employed to explore the dynamics of gravity waves (GWs) encountering a mesosphere inversion layer (MIL) having a moderate static stability enhancement and a layer of weaker static stability above. Instabilities occur within the MIL when the GW amplitude approaches that required for GW breaking due to compression of the vertical wavelength accompanying the increasing static stability. Thus, MILs can cause large-amplitude GWs to yield instabilities and turbulence below the altitude where they would otherwise arise. Smaller-amplitude GWs encountering a MIL do not lead to instability and turbulence but do exhibit partial reflection and transmission, and the transmission is a smaller fraction of the incident GW when instabilities and turbulence arise within the MIL. Additionally, greater GW transmission occurs for weaker MILs and for GWs having larger vertical wavelengths relative to the MIL depth and for lower GW intrinsic frequencies. These results imply similar dynamics for inversions due to other sources, including the tropopause inversion layer, the high stability capping the polar summer mesopause, and lower frequency GWs or tides having sufficient amplitudes to yield significant variations in stability at large and small vertical scales. MILs also imply much stronger reflections and less coherent GW propagation in environments having significant fine structure in the stability and velocity fields than in environments that are smoothly varying.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Thomas S. Lund
- Colorado Research Associates DivisionNorthWest Research AssociatesBoulderCOUSA
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Roble RG. Energetics of the Mesosphere and Thermosphere. THE UPPER MESOSPHERE AND LOWER THERMOSPHERE: A REVIEW OF EXPERIMENT AND THEORY 2013. [DOI: 10.1029/gm087p0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Garcia RR. Dynamics, radiation, and photochemistry in the mesosphere: Implications for the formation of noctilucent clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id12p14605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Yan X, Arnold N, Remedios J. Global observations of gravity waves from High Resolution Dynamics Limb Sounder temperature measurements: A yearlong record of temperature amplitude and vertical wavelength. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fritts DC. Layering accompanying turbulence generation due to shear instability and gravity-wave breaking. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Insights into middle atmospheric hydrogen chemistry from analysis of MAHRSI OH observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/gm123p0117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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López-Puertas M, López-Valverde MÁ, Garcia RR, Roble RG. A review of CO2 and CO abundances in the middle atmosphere. ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE ACROSS THE STRATOPAUSE 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/gm123p0083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Siskind DE, Bacmeister JT, Summers ME. A new calculation of chemical eddy transport for several middle atmospheric tracers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gumbel J, Murtagh DP, Espy PJ, Witt G, Schmidlin FJ. Odd oxygen measurements during the Noctilucent Cloud 93 rocket campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98ja02155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Swaminathan PK, Strobel DF, Kupperman DG, Kumar CK, Acton L, DeMajistre R, Yee JH, Paxton L, Anderson DE, Strickland DJ, Duff JW. Nitric oxide abundance in the mesosphere/lower thermosphere region: Roles of solar soft X rays, suprathermal N(4S) atoms, and vertical transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97ja03249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chen L, London J, Brasseur G. Middle atmospheric ozone and temperature responses to solar irradiance variations over 27-day periods. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd02467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Siskind DE, Bacmeister JT, Summers ME, Russell JM. Two-dimensional model calculations of nitric oxide transport in the middle atmosphere and comparison with Halogen Occultation Experiment data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Summers ME, Siskind DE, Bacmeister JT, Conway RR, Zasadil SE, Strobel DF. Seasonal variation of middle atmospheric CH4and H2O with a new chemical-dynamical model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Nedoluha GE, Bevilacqua RM, Gomez RM, Waltman WB, Hicks BC, Thacker DL, Matthews WA. Measurements of water vapor in the middle atmosphere and implications for mesospheric transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fleming EL, Chandra S, Jackman CH, Considine DB, Douglass AR. The middle atmospheric response to short and long term solar UV variations: analysis of observations and 2D model results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(94)e0013-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Makhlouf UB, Picard RH, Winick JR. Photochemical-dynamical modeling of the measured response of airglow to gravity waves: 1. Basic model for OH airglow. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd03327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Siskind DE, Connor BJ, Eckman RS, Remsberg EE, Tsou JJ, Parrish A. An intercomparison of model ozone deficits in the upper stratosphere and mesosphere from two data sets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sugiyama T. Ion-recombination nucleation and growth of ice particles in noctilucent clouds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93ja02822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fukao S, Yamanaka MD, Ao N, Hocking WK, Sato T, Yamamoto M, Nakamura T, Tsuda T, Kato S. Seasonal variability of vertical eddy diffusivity in the middle atmosphere: 1. Three-year observations by the middle and upper atmosphere radar. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Siskind DE. On the radiative coupling between mesospheric and thermospheric nitric oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd01206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Inhester B, Klostermeyer J, Lübken FJ, von Zahn U. Evidence for ice clouds causing polar mesospheric summer echoes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zhu X, Summers ME, Strobel DF. Calculation of CO215-μm band atmospheric cooling rates by Curtis matrix interpolation of correlated-kcoefficients. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1029/92jd01311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Smith AK, Brasseur GP. Numerical simulation of the seasonal variation of mesospheric water vapor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd00226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Allen M, Delitsky ML. A test of odd-oxygen photochemistry using Spacelab 3 Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1029/91jd00230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Howell CD, Michelangeli DV, Allen M, Yung YL. SME observations of O2 (1 delta g) nightglow: an assessment of the chemical production mechanisms. PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE 1990; 38:529-537. [PMID: 11540936 DOI: 10.1016/0032-0633(90)90145-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Solar Mesosphere Explorer (SME) observations of the 3 a.m. 1.27 micrometers nightglow at 45 N latitude, averaged over the period 10-31 July 1984, are reported. From the deduced volume emission rates, we derive the O2(a1 delta g) night-time production rates for the 80-100 km altitude range. Utilizing the mean SME-acquired 3 p.m. ozone profile for the same latitude and time period and an updated photochemical model, we determine night-time O, O3, H, OH, HO2, and H2O2 profiles. These are used in calculating the rates of reactions which are sufficiently exothermic to produce O2(1 delta) or excited states of OH or HO2, which could transfer their energy to O2 to form O2(1 delta). Of these reactions, most have rates that are quite small compared with the observed night-time O2(1 delta) production rate. For several others, laboratory experiments have found O2(1 delta) yields which are insufficient for simulating the observed O2(1 delta). Using yields of O2(1 delta) based on published laboratory and observational studies, we find that the sum of two reaction sequences can approximate the SME measurements: (1) O+O+M and (2) H+O3 followed by OH*+O2.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Howell
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA
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Kopp E. Hydrogen constituents of the mesosphere inferred from positive ions: H2O, CH4, H2CO, H2O2, and HCN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id05p05613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bevilacqua RM, Strobel DF, Summers ME, Olivero JJ, Allen M. The seasonal variation of water vapor and ozone in the upper mesosphere: Implications for vertical transport and ozone photochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id01p00883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Summers ME, Strobel DF, Bevilacqua RM, Zhu X, DeLand MT, Allen M, Keating GM. A model study of the response of mesospheric ozone to short-term solar ultraviolet flux variations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id13p22523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Siskind DE, Barth CA, Cleary DD. The possible effect of solar soft X rays on thermospheric nitric oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/ja095ia04p04311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bevilacqua RM, Olivero JJ, Croskey CL. Mesospheric water vapor measurements from Penn State: Monthly mean observations (1984–1987). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id10p12807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Zommerfelds WC, Kunzi KF, Summers ME, Bevilacqua RM, Strobel DF, Allen M, Sawchuck WJ. Diurnal variations of mesospheric ozone obtained by ground-based microwave radiometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1989. [DOI: 10.1029/jd094id10p12819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Holton JR, Schoeberl MR. The role of gravity wave generated advection and diffusion in transport of tracers in the mesosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1988. [DOI: 10.1029/jd093id09p11075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bevilacqua RM, Wilson WJ, Schwartz PR. Measurements of mesospheric water vapor in 1984 and 1985: Results and implications for middle atmospheric transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1029/jd092id06p06679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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