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Psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding during the COVID-19 pandemic: clarifying the role of parental symptoms of depression and aggressiveness. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:113. [PMID: 36647046 PMCID: PMC9841494 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14759-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental work stress and impaired mental health seem to have intensified during the current COVID-19 pandemic. Both can have a negative impact on parent-child bonding: psychosocial work stress in the course of a spillover effect from work to family and symptoms of impaired mental health as part of a crossover effect from parent to child. This potentially affects the child's development in the long term. METHOD This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding during the early COVID-19 pandemic (May-June 2020). Symptoms of depression and aggressiveness were considered as mediators of this relationship. The sample consisted of employees in Eastern Germany (n = 380; 42.9% mothers, 57.1% fathers), aged 24-55 years, with children aged 0-36 months. RESULTS In the total sample, an association was only found after adjusting for potential confounders, indicating that higher psychosocial work stress is associated with weaker bonding between the parent and child (β = 0.148, p = .017, 95% CI [0.566, 5.614]). The separate analyses for mothers and fathers did not reveal a statistically significant relationship between psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding. In the total sample, the higher the psychosocial work stress was, the higher were the parental symptoms of depression (β = 0.372, p < .001, 95% CI [3.417, 5.696]) and aggressiveness β = 0.254, p < .001, 95% CI [1.008, 3.208]). The mental health symptoms in turn were related to weaker parent-child bonding (symptoms of depression β = 0.320, p < .001, 95% CI [0.345, 0.749]; symptoms of aggressiveness β = 0.394, p < .001, 95% CI [0.697, 1.287]). The results furthermore suggested that parental mental health symptoms mediate the association between psychosocial work stress and parent-child bonding (symptoms of depression, ab = 2.491, 95% CI [1.472, 3.577] and of aggressiveness, ab = 2.091, 95% CI [1.147, 3.279]). The mediation effect was also found in the separate analyses for the mothers and fathers. DISCUSSION The results of this study during the early COVID-19 pandemic in Germany highlight the importance of prevention as well as intervention measures in relation to psychosocial work stress that may play a debilitating role in the context of family relationships. In addition, the results suggest that both employers and employees should be made aware of the importance of psychosocial work stress, as it can have a negative impact on mental health, which in turn may have a major influence on family relationships.
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Perry-Jenkins M, Laws HB, Sayer A, Newkirk K. Parents' work and children's development: A longitudinal investigation of working-class families. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2020; 34:257-268. [PMID: 31414863 PMCID: PMC7021583 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The current study examines the relationship between working-class mothers' and fathers' job autonomy across the 1st year of parenthood and their children's behavior problems and adaptive skills in the 1st grade. Data came from a longitudinal study of 120 couples interviewed 5 times across the transition to parenthood and again when the target child entered the 1st grade. Mothers' job autonomy and fathers' work hours during the child's 1st year of life directly predicted fewer behavior problems and more adaptive skills in their children at 6-7 years of age. For all parents a mediated relationship emerged such that greater job autonomy predicted less parenting overreactivity, which in turn predicted better child outcomes. Parent involvement was also a significant mediator linking job autonomy to children's adaptive skills but not behavior problems. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen Perry-Jenkins
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Research on Families, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Holly B Laws
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Research on Families, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Aline Sayer
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Research on Families, University of Massachusetts Amherst
| | - Katie Newkirk
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Center for Research on Families, University of Massachusetts Amherst
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Hart LC, van Tilburg MAL, Campbell R, Faldowski RA, Nazareth M, Ndugga M, Coltrane C, de Ferris MDG. Association of youth health care transition readiness to role overload among parents of children with chronic illness. Child Care Health Dev 2019; 45:577-584. [PMID: 31049987 DOI: 10.1111/cch.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A parent's level of role overload, a situation in which the demands of an individual's roles are beyond their capacity to perform adequately, has been associated with poor outcomes in adolescents. It is unknown if role overload in parents is associated with less health care transition (HCT) readiness in their children with chronic conditions. We sought to assess this relationship. METHODS Youth with chronic conditions attending a therapeutic camp and their parents completed online consents/assents and de-identified surveys. Parents reported on parental role overload using the Reilly Role Overload Scale and a proxy assessment of the youth's HCT readiness using the STARx -Parent Questionnaire. Youth self-reported on their HCT readiness using the STARx Questionnaire. Linear regression measured the relationship between parent role overload and HCT readiness, controlling for youth's age, sex, and degree of youth's educational support. RESULTS One hundred fifty-two parents and 50 youth completed the measures. Greater parental role overload was associated with less overall HCT readiness on the parent proxy measure (β = -.12, P ≤ .008) and a lower level in the self-management domain on the parent proxy measure (β = -.20, P ≤ .001). We found no associations between parent role overload and youth self-report of HCT readiness. CONCLUSION Parent's level of role overload had no association with youth's self-report of HCT readiness but was negatively associated with parent proxy report of their youth's HCT readiness, suggesting that parents with high levels of role overload may perceive their youth as less ready to transition to adult-focused care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Hart
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,Division of Ambulatory Pediatrics, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Miranda A L van Tilburg
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina.,College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences,, Campbell University, Buies Creek, North Carolina.,School of Social Work, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert Campbell
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Eastern Virginia Medical School/Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia
| | - Richard A Faldowski
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Meaghan Nazareth
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Maggwa Ndugga
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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De Luca SM, Yueqi Y, Daley D, Padilla Y. A longitudinal study of Latino and non-Hispanic mothers' and fathers' depressive symptoms and its association with parent-child communication. J Affect Disord 2018; 227:580-587. [PMID: 29172050 PMCID: PMC5805639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Revised: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roughly 8% of the U.S. population report moderate or severe depression for two or more weeks and Latinos (3.7%) report higher rates of severe depression compared to non-Hispanic whites (2.6%) (Pratt and Brody, 2014). As the Latino population continues to grow in the U.S., there is little research on the manifestations for depression, and how this affects the family system longitudinally. METHODS Based on data from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study, a 3-step latent class analysis examined the association of self-reported parental depressive symptoms and their children's perceived levels of closeness and openness to communicate with their parents over 9 years (N=3956 families). RESULTS Latino parents reported four different depressive patterns, while non-Hispanic parents were more diversified and had six patterns in terms of latent class analysis. Latinos reported episodic symptoms, while NH parents were more likely to report chronic depressive symptoms over time. Regardless of race/ethnicity, parental depressive symptoms negatively affected their children's reported level of parental closeness and openness to communicate with mothers and fathers. LIMITATIONS As with any self-report data, the risk of social desirability bias is likely still present. Additionally, these results cannot be generalized to the broader U.S. CONCLUSIONS Due to the different mental health presentations over 9 years, and following the federal initiatives (National Institute of Mental Health, 2015) of early and consistent surveillance, we advise that clinicians and primary care physicians screen for depressive symptoms at least yearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. De Luca
- School of Social Work & Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd, School of Social Work, Austin, Texas
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Philpott LF, Corcoran P. Paternal postnatal depression in Ireland: Prevalence and associated factors. Midwifery 2018; 56:121-127. [DOI: 10.1016/j.midw.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Leyendecker B, Cabrera N, Lembcke H, Willard J, Kohl K, Spiegler O. Parenting in a New Land. EUROPEAN PSYCHOLOGIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1027/1016-9040/a000316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract. Immigrant parents face a double challenge in rearing their children in a foreign country. In addition to the tasks that all parents face, they must also try to find a balance between the norms and expectations of their heritage culture and those of the culture they live in. How do immigrant parents support their children and contribute to their positive adaptation? The goal of this review is to highlight selected aspects of parenting and family relationships that are strongly linked to children’s development and resilience. With regards to family processes, we underscore the contribution of fathers, the role of a potential acculturation gap between parents, and the benefit of speaking the heritage language in the family. For the connection to the world outside of the family, we highlight the advantage of having proficiency in the majority language and of parental involvement in schools. Finally, we outline the specific challenges and stressors as well as the importance of family relationships for families with refugee status. We conclude by making the case that immigrant parents should be encouraged and supported in rearing their children in a way that fosters family cohesion and reflects their heritage culture as well as the culture of the host country. This requires support and intervention programs that are not only culturally sensitive but are also two-generational and focus on mothers, fathers, and children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Cabrera
- Department of Human Development and Quantitative Methodology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Hanna Lembcke
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Unversität Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Katharina Kohl
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Unversität Bochum, Germany
| | - Olivia Spiegler
- Department of Psychology, Ruhr-Unversität Bochum, Germany
- FernUniversität Hagen, Germany
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Benes D, Dowling J, Crawford S, Hayman LL. Social and Environmental Influences on Physical Activity Levels in Latina Adolescents. Public Health Nurs 2016; 34:101-111. [PMID: 27384961 DOI: 10.1111/phn.12278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine social and environmental factors that affect moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in mid-adolescent Hispanic females. DESIGN AND SAMPLE Secondary data analysis to examine social and environmental level factors related to MVPA levels in (n = 897) mid-adolescent Hispanic females. MEASURES Data were retrieved from the National Survey of Children's Health (2011/12). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations for factors with MVPA. RESULTS Significant mid-adolescent predictors were English speaking, OR 1.64 (95% CI, 1.03-2.61); parental attendance of activities, OR 0.50 (95% CI, 0.31-0.81); peer support, OR 2.74 (95% CI, 1.75-4.29); supportive neighborhood, OR 1.52 (95% CI, 1.03-2.32); and safe school environment, OR 1.67 (95% CI, 1.01-2.74). CONCLUSION Findings highlight the need for the development of age and culturally appropriate interventions to aid the improvement of participation levels in MVPA among the Latina adolescent population. Additionally, findings suggest recommendations for policy and future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Benes
- Nursing, Fitchburg State University, Fitchburg, Massachusetts
| | | | - Sybil Crawford
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Laura L Hayman
- College of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
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Wheeler LA, Updegraff KA, Crouter A. Mexican-origin parents' work conditions and adolescents' adjustment. JOURNAL OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY : JFP : JOURNAL OF THE DIVISION OF FAMILY PSYCHOLOGY OF THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (DIVISION 43) 2015; 29:447-57. [PMID: 25938710 PMCID: PMC4461521 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Mexican-origin parents' work experiences are a distal extrafamilial context for adolescents' adjustment. This 2-wave multiinformant study examined the prospective mechanisms linking parents' work conditions (i.e., self-direction, work pressure, workplace discrimination) to adolescents' adjustment (i.e., educational expectations, depressive symptoms, risky behavior) across the transition to high school drawing on work socialization and spillover models. We examined the indirect effects of parental work conditions on adolescent adjustment through parents' psychological functioning (i.e., depressive symptoms, role overload) and aspects of the parent-adolescent relationship (i.e., parental solicitation, parent-adolescent conflict), as well as moderation by adolescent gender. Participants were 246 predominantly immigrant, Mexican-origin, 2-parent families who participated in home interviews when adolescents were approximately 13 and 15 years of age. Results supported the positive impact of fathers' occupational self-direction on all 3 aspects of adolescents' adjustment through decreased father-adolescent conflict, after controlling for family socioeconomic status and earner status, and underemployment. Parental work pressure and discrimination were indirectly linked to adolescents' adjustment, with different mechanisms emerging for mothers and fathers. Adolescents' gender moderated the associations between fathers' self-direction and girls' depressive symptoms, and fathers' experiences of discrimination and boys' risk behavior. Results suggest that Mexican-origin mothers' and fathers' perceptions of work conditions have important implications for multiple domains of adolescents' adjustment across the transition to high school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorey A Wheeler
- The Nebraska Center for Research on Children, Youth, Families, and Schools
| | | | - Ann Crouter
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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Gassman-Pines A. Effects of Mexican Immigrant Parents’ Daily Workplace Discrimination on Child Behavior and Family Functioning. Child Dev 2015; 86:1175-1190. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Honda A, Abe Y, Date Y, Honda S. The Impact of Multiple Roles on Psychological Distress among Japanese Workers. Saf Health Work 2015; 6:114-9. [PMID: 26106510 PMCID: PMC4476194 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2014] [Revised: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There has been considerable interest in Japanese society in the problem of work-related stress leading to depressive symptoms, and an increasing number of primary houseworkers maintain paid employment. The purpose of this study was to examine the differential impact of multiple roles associated with psychological distress among Japanese workers. Methods We studied 722 men and women aged 18–83 years in a cross-sectional study. The K10 questionnaire was used to examine psychological distress. Results The proportion of participants with psychological distress was higher in women (17.8%) compared with men (11.5%). Having three roles significantly decreased the risk of psychological distress [women: odds ratio (OR), 0.37-fold; men: OR, 0.41] compared with only one role. In working married women, there was significantly less psychological distress (OR, 0.27), and those with childrearing or caregiving responsibilities for elderly parents had significantly less psychological distress (OR, 0.38) than those with only an employment role. Similarly, working married men who had childrearing or caregiving responsibilities for elderly parents had significantly less psychological distress (OR, 0.41) than those who had only an employment role. Conclusion The present study demonstrated that participants who had only an employment role had an increased risk of psychological distress. The degree of psychological distress was not determined solely by the number of roles. It is important to have balance between work and family life to reduce role conflict and/or role submersion, which in turn may reduce the risk of psychological distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Honda
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yasuyo Abe
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yutaka Date
- Department of Public Health, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Sumihisa Honda
- Department of Nursing, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Nagasaki, Japan
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Wheeler LA, Updegraff KA, Umaña-Taylor A, Tein JY. Mexican-origin parents' latent occupational profiles: associations with parent-youth relationships and youth aspirations. Dev Psychol 2014; 50:772-83. [PMID: 23957822 PMCID: PMC4131761 DOI: 10.1037/a0034170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
This study used an ecological, person-centered approach to identify subgroups of families who had similar profiles across multiple dimensions of Mexican-origin mothers' and fathers' occupational characteristics (i.e., self-direction, hazardous conditions, physical activity) and to relate these subgroups to families' sociocultural characteristics and youth adjustment. The study included 160 dual-earner Mexican-origin families from the urban Southwest. Mothers' and fathers' objective work characteristics and families' sociocultural characteristics were assessed when youth were in early to middle adolescence; adjustment was assessed during late adolescence and early adulthood for 2 offspring in each family. A latent profile analysis identified 3 profiles that evidenced distinct patterns of occupational characteristics: a differentiated high physical activity profile characterized by high levels of physical activity and low levels of self-direction; an incongruent profile characterized by large differences between parents on self-direction, hazards, and physical activity; and a congruent highly self-directed profile characterized by congruence across parents on occupational characteristics. These profiles were linked to sociocultural characteristics (i.e., family income, educational attainment, and acculturation) and to relational adjustment (i.e., mother- and father-youth conflict, father warmth) and educational aspirations. Results are discussed with respect to implications of parents' work for youths' future family relationships and attainment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorey A Wheeler
- Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University
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Roubinov DS, Luecken LJ, Crnic KA, Gonzales NA. Postnatal depression in Mexican American fathers: demographic, cultural, and familial predictors. J Affect Disord 2014; 152-154:360-8. [PMID: 24148791 PMCID: PMC3851918 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although maternal postpartum depression (PPD) is a well-documented phenomenon that has been the focus of a large body of literature, much less is known about the prevalence and predictors of depressive symptoms among fathers following the birth of a child. Particularly scarce is research with Mexican American men, an understudied population at high risk given limited socioeconomic resources and elevated rates of maternal PPD. METHODS The current study used descriptive and path analyses to examine the prevalence and predictors of PPD in 92 Mexican American fathers (M age=31.3 years). RESULTS At both 15 and 21 postpartum week assessments, 9% of fathers met criteria for PPD. Path analyses suggested that unemployment status, fewer biological children, poor marital relationship quality, and lower orientation to Anglo culture predicted higher 15 week paternal PPD symptoms, which was associated with greater paternal depressive symptoms at 21 weeks. Predictive paths from symptoms of maternal to paternal PPD were not significant. LIMITATIONS Lack of generalizability to other ethnic groups, sampling of primarily resident fathers, and the absence of historical assessments of depression are limitations of the current study. CONCLUSIONS Findings support the importance of PPD screenings among Mexican American fathers and suggest certain demographic, familial, and cultural factors may render men particularly vulnerable for maladjustment during the early infancy period.
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