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Vertical Profiles of Atmospheric Species Concentrations and Nighttime Boundary Layer Structure in the Dry Season over an Urban Environment in Central Amazon Collected by an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle. ATMOSPHERE 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos11121371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Nighttime vertical profiles of ozone, PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter, carbon monoxide, temperature, and humidity were collected by a copter-type unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) over the city of Manaus, Brazil, in central Amazon during the dry season of 2018. The vertical profiles were analyzed to understand the structure of the urban nighttime boundary layer (NBL) and pollution within it. The ozone concentration, temperature, and humidity had an inflection between 225 and 350 m on most nights, representing the top of the urban NBL. The profile of carbon monoxide concentration correlated well with the local evening vehicular congestion of a modern transportation fleet, providing insight into the surface-atmosphere dynamics. In contrast, events of elevated PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations were not explained well by local urban emissions, but rather by back trajectories that intersected regional biomass burning. These results highlight the potential of the emerging technologies of sensor payloads on UAVs to provide new constraints and insights for understanding the pollution dynamics in nighttime boundary layers in urban regions.
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Crutzen PJ, Andreae MO. Biomass burning in the tropics: impact on atmospheric chemistry and biogeochemical cycles. Science 2010; 250:1669-78. [PMID: 17734705 DOI: 10.1126/science.250.4988.1669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Biomass burning is widespread, especially in the tropics. It serves to clear land for shifting cultivation, to convert forests to agricultural and pastoral lands, and to remove dry vegetation in order to promote agricultural productivity and the growth of higher yield grasses. Furthermore, much agricultural waste and fuel wood is being combusted, particularly in developing countries. Biomass containing 2 to 5 petagrams of carbon is burned annually (1 petagram = 10(15) grams), producing large amounts of trace gases and aerosol particles that play important roles in atmospheric chemistry and climate. Emissions of carbon monoxide and methane by biomass burning affect the oxidation efficiency of the atmosphere by reacting with hydroxyl radicals, and emissions of nitric oxide and hydrocarbons lead to high ozone concentrations in the tropics during the dry season. Large quantities of smoke particles are produced as well, and these can serve as cloud condensation nuclei. These particles may thus substantially influence cloud microphysical and optical properties, an effect that could have repercussions for the radiation budget and the hydrological cycle in the tropics. Widespread burning may also disturb biogeochemical cycles, especially that of nitrogen. About 50 percent of the nitrogen in the biomass fuel can be released as molecular nitrogen. This pyrdenitrification process causes a sizable loss of fixed nitrogen in tropical ecosystems, in the range of 10 to 20 teragrams per year (1 teragram = 10(12) grams).
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Ito A, Sudo K, Akimoto H, Sillman S, Penner JE. Global modeling analysis of tropospheric ozone and its radiative forcing from biomass burning emissions in the twentieth century. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Boian C, Kirchhoff VWJH. High carbon monoxide concentrations during the rainy season in Campo Grande, in central Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2006; 143:536-44. [PMID: 16446020 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2005.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2005] [Revised: 10/25/2005] [Accepted: 10/27/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
This work describes an event of unusually large mixing ratios of carbon monoxide, CO, observed during a typical rainy season time period in central Brazil, when concentrations are expected to be at low levels. CO measurements were performed in Campo Grande (20.02 degrees S; 54.5 degrees W), from July 2001 to October 2002, covering entire periods of the dry and wet seasons. From January to June, average CO was 131 parts per billion by volume (ppbv). During November/December, average CO is about 180 ppbv. On November 13, 521.9 and 565.6 ppbv were observed. It is shown that for this special event, in which there was practically no fire activity at or near the site, air parcels reaching the site were enriched with fire products from regions much further north, near the equatorial region, where the fire activity is delayed in time, compared to central Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Boian
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE), 12201-970 S. José dos Campos, S. Paulo, Brazil.
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ALESSIO GA, DE LILLIS M, FANELLI M, PINELLI P, LORETO F. Direct and indirect impacts of fire on isoprenoid emissions from Mediterranean vegetation. Funct Ecol 2004. [DOI: 10.1111/j.0269-8463.2004.00833.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Pochanart P. Carbon monoxide, regional-scale transport, and biomass burning in tropical continental Southeast Asia: Observations in rural Thailand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Tsutsumi Y. Vertical and latitudinal distributions of tropospheric ozone over the western Pacific: Case studies from the PACE aircraft missions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd001374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Peters W, Krol M, Dentener F, Lelieveld J. Identification of an El Niño-Southern Oscillation signal in a multiyear global simulation of tropospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Wild O, Prather MJ. Excitation of the primary tropospheric chemical mode in a global three-dimensional model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Balasubramanian R, Victor T, Begum R. Impact of biomass burning on rainwater acidity and composition in Singapore. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Logan JA. An analysis of ozonesonde data for the troposphere: Recommendations for testing 3-D models and development of a gridded climatology for tropospheric ozone. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 361] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Wang Y, Jacob DJ. Anthropogenic forcing on tropospheric ozone and OH since preindustrial times. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/1998jd100004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Novelli PC, Masarie KA, Lang PM. Distributions and recent changes of carbon monoxide in the lower troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/98jd01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 354] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kirchhoff VW. Increasing concentrations of CO and O3 rising deforestation rates and increasing troposheric carbon monoxide and ozone in Amazonia. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 1996; 3:210-212. [PMID: 24233418 DOI: 10.1007/bf02986961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Increasing carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations have been observed in the lower troposphere of the Brazilian Amazon region in recent years (1989-1995). Carbon monoxide and ozone have been measured in the region continuously; from observations at a single site and many sporadic field missions, there is a clear indication that the chemical activity in the troposphere is growing, with increasing concentrations especially during the dry season. On the other hand, the most recent deforestation assessment by the Brazilian Government, performed by the Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE) using Landsat data, shows yearly rates rising from the 11,130 km(2) year(-1) minimum of the 1990/91 survey, to 13,786 km(2) year(-1) for the 1991/92 period, and 14,896 km(2) year(-1) for the period 1992/94. It is argued that the increase in deforestation/biomass burning activities in "Amazonia" have produced larger carbon monoxide and ozone concentrations in the lower atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- V W Kirchhoff
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais, 12201-970 S. José dos Campos, INPE C.P.515, S. Paulo, Brazil
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Nganga D, Minga A, Cros B, Biona CB, Fishman J, Grant WB. The vertical distribution of ozone measured at Brazzaville, Congo during TRACE A. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kirchhoff VWJH, Alvalá PC. Overview of an aircraft expedition into the Brazilian cerrado for the observation of atmospheric trace gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Gregory GL, Fuelberg HE, Longmore SP, Anderson BE, Collins JE, Blake DR. Chemical characteristics of tropospheric air over the tropical South Atlantic Ocean: Relationship to trajectory history. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Kirchhoff VWJH, Alves JR, da Silva FR, Fishman J. Observations of ozone concentrations in the Brazilian cerrado during the TRACE A field expedition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd03030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Andreae MO, Anderson BE, Blake DR, Bradshaw JD, Collins JE, Gregory GL, Sachse GW, Shipham MC. Influence of plumes from biomass burning on atmospheric chemistry over the equatorial and tropical South Atlantic during CITE 3. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Anderson BE, Gregory GL, Barrick JDW, Collins JE, Sachse GW, Hudgins CH, Bradshaw JD, Sandholm ST. Factors influencing dry season ozone distributions over the tropical South Atlantic. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kirchhoff V, Nakamura Y, Marinho E, Mariano M. Excess ozone production in amazonia from large scale burnings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0021-9169(92)90098-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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