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Columnar optical, microphysical and radiative properties of the 2022 Hunga Tonga volcanic ash plumes. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:2013-2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hirsch E, Koren I. Record-breaking aerosol levels explained by smoke injection into the stratosphere. Science 2021; 371:1269-1274. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abe1415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eitan Hirsch
- Environmental Sciences Division, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Nes-Ziona 7404801, Israel
| | - Ilan Koren
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Response of Surface Ultraviolet and Visible Radiation to Stratospheric SO2 Injections. ATMOSPHERE 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos9110432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Climate modification by stratospheric SO2 injections, to form sulfate aerosols, may alter the spectral and angular distributions of the solar ultraviolet and visible radiation that reach the Earth’s surface, with potential consequences to environmental photobiology and photochemistry. We used modeling results from the CESM1(WACCM) stratospheric aerosol geoengineering large ensemble (GLENS) project, following the RCP8.5 emission scenario, and one geoengineering experiment with SO2 injections in the stratosphere, designed to keep surface temperatures at 2020 levels. Zonally and monthly averaged vertical profiles of O3, SO2, and sulfate aerosols, at 30 N and 70 N, served as input into a radiative transfer model, to compute biologically active irradiances for DNA damage (iDNA), UV index (UVI), photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), and two key tropospheric photodissociation coefficients (jO1D for O3 + hν (λ < 330 nm) → O(1D) + O2; and jNO2 for NO2 + hν (λ < 420 nm) → O(3P) + NO). We show that the geoengineering scenario is accompanied by substantial reductions in UV radiation. For example, comparing March 2080 to March 2020, iDNA decreased by 25% to 29% in the subtropics (30 N) and by 26% to 33% in the polar regions (70 N); UVI decreased by 19% to 20% at 30 N and 23% to 26% at 70 N; and jO1D decreased by 22% to 24% at 30 N and 35% to 40% at 70 N, with comparable contributions from sulfate scattering and stratospheric O3 recovery. Different responses were found for processes that depend on longer UV and visible wavelengths, as these are minimally affected by ozone; PAR and jNO2 were only slightly lower (9–12%) at 30 N, but much lower at 70 N (35–40%). Similar reductions were estimated for other months (June, September, and December). Large increases in the PAR diffuse-direct ratio occurred in agreement with previous studies. Absorption by SO2 gas had a small (~1%) effect on jO1D, iDNA, and UVI, and no effect on jNO2 and PAR.
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Manion JA, Fittschen CM, Golden DM, Williams LR, Tolbert MA. Heterogeneous Reactions of Chlorine Nitrate and Dinitrogen Pentoxide on Sulfuric Acid Surfaces Representative of Global Stratospheric Aerosol Particles. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.199400039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Davies R. Increased transmission of ultraviolet radiation to the surface due to stratospheric scattering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd00408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Textor C, Graf HF, Timmreck C, Robock A. Emissions from volcanoes. ADVANCES IN GLOBAL CHANGE RESEARCH 2004. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4020-2167-1_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel J Rossi
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Institut des Sciences et Techniques de l'Environnement (ISTE), Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Savarino J, Bekki S, Cole-Dai J, Thiemens MH. Evidence from sulfate mass independent oxygen isotopic compositions of dramatic changes in atmospheric oxidation following massive volcanic eruptions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joël Savarino
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Géophysique de l'Environnement; Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS; St. Martin d'Hères France
| | - Slimane Bekki
- Service d'Aéronomie; Université Pierre et Marie Curie, CNRS; Paris France
| | - Jihong Cole-Dai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; South Dakota State University; Brookings South Dakota USA
| | - Mark H. Thiemens
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, San Diego; La Jolla California USA
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Gobbi GP. Parameterization of Stratospheric Aerosol Physical Properties on the Basis of Nd:YAG Lidar Observations. APPLIED OPTICS 1998; 37:4712-4720. [PMID: 18285928 DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.004712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
An extension to the 355- and 1064-nm wavelengths of a numerical optical model originally developed at 532 nm is presented. The resulting parameterization allows estimates of stratospheric aerosol surface area, volume, and extinction-to-backscatter ratio from lidar measurements obtained at one of the two Nd:YAG laser wavelengths. Functional relationships that link single-wavelength backscatter to each of the physical variables are provided for sulfate aerosol types ranging from background to heavy volcanic under environmental conditions representative of the global lower stratosphere. The behavior of the functional relationships at the three Nd:YAG wavelengths is compared. Relative errors of model estimates range between 10% and 50%, depending on wavelength and backscatter cross sections. These values are comparable with the ones that characterize in situ particle counters. The inference of particle effective radius and the application of the method to the interpretation of supercooled polar stratospheric cloud observations are discussed.
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Van Roozendael M, De Mazière M, Hermans C, Simon PC, Pommereau JP, Goutail F, Tie XX, Brasseur G, Granier C. Ground-based observations of stratospheric NO2at high and midlatitudes in Europe after the Mount Pinatubo eruption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd01098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Robinson GN, Worsnop DR, Jayne JT, Kolb CE, Davidovits P. Heterogeneous uptake of ClONO2and N2O5by sulfuric acid solutions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Rosenfield JE, Considine DB, Meade PE, Bacmeister JT, Jackman CH, Schoeberl MR. Stratospheric effects of Mount Pinatubo aerosol studied with a coupled two-dimensional model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Zhao X, Turco RP, Kao CYJ, Elliott S. Aerosol-induced chemical perturbations of stratospheric ozone: Three-dimensional simulations and analysis of mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Leu MT, Timonen RS, Keyser LF. Kinetics of the Heterogeneous Reaction HNO3(g) + NaBr(s) ↔ HBr(g) + NaNO3(s). J Phys Chem A 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/jp9626069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Taun Leu
- Earth and Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - Raimo S. Timonen
- Earth and Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
| | - Leon F. Keyser
- Earth and Space Sciences Division, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91109
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Callis LB, Natarajan M, Lambeth JD, Boughner RE. On the origin of midlatitude ozone changes: Data analysis and simulations for 1979-1993. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd03058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Lambert A, Grainger RG, Rodgers CD, Taylor FW, Mergenthaler JL, Kumer JB, Massie ST. Global evolution of the Mt. Pinatubo volcanic aerosols observed by the infrared limb-sounding instruments CLAES and ISAMS on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Huang TYW, Massie ST. Effect of volcanic particles on the O2and O3photolysis rates and their impact on ozone in the tropical stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Ansmann A, Wagner F, Wandinger U, Mattis I, Görsdorf U, Dier HD, Reichardt J. Pinatubo aerosol and stratospheric ozone reduction: Observations over central Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Caloz F, Fenter FF, Rossi MJ. Heterogeneous Kinetics of the Uptake of ClONO2 on NaCl and KBr. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1021/jp953099i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- François Caloz
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Frederick F. Fenter
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michel J. Rossi
- Laboratoire de Pollution Atmosphérique et Sol (LPAS), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Coffey MT. Observations of the impact of volcanic activity on stratospheric chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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22
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Solomon S, Portmann RW, Garcia RR, Thomason LW, Poole LR, McCormick MP. The role of aerosol variations in anthropogenic ozone depletion at northern midlatitudes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 285] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Kondratyev KY, Varotsos CA. Volcanic eruptions and global ozone dynamics. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 1995; 16:1887-1895. [DOI: 10.1080/01431169508954526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Ya. Kondratyev
- a Nansen International Environment and Remote Sensing Center, 18 Korpusnaya Street , St. Petersburg, 197042, Russia
| | - C. A. Varotsos
- b Department of Applied Physics, University of Athens, 33 Ippokratous Street , Athens, 106 80, Greece
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Gobbi GP. Lidar estimation of stratospheric aerosol properties: Surface, volume, and extinction to backscatter ratio. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd03106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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26
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Box MA. Changes in surface radiation caused by a scattering layer as calculated using radiative perturbation theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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27
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VAROTSOS CA, CRACKNELL AP. Remote sounding of minor constituents in the stratosphere and heterogeneous reactions of gases at solid interfaces. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF REMOTE SENSING 1994; 15:1525-1530. [DOI: 10.1080/01431169408954182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. A. VAROTSOS
- a Department of Applied Physics, University of Athens, 33 Ippokratous Street , 106 80, Athens, Greece
| | - A. P. CRACKNELL
- b Department of Applied Physics and Electronic and Manufacturing Engineering, University of Dundee , Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, U.K
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28
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Bekki S, Pyle JA. A two-dimensional modeling study of the volcanic eruption of Mount Pinatubo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Minschwaner K. High-resolution analysis of direct and scattered radiation in the stratosphere between 175 and 210 nm. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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Kinnison DE, Grant KE, Connell PS, Rotman DA, Wuebbles DJ. The chemical and radiative effects of the Mount Pinatubo eruption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd02318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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Grant WB, Browell EV, Fishman J, Brackett VG, Veiga RE, Nganga D, Minga A, Cros B, Butler CF, Fenn MA, Long CS, Stowe LL. Aerosol-associated changes in tropical stratospheric ozone following the eruption of Mount Pinatubo. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd03314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Tie X, Brasseur GP, Briegleb B, Granier C. Two-dimensional simulation of Pinatubo aerosol and its effect on stratospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd01488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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Morales JR, Dinator MI, Llona F, Romo-Kroeger C. Major components of aerosols emitted by the Lonquimay volcano, Chile. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02040674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Bekki S, Toumi R, Pyle JA. Role of sulphur photochemistry in tropical ozone changes after the eruption of Mount Pinatubo. Nature 1993; 362:331-333. [DOI: 10.1038/362331a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/1992] [Accepted: 02/10/1993] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Weisenstein DK, Ko MKW, Rodriguez JM, Sze ND. Effects on stratospheric ozone from high-speed civil transport: Sensitivity to stratospheric aerosol loading. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Vogelmann AM, Ackerman TP, Turco RP. Enhancements in biologically effective ultraviolet radiation following volcanic eruptions. Nature 1992; 359:47-9. [PMID: 1522884 DOI: 10.1038/359047a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aerosols injected into the stratosphere by large volcanic eruptions may induce ozone destruction through processes including heterogeneous chemical reactions. The effect of ozone reductions on surface ultraviolet irradiation is not obvious, however, because aerosols also increase the reflection of sunlight. Here we use a radiative transfer model to estimate the changes in biologically effective ultraviolet radiation (UV-BE) at the Earth's surface produced by the El Chichón (1982) and Mount Pinatubo (1991) eruptions. We find that in both cases surface UV-BE intensity can increase because the effect of ozone depletion outweighs the increased scattering.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Vogelmann
- Department of Meteorology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park 16802
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37
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38
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Verdecchia M, Visconti G, Pitari G. Radiative perturbation due to the eruption of El Chichón: Effects on ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(92)90074-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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39
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Michelangeli DV, Allen M, Yung YL, Shia RL, Crisp D, Eluszkiewicz J. Enhancement of atmospheric radiation by an aerosol layer. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH 1992; 97:865-74. [PMID: 11538387 DOI: 10.1029/91jd01308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The presence of a stratospheric haze layer may produce increases in both the actinic flux and the irradiance below this layer. Such haze layers result from the injection of aerosol-forming material into the stratosphere by volcanic eruptions. Simple heuristic arguments show that the increase in flux below the haze layer, relative to a clear sky case, is a consequence of "photon trapping." We explore the magnitude of these flux perturbations, as a function of aerosol properties and illumination conditions, with a new radiative transfer model that can accurately compute fluxes in an inhomogenous atmosphere with nonconservative scatterers having arbitrary phase function. One calculated consequence of the El Chichon volcanic eruption is an increase in the midday surface actinic flux at 20 degrees N latitude, summer, by as much as 45% at 2900 angstroms. This increase in flux in the UV-B wavelength range was caused entirely by aerosol scattering, without any reduction in the overhead ozone column.
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Affiliation(s)
- D V Michelangeli
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, USA
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40
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Yung YL, DeMore WB, Pinto JP. Isotopic exchange between carbon dioxide and ozone via O(1D) in the stratosphere. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 1991; 18:13-16. [PMID: 11538378 DOI: 10.1029/90gl02478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel mechanism for isotopic exchange between CO2 and O3 via O(1D) + CO2 --> CO3* followed by CO3* --> CO2 + O(3P). A one-dimensional model calculation shows that this mechanism can account for the enrichment in 18O in the stratospheric CO2 observed by Gamo et al. [1989], using the heavy O3 profile observed by Mauersberger [1981]. The implications of this mechanism for other stratospheric species and as a source of isotopically heavy CO2 in the troposphere are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Yung
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA
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41
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Arnold F, Bührke T, Qiu S. Evidence for stratospheric ozone-depleting heterogeneous chemistry on volcanic aerosols from El Chichón. Nature 1990. [DOI: 10.1038/348049a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Laj P, Drummey SM, Spencer MJ, Palais JM, Sigurdsson H. Depletion of H2O2 in a Greenland ice core: implications for oxidation of volcanic SO2. Nature 1990. [DOI: 10.1038/346045a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Allen M, Delitsky ML. Stratospheric NO, NO2, and N2O5: A comparison of model results with Spacelab 3 Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1029/jd095id09p14077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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