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Savard MA, Merlo R, Samithamby A, Paas A, Coffey EBJ. Approaches to studying emotion using physiological responses to spoken narratives: A scoping review. Psychophysiology 2024:e14642. [PMID: 38961524 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.14642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Narratives are effective tools for evoking emotions, and physiological measurements provide a means of objectively assessing emotional reactions - making them a potentially powerful pair of tools for studying emotional processes. However, extent research combining emotional narratives and physiological measurement varies widely in design and application, making it challenging to identify previous work, consolidate findings, and design effective experiments. Our scoping review explores the use of auditory emotional narratives and physiological measures in research, examining paradigms, study populations, and represented emotions. Following the PRISMA-ScR Checklist, we searched five databases for peer-reviewed experimental studies that used spoken narratives to induce emotion and reported autonomic physiological measures. Among 3466 titles screened and 653 articles reviewed, 110 studies were included. Our exploration revealed a variety of applications and experimental paradigms; emotional narratives paired with physiological measures have been used to study diverse topics and populations, including neurotypical and clinical groups. Although incomparable designs and sometimes contradictory results precluded general recommendations as regards which physiological measures to use when designing new studies, as a whole, the body of work suggests that these tools can be valuable to study emotions. Our review offers an overview of research employing narratives and physiological measures for emotion study, and highlights weaknesses in reporting practices and gaps in our knowledge concerning the robustness and specificity of physiological measures as indices of emotion. We discuss study design considerations and transparent reporting, to facilitate future using emotional narratives and physiological measures in studying emotions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Anick Savard
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Raphaëlle Merlo
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- École de Psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Quebec, Canada
| | - Abiraam Samithamby
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Anita Paas
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emily B J Coffey
- Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- International Laboratory for Brain, Music and Sound Research (BRAMS), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music (CRBLM), Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Valenzuela-Pascual C, Mas A, Borràs R, Anmella G, Sanabra M, González-Campos M, Valentí M, Pacchiarotti I, Benabarre A, Grande I, De Prisco M, Oliva V, Bastidas A, Agasi I, Young AH, Garriga M, Murru A, Corponi F, Li BM, de Looff P, Vieta E, Hidalgo-Mazzei D. Sleep-wake variations of electrodermal activity in bipolar disorder. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2024. [PMID: 38890010 DOI: 10.1111/acps.13718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Affective states influence the sympathetic nervous system, inducing variations in electrodermal activity (EDA), however, EDA association with bipolar disorder (BD) remains uncertain in real-world settings due to confounders like physical activity and temperature. We analysed EDA separately during sleep and wakefulness due to varying confounders and potential differences in mood state discrimination capacities. METHODS We monitored EDA from 102 participants with BD including 35 manic, 29 depressive, 38 euthymic patients, and 38 healthy controls (HC), for 48 h. Fifteen EDA features were inferred by mixed-effect models for repeated measures considering sleep state, group and covariates. RESULTS Thirteen EDA feature models were significantly influenced by sleep state, notably including phasic peaks (p < 0.001). During wakefulness, phasic peaks showed different values for mania (M [SD] = 6.49 [5.74, 7.23]), euthymia (5.89 [4.83, 6.94]), HC (3.04 [1.65, 4.42]), and depression (3.00 [2.07, 3.92]). Four phasic features during wakefulness better discriminated between HC and mania or euthymia, and between depression and euthymia or mania, compared to sleep. Mixed symptoms, average skin temperature, and anticholinergic medication affected the models, while sex and age did not. CONCLUSION EDA measured from awake recordings better distinguished between BD states than sleep recordings, when controlled by confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clàudia Valenzuela-Pascual
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ariadna Mas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roger Borràs
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerard Anmella
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miriam Sanabra
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meritxell González-Campos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Valentí
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabella Pacchiarotti
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Benabarre
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iria Grande
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michele De Prisco
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Oliva
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Anna Bastidas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Agasi
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Allan H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders (CfAD), Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience (IoPPN), King's College London, London, UK
| | - Marina Garriga
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrea Murru
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Filippo Corponi
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Bryan M Li
- School of Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Peter de Looff
- Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Fivoor, Science and Treatment Innovation, Expert centre "De Borg", Den Dolder, The Netherlands
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Diego Hidalgo-Mazzei
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi I Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre Consortium on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences (UBNeuro), University of Barcelona (UB), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Carpenter JK, Pineles SL, Griffin MG, Pandey S, Werner K, Kecala NM, Resick PA, Galovski TE. Heart rate reactivity during trauma recall as a predictor of treatment outcome in cognitive processing therapy for PTSD. Behav Res Ther 2024; 176:104519. [PMID: 38503205 PMCID: PMC10999335 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2024.104519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Emotional engagement when recollecting a trauma memory is considered a key element of effective trauma-focused therapy. Research has shown that reduced physiological reactivity during trauma recall is associated with worse treatment outcomes for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but this has yet to be examined in a cognitively oriented treatment. This study examined whether pretreatment heart rate (HR) reactivity during trauma recall predicts PTSD symptom improvement and treatment dropout during Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT) for PTSD. Participants were 142 women with PTSD secondary to interpersonal violence enrolled in one of two clinicals trials. HR reactivity reflected the mean increase in HR after listening to two 30-s scripts of the trauma memory prior to treatment. Linear mixed-effects models showed the effect of HR reactivity on change in total PTSD symptoms was not significant, but lower HR reactivity predicted less improvement in reexperiencing and avoidance and was associated with increased dropout. Findings suggest pretreatment physiological reactivity to the trauma memory may be a prognostic indicator of some elements of treatment response in CPT. Results tentatively support the importance of emotional activation during trauma recall in cognitive treatment of PTSD, though more research is needed to clarify how low HR reactivity impacts treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph K Carpenter
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Suzanne L Pineles
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael G Griffin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA
| | - Shivani Pandey
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly Werner
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA
| | - Natalia M Kecala
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, St. Louis, USA
| | - Patricia A Resick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Tara E Galovski
- National Center for PTSD, Women's Health Sciences Division, Boston, MA, USA; Veterans Affairs (VA) Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Ettore E, Müller P, Hinze J, Benoit M, Giordana B, Postin D, Lecomte A, Lindsay H, Robert P, König A. Digital Phenotyping for Differential Diagnosis of Major Depressive Episode: Narrative Review. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e37225. [PMID: 36689265 PMCID: PMC9903183 DOI: 10.2196/37225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive episode (MDE) is a common clinical syndrome. It can be found in different pathologies such as major depressive disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), or even occur in the context of psychological trauma. However, only 1 syndrome is described in international classifications (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition [DSM-5]/International Classification of Diseases 11th Revision [ICD-11]), which do not take into account the underlying pathology at the origin of the MDE. Clinical interviews are currently the best source of information to obtain the etiological diagnosis of MDE. Nevertheless, it does not allow an early diagnosis and there are no objective measures of extracted clinical information. To remedy this, the use of digital tools and their correlation with clinical symptomatology could be useful. OBJECTIVE We aimed to review the current application of digital tools for MDE diagnosis while highlighting shortcomings for further research. In addition, our work was focused on digital devices easy to use during clinical interview and mental health issues where depression is common. METHODS We conducted a narrative review of the use of digital tools during clinical interviews for MDE by searching papers published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases since February 2010. The search was conducted from June to September 2021. Potentially relevant papers were then compared against a checklist for relevance and reviewed independently for inclusion, with focus on 4 allocated topics of (1) automated voice analysis, behavior analysis by (2) video and physiological measures, (3) heart rate variability (HRV), and (4) electrodermal activity (EDA). For this purpose, we were interested in 4 frequently found clinical conditions in which MDE can occur: (1) MDD, (2) BD, (3) PTSD, and (4) psychological trauma. RESULTS A total of 74 relevant papers on the subject were qualitatively analyzed and the information was synthesized. Thus, a digital phenotype of MDE seems to emerge consisting of modifications in speech features (namely, temporal, prosodic, spectral, source, and formants) and in speech content, modifications in nonverbal behavior (head, hand, body and eyes movement, facial expressivity, and gaze), and a decrease in physiological measurements (HRV and EDA). We not only found similarities but also differences when MDE occurs in MDD, BD, PTSD, or psychological trauma. However, comparative studies were rare in BD or PTSD conditions, which does not allow us to identify clear and distinct digital phenotypes. CONCLUSIONS Our search identified markers from several modalities that hold promise for helping with a more objective diagnosis of MDE. To validate their potential, further longitudinal and prospective studies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Ettore
- Department of Psychiatry and Memory Clinic, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Philipp Müller
- Research Department Cognitive Assistants, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Jonas Hinze
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Saarland University Medical Center, Hombourg, Germany
| | - Michel Benoit
- Department of Psychiatry, Hopital Pasteur, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Bruno Giordana
- Department of Psychiatry, Hopital Pasteur, University Hospital of Nice, Nice, France
| | - Danilo Postin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Bad Zwischenahn, Germany
| | - Amandine Lecomte
- Research Department Sémagramme Team, Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique, Nancy, France
| | - Hali Lindsay
- Research Department Cognitive Assistants, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Philippe Robert
- Research Department, Cognition-Behaviour-Technology Lab, University Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Alexandra König
- Research Department Stars Team, Institut national de recherche en informatique et en automatique, Sophia Antipolis - Valbonne, France
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Sarchiapone M, Gramaglia C, Iosue M, Carli V, Mandelli L, Serretti A, Marangon D, Zeppegno P. The association between electrodermal activity (EDA), depression and suicidal behaviour: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:22. [PMID: 29370787 PMCID: PMC5785904 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-017-1551-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electrodermal activity (EDA) and other peripheral autonomic electrical parameters have been used as indicators of emotional states, including depressive states and suicidal state. We aimed to review EDA research systematically, focusing on EDA's usefulness as a biomarker for depression and suicidal behaviour. METHODS We searched MEDLINE, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases, following PRISMA guidelines. The initial screening of articles was based on titles and abstracts; then the full text was reviewed. A preliminary synthesis of findings was developed using tables, thematic analysis and quality ratings. RESULTS 1287 articles were screened and 77 relevant studies were identified and included in the systematic review. The studies were fairly consistent in maintaining that hypoactive electrodermal response is an established feature of patients affected by depression. There is also preliminary evidence that monitoring EDA may help to differentiate the phases of mood disorders. A few studies provided evidence that EDA can be used to differentiate acutely suicidal subjects from depressed patients who are not severely suicidal. Although EDA has been shown to be a valid, sensitive marker of suicidal ideation, suicide attempts and violent suicidal behaviour, it also seems to be influenced to some extent by antidepressant treatment. CONCLUSIONS Most of the studies summarised in this review are quite outdated and employed a variety of designs and methods to evaluate EDA. This limits the generalisability of the results and makes it difficult to draw clear conclusions about the role of EDA in real-world settings. Electrodermal hypoactivity seems to be a reliable feature of depression and a valid marker of suicidal risk. Nevertheless, the potential utility of EDA in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment planning for depression and suicidal behaviour, should be thoroughly studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Sarchiapone
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy.
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, Via di S. Gallicano 25/a, 00153, Rome, Italy.
| | - Carla Gramaglia
- Department of Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Miriam Iosue
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Molise, Via Francesco De Sanctis, 1, 86100, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Vladimir Carli
- National Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention of Mental Ill-Health (NASP), Karolinska Institute, -171 77, Stockholm, SE, Sweden
| | - Laura Mandelli
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, University of Bologna, Via Altura 3, 40139, Bologna, Italy
| | - Debora Marangon
- Institute of Psychiatry, Maggiore della Carità Hospital of Novara, C.so Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Zeppegno
- Department of Translational Medicine, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Institute of Psychiatry, Maggiore della Carità Hospital of Novara, C.so Mazzini 18, 28100, Novara, Italy
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