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Di Malta G, Cooper M, Bond J, Raymond-Barker B, Oza M, Pauli R. The Patient-Perceived Helpfulness of Measures Scale: Development and Validation of a Scale to Assess the Helpfulness of Using Measures in Psychological Treatment. Assessment 2024; 31:994-1010. [PMID: 37767908 PMCID: PMC11134981 DOI: 10.1177/10731911231195837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
In response to the increase in Routine Outcome Monitoring and Clinical Feedback, the Patient-Perceived Helpfulness of Measures Scale (ppHMS) was developed to assess the helpfulness-as perceived by patients-of using measures in psychological treatment. Study 1: The construct of patient-perceived helpfulness of measures was explored using thematic analysis with 15 patients. Six helpful and three unhelpful themes were identified and informed item development. Study 2: 28 items were formulated and rated by experts. Ten items were taken forward for psychometric shortening in a sample of 76 patients. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) led to an adequately fitting six-item model with excellent internal consistency, and convergence with the Delighted-Terrible single item of product satisfaction and a single item of measure helpfulness. Study 3: In a stratified online sample of 514 U.K. psychotherapy patients, a five-item model constituted the best fit. The final ppHMS had excellent internal consistency (McDonald's ω = .90), convergent validity with psychotherapy satisfaction (r = .5; p < .001), divergence from social desirability (r = .1), and metric and scalar invariance across measures. Study 4: Analyses were replicated and confirmed in a stratified U.S. sample (n = 602). The ppHMS is a reliable and valid scale that can be used to assess and compare patients' perceptions of the helpfulness of different measures as part of their psychological treatment.
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Bianchi V, Greenaway KH, Moeck EK, Slepian ML, Kalokerinos EK. Secrecy in Everyday Life. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2024:1461672241226560. [PMID: 38323598 DOI: 10.1177/01461672241226560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
Secrecy is common, yet we know little about how it plays out in daily life. Most existing research on secrecy is based on methods involving retrospection over long periods of time, failing to capture secrecy "in the wild." Filling this gap, we conducted two studies using intensive longitudinal designs to present the first picture of secrecy in everyday life. We investigated momentary contextual factors and individual differences as predictors of mind-wandering to and concealing secrets. Contextual factors more consistently predicted secrecy experiences than person-level factors. Feeling more negative about a secret predicted a greater likelihood of mind-wandering to the secret. Interacting with the secret target was linked with a greater likelihood of secret concealment. Individual differences were not consistently associated with mind-wandering to secrets. We conclude that daily experiences with secrets may be better predicted by momentary feelings rather than individual differences such as personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ella K Moeck
- The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Srisarajivakul EN, McPhee K, Choe EJY, Rice KG, Varjas K, Meyers J, Davis DE, Graybill E. The Cultural Humility Scale for Students: Development and initial validation among adolescents. J Sch Psychol 2023; 99:101224. [PMID: 37507192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2023.101224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Designed for middle and high school students to rate the cultural humility levels among their teachers, this two-study article reports on the development and initial validation of the Cultural Humility Scale for Students (CHS-S), which was adapted from the original Cultural Humility Scale used in psychotherapy. Having cultural humility may facilitate positive teacher-student relationships by preventing or responding to cultural differences when they occur. Study 1 validated the scale's use with a sample of middle school students (N = 1522). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor structure (positive factor and negative factor) with 11 total items. Scalar measurement invariance was supported for gender comparisons. Partial scalar models were supported for race/ethnicity and grade comparisons. Compared with boys, girls reported that their teachers displayed significantly higher levels of positive cultural humility (estimate = 0.19, Cohen's d = 0.16, p = .005). Study 2 extended this work to examine high school students (N = 1612) and provided evidence that teacher cultural humility was predictive of teacher-student relationship quality (TSRQ). Results indicated that Black students who rated their teachers as having high cultural humility also reported having significantly more trust in their teachers compared to their White peers (p < .001). In terms of gender, boys who rated their teachers as having lower cultural humility had significantly less trust in their teachers and felt more alienated from their teachers compared to girls (p < .001). Results provide initial evidence that the CHS-S may be a reliable and valid instrument for measuring middle and high school students' perceptions regarding their teachers' cultural humility. Additionally, results suggest that perceived teacher cultural humility is significantly associated with TSRQ (p-values ranged from 0.05 to 0.001 in the areas of Trust, Communication, and Alienation) and could be used to complement evaluations of school climate. Limitations and future directions for research and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily N Srisarajivakul
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, United States of America.
| | - Kate McPhee
- American Institutes for Research, Arlington, VA, United States of America.
| | - Elise Ji Young Choe
- The Albert & Jessie Danielsen Institute, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Kenneth G Rice
- College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | - Kris Varjas
- College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | - Joel Meyers
- College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | - Don E Davis
- College of Education and Human Development, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
| | - Emily Graybill
- School of Public Health, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America.
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Chen J, Duan J, Wang T, Li S, Yu B. Donate for your Secrets: Relationship between Secrecy, Guilt and Donation Behavior. Psychol Rep 2023:332941231156817. [PMID: 36758218 DOI: 10.1177/00332941231156817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has well documented the negative sides of secrecy, ignoring its potential constructive aspects. Based on the concept of compensatory behavior, this study conducted two experiments with 532 adults to explore the mediating role of felt guilt between secrecy and donation, and the moderating role of moral identity. Study 1 (N = 272) showed that felt guilt mediated the relationship between secrecy and donation behaviors. Study 2 (N = 260) validated the mediation effect of Study 1 and further indicated that the mediated path was stronger for participants with higher moral identity. Specifically, participants with higher moral identity felt more guilty and donated more after secrecy than those with lower moral identity. The results of this study not only expand the constructive consequences of secrecy but also add more ways to appeal for donations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Mental Development and Learning Science, School of Psychology, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumchi, China
| | - Jinyun Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingxi Wang
- International Business School Suzhou, Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Suzhou, China
| | - Sixian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Psychological Crisis Intervention, Affiliated Mental Health Center (ECNU), School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Boming Yu
- School of Business, 12434Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
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Hogge I, Kim J, Kim E. The Burden of Keeping Things to Yourself: Self-Concealment and Suicidality. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2022.2150144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Hogge
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Counseling, Administration, Supervision, and Adult Learning, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Eunha Kim
- Department of Psychology, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
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Associations between pathological eating, relational attitudes and satisfaction in romantic relationships. Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:1385-1393. [PMID: 34342845 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01283-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Women with disordered eating report low satisfaction from romantic relationships. We wished to examine whether this may be explained in part by a restricted or inflated sense of relational entitlement, pathological concern and low authenticity levels. METHOD A community sample of 170 women aged 18-60 (M = 24.89 + 6.22), who had experienced a meaningful romantic relationship, completed questionnaires online. These included measures of disordered eating (EDE-Q), sense of relational entitlement (SRE-R), pathological concern (PCQ), relational authenticity (AIRS) and basic relational needs satisfaction (BNSRS). Structural equation model (SEM) was employed to assess the mediating effect of the SRE-R, PCQ and AIRS on the association between ED symptoms and BNSRS. RESULTS Participants with high EDE-Q scores tended to score high on inflated and restricted SRE-R, PCQ, AIRS and BNSRS. SRE-R, PCQ and AIRS scores mediated the negative association between EDE-Q and BNSRS scores. CONCLUSIONS An imbalanced sense of relational entitlement, pathological concern and inauthenticity seem to underlie the dissatisfaction that women with disordered eating experience from romantic relationships. Since these relational characteristics seem to take a high toll on the intimate relationships, it is important to encourage healthy eating attitudes and assertiveness within romantic relationships, in life and in therapy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Yang N, Jankauskaite G, Gerstenblith JA, Hillman JW, Wang RJ, Le TP, Hill CE. Counseling psychology doctoral students’ experiences of authenticity: a collaborative autoethnography. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070.2022.2063260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NaYeon Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | | | | | - Justin W. Hillman
- Department of Counselin, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ruogu J. Wang
- Department of Counselin, Higher Education, and Special Education, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Thomas P. Le
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Clara E. Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Rossman SM, Lerner RE, Córdova JV. Disentangling acceptance: Direct and indirect effects of partner acceptance on felt acceptance and relationship satisfaction. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2022; 36:378-384. [PMID: 34197160 PMCID: PMC8720111 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Acceptance in intimate relationships predicts relationship satisfaction, as well as positive treatment outcomes in some couple interventions. However, little research has attempted to disentangle the dyadic effects of husbands' and wives' partner acceptance (i.e., acceptance of one's partner) and felt acceptance (i.e., felt sense of being accepted by one's partner) on relationship satisfaction. This study utilized a modified actor-partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) to examine whether the associations between acceptance of one's partner and each partner's relationship satisfaction are mediated by each partner's felt acceptance. We analyzed baseline self-report data from 209 heterosexual married couples who participated in a brief marital intervention in the United States. The final model supported the prediction that a person's acceptance of their partner would relate to their partner's relationship satisfaction through their partner's felt acceptance (i.e., an "accuracy effect") and to their own relationship satisfaction through their own felt acceptance (i.e., a "projection effect"). In all, the study demonstrates the utility of examining partner acceptance and felt acceptance as distinct, but related, constructs. Researchers and clinicians working with couples may consider conceptualizing, assessing, and even targeting partners and felt acceptance separately. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Huber C, Germar M, Mojzisch A. Authenticity Occurs More Often Than Inauthenticity in Everyday Life. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Researchers have assumed that people generally strive toward authenticity, yet have also argued that authenticity may often be impeded by social constraints. Against this backdrop, it is unclear whether people feel authentic or inauthentic more often in everyday life. To address this question, we examined the retrospective frequency of these feelings. As researchers have conceptualized authenticity and inauthenticity in various ways, we also tested for generalization of the results across different conceptualizations. Our results indicate that authenticity occurs more often than inauthenticity in everyday life. While the results largely generalized across different conceptualizations of authenticity and inauthenticity, there was nonetheless some variation. Future research, therefore, should take different conceptualizations of authenticity and inauthenticity more into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Huber
- Department of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Germany
| | - Markus Germar
- Department of Psychology, University of Hildesheim, Germany
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Exploring the Reciprocal Relationships between Happiness and Life Satisfaction of Working Adults-Evidence from Abu Dhabi. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19063575. [PMID: 35329261 PMCID: PMC8955857 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19063575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This paper examines the relationships between a range of well-being factors and two commonly used subjective well-being measures-happiness and life satisfaction. Data from the second cycle of the Quality of Life (QoL) Survey in Abu Dhabi were used, which included 32,087 working adults. The well-being factors included in the analysis covered various aspects of life themes: income and jobs, work-home balance, health and physical activities, social and community services, living environment, and family/friends' relationships and connections. Using standardized data, path analysis yielded an optimal path model that suggested the presence of a reciprocal relationship between happiness and life satisfaction. In addition, the final model suggested that four variables-job satisfaction, mental health, satisfaction with relationships with people, and the size of the social support network-had direct effects on happiness and life satisfaction. The model also identified three variables-satisfaction with family life, mental health, and job satisfaction-to have the most significant effect on happiness.
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Tolmacz R, Lev-Ari L, Bachner-Melman R. Refining the Assessment of Entitlement in Romantic Relationships: The Sense of Relational Entitlement Scale-Revised (SRE-R). Front Psychol 2021; 12:744618. [PMID: 34646221 PMCID: PMC8503512 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.744618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: A subjective sense of entitlement is strongly evoked in the context of romantic relationships. A pathological sense of entitlement results from believing a partner should fulfill all one’s needs and wishes (inflated) or that the expression of genuine needs is illegitimate (restricted). This study aimed to validate a revised, improved version of the Sense of Relational Entitlement scale entitled the Sense of Relational Entitlement scale—Revised (SRE-R). We hypothesized it would have good factor structure and convergent validity, and that attachment dimensions and relationship indices would predict both inflated and restricted subscales. Method: The SRE-R was completed by 854 Israeli adults (8.3% males) aged 31.94 ± 8.02. A subset (n = 629) also completed measures of attachment (ECR-S) and 447 completed measures of relational authenticity, pathological concern, and relational obsessions and compulsions. Results: CFA confirmed two factors, inflated and restricted sense of relational entitlement. Relational obsessive-compulsive symptoms and pathological concern predicted an inflated sense of entitlement, and attachment avoidance, pathological concern, and authenticity in relationships predicted a restricted sense of entitlement. Discussion: The SRE-R is a valid and useful tool to assess sense of entitlement in romantic relationships and should be examined in diverse samples and cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rami Tolmacz
- Interdisciplinary Center Herzliya, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Lilac Lev-Ari
- Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.,The Lior Tsfaty Center for Suicide and Mental Pain Studies, Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel
| | - Rachel Bachner-Melman
- Ruppin Academic Center, Emek Hefer, Israel.,Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
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Xavier RN, Meyer SB. CONSCIÊNCIA, CORAGEM E AMOR: ANÁLISE BEHAVIORISTA DE OBJETIVOS DA PSICOTERAPIA ANALÍTICA FUNCIONAL. PSICOLOGIA EM ESTUDO 2021. [DOI: 10.4025/psicolestud.v26i0.47074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A Psicoterapia Analítica Funcional é uma abordagem clínica baseada em uma análise funcional comportamental do ambiente terapêutico típico. Seus objetivos e técnicas terapêuticas podem ser descritos em diferentes termos, privilegiando ou não a linguagem utilizada na análise experimental do comportamento. Na formulação original, é destinada a diminuir a frequência de comportamentos clinicamente relevantes (CCRs) problemáticos e aumentar a dos de progresso e de interpretação pela técnica das cinco regras: observar CCRs, evocar CCRs, reforçar CCRs, observar os efeitos da intervenção e implementar a generalização. Sob a influência da Ciência Contextual Comportamental, estes mesmos elementos passaram a ser descritos com o rótulo de ‘Modelo Consciência, Coragem e Amor’ (ACL, do inglês Awareness, Courage and Love). O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar se a linguagem da nova proposição era compatível com a usada por B. F. Skinner. O método foi uma revisão destes termos, ou seus sinônimos, em importantes livros da obra de B. F. Skinner, notadamente uma literatura caracterizada por sua derivação dos achados de laboratório em pesquisas sobre o comportamento operante. Os livros consultados foram Ciência e comportamento humano, Sobre o behaviorismo, O comportamento verbal, Walden II e Questões recentes na análise comportamental. A revisão permitiu concluir que os termos consciência, coragem e amor já haviam sido explorados na literatura skinneriana, oferecendo análises funcionais e mostrando que seu uso é compatível com o sistema comportamental.
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A Path Analytic Model Exploration of Determinants of Happiness of Older Adults in Abu Dhabi. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09463-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe objective of the study was to identify the factors associated with the subjective well-being of older adults in Abu Dhabi when happiness is taken as the dependent variable. In the present research, a framework based on theoretical models was developed in which older adult’s happiness was seen in a synergistic relationship and was associated with many other variables related to various domains in the social system. The sample consisted of 1,004 older adults aged 60 and above, who participated in the First Abu Dhabi General Social Survey administered in 2018. Many subjective well-being variables were considered. Path analysis was used to develop a model that incorporated the five following variables directly affecting the happiness of older adults: housing satisfaction, satisfaction with family life, satisfaction with friendships, life satisfaction, satisfaction with surrounding environment, and some psychological feelings. The study highlighted all direct and indirect associations. Further analysis of variance revealed the associations of gender, marital status, and education attainment. Implications of the study were highlighted along with future research directions.
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Liu J(J, Dalton AN, Lee J. The "Self" under COVID-19: Social role disruptions, self-authenticity and present-focused coping. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256939. [PMID: 34478454 PMCID: PMC8415594 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Social role disruption is a state involving upheaval of social identities, routines and responsibilities. Such disruption is presently occurring at a global scale due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which poses a threat not only to health and security but also to the social roles that underlie people’s daily lives. Our collective response to combat the virus entails, for example, parents homeschooling children, friends socializing online, and employees working from home. While these collective efforts serve the greater good, people’s social roles now lack continuity from what was authentic to the roles before the pandemic began. This, we argue, takes a psychological toll. Individuals feel inauthentic, or alienated and out-of-touch from their “true” selves, to the extent their social roles undergo change. As evidence, we report survey (Studies 1 & 4) and experimental (Studies 2 & 3) evidence that COVID-19-related role changes indeed increase inauthenticity. This effect occurs independent of (a) how positively/negatively people feel about COVID-19 (Study 2) and (b) how positively/negatively people feel about the role change itself (Studies 3 & 4). Moreover, we identify two moderators of this effect. First, this effect occurs when (and ostensibly because) the social roles undergoing change are central to an individual’s sense of self (Study 2). Second, this effect depends on an individual’s temporal perspective. People can safeguard their self-authenticity in the face of changing social roles if they stay focused on the here-and-now (the present and immediate future), rather than focusing on the past (pre-COVID-19) or future (post-COVID-19) (Studies 3 & 4). This advantage for present-focused coping is observed in both the U.S.A. (Study 3) and Hong Kong (Study 4). We suggest that the reason people feel more authentically themselves when they maintain a present focus is because doing so makes the discontinuity of their social roles less salient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingshi (Joyce) Liu
- Faculty of Management, Bayes Business School (formerly Cass), City, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Amy N. Dalton
- Marketing Department, School of Business and Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jeremy Lee
- Marketing Department, School of Business and Management, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- * E-mail:
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Hopwood CJ, Good EW, Levendosky AA, Zimmermann J, Dumat D, Finkel EJ, Eastwick PE, Bleidorn W. Realness is a core feature of authenticity. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2021.104086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Davis CG, Brazeau H. Factors promoting greater preoccupation with a secret. BRITISH JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 60:1419-1435. [PMID: 34014570 DOI: 10.1111/bjso.12462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The secrets that are most taxing to one's health and well-being are those that are the most preoccupying to the secret-keeper. However, it is currently unclear what makes a secret preoccupying. We conducted a four-wave longitudinal study to assess four factors that should contribute to one's degree of preoccupation with a secret kept from one's spouse/romantic partner: perceived cost of revealing the secret, frequency of cues, fear of discovery, and individual differences in self-concealment. Multilevel modelling of data from an online sample of 143 adults (51% women, 49% men; Mage = 39.9, SD = 9.3) keeping a secret from their spouse/partner indicated that all four factors independently and positively predict greater preoccupation with a secret. Further, the first three factors also significantly predicted how preoccupied one would be with one's secret two weeks later, taking into account how preoccupied one was with the secret at present. We conclude that the characteristics of the secret, as well as the secret-keeper, can contribute to how preoccupying a secret is to an individual.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hannah Brazeau
- Department of Psychology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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De Zoysa P, Kumar S, Amarasuriya SD, Mendis NSR. Being yourself: An assessment of authenticity in undergraduates of a University in Sri Lanka. ASIA PACIFIC JOURNAL OF COUNSELLING AND PSYCHOTHERAPY 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/21507686.2021.1924810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Piyanjali De Zoysa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - Shamala Kumar
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Business Management, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka
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18
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Nartova-Bochaver S, Reznichenko S, Maltby J. The Authenticity Scale: Validation in Russian Culture. Front Psychol 2021; 11:609617. [PMID: 33519621 PMCID: PMC7838489 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.609617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The correlational study is aimed at validating the Authenticity Scale in Russian culture. Authenticity is considered a trait responsible for a person's ability to be oneself. It helps people resist environment pressure and prevent self-alienation, which contributes to maintaining psychological wellbeing. The original Authenticity Scale includes three subscales: Authentic Living, Accepting External Influence, and Self-Alienation. In total, 2,188 respondents (M age = 26.30, SD age = 13.81; 78.1% female) participated in the survey. The dimensionality of the Authenticity Scale and its measurement invariance across sex, age, and depression rate subgroups was examined with exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses; the original tripartite structure was kept. Convergent validity was tested through correlation analyses with the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short-Form, the Centre of Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. According to the CFA results, the structure of the Russian version differs from the original one slightly (item 1 was moved from the subscale Authentic Living to the subscale Accepting External Influence and item 4 was excluded); however, the modified factor model showed the best absolute and comparative fit statistics [CFI = 0.961, TLI = 0.949, RMSEA = 0.050 (90% CI [0.40; 0.60]) and SRMR = 0.037]. The reliability (McDonald's Omega) of the Authenticity Scale subscales was satisfactory and ranged from 0.78 to 0.84. It was revealed that youth are more likely to have high scores on Accepting External Influence and Self-Alienation than adults. Men and women did not significantly differ on the sub-scores of Authenticity Scale. Multigroup CFA also showed that Authenticity Scale scores may be biased in people with high levels of clinical depression, in terms of the item intercepts. Authentic Living is positively connected with mental wellbeing, self-esteem, positive affect, satisfaction with life, and negatively with depressive symptoms and negative affect; reverse trends were found for Accepting External Influence and Self-Alienation subscales. The Russian version of the Authenticity Scale is a valid, reliable tool that may be recommended for use in various areas of non-clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofya Nartova-Bochaver
- School of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sofia Reznichenko
- School of Psychology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
| | - John Maltby
- College of Medicine, Biological Sciences and Psychology, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
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Ostermeier K, Medina-Craven MN, Camp KM, Davis SE. Can I Be Me With You at Work? Examining Relational Authenticity and Discretionary Behaviors in the Workplace. JOURNAL OF APPLIED BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/0021886320976627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Management scholars have long been interested in the topic of authenticity in the workplace, evidenced by the history of scholarship on authentic leadership and the many new authenticity constructs that have emerged. In this article, we take a narrower view of authenticity and focus on relational authenticity in the workplace, which we define as being genuine in workplace relationships. Adapting a validated relational authenticity scale to the organizational context, we explore the ways in which feeling authentic in workplace relationships has ramifications for discretionary behaviors. Specifically, we build on belongingness theory to posit that relational authenticity will result in an increase in engagement in both altruistic and sportsmanship behaviors. We also explore the moderating effect of proactive personality on these relationships. Results from our two-sample study ( N = 352; 500) indicate that relational authenticity is positively associated with engagement in both altruistic and sportsmanship behaviors.
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Bauer CA, Hannover B. Can I Be Myself Around Natives? SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. The social integration of the ever-growing number of refugees in receiving societies is of major importance. Perceived discrimination has been found to predict fewer friendships with natives over time. But what short-term mechanisms explain this effect? In a sample of 115 refugees living in Germany we (i) replicated the long-term discrimination-social-integration relationship, (ii) found short-term associations between discrimination and affective, motivational, and behavioral tendencies not to befriend natives, and (iii) showed authenticity to mediate this short-term relationship: with increasing discrimination, refugees felt less like they could show their authentic selves around natives, which in turn impaired tendencies to befriend natives. Discrimination may impede the formation of interethnic friendships by instilling feelings of inauthenticity. Implications for prevention measures are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Anna Bauer
- Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
| | - Bettina Hannover
- Department of Educational Science and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany
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Kanter JW, Kuczynski AM, Manbeck KE, Corey MD, Wallace EC. An integrative contextual behavioral model of intimate relations. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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22
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Koydemir S, Şimşek ÖF, Kuzgun TB, Schütz A. Feeling special, feeling happy: Authenticity mediates the relationship between sense of uniqueness and happiness. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9865-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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23
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Black Women's Approaches to Encourage Male Partners to Get Tested for HIV: Predictors of Approaches and Partner Tests. J Assoc Nurses AIDS Care 2020; 31:124-136. [PMID: 31725103 DOI: 10.1097/jnc.0000000000000136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
New HIV infection rates in Black women are 15 times higher than that of White women, and new infections in women have been primarily associated with heterosexual sex. Encouraging sex partner testing may increase HIV status awareness. Prevention campaigns have not recommended specific approaches with established efficacy for women to encourage partner testing. We examined approaches to encourage HIV testing, interpersonal contexts of relationships, and HIV testing behaviors in 18- to 29-year-old Black women (n = 158). Findings from our quantitative analysis included the following: (a) Partner type (main or nonmain), intimate risk taking, sexual coercion, condom use, and age were related to varied approaches (Active Persuasion, Decisive Collaboration, Ultimatum, and Sweet Talking); (b) the greatest predictor of male partner HIV testing was whether the female partner had been tested for HIV; and (c) Active Persuasion and Decisive Collaboration approaches were associated with partner HIV testing. These findings can inform HIV prevention campaigns.
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Crabtree MA, Pillow DR. Consequences of enactment and concealment for felt authenticity: Understanding the effects of stigma through self‐distancing and motive fulfillment. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan A. Crabtree
- Department of Psychology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA
| | - David R. Pillow
- Department of Psychology University of Texas at San Antonio San Antonio TX USA
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Oc B, Daniels MA, Diefendorff JM, Bashshur MR, Greguras GJ. Humility breeds authenticity: How authentic leader humility shapes follower vulnerability and felt authenticity. ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR AND HUMAN DECISION PROCESSES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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26
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Kuczynski AM, Kanter JW, Wetterneck CT, Olaz FO, Singh RS, Lee EB, Stowe TJ, Mazzucchelli TG, Mier-Chairez J, Maitland DW, Manbeck KE, Corey MD. Measuring intimacy as a contextual behavioral process: Psychometric development and evaluation of the Awareness, Courage, and Responsiveness Scale. JOURNAL OF CONTEXTUAL BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcbs.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Singh RS, Wetterneck C, O'Brien W. Psychometric evaluation of the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Intimacy Scale in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders. Bull Menninger Clin 2020; 84:156-179. [PMID: 32101025 DOI: 10.1521/bumc_2020_84_06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Functional Analytic Psychotherapy (FAP) is a contextual behavioral therapy that targets specific ideographic behaviors related to interpersonal functioning and intimacy. There is a scarcity of measures specifically focused on behavioral measurement of intimacy as well as limited studies that examine intimacy in obsessive-compulsive and related disorders (OCRDs). Leonard and colleagues (2014) created the Functional Analytic Psychotherapy Intimacy Scale (FAPIS). The purpose of this study was to investigate the validity of the FAPIS in evaluating those with OCRDs. The FAPIS and other measures of intimacy were administered to 549 nonreferred adults endorsing OCRD symptoms. Several confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to assess the best fitting factor structure, and convergent validity and divergent validity were also assessed. Given the psychometric properties of the FAPIS in this sample, future research may be helpful in assessing if the FAPIS would be beneficial in measuring change related to intimacy when working with people with OCRDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sonia Singh
- Psychology postdoctoral fellow, South Central Mental Illness, Research and Clinical Center, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, North Little Rock, Arkansas
| | - Chad Wetterneck
- Cognitive-behavior specialist and clinical supervisor, Rogers Memorial Hospital, Oconomowoc, Wisconsin
| | - William O'Brien
- Professor, Department of Psychology, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, Ohio
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Emmerich AI, Knoll M, Rigotti T. The Authenticity of the Others: How Teammates’ Authenticity Relates to Our Well-Being. SMALL GROUP RESEARCH 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1046496419874877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although prior research has linked being authentic to individual well-being, little is known about authenticity’s external effects, that is, whether being around those who are authentic is good or bad for us. Integrating authenticity research and social penetration theory, we propose that others’ authenticity facilitates a number of positive intra- and interpersonal processes. Using a sample of 715 employees nested in 109 teams working for a nonprofit organization, we found that teammate authenticity relates positively to focal employees’ work engagement and negatively to their emotional exhaustion. While teammate authenticity explained incremental validity in both outcomes beyond the focal employee’s self-authenticity, it did not moderate the link from self-authenticity to well-being. Thus, instead of further facilitating beneficial intra-individual processes, being around authentic teammates seems to trigger distinct beneficial (social) processes that are neglected when focusing merely on the authenticity of the individual employee.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thomas Rigotti
- Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz and German Resilience Center, Germany
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Josephs L, Warach B, Goldin KL, Jonason PK, Gorman BS, Masroor S, Lebron N. Be yourself: Authenticity as a long-term mating strategy. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2019.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Jongman-Sereno KP, Leary MR. The Enigma of Being Yourself: A Critical Examination of the Concept of Authenticity. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
As the term is typically used, authenticity refers to the degree to which a particular behavior is congruent with a person’s attitudes, beliefs, values, motives, and other dispositions. However, researchers disagree regarding the best way to conceptualize and measure authenticity, whether being authentic is always desirable, why people are motivated to be authentic, and the nature of the relationship between authenticity and psychological well-being. In this article, we examine existing views of authenticity, identify questionable assumptions about the concept of authenticity, and discuss issues regarding subjective feelings of inauthenticity, the implications of authenticity for psychological and social well-being, and the importance that people place on being authentic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark R. Leary
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University
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Abstract
The core premise of this article is that it is scientifically informative and psychologically meaningful to conceptualize and assess authenticity in context. I begin by providing some theoretical background on the nature of the self-concept, highlighting how the self-concept is composed of a collection of selves, with different selves activated and therefore at play in different contexts. This basic fact, that the self-concept is both multifaceted and malleable, implies that authenticity is a construct that requires study at a contextual level. I illustrate this by reviewing theory and findings from 3 areas of research, incorporating studies from my laboratory throughout. These areas are (a) authenticity in the context of close relationships; (b) authenticity in hierarchical contexts, wherein one occupies a lower versus higher position of social power; and (c) authenticity in relation to the larger cultural context. Finally, I address a number of issues and questions that arise when considering authenticity in context and propose a number of directions for future research on the context-specific nature of authenticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Chen
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Berkeley
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Ryan WS, Ryan RM. Toward a Social Psychology of Authenticity: Exploring Within-Person Variation in Autonomy, Congruence, and Genuineness Using Self-Determination Theory. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Authenticity entails autonomy, congruence, and genuineness. In this article, we use a self-determination theory framework to discuss a critical aspect of social environments that facilitates these aspects of authenticity, namely the experience of autonomy support. Although authenticity is often studied as a trait or individual difference, we review research demonstrating that authenticity varies within individuals and predicts variations in well-being. Next, we show that perceiving autonomy support within a relational context is associated with people feeling more authentic and more like their ideal selves and displaying constellations of Big 5 personality traits indicative of greater wellness in that context. To explore another important part of authenticity, being genuine in interactions with others, we review evidence linking autonomy support to situational variation in identity disclosure among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals. This research suggests that perceiving autonomy support within a context or relationship helps lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals be more open about their sexual orientation and identity, which in turn affords greater opportunities for the satisfaction of not only autonomy, but competence and relatedness needs as well, facilitating well-being. We conclude by highlighting future directions in the study of authenticity’s dynamic nature, and the importance of the situation in its expression and its relation to well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard M. Ryan
- The Institute of Positive Psychology & Education, Australian Catholic University, and Department of Clinical and Social Sciences in Psychology, University of Rochester
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Sedikides C, Lenton AP, Slabu L, Thomaes S. Sketching the Contours of State Authenticity. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1037/gpr0000156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
We outline a program of research in which we examined state authenticity, the sense of being one’s true self. In particular, we describe its phenomenology (what it feels like to be experience authenticity), its correlates (e.g., emotions, needs), its nomological network (e.g., real-ideal self overlap, public and private self-consciousness), its cultural parameters (Easter and Western culture), its precursors or determinants (congruency, positivity, and hedonism), and its psychological health implications. We conclude by arguing that state authenticity deserves its own conceptual status, distinct from trait authenticity, and by setting an agenda for future research.
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West AL, Zhang R, Yampolsky MA, Sasaki JY. The Potential Cost of Cultural Fit: Frame Switching Undermines Perceptions of Authenticity in Western Contexts. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2622. [PMID: 30619015 PMCID: PMC6306435 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Behaving consistently across situations is fundamental to a person's authenticity in Western societies. This can pose a problem for biculturals who often frame switch, or adapt their behavior across cultural contexts, as a way of maintaining fit with each of their cultures. In particular, the behavioral inconsistency entailed in frame switching may undermine biculturals' sense of authenticity, as well as Westerners' impressions of biculturals' authenticity. Study 1 had a diverse sample of biculturals (N = 127) living in the United States and Canada describe an episode of frame switching (vs. no switching control vs. neutral control) and report on their state authenticity during the episode. Results showed that biculturals recalled feeling less authentic during an instance of frame switching compared to no switching control and neutral control. Study 2 had mainstream Canadians (White and of American, Canadian, or Western European cultural heritage, N = 97) read a hypothetical vignette, from a third-person perspective, about a bicultural who frame switches (vs. no switching control vs. neutral control) and provide their impressions of the bicultural's authenticity and multiple other desirable traits. Participants rated the bicultural as less authentic when he frame switched compared to no switching control and neutral control, and rated him as less likeable, trustworthy, and warm (but not competent) as downstream consequences of seeing him as less authentic. These results demonstrate that frame switching can come at a cost to authenticity, both in terms of how biculturals see themselves and are seen by others, at least in Western societies. These findings highlight that the way biculturals negotiate their cultures affects them psychologically and socially. In the context of cultural fit, the active process of establishing and maintaining fit with one's cultures can have unforeseen consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA, United States
| | | | - Joni Y. Sasaki
- Department of Psychology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States
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Wickham RE, Warren SL, Reed DE, Matsumoto MK. Attachment and perceived authenticity across relationship domains: A latent variable decomposition of the ECR-RS. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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36
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Bond MJ, Strauss NE, Wickham RE. Development and validation of the Kernis-Goldman authenticity inventory-short form (KGAI-SF). PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
In 1950, Alan Turing proposed his concept of universal machines, emphasizing their abilities to learn, think, and behave in a human-like manner. Today, the existence of intelligent agents imitating human characteristics is more relevant than ever. They have expanded to numerous aspects of daily life. Yet, while they are often seen as work simplifiers, their interactions usually lack social competence. In particular, they miss what one may call authenticity. In the study presented in this paper, we explore how characteristics of social intelligence may enhance future agent implementations. Interviews and an open question survey with experts from different fields have led to a shared understanding of what it would take to make intelligent virtual agents, in particular messaging agents (i.e., chat bots), more authentic. Results suggest that showcasing a transparent purpose, learning from experience, anthropomorphizing, human-like conversational behavior, and coherence, are guiding characteristics for agent authenticity and should consequently allow for and support a better coexistence of artificial intelligence technology with its respective users.
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Can Social Networking Sites Alleviate Depression? The Relation between Authentic Online Self-Presentation and Adolescent Depression: a Mediation Model of Perceived Social Support and Rumination. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-017-9711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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39
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Medler-Liraz H, Seger-Guttmann T. Authentic Emotional Displays, Leader–Member Exchange, and Emotional Exhaustion. JOURNAL OF LEADERSHIP & ORGANIZATIONAL STUDIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1548051817725266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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40
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Peets K, Hodges EVE. Authenticity in friendships and well-being in adolescence. SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/sode.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Ariza-Montes A, Giorgi G, Leal-Rodríguez A, Ramírez-Sobrino J. Authenticity and Subjective Wellbeing within the Context of a Religious Organization. Front Psychol 2017; 8:1228. [PMID: 28769854 PMCID: PMC5516145 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although authenticity has a long history as a philosophical and psychological idea, this concept has received scarce attention in the business literature until very lately. Nevertheless, scholars belonging to a broad array of disciplines have pointed out the escalation in the individuals’ search for authenticity within developed societies. Hence, the purpose of this paper is to assess the link between authenticity and subjective wellbeing within the rarely explored context of faith-driven organizations, where the management of emotions attains a particular significance. Specifically, this study links authenticity with subjective wellbeing among the distinct groups that shape a large international Catholic organization. This study uses Partial Least Squares (PLS) to test our research model and hypotheses. This paper covers two noteworthy research gaps. On the one hand, it provides evidence of the relationship between authenticity and subjective wellbeing within the context of religious organizations. On the other hand, our results suggest that this relationship is not homogeneous among the distinct groups that shape the organization. Implications of the research are finally discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ariza-Montes
- Department of Management, Universidad Loyola AndalucíaCórdoba, Spain.,Department of Business Administration, Universidad Autónoma de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Gabriele Giorgi
- Department of Psychology, Università degli Studi Europea di RomaRome, Italy
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Abstract
Psychologists engage in a multitude of social roles of varying degrees of emotionality, subjectivity, and objectivity because of the nature of their profession as well as their unique backgrounds that have drawn them to that profession. This study sought to understand how psychologists recognize and experience the concept of authenticity in the context of their professional lives. A purposeful sample of 17 clinical psychologists from metropolitan areas in the Southwest and the Pacific Northwest were interviewed. Using a phenomenological, qualitative research design, 262 significant statements were extracted and grouped together, resulting in 11 emergent themes specifically relating to a therapeutic, health care context. Rigor and thoroughness were achieved via multiple validation procedures. Psychologists defined authenticity as the matching of one’s inner thoughts, beliefs, and feelings with one’s outer presentation and behaviors. They believed that authenticity involves sensory and emotional qualities rather than purely cognitive or verbal qualities. Concepts of self-disclosure and mindful awareness were discussed as related to authenticity. It is of note that both humanistic and nonhumanistically inclined psychologists equally valued authenticity in the professional and therapeutic setting. Participants also discussed how authenticity and inauthenticity are experienced and modified in the therapeutic relationship, as well as the negative effects of inauthenticity in professional contexts.
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Gan M, Chen S. Being Your Actual or Ideal Self? What It Means to Feel Authentic in a Relationship. PERSONALITY AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY BULLETIN 2017; 43:465-478. [DOI: 10.1177/0146167216688211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Relational authenticity—which refers to subjective feelings of authenticity in a specific relationship—confers well-being; yet little is known about what gives rise to it. The present research tested competing hypotheses about the basis of relational authenticity, whether it arises from being one’s actual self in a relationship (actual–relational selves overlap), ideal self (relational–ideal selves overlap), or both. A pilot study examined lay beliefs about the basis of relational authenticity. Study 1 then showed that relational–ideal, but not actual–relational, overlap predicts relational authenticity. The remaining studies experimentally manipulated relational–ideal overlap, and showed that low overlap reduced relational authenticity compared with a control condition (Study 2), with varying actual–relational overlap (Study 3), and with varying actual–ideal overlap (Study 4). Several alternative accounts (e.g., negative general relationship perceptions) were addressed. We conclude that relational authenticity emanates largely from being one’s ideal self in the relevant relationship, and discuss implications and future directions.
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Czerny AB, Lassiter PS. Healing From Intimate Partner Violence: An Empowerment Wheel to Guide the Recovery Journey. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2016.1222321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pamela S. Lassiter
- University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
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Rasco D, Warner RM. Relationship authenticity partially mediates the effects of attachment on relationship satisfaction. The Journal of Social Psychology 2016; 157:445-457. [DOI: 10.1080/00224545.2016.1229253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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46
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Lopez FG, Ramos K. Predicting well-being in managers: Test of a positive psychology model. THE JOURNAL OF POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17439760.2015.1092571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Balanced authenticity predicts optimal well-being: Theoretical conceptualization and empirical development of the authenticity in relationships scale. PERSONALITY AND INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.paid.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jongman-Sereno KP, Leary MR. Self-perceived Authenticity is Contaminated by the Valence of One’s Behavior. SELF AND IDENTITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/15298868.2015.1128964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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How do I look? Parent–adolescent psychological boundary dissolution and adolescents’ true-self behavior as manifested in their self-drawings. ARTS IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aip.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Lim JS, Nicholson J, Yang SU, Kim HK. Online authenticity, popularity, and the “Real Me” in a microblogging environment. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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