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Grau-Perales AB, Levy ERJ, Fenton AA, Gallo M. Dorsal hippocampal damage disrupts the auditory context-dependent attenuation of taste neophobia in mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2018; 157:121-127. [PMID: 30562590 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Rodents exhibit neophobia for novel tastes, demonstrated by an initial reluctance to drink novel-tasting, potentially-aversive solutions. Taste neophobia attenuates across days if the solution is not aversive, demonstrated by increased consumption as the solution becomes familiar. This attenuation of taste neophobia is context dependent, which has been demonstrated by maintained reluctance to drink the novel tasting solution if the subject has to drink it after being brought to a novel environment. This spatial context-dependent attenuation of taste neophobia has been described and likely depends on the integrity of the dorsal hippocampus because this brain area is crucial for representing space and spatial context associations, but is unnecessary for processing taste memories per se. Whether changing the non-spatial auditory context causes a similar effect on attenuation of taste neophobia and the potential role of the dorsal hippocampus in processing this decidedly non-spatial information has not been determined. Here we demonstrate that changing the non-spatial auditory context affects the attenuation of taste neophobia in mice, and investigate the consequence of hippocampal lesion. The results demonstrate that the non-spatial auditory context-dependent attenuation of taste neophobia in mice is lost following NMDA excitotoxic lesions of the CA1 region of the dorsal hippocampus. These findings demonstrate that the dorsal hippocampus is crucial for the modulation non-associative taste learning by auditory context, neither of which provide information about space.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Grau-Perales
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain.
| | - E R J Levy
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - A A Fenton
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA; Neuroscience Institute at the New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Physiology & Pharmacology, The Robert F. Furchgott Center for Neural and Behavioral Science, SUNY, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - M Gallo
- Department of Psychobiology, Institute of Neurosciences, Center for Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Spain
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Gallo M, Ballesteros M, Molero A, Morón I. Taste Aversion Learning as a Tool for the Study of Hippocampal and Non-Hippocampal Brain Memory Circuits Regulating Diet Selection. Nutr Neurosci 2016; 2:277-302. [DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.1999.11747284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Revillo DA, Castello S, Paglini G, Arias C. Reacquisition, reinstatement, and renewal of a conditioned taste aversion in preweanling rats. Dev Psychobiol 2013; 56:713-25. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2012] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Revillo
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Friuli 2434 Córdoba Argentina
| | - S. Castello
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Friuli 2434 Córdoba Argentina
| | - G. Paglini
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Friuli 2434 Córdoba Argentina
| | - C. Arias
- Instituto de Investigación Médica M. y M. Ferreyra, INIMEC-CONICET, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Friuli 2434 Córdoba Argentina
- Facultad de Psicologia; Universidad del País Vasco-UPV/EHU; Avda Tolosa 70 San Sebastián Spain
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Choline dietary supplementation improves LiCl-induced context aversion retention in adult rats. Physiol Behav 2012; 106:451-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Revised: 02/13/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Castello S, Bobbio A, Orellana E, Arias C. Signaling the unconditioned stimulus during the preexposure phase does not attenuate the unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect in preweanling rats. Dev Psychobiol 2011; 54:808-17. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.21001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Dardou D, Datiche F, Cattarelli M. Does the olfactory cue activate the same brain network during aging in the rat after taste potentiated odor aversion retrieval? Neurobiol Learn Mem 2009; 93:137-50. [PMID: 19761859 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2009.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2009] [Revised: 09/03/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Depending on the brain networks involved, aging is not accompanied by a general decrease in learning and memory capabilities. We demonstrated previously that learning and retrieval of taste potentiated odor aversion (TPOA) is preserved, and even slightly improved, in senescent rats showing some memory deficiencies in cognitive tasks (Dardou, Datiche, & Cattarelli, 2008). TPOA is a particular behavior in which the simultaneous presentation of odor and taste cues followed by a delayed visceral illness leads to a robust aversion towards both conditioned stimuli, which permits diet selection and animal survival. The present experiment was performed in order to investigate the stability or the evolution of the brain network underlying TPOA retrieval during aging. By using immunocytochemical detection of Fos and Egr1 proteins we mapped the cerebral activation induced by TPOA retrieval elicited by the odor presentation in the young, the adult and the senescent rats. The pattern of brain activation changed and the number of activated areas decreased with age. Nevertheless, the piriform cortex and the basolateral amygdala nucleus were always activated and seemed essential for TPOA retrieval. The hippocampus and the neocortical areas could have different implications in TPOA memory in relation to age. The patterns of expression of Fos and Egr1 were different, suggesting their differential involvement in TPOA retrieval. Data are discussed according to the possible roles of the brain areas studied and a model of schematic brain network subtending TPOA retrieval induced by the odor cue is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dardou
- Centre Européen des Sciences du Goût, CNRS UMR 5170, 15 rue Hugues Picardet, 21000 Dijon, France.
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de Brugada I, González F, Cándido A. The role of injection cues in the associative control of the US pre-exposure effect in flavour aversion learning. THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY. B, COMPARATIVE AND PHYSIOLOGICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2003; 56:241-52. [PMID: 12881160 DOI: 10.1080/02724990244000115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments, using rats as subjects, examined the role of contextual cues in producing the unconditioned stimulus (US) pre-exposure effect in conditioned taste aversion. Experiment 1 showed a significant US pre-exposure effect, when the pre-exposure was conducted in a familiar context, and that a change of context between the pre-exposure and conditioning phases did not attenuate this effect. Experiment 2 demonstrated that extinction of injection-related cues after the pre-exposure stage attenuated the US pre-exposure effect, when the pre-exposure was conducted in either a familiar or a novel context. Taken together, these results support the associative explanation of the US pre-exposure effect in terms of blocking, incorporating a role for injection-related cues in the context blocking analysis of the US pre-exposure effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel de Brugada
- Departamento de Psicología Experimental y Fisiología del Comportamiento, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain.
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Abstract
The neural mechanisms by which fear is inhibited are poorly understood at the present time. Behaviorally, a conditioned fear response may be reduced in intensity through a number of means. Among the simplest of these is extinction, a form of learning characterized by a decrease in the amplitude and frequency of a conditioned response when the conditioned stimulus that elicits it is repeatedly nonreinforced. Because clinical interventions for patients suffering from fear dysregulation seek to inhibit abnormal, presumably learned fear responses, an understanding of fear extinction is likely to inform and increase the efficacy of these forms of treatment. This review considers the behavioral, cellular, and molecular literatures on extinction and presents the most recent advances in our understanding while identifying issues that require considerable further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karyn M Myers
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Igoa JM. The decade 1989-1998 in Spanish psychology: an analysis of research in basic psychological processes, history of psychology, and other related topics. THE SPANISH JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2001; 4:123-50. [PMID: 11723639 DOI: 10.1017/s1138741600005722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
This article presents a review of research published by Spanish Faculty from the area of basic psychology in the decade 1989-1998. It provides information about research on basic psychological processes commonly studied under the labels of experimental and cognitive psychology, plus a number of topics from other research areas, including some applied psychology issues. The review analyzes the work of 241 faculty members from 27 different Spanish universities, as reflected in 1,882 published papers, book chapters, and books. The analyses carried out in this report include a description of the main research trends found in each area, with some representative references of the published materials, and statistics showing the distribution of this research work in various relevant publications (both Spanish and foreign), with figures that reveal the impact of this work both at a national and international scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Igoa
- Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Campus de Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Abstract
The hippocampus is widely believed to be essential for learning about the context in which conditioning occurs. This view is based primarily on evidence that lesions of the dorsal hippocampus disrupt freezing to contextual cues after fear conditioning. However, lesions that disrupt freezing produce no effect on fear-potentiated startle, a second measure of contextual fear. Moreover, hippocampal lesions also do not disrupt the contextual 'blocking' phenomenon, which provides an indirect measure of contextual fear. In these paradigms, at least, it appears that hippocampal lesions disrupt the expression of freezing, rather than contextual fear itself. This interpretation is supported by the finding that rats showing preserved contextual blocking after hippocampal lesions show deficits not only in contextual freezing, but also in unconditioned freezing. These findings are consistent with a growing body of data from other conditioning paradigms that contextual learning is spared after lesions of the dorsal hippocampus. Nonetheless, there remain some reports of impaired contextual fear conditioning after hippocampal lesions that cannot be attributed easily to a disruption of freezing. Thus, it is concluded that the hippocampus may be involved in contextual learning under certain--as yet, unspecified--circumstances, but is not critical for contextual learning in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Gewirtz
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Ribicoff Research Facilities of the Connecticut Mental Health Center, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT 06508, USA.
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Abstract
This review examines the relationship between exploration and contextual fear conditioning. The fear acquired to places or contexts associated with aversive events is a form of Pavlovian conditioning. However, an initial period of exploration is necessary to allow the animal to form an integrated memory of the features of the context before conditioning can take place. The hippocampal formation plays a critical role in this process. Cells within the dorsal hippocampus are involved in the formation, storage and consolidation of this integrated representation of context. Projections from the subiculum to the nucleus accumbens regulate the exploration necessary for the acquisition of information about the features of the context. This model explains why electrolytic but not excitotoxic lesions of the dorsal hippocampus cause enhanced exploratory activity but both cause deficits in contextual fear. It also explains why retrograde amnesia of contextual fear is greater than anterograde amnesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Fanselow
- Department of Psychology and Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1563, USA.
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McNish KA, Gewirtz JC, Davis M. Disruption of contextual freezing, but not contextual blocking of fear-potentiated startle, after lesions of the dorsal hippocampus. Behav Neurosci 2000; 114:64-76. [PMID: 10718262 DOI: 10.1037/0735-7044.114.1.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The role of the dorsal hippocampus in contextual fear conditioning was investigated with a contextual blocking paradigm. In Experiment 1, rats were given pairings of a light conditioned stimulus (CS) and footshock after preexposure either to footshock or to the context alone. The group preexposed to footshock showed poorer fear conditioning to the light CS, as measured by the fear-potentiated startle reflex. In Experiment 2, a group preexposed to footshock in the same context showed poorer fear conditioning to the light CS than did a group preexposed to footshock in a different context, indicating contextual blocking of fear-potentiated startle. In Experiment 3, lesions of the dorsal hippocampus had no effect on contextual blocking, even though contextual freezing was disrupted. The sparing of contextual blocking indicated that contextual memory was intact following hippocampal lesions, despite the disruption of contextual freezing.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A McNish
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, Massachusetts, USA
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Effects of contextual cues previously paired with footshock or illness on behavior and pain sensitivity in the rat. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.3758/bf03209978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that contextual learning encompasses a variety of changes in learning and performance processes. Only some of these changes depend on the hippocampus. Specialized functions proposed for the hippocampus in contextual learning include the construction and consolidation of contextual memory representations, incidental contextual learning, and inhibitory contextual learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- P C Holland
- Department of Psychology: Experimental, Duke University Box 90086, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
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Houston FP, Stevenson GD, McNaughton BL, Barnes CA. Effects of Age on the Generalization and Incubation of Memory in the F344 Rat. Learn Mem 1999. [DOI: 10.1101/lm.6.2.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Freezing (immobility) in the presence of aversive stimuli is a species-specific behavior that is used as an operational measure of fear. Conditioning of this response to discrete sensory stimuli and environmental context cues has been used as a tool to study the neuropsychology of memory dynamics and their development over the lifespan. Three age groups of F344 rats (3, 9, and 27 month) received tone–foot shock pairing (or tone only) in a distinctive chamber on two consecutive days. Separate subgroups of rats from each age group were then tested, at retention intervals of 1, 20, 40, or 60 days, for context-mediated fear in the environment in which they were trained, for generalization of the fear response to a novel chamber, and for fear of the tone. Beginning at day 20, the 27-month-old rats exhibited less freezing behavior than did younger rats when tested in the conditioning context. This age difference was a result of freezing behavior becoming progressively stronger with time in the two younger age groups, a phenomenon that has been referred to as memory incubation. Incubation of the contextual fear response was not detected in the old rats. In a novel context, all age groups exhibited significantly more freezing than did control animals. There was also pronounced incubation of this generalized freezing response, and the extent of incubation declined significantly with age. In the novel context, the freezing response to the tone was robust in all age groups and increased over time, in constant proportion to the degree of freezing elicited by the novel context itself, prior to tone onset. The fact that old animals are known to be relatively selectively impaired in forms of memory that depend on a functional hippocampus suggests a possible explanation for the reduced incubation effects seen in old rats; however, whether the increased expression of fear over time is mediated by a hippocampal-dependent memory consolidation process or whether it reflects a generalized increase in the gain of the circuitry mediating the fear response itself, remains to be determined.
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