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Kumar R, Gaur S, Agarwal M, Menon B, Goel N, Mrigpuri P, Spalgais S, Priya A, Kumar K, Meena R, Sankararaman N, Verma A, Gupta V, Sonal, Prakash A, Safwan MA, Behera D, Singh A, Arora N, Prasad R, Padukudru M, Kant S, Janmeja A, Mohan A, Jain V, Nagendra Prasad K, Nagaraju K, Goyal M. Indian Guidelines for diagnosis of respiratory allergy. INDIAN JOURNAL OF ALLERGY, ASTHMA AND IMMUNOLOGY 2023. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-6691.367373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ganseman E, Gouwy M, Bullens DMA, Breynaert C, Schrijvers R, Proost P. Reported Cases and Diagnostics of Occupational Insect Allergy: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010086. [PMID: 36613529 PMCID: PMC9820383 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A significant part of adult-onset asthma is caused by occupational exposure to both high- and low-molecular-mass agents. Insects are occasionally described to cause occupational allergy in professions including anglers and fishers, laboratory workers, employees of aquaculture companies, farmers, bakers, sericulture workers and pet shop workers. Occupational insect allergies are often respiratory, causing asthma or rhinoconjunctivitis, but can be cutaneous as well. The European Union recently approved three insect species for human consumption, enabling an industry to develop where more employees could be exposed to insect products. This review overviews knowledge on occupational insect allergy risks and the tools used to diagnose employees. Despite the limited availability of commercial occupational insect allergy diagnostics, 60.9% of 164 included reports used skin prick tests and 63.4% of reports used specific IgE tests. In 21.9% of reports, a more elaborate diagnosis of occupational asthma was made by specific inhalation challenges or peak expiratory flow measurements at the workplace. In some work environments, 57% of employees were sensitized, and no less than 60% of employees reported work-related symptoms. Further development and optimization of specific diagnostics, together with strong primary prevention, may be vital to the health conditions of workers in the developing insect industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Ganseman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Mieke Gouwy
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dominique M. A. Bullens
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christine Breynaert
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department General Internal Medicine–Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Rik Schrijvers
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Research Group, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Department General Internal Medicine–Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Paul Proost
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Research Group Immunity and Inflammation, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-16-37-90-20
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Ndlovu V, Chimbari M, Ndarukwa P, Sibanda E. Sensitisation to Imbrasia belina (mopane worm) and other local allergens in rural Gwanda district of Zimbabwe. Allergy Asthma Clin Immunol 2022; 18:33. [PMID: 35397611 PMCID: PMC8994392 DOI: 10.1186/s13223-022-00668-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The prevalence of allergic diseases is increasing in Zimbabwe and the data relate to local as well as exotic allergen sources. As entomophagy, the practice of eating insects, is a recognised source of local allergens, we sought to measure the prevalence of and risk factors for sensitisation to Imbrasia belina (mopane worm), a popular edible insect. This was investigated alongside other locally relevant allergens in a rural community in Gwanda district, south of Zimbabwe. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted among 496 adults and children aged 10 years and above in Gwanda district, a mopane worm harvesting area in Zimbabwe. Data on individual characteristics and mopane worm exposure factors were collected using questionnaires. Sensitivity to allergens was assessed by performing skin prick tests at a local clinic using 10 different commercial allergen extracts (Stallergenes, France) and in-house extracts of mopane worm (Imbrasia belina) and mopane leaves (Colophospermum mopane). Data were analysed using Stata version 13 software. Results The prevalence of sensitisation to at least one allergen was 31.17% (n = 144). The prevalence of atopy was higher in adults (33.33%) than in children (23.53%) (p = 0.059). The commonest inhalant allergen sources were mopane worm (14.29%), Tyrophagus putrescentiae (14.29%), mopane leaves (13.42%), Alternaria alternata (6.49%) and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus (6.49%). Polysensitisation was demonstrated in the study population and of the 108 participants (75%) who were sensitised to two or more allergens, 66 (61%) were women. Sensitisation to mopane worm and mopane leaves often clustered with Tyrophagus putrescentiae amongst adults. Adjusted logistic regression analyses between mopane worm sensitisation and self-reported exposure variables showed that sensitisation was more likely amongst mopane worm harvesters (OR = 1.92, 95%CI = 0.77–4.79), those who cooked or roasted mopane worms during harvesting (OR = 2.69, 95%CI = 0.78–9.31) and harvesting without personal protective equipment (PPE) (OR = 2.12, 95%CI = 0.83–5.44) compared to non-harvesters. Conclusion Atopic sensitization was common in this mopane worm harvesting community in Gwanda district of Zimbabwe. There was frequent co-sensitisation of mopane worm and mopane leaves with Tyrophagus putrescentiae in children and adults. It is important to determine the clinical relevance of our findings, particularly relating to mopane worm sensitisation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13223-022-00668-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuyelwa Ndlovu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Department of Environmental Science and Health, Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Corner Gwanda Road and Cecil Avenue, PO Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
| | - Moses Chimbari
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Great Zimbabwe University , P.O Box 1235, Masvingo, Zimbabwe
| | - Pisirai Ndarukwa
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.,Department of Health Sciences and Faculty of Sciences, Bindura University of Science Education, P Bag 1020, Bindura, Zimbabwe
| | - Elopy Sibanda
- Asthma, Allergy and Immune Dysfunction Clinic, Twin Palms Medical Centre, 113 Kwame Nkrumah Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Pathology, Medical School, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
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Ndlovu V, Chimbari M, Sibanda E, Ndarukwa P. A feasibility study to assess Imbrasia belina (mopane worm) sensitisation and related respiratory health outcomes in a rural community in Gwanda district, Zimbabwe. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:55. [PMID: 33618775 PMCID: PMC7897729 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00780-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Allergic diseases are considered to be some of the fastest growing chronic conditions in Africa. Of concern is the paucity of knowledge about the local environment and its role in allergic disease development. In response to this, we explored whether Imbrasia belina, a popular indigenous edible insect commonly known as mopane worm, is a potential allergen of clinical and public health significance in Zimbabwe. This study was intended to assess the plausibility and feasibility of this hypothesis with a view to evaluate the insect’s health impact in a larger study. Methods The study participants included male and female villagers aged 10 years and above in Gwanda district, Zimbabwe. Eligible participants who completed the household questionnaire were referred to the local clinic for skin prick tests and to measure lung function and allergic airway inflammation. Allergen sensitisation patterns were evaluated using 10 different inhalant allergen extracts including an in-house preparation of mopane worm. Lung function was measured with a Koko Legend spirometer, and fractional exhaled nitric oxide levels (FeNO) (NIOX VERO) were measured in participants with at least one abnormal spirometric parameter. Data was analysed using Stata version 13 software. Results Of the 46 eligible participants that completed the household questionnaire, 17 went to the clinic giving a response rate of 37%. The majority who completed the questionnaire were adults (91%) and the children (9%) were all female. The prevalence of sensitisation to Imbrasia belina was 50%, and the prevalence ranged from 22 to 72% for the other allergens including cockroach, mosquito and house dust mites. The data collection tools were safe and well tolerated by participants with no adverse events reported. Self-reported respiratory symptoms, abnormal lung function and elevated FeNO were recorded amongst participants sensitised to mopane worm. Conclusion Pre-defined feasibility criteria were met with the exception of a lower than expected response rate for clinic data collection in this pilot study. For the main study, modifying the sampling strategy and applying more consistent community engagement will improve the response rates. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40814-021-00780-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuyelwa Ndlovu
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa. .,Department of Environmental Science and Health, Faculty of Applied Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Corner Gwanda Road and Cecil Avenue, PO Box AC 939, Ascot, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
| | - Moses Chimbari
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Elopy Sibanda
- Asthma, Allergy and Immune Dysfunction Clinic, Twin Palms Medical Centre, 113 Kwame Nkrumah Avenue, Harare, Zimbabwe.,Department of Pathology, Medical School, National University of Science and Technology, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe
| | - Pisirai Ndarukwa
- School of Nursing and Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Howard College Campus, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Bessa LW, Pieterse E, Sigge G, Hoffman LC. Insects as human food; from farm to fork. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:5017-5022. [PMID: 29288490 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the course of the last few years, the consumption of insects, known as entomophagy, has sparked increasing interest amongst scientists and environmentalists as a potential solution to the inevitable global food security and sustainability issues humans will be facing in the coming years. Despite the fact that insects have been an integral part of over 2 billion people's diet worldwide, the concept of eating insects is still new to Western culture. As a result, there are many unknowns regarding insects as a food source, and this has led to a number of studies and investigations being done in recent years to create more knowledge and awareness around this new concept in the food industry. This review discusses some of the key topics and new developments published over recent years, such as the nutritional benefits, food safety concerns, functional properties, potential product concepts and the current ideas and attitudes towards insects as a food source in Western culture. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Wilson Bessa
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Elsje Pieterse
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Stellenbosch, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Gunnar Sigge
- Department of Food Science, Stellenbosch University, Matieland, South Africa
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Pali‐Schöll I, Blank S, Verhoeckx K, Mueller RS, Janda J, Marti E, Seida AA, Rhyner C, DeBoer DJ, Jensen‐Jarolim E. EAACI position paper: Comparing insect hypersensitivity induced by bite, sting, inhalation or ingestion in human beings and animals. Allergy 2019; 74:874-887. [PMID: 30644576 DOI: 10.1111/all.13722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adverse reactions to insects occur in both human and veterinary patients. Systematic comparison may lead to improved recommendations for prevention and treatment in all species. In this position paper, we summarize the current knowledge on insect allergy induced via stings, bites, inhalation or ingestion, and compare reactions in companion animals to those in people. With few exceptions, the situation in human insect allergy is better documented than in animals. We focus on a review of recent literature and give overviews of the epidemiology and clinical signs. We discuss allergen sources and allergenic molecules to the extent described, and aspects of diagnosis, prophylaxis, management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Pali‐Schöll
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Simon Blank
- Center of Allergy and Environment (ZAUM) Member of the German Center of Lung Research (DZL) Technical University of Munich and Helmholtz Center Munich Munich Germany
| | - Kitty Verhoeckx
- Department of Dermatology/Allergology University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- TNO Zeist The Netherlands
| | - Ralf S. Mueller
- Centre for Clinical Veterinary Medicine Ludwig Maximilian University Munich Munich Germany
| | - Jozef Janda
- Faculty of Science Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Eliane Marti
- Department of Clinical Research and Veterinary Public Health Vetsuisse Faculty University of Berne Berne Switzerland
| | - Ahmed A. Seida
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Cairo University Cairo Egypt
| | - Claudio Rhyner
- Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF) Davos Switzerland
| | - Douglas J. DeBoer
- School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin Madison Wisconsin
| | - Erika Jensen‐Jarolim
- Comparative Medicine The Interuniversity Messerli Research Institute of the University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna Medical University of Vienna and University of Vienna Vienna Austria
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center of Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
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Ribeiro JC, Cunha LM, Sousa-Pinto B, Fonseca J. Allergic risks of consuming edible insects: A systematic review. Mol Nutr Food Res 2017; 62. [PMID: 28654197 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 06/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The expected future demand for food and animal-derived protein will require environment-friendly novel food sources with high nutritional value. Insects may be one of such novel food sources. However, there needs to be an assessment of the risks associated with their consumption, including allergic risks. Therefore, we performed a systematic review aiming to analyse current data available regarding the allergic risks of consuming insects. We reviewed all reported cases of food allergy to insects, and studied the possibility of cross-reactivity and co-sensitisation between edible insects, crustaceans and house dust mites. We analysed a total of 25 articles - eight assessing the cross-reactivity/co-sensitisation between edible insects, crustaceans and house dust mites; three characterizing allergens in edible insects and 14 case reports, describing case series or prevalence studies of food allergy caused by insects. Cross-reactivity/co-sensitisation between edible insects and crustaceans seems to be clinically relevant, while it is still unknown if co-sensitisation between house dust mites and edible insects can lead to a food allergy. Additionally, more information is also needed about the molecular mechanisms underlying food allergy to insects, although current data suggest that an important role is played by arthropod pan-allergens such as tropomyosin or arginine kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Ribeiro
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, DGAOT, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Luís Miguel Cunha
- LAQV/REQUIMTE, DGAOT, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal.,GreenUP/CITAB-UP, DGAOT, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Campus Agrário de Vairão, Vila do Conde, Portugal
| | - Bernardo Sousa-Pinto
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Laboratory of Immunology, Basic and Clinical Immunology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal
| | - João Fonseca
- MEDCIDS - Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Porto, Portugal.,Allergy Unit, CUF Porto Institute & Hospital, Porto, Portugal
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Fukutomi Y, Kawakami Y, Taniguchi M, Saito A, Fukuda A, Yasueda H, Nakazawa T, Hasegawa M, Nakamura H, Akiyama K. Allergenicity and cross-reactivity of booklice (Liposcelis bostrichophila): a common household insect pest in Japan. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2011; 157:339-48. [PMID: 22123223 DOI: 10.1159/000329853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2011] [Accepted: 05/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Booklice (Liposcelis bostrichophila) are a common household insect pest distributed worldwide. Particularly in Japan, they infest 'tatami' mats and are the most frequently detected insect among all detectable insects, present at a frequency of about 90% in dust samples. Although it has been hypothesized that they are an important indoor allergen, studies on their allergenicity have been limited. METHODS To clarify the allergenicity of booklice and the cross-reactivity of this insect allergen with allergens of other insects, patients sensitized to booklice were identified from 185 Japanese adults with allergic asthma using skin tests and IgE-ELISA. IgE-inhibition analysis, immunoblotting and immunoblotting-inhibition analysis were performed using sera from these patients. Allergenic proteins contributing to specific sensitization to booklice were identified by two-dimensional electrophoresis and two-dimensional immunoblotting. RESULTS The booklouse-specific IgE antibody was detected in sera from 41 patients (22% of studied patients). IgE inhibition analysis revealed that IgE reactivity to the booklouse allergen in the sera from one third of booklouse-sensitized patients was not inhibited by preincubation with extracts from any other environmental insects in this study. Immunoblotting identified a 26-kD protein from booklouse extract as the allergenic protein contributing to specific sensitization to booklice. The amino acid sequence of peptide fragments of this protein showed no homology to those of previously described allergenic proteins, indicating that this protein is a new allergen. CONCLUSIONS Sensitization to booklice was relatively common and specific sensitization to this insect not related to insect panallergy was indicated in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuma Fukutomi
- Clinical Research Center for Allergy and Rheumatology, Sagamihara National Hospital, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan.
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Hasan T, Mäkinen-Kiljunen S, Brummer-Korvenkontio H, Pajunen T, Reunala T. Occupational IgE-mediated allergy to a common house spider (Tegenaria domestica). Allergy 2005; 60:1455-7. [PMID: 16197485 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00924.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Hasan
- Department of Dermatology Tampere University Hospital PO Box 2000 FIN-33521 Tampere Finland
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Bousquet J, Warner JO. Allergy and Pediatric Allergy and Immunology are the official organs of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Allergy 2004; 59:1333-8. [PMID: 15507103 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00766.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Warner JO, Bousquet J. Allergy and Pediatric Allergy and Immunology are the official organs of the European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2004; 15:479-84. [PMID: 15610359 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3038.2004.00235.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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