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Sametoğlu S, Denissen JJA, De Clercq B, De Caluwé E. Towards a better understanding of adolescent obsessive-compulsive personality traits and obsessive-compulsive symptoms from growth trajectories of perfectionism. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1468-1476. [PMID: 33843532 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421000195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Although there is increasing attention for the interrelationship between obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), their shared characteristics in terms of childhood trait antecedents remain understudied. Perfectionism may be a viable candidate trait antecedent, given its role in the clinical manifestation of both OCPD and OCD in adulthood, and the evidence that perfectionism reflects a dispositional tendency observable from childhood onwards. However, little is known about childhood trajectories of perfectionism with prospective links to later OCPD versus OCD. Using latent growth curve modeling, this study explored the baseline and growth of childhood perfectionism in 485 community and referred children (55.5% girls, 7.17-14.78 years old, Mage = 10.74, SD = 1.50) across three waves. Adolescent OCPD traits and OCD symptoms were measured in Wave 4. An overall decreasing trend of perfectionism from childhood through adolescence appeared, without inter-individual differences in growth. Individual differences in baseline levels of childhood perfectionism were significant, and equally predicting adolescent OCPD and OCD outcomes. At a more specific level, childhood perfectionism predicted most strongly the rigid perfectionism component of OCPD, and the orderliness/cleanliness/perfectionism and obsession domain of OCD. This demonstrates the value of childhood perfectionism for understanding differential outcomes of adolescent OCPD traits and OCD symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selim Sametoğlu
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap J A Denissen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara De Clercq
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien De Caluwé
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
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Kaçar-Başaran S, Arkar H. Common vulnerability factors in obsessive-compulsive and major depressive disorders: a transdiagnostic hierarchical model. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02599-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Luo H, Xu X, Gao H, Zhang J, Zhang Z. Relationship of Anxiety and Depression with Perfectionism in Patients with Aesthetic All-Ceramic Repair of Anterior Teeth. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e931593. [PMID: 34718320 PMCID: PMC8565097 DOI: 10.12659/msm.931593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Many psychological problems arising from patients undergoing aesthetic repair of teeth should be considered. However, there are no published studies on the relationship between anxiety/depression and perfectionism in patients with aesthetic repair of anterior teeth. Material/Methods A total of 640 patients receiving aesthetic repair of anterior teeth were assessed using the Corah dental anxiety scale (CDAS), a self-rating anxiety scale (SAS), a self-rating depression scale (SDS), and the Chinese version of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Psychological Scale (CFMPS). Statistical analyses included use of the independent-samples t test, correlation analysis, and multiple stepwise regression analysis. Results We found that 156 patients with a high dental anxiety disorder had significantly greater SAS and SDS scores than those without a high dental anxiety disorder. There were significant differences between these patients and the non-high dental anxiety group, based on 3 dimensions of the CFMPS: concern over mistakes (CM), doubt about action (DA), and organization (OR). Patients with dental anxiety had a significant positive correlation with SAS in the categories CM and DA, with SDS in the categories CM and DA, and with personal standard (PS); OR was negatively correlated with SAS and SDS scores. Regression analysis showed that the CM and OR dimension scores of CFMPS and age had strong predictive effects on SAS scores, while CM, DA, PS dimension scores, and age were strong predictors of SDS scores. Conclusions The incidence of dental anxiety prior to anterior tooth repair treatment is high, and patients with dental anxiety have a significant tendency toward pursuing perfectionism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Xuefei Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hai Gao
- Department of Prosthodontics, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jibiao Zhang
- Department of Psychology, School of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China (mainland)
| | - Zhaoqiang Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Stomatological Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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A Randomised Controlled CBT Intervention for Maladaptive Perfectionism: Outcome and Predictors. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint2030022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maladaptive perfectionism has been associated with certain mental health problems. Moreover, studies suggest that the development of perfectionism can be attributed to childhood experiences and, more specifically, to parenting styles. (1) Background: The aims of the present study were first to examine the relationship of perfectionism to perceived parenting and current symptoms of depression and anxiety and, secondly, to study the effectiveness of a group CBT intervention program for high perfectionism; (2) Methods: Participants were 81 young Greek adults with relatively high scores in perfectionism. They were randomly allocated to two conditions: either the intervention group (IG; n = 40) or a non-active control group (CG; n = 41). The intervention group received a CBT intervention of 10 weekly sessions, while assessments were made in two time points for both groups; (3) Results: There was significant correlation of perfectionism with perceived parental indifference, abuse, and overcontrol as well as measures of anxiety and depression. Results showed significant decrease in perfectionism and other symptoms in the IG. Although perceived paternal indifference and abuse could predict perfectionism at pre-intervention, no pre-intervention variable could predict the perfectionism intervention outcome; (4) Conclusions: Overall, the study suggests that maladaptive perfectionism is associated with perceived negative parenting and current anxiety and depression and that a group CBT intervention can address specific dimensions of maladaptive perfectionism.
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Wheeler HA, Blankstein KR, Antony MM, McCabe RE, Bieling PJ. Perfectionism in Anxiety and Depression: Comparisons across Disorders, Relations with Symptom Severity, and Role of Comorbidity. Int J Cogn Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1521/ijct.2011.4.1.66] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Ha JH, Lee SM, Puig A. A Reliability Generalization Study of the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (F–MPS). Psychol Rep 2010; 107:95-112. [DOI: 10.2466/03.09.20.pr0.107.4.95-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Perfectionism has been identified as a common concern among clients who seek counseling services. For more than 20 years, the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (F–MPS) has been used extensively to measure the construct of individuals' perfectionism. The current study used reliability generalization to identify the average score reliability as well as variables explaining the variability of score reliability. Typical reliability across subscale scores ranged from .71 to .86 with the Doubt about Action subscale showing the least variability and the Organization subscale showing the most. In addition, sex, language, and standard deviation of the scale had statistically significant relations to reliability estimates.
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Carrera M, Herrán A, Ramírez ML, Ayestarán A, Sierra-Biddle D, Hoyuela F, Rodríguez-Cabo B, Vázquez-Barquero JL. Personality traits in early phases of panic disorder: implications on the presence of agoraphobia, clinical severity and short-term outcome. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 114:417-25. [PMID: 17087790 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the relations between personality traits using the Big Five model and presence of agoraphobia, clinical severity and short-term outcome in an unbiased clinical sample of never-treated panic disorder patients. METHOD Panic disorder (PD) patients (n = 103) in the first stages of their illness were evaluated using the Neuroticism-Extraversion-Openness Five Factor Inventory of Personality (NEO-FFI) and were compared with a sample of healthy subjects. Severity was assessed by the Panic Disorder Severity Scale and the Clinical Global Impression Scales. Patients were evaluated after 8 weeks of naturalistic pharmacologic treatment with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors. RESULTS Panic disorder patients show more neuroticism than healthy subjects. Patients suffering from agoraphobia are more introverted than controls. Extraversion, in addition to gender and distress, during panic attacks allows to correctly classifying 72% of the cases of agoraphobia. CONCLUSION Low scores in extraversion contribute to explain the presence of agoraphobia in panic disorder. Personality traits are neither related to clinical severity nor to short-term response to pharmacological treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Carrera
- Department of Psychiatry, Panic Disorder Unit, University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Marchesi C, Cantoni A, Fontò S, Giannelli MR, Maggini C. The effect of temperament and character on response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors in panic disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2006; 114:203-10. [PMID: 16889591 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2006.00772.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this prospective study, temperament and character were evaluated in patients with panic disorder (PD), before 1 year of medication therapy, to verify whether these factors influenced the outcome of treatment. METHOD Seventy-one PD patients were evaluated with the SCID-IV, the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), the SCL-90, the Ham-A and the Ham-D. Patients were treated with pharmacotherapy and were evaluated monthly over 1 year. RESULTS Before treatment, non-remitted patients showed higher levels of harm avoidance (HA) and lower levels of persistence (P), self-directedness (SD) and cooperativeness (C), whereas remitted patients showed only higher levels of HA. After controlling the effect of the confounding variables, the likelihood to achieve remission was positively related to SD score (OR = 1.12; P = 0.002), particularly 'self-acceptance' SD dimension (OR = 1.30; P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that in PD: i) the evaluation of personality, using the Cloninger's model, confirms the presence of personality pathology as one predictor of non-response to treatment; ii) in patients with low SD a combination of medication and cognitive-behaviour therapy should be the most effective treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Marchesi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychiatric Division, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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Marchesi C, Cantoni A, Fontò S, Giannelli MR, Maggini C. The effect of pharmacotherapy on personality disorders in panic disorder: a one year naturalistic study. J Affect Disord 2005; 89:189-94. [PMID: 16209891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2005.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2005] [Revised: 07/15/2005] [Accepted: 07/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this prospective study, Personality Disorders (PersD) were evaluated in patients with Panic Disorder (PD), before and after one year of pharmacotherapy to verify whether personality characteristics changed after treatment. METHOD Sixty PD patients and 60 sex and age-matched normal controls participated in the study. All subjects were evaluated with the SCID-IV, the Structured Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SIDP), the SCL-90, the Ham-A and the Ham-D. Patients were treated with paroxetine or citalopram and were evaluated monthly for one year to assess the remission of symptoms. The SIDP was re-administered to the patients at the end of the study. RESULTS Before treatment, PD patients showed a higher prevalence (60%) of PersD than normal subjects (8%). After treatment, PersD rate decreased (43%) due to the reduction of the rate of paranoid, avoidant and dependent PersD. When the effect of the treatment on personality traits was evaluated, we found that avoidant traits decreased only in remitted patients, paranoid traits decreased both in remitted and in non-remitted patients, and dependent traits decreased only in patients with major depression comorbidity. LIMITATIONS The small sample size and the short length of the follow-up period of our study suggest caution in the generalization of our results. CONCLUSIONS In our PD patients, an improvement of symptoms was associated with a reduction of paranoid, avoidant and dependent traits, with a normalization of paranoid traits and a persistence of avoidant and dependent characteristics. Therefore, our data suggest that in PD patients not only paranoid traits but also avoidant and dependent traits show, at least in part, a state phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Marchesi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Sezione di Psichiatria, Università di Parma, Strada del Quartiere 2, 43100 Parma, Italy
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Albert U, Maina G, Forner F, Bogetto F. DSM-IV obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: prevalence in patients with anxiety disorders and in healthy comparison subjects. Compr Psychiatry 2004; 45:325-32. [PMID: 15332194 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2004.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) has not yet been fully clarified. The aim of the present study was to analyze DSM-IV OCPD prevalence rates in OCD and panic disorder (PD) patients to test for the specificity of the OCPD-OCD link, and to compare them to OCPD prevalence in a control group of subjects without any psychiatric disorder. A total of 109 patients with a principal diagnosis of DSM-IV (SCID-I) OCD and 82 with PD were interviewed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Disorders (SCID-II) in order to assess the prevalence of OCPD. All patients with a coexisting axis I diagnosis were excluded from the study to eliminate confounding factors when evaluating the association between prevalence rates of OCPD and anxiety disorder diagnoses. An exclusion criteria was also a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score >/=16. A sample of comparison subjects (age 18 to 65 years) without any psychiatric disorder was recruited from people registered with two general practitioners (GPs), whether or not they consulted the doctor, in order to evaluate OCPD prevalence rate in the community. A significant difference was found between the prevalence of OCPD in OCD (22.9%) and in PD (17.1%) on one hand, and that in the comparison sample (3.0%) on the other. No differences were found between the two psychiatric groups, even when splitting the samples according to gender. Our study failed to support the hypothesis of a specific relationship between OCPD and OCD; we confirmed the higher prevalence rate of this personality disorder in OCD subjects with regard to the general population, but we also confirmed the higher rate of OCPD in another anxiety disorder which is phenomenologically well characterized and different from OCD, such as PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Albert
- Anxiety and Mood Disorders Unit, Department of Neurosciences, University of Turin, Italy
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Grilo CM, Skodol AE, Gunderson JG, Sanislow CA, Stout RL, Shea MT, Morey LC, Zanarini MC, Bender DS, Yen S, McGlashan TH. Longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of DSM-IV criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder: a 2-year prospective study. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004; 110:64-8. [PMID: 15180781 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.2004.00311.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the longitudinal diagnostic efficiency of the DSM-IV criteria for obsessive-compulsive personality disorder (OCPD). METHOD At baseline, criteria and diagnoses were determined using diagnostic interviews, and blinded assessments were performed 24 months later with 550 participants. Diagnostic efficiency indices (conditional probabilities, total predictive power, and kappa) were calculated for each criterion determined at baseline, using the independent OCPD diagnosis at follow-up as the standard. RESULTS Longitudinal diagnostic efficiencies for the OCPD criteria varied; findings suggested the overall predictive utility of 'preoccupied with details', 'rigid and stubborn', and 'reluctant to delegate'. CONCLUSION These findings suggest the predictive validity of three cognitive-interpersonal OCPD criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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Grilo CM. Factor structure of DSM-IV criteria for obsessive compulsive personality disorder in patients with binge eating disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2004; 109:64-9. [PMID: 14674960 DOI: 10.1046/j.0001-690x.2003.00223.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the factor structure of DSM-IV criteria for obsessive compulsive personality disorder (OCPD) in patients with binge eating disorder (BED). METHOD Two hundred and eleven consecutive out-patients with axis I diagnoses of BED were reliably assessed with semi-structured diagnostic interviews. The eight criteria for the OCPD diagnosis were examined with reliability and correlational analyses. Exploratory factor analysis was performed to identify potential components. RESULTS Cronbach's coefficient alpha for the OCPD criteria was 0.77. Principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation revealed a three-factor solution (rigidity, perfectionism, and miserliness), which accounted for 65% of variance. CONCLUSION The DSM-IV criteria for OCPD showed good internal consistency. Exploratory factor analysis, however, revealed three components that may reflect distinct interpersonal, intrapersonal (cognitive), and behavioral features.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
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