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Roche KM, White RMB, Partovi R, Vaquera E, Little TD. US Immigration Policy Stressors and Latinx Youth Mental Health. JAMA Pediatr 2024:2818679. [PMID: 38739402 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2024.1153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Importance The youth mental health crisis is exacerbated for Latinx adolescents, a group whose families are targets of anti-immigrant rhetoric and policy. Objective To investigate how immigration-related stressors are associated with disruptions in parent-child relationships and, in turn, the mental health symptoms of Latinx adolescents. Design, Setting, and Participants Data for this prospective cohort study of adolescent-mother dyads were derived from surveys completed at 3 time points spanning 4 years (time 1 [T1] in 2018, time 2 [T2] in 2020, and time 3 [T3] in 2022). Mediation analyses estimated paths from immigration-related stressors to parent-child relationship qualities to mental health symptoms from early to late adolescence. Multivariable and multivariate linear models within a structural equation modeling framework regressed mediators and outcome variables on their own T1 values, offering a scientifically rigorous test of mediation. The setting was a school district in suburban Atlanta, Georgia, and included Latinx adolescents (ages 11-16 years) randomly selected from grade and gender strata. Data were analyzed from June 2023 to March 2024. Exposures The primary independent variables were T1 mother reports of anti-immigrant worry and behavioral modification and adolescent reports of family member detention or deportation. Mediating variables were the reports of parental support and parent-child conflict of T2 adolescents. Main Outcomes and Measures T3 adolescent reports of past 6-month internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Results A total of 547 Latinx adolescents (mean [SD] age, 13.3 [1.0] years; 303 female [55.4%]; 244 male [44.6%]) were included in this study. Response rates were 65.2% (547 of 839) among contacted parents and 95.3% (547 of 574) among contacted adolescents with parental permission. Four-year retention rates were 67% (366 of 547 adolescents) and 65% (177 of 271 mothers). Structural model results showed that T1 anti-immigrant worry and behavioral modification was associated with T3 increases in externalizing symptoms indirectly through T1 to T2 increases in parent-child conflict (β = 0.03; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.08). For girls, T1 family member deportation or detention was associated with T1 to T3 increases in internalizing and externalizing symptoms indirectly through T1 to T2 declines in parental support (internalizing: β = 0.04; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.08; externalizing: β = 0.03; SE = 0.02; 95% CI, 0-0.07). Sensitivity analyses supported structural model findings. Conclusion and Relevance Results of this cohort study suggest that legislative bodies, the health care system, and educational institutions should implement safeguards to mitigate potential harm conferred by anti-immigrant environments for parent-child relationships and, in turn, Latinx adolescents' mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Roche
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Rebecca M B White
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe
| | - Roushanac Partovi
- Department of Prevention and Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Elizabeth Vaquera
- Department of Sociology and Trachtenberg School of Public Policy and Public Administration, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Todd D Little
- Educational Psychology and Leadership, Lubbock, Texas
- East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
- North-West University of South Africa, South Africa
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Goldschmidt L, Richardson GA, Day NL, De Genna NM. Change in marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood and its relation to gestational alcohol and marijuana exposure. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2023; 99:107287. [PMID: 37437668 PMCID: PMC10530519 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2023.107287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many studies have examined changes in marijuana use across adolescence, but few have examined factors associated with transitions from adolescence to young adulthood. We examined prenatal exposures to alcohol and marijuana and adolescent risk and protective factors that best distinguished among abstinence, continuity, or cessation of marijuana use from 16 to 22 years. METHOD Data were from the Maternal Health Practices and Child Development Project at the prenatal and 16- and 22-year follow-up phases. The offspring were of lower socioeconomic status with an average of 12.8 years of education at 22 years. Participants' frequency and quantity of marijuana use over the past year were used to determine change in use. A discriminant analysis was applied to distinguish among the identified groups. The risk factors considered included prenatal substance exposures and age 16 demographics, behavior, and home environment. RESULT Four categories of transitions were defined based on marijuana use from 16 to 22 years: non-users (n = 193), stop/decrease (n = 81), continue at same level/increase (n = 125), and initiation after the 16-year phase (n = 122). The factors that best distinguished among these groups were peers' marijuana use, delinquency, caregivers' financial strain, prenatal exposure to alcohol and marijuana, and race. CONCLUSION Prenatal alcohol and marijuana exposure were significantly related to transitions of marijuana use from adolescence to young adulthood, controlling for peers' use, behavior problems, and home environment. While gestational marijuana exposure was associated with early initiation/increasing use, alcohol exposure was related to later initiation. The findings emphasize the long-term effects of prenatal exposure to alcohol and marijuana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidush Goldschmidt
- Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA.
| | - Gale A Richardson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Nancy L Day
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Natacha M De Genna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
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Lee JY, Lee SJ, Volling BL, Grogan-Kaylor AC. Examining mechanisms linking economic insecurity to interparental conflict among couples with low income. FAMILY RELATIONS 2023; 72:1158-1185. [PMID: 37346744 PMCID: PMC10281744 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Objective The current study used the family stress model to test the mechanisms by which economic insecurity contributes to mothers' and fathers' mental health and couples' relationship functioning. Background Although low household income has been a focus of poverty research, material hardship-defined as everyday challenges related to making ends meet including difficulties paying for housing, utilities, food, or medical care-is common among American families. Methods Participants were from the Building Strong Families project. Couples were racially diverse (43.52% Black; 28.88% Latinx; 17.29% White; 10.31% Other) and living with low income (N = 2,794). Economic insecurity included income poverty and material hardship. Bayesian mediation analysis was employed, taking advantage of the prior evidence base of the family stress model. Results Material hardship, but not income poverty, predicted higher levels of both maternal and paternal depressive symptoms. Only paternal depressive symptoms were linked with higher levels of destructive interparental conflict (i.e., moderate verbal aggression couples use that could be harmful to the partner relationship). Mediation analysis confirmed that material hardship operated primarily through paternal depressive symptoms in its association with destructive interparental conflict. Conclusion The economic stress of meeting the daily material needs of the family sets the stage for parental mental health problems that carry over to destructive interparental conflict, especially through paternal depressive symptoms. Implications Family-strengthening programs may want to consider interventions to address material hardship (e.g., comprehensive needs assessments, connections to community-based resources, parents' employment training) as part of their efforts to address parental mental health and couples' destructive conflict behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Y. Lee
- College of Social Work, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Shawna J. Lee
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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Kuitunen-Paul S, Basedow LA, Roessner V, Golub Y. Study protocol: the pragmatic, exploratory DELTA-JU trial of the group-based multimodal DELTA intervention for abstinent adolescents with substance use disorders living in youth welfare institutions. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1025347. [PMID: 37383612 PMCID: PMC10298162 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1025347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The DELTA intervention contains 16 weekly group sessions plus additional individual sessions and educational session for parents. It aims to reduce substance use and related problems such as substance use disorders (SUD) in adolescents. Recent results indicated positive effects in psychiatric outpatients. Conducting DELTA in youth welfare settings seems feasible, however, organizational and content adjustments such as smoking cessation elements should be added in order to reduce relapse risks and to prevent negative health consequences. Methods/design The pre-registered DELTA-JU study (German Clinical Trials Register, DRKS00027913) is separated into three stages: In the adjustment stage during months 1-4, we will revise the DELTA manual based on semi-structured interviews (n = 10) with personnel from youth welfare institutions specialized in serving adolescents with SUD in the study region, analyzed with content analysis. In the sampling stage during months 5-22, participants qualifying for a SUD and willing to regularly participate in the 16 weekly DELTA-JU group sessions will be enrolled to either one of two arms (cluster randomization: immediate intervention, waitlist with subsequent intervention 16 weeks later). Adolescents will be assessed at baseline and follow-up (16 weeks after first group session) with an additional pre-assessment (16 weeks before intervention starts) for the waitlist group. Assessment procedures include questionnaires and clinical interviews among others. At the same time, institutional personnel will receive a 1-day workshop on SUD-relevant topics based on the DELTA parental education group and on feedback from the qualitative interviews. Personnel will also be assessed twice with questionnaires. In the dissemination stage during months 23-24, final study evaluation results will be prepared and submitted for publication. Discussion This study will create a setting-specific manual for vulnerable adolescents suffering from SUDs, and, in many cases, from co-occurring mental disorders. If shown to be effective, DELTA-JU can be disseminated within other institutions of youth welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sören Kuitunen-Paul
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Chair of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Behavioral and Social Sciences, Technische Universität Chemnitz, Chemnitz, Germany
| | - Lukas A. Basedow
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Psychology, Philipps-University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Veit Roessner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yulia Golub
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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Ye WY, Dou K, Wang LX, Lin XQ, Zhang MC. Longitudinal association between interparental conflict and risk-taking behavior among Chinese adolescents: testing a moderated mediation model. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2023; 17:5. [PMID: 36627661 PMCID: PMC9830742 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-023-00556-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interparental conflict has been associated with an increased adolescents' engagement in risk-taking behaviors. However, few studies have examined the potential mediation of deviant peer affiliation and the potential moderation of school climate. Grounded in the ecological system theory, this study aimed to explore the mediating role of deviant peer affiliation and the moderating role of school climate between the association of interparental conflict and risk-taking behavior. METHODS This study conducted a longitudinal design (3 time points, 3 months apart) with the sample comprising 550 middle school students in southeastern China (52.91% males; mean age at Time 1 = 15.37). The performed measurements encompassed interparental conflict (T1), deviant peer affiliation (T2), school climate (T3), risk-taking behavior (T1/T2/T3), and demographic information. RESULTS The moderated mediation model revealed that after controlling for T1/T2 risk-taking behavior, T1 interparental conflict was longitudinally and positively correlated with T3 risk-taking behavior through T2 deviant peer affiliation. Furthermore, moderated mediation analysis demonstrated that a positive school climate ameliorated the adverse impact of deviant peer affiliation on risk-taking behavior, thereby mitigating the indirect effect of interparental conflict on risk-taking behavior among adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our findings propose a nuanced explanation of the processing mechanisms between interparental conflict and risk-taking behaviors among Chinese adolescents. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yu Ye
- grid.411863.90000 0001 0067 3588Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 230, Waihuan Road West, Panyu District, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kai Dou
- Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 230, Waihuan Road West, Panyu District, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lin-Xin Wang
- grid.20513.350000 0004 1789 9964Beijing Key Laboratory of Applied Experimental Psychology, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education (Beijing Normal University), Institute of Developmental Psychology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Qi Lin
- Jieyang NO.1 High School Rongjiang New Town Campus, Student development center, Rongjing Road, Yuhu Town, Rongcheng District, Jieyang, Guangdong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ming-Chen Zhang
- grid.411863.90000 0001 0067 3588Department of Psychology and Research Center of Adolescent Psychology and Behavior, School of Education, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, 230, Waihuan Road West, Panyu District, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Rudolphi JM, Berg RL. Mental health of agricultural adolescents and adults: Preliminary results of a five-year study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1056487. [PMID: 36935670 PMCID: PMC10018023 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1056487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Work-related stressors common to agriculture have been associated with adverse mental health outcomes among adult farmers and ranchers. However, the mental health status of agricultural youth is unknown, despite farm and ranch youth being exposed to the same occupational hazards as their adult counterparts. The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety among farm adults and their adolescent child and examine the correlation between symptoms of mental health conditions and financial indicators described in the Family Stress Model (FSM). Methods Farm families were recruited to participate in online surveys by mail, email, and social media. One adolescent and at least one adult from each family were invited to complete on online survey. Where available, validated instruments were used to collect mental health, stress, family dynamics, and household financial variables. Descriptive statistics were used to describe sample demographics and prevalence of symptoms of depression and anxiety. Pearson correlations describe associations between variables within the Family Stress Model. Results Farm families (N = 122) completed the online survey. The mean age of farm parents was 41.4 years (SD = 4.4) and the mean age of farm adolescents was 15.4 (1.2). A majority of farm parents and farm adolescents were male, 58.2% and 70.5%, respectively. The sample was primarily white, non-Hispanic. In this sample of farm parents and adolescents alike, 60% met the criteria for at least mild depression, based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Patient Health Questionnaire-A (PHQ-A). Similarly, among adolescents, 45.1% met the criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), as did 54.9% of adults. As a measure of economic hardship, per capita income by itself showed relatively low correlations, even with other economic measures (r = 0.11 with negative financial events, r = 0.20 with financial needs, r = 0.17 with financial situation, and r = 0.27 with debt). Parent depressed mood was in turn highly associated with adolescent depression (r = 0.83), social anxiety (r = 0.54), and generalized anxiety (r = 0.69). Conclusions The results show a strong association between parent and adolescent mental health and parental depressed mood and debt. There is not a clear association between economic stress and mental health in this sample, but further work is needed to be done at a population level. Preliminary results are promising for application of the full Family Stress Model as we continue to accrue farm families into the study cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josie M. Rudolphi
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- *Correspondence: Josie M. Rudolphi
| | - Richard L. Berg
- Research Computing and Analytics, Marshfield Clinic Research Institute, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, United States
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Weidmann R, Atherton OE, Robins RW. Bidirectional associations between self-esteem and relational aggression from 5th to 11th grade. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221141581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
A widely held belief among laypeople and psychologists suggests that self-esteem and relational aggression (i.e., perpetration and victimization) are associated over time. The present study examines the bidirectional associations between self-esteem and relational aggression across 6 years, using two types of longitudinal models (latent cross-lagged panel models and latent random intercepts cross-lagged panel models) to separate between- and within-person effects. Six hundred and seventy-four Mexican-origin youth reported their global and domain-specific self-esteem and relational aggression (perpetration and victimization) in the fifth, seventh, ninth, and eleventh grades. Our findings suggest that: (a) being a perpetrator is prospectively associated with later lower opposite-sex relationships self-esteem at the between-person level, (b) lower self-esteem in the domain of honesty-trustworthiness is prospectively associated with becoming a perpetrator and a victim at the within- and between-person level, (c) lower global self-esteem is prospectively associated with higher victimization at the between-person level, and (d) being victimized is not prospectively associated with later global or domain-specific self-esteem, at neither the within- nor the between-person level. The present study provides little evidence for the widely held belief about the bidirectional associations between self-esteem and relational aggression across time but demonstrates the complexity of these associations on the between- and within-person level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebekka Weidmann
- Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Senior Adjunct Researcher, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Richard W Robins
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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Woloshchuk CJ, Frietze GA, Cooper TV. Cultural and psychosocial moderators of the association between adverse childhood experiences and alcohol and marijuana use among Latinx college students on the U.S./Mexico border. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2022; 133:105859. [PMID: 36054999 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2022.105859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been historically associated with negative life outcomes among the general population. OBJECTIVE With limited research among Latinx college students, this study assessed how specific constructs moderate the association between ACEs and alcohol and marijuana use. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Latinx participants recruited from a large U.S./Mexico border region university (Females: N = 283, Males: N = 168) completed an online survey which included: demographics, the Center for Youth Wellness Adverse Childhood Experience Questionnaire (CYW ACE-Q) Teen Self-Report, Drug Use Frequency (DUF), Experiences in Close Relationships Scale (ECR), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSE), Attitudinal Familism Scale (AFS), The Machismo Measure or The Marianismo Beliefs Scale (MBS), and The Bicultural Self-Efficacy Scale (BSE). METHODS Hierarchical linear regressions were conducted to test for main and interactive effects and to determine if the individual moderators (i.e., attachment style, self-efficacy, familism, traditional gender norms, bicultural self-efficacy) affect the relationship between ACEs and alcohol and marijuana use. RESULTS Results indicated that among females, attachment style (β = 0.04, p = .03), MBS (β = -65.57, p = .01), and BSE (β = 0.34, p = .04) moderate the relationship between ACEs and alcohol and marijuana use. No moderation analyses were statistically significant among males. CONCLUSIONS Clinical implications include, for both substance use and trauma treatment among Latinx college students, the assessment of ACEs and attachment style to promote greater insight into the client's inner struggles and emotional processing in relation to marianismo beliefs and bicultural self-efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia J Woloshchuk
- California School of Professional Psychology, Alliant International University, 10455 Pomerado Rd, San Diego, CA 92131, USA
| | | | - Theodore V Cooper
- Prevention and Treatment of Clinical Health Laboratory, Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave, El Paso, TX 79968, USA.
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Song J, Ip KI, Yan J, Lui PP, Kamata A, Kim SY. Pathways linking ethnic discrimination and drug-using peer affiliation to underage drinking status among Mexican-origin adolescents. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2022; 30:609-619. [PMID: 34242039 PMCID: PMC8861974 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Using a three-wave longitudinal data set of Mexican-origin adolescents (N = 602, Mage = 12.92, SD = 0.91 at Wave 1), this study examines parallel pathways from early exposure to ethnic discrimination and drug-using peers, separately, to underage drinking status by late adolescence. Negative affect was expected to mediate the link from ethnic discrimination to underage drinking status (the stress-induced pathway), whereas social alcohol expectancy was expected to mediate the link from drug-using peers to underage drinking status (the socialization pathway). Our findings lend support to the stress-induced pathway while controlling for the socialization pathway. For the stress-induced pathway, we found that early ethnic discrimination experiences were related to higher likelihood of having engaged in underage drinking by late adolescence through elevated negative affect sustained across adolescence. For the socialization pathway, we found no association between affiliation with drug-using peers in early adolescence and underage drinking status, either directly or indirectly. Present findings highlight the unique role of early ethnic discrimination experiences in underage drinking among Mexican-origin adolescents, over and above the effect of drug-using peers. Alcohol use interventions targeting ethnic minority adolescents should account for adolescents' ethnic discrimination experiences by helping adolescents develop adaptive coping strategies to handle negative affect induced by discrimination (e.g., reappraisal) rather than using alcohol to self-medicate. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiu Song
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | - Ka I. Ip
- Department of Psychology, Yale University
| | - Jinjin Yan
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
| | | | | | - Su Yeong Kim
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas at Austin
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Boyer CJ, Ugarte E, Buhler‐Wassmann AC, Hibel LC. Latina mothers navigating COVID-19: Within- and between-family stress processes over time. FAMILY RELATIONS 2022; 72:FARE12748. [PMID: 36246208 PMCID: PMC9538364 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to understand how periodic shifts in financial cutbacks and fears of contracting COVID-19 contributed to children's externalizing behaviors due to increases in maternal stress among low-income Latina mothers during the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. Background The COVID-19 pandemic caused widespread health, economic, and psychological consequences for families and children. The Latino community is particularly vulnerable to the economic and health risks of this pandemic as a consequence of systemic oppression. The family stress model suggests that these family stressors will have psychological repercussions to parents, and downstream behavioral consequences to children. Method We examined both the within- and between-person impacts of worry surrounding contracting the virus and the economic consequences of the pandemic on maternal stress and child externalizing behaviors. Participants were 73 Latina mothers who completed assessments an average eight times across the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic. At each assessment time, the mother was asked about worries surrounding contracting the virus, economic cutbacks the family was making, her perceived stress, and her child's externalizing behaviors during a brief phone call. Results Between-families, higher economic cutbacks indirectly increased child externalizing behaviors through maternal stress. The within-family model revealed that at assessments when mothers expressed greater worry about contracting the COVID-19 virus, they also reported greater stress. Further, at the within-person level, a mother's greater experience of stress was associated with greater reports of child externalizing behaviors, though the indirect association between COVID-19 contract worry and child externalizing behaviors through maternal stress was not significant. Conclusions Across the first 10 months of the COVID-19 pandemic, the children in Latino families participating in this research exhibited more externalizing behaviors among families that engaged in more financial cutbacks as a function maternal stress. However, periodic spikes in Latina mothers' fears of contracting COVID-19 contributed to periodic spikes in stress, which predicted periodic spikes in child externalizing behaviors. Implications Greater effort toward social policy that provides economic support for vulnerable families before periods of increased societal stress and greater protections for workers with limited sick leave and schedule flexibility will help promote resilience to future crises among low-income Latino families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chase J. Boyer
- Department of Human EcologyUniversity of California–DavisDavis, CA
| | - Elisa Ugarte
- Department of Human EcologyUniversity of California–DavisDavis, CA
| | | | - Leah C. Hibel
- Department of Human EcologyUniversity of California–DavisDavis, CA
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Espinosa-Hernandez G, Noel NE, Vasilenko SA, McCrimmon J, Moran AH. Associations between parental and adolescent alcohol use: The role of gender and familism support. J Adolesc 2022; 94:1035-1040. [PMID: 35880299 DOI: 10.1002/jad.12077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examined the role of gender and familism support in the associations between parental and adolescent drinking behaviors in a sample of Mexican adolescents. METHOD Mexican adolescents (49% girls; N = 724) aged 12-19 completed measures assessing familism support, self-reported drinking behaviors, and perceptions of parental drinking behaviors. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Findings suggest that both gender and familism support moderate the relationship between parental drinking behaviors and adolescent drinking behaviors. For instance, the association between mothers' alcohol use frequency and adolescent binge drinking was stronger for girls. In contrast, the association between fathers' amount per drinking day and adolescent binge drinking was stronger for boys. Mother's amount per drinking day was associated with less alcohol use per drinking day among adolescents reporting high familism support. The current study expands our understanding of parental modeling on Mexican adolescent drinking behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nora E Noel
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
| | - Sara A Vasilenko
- Human Development and Family Science, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Jordyn McCrimmon
- Department of Psychology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| | - Angel Hernandez Moran
- Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina Wilmington, Wilmington, North Carolina, USA
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12
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Roche KM, Huebner DM, Lambert SF, Little TD. COVID-19 Stressors and Latinx Adolescents' Mental Health Symptomology and School Performance: A Prospective Study. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:1031-1047. [PMID: 35381907 PMCID: PMC8983080 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01603-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study addressed the need for research examining impacts of the Coronavirus-19 (COVID) pandemic on Latinx adolescents’ adjustment. Survey data for a probability sample of 547 Latinx adolescents (Mage = 13.71, SD = 0.86; 55.2% female) were collected from 2018 to 2021, including two times both prior to, and during, COVID. Independent variables assessed COVID-related household hospitalization, job/income loss, and adolescents’ increased childcare responsibility. Structural Equation Model results indicated that COVID-related increases in adolescent childcare responsibility were associated with increased internalizing and externalizing symptoms and declines in school performance. COVID hospitalization and job/income loss were associated indirectly, through childcare responsibilities, to worse adolescent outcomes. Family adversities may harm adolescents’ adjustment by burdening adolescents with responsibilities such caring for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Roche
- Department of Prevention & Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA.
| | - David M Huebner
- Department of Prevention & Community Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University, 950 New Hampshire Ave, Suite 300, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Sharon F Lambert
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Todd D Little
- Department of Educational Psychology, Leadership and Counseling, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
- Optentia Research Focus Area, North-West University, Vanderbijlpark, South Africa
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Mekonnen GB, Debeb SG, Getaw NS, Kifle ZD. Self-Reported Sedative Drug Use Among Students Attending at University of Gondar, Gondar, Northwest, Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Subst Abuse Rehabil 2021; 12:49-57. [PMID: 34429683 PMCID: PMC8378893 DOI: 10.2147/sar.s324098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical students experience significant psychological stress and are therefore at higher risk of using sedatives. There are currently no studies describing the prevalence of sedative drug use among medical students in Ethiopia. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of self-reported sedative drug use among medical students attending the College of Medicine and Health Science (CMHS) students at the University of Gondar (UoG). Material and Methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July 2018 in CMHS at UoG. Data were collected using a pre-tested self-administered standard questionnaire. Data were collected, entered into a computer using Epi Info 7 software, and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Frequency, mean, and standard deviation were used to describe descriptive statistics, and binary and multiple logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between different variables and sedative drug use; P <0.05 was used to declare association. Results Of the 422 students who returned questionnaires, 26 (6.2%) participants were reported sedative drug use at some time since enrollment. Of these, 61.54% participants used antihistamine drugs. Smoking status (AOR (95% CI), 0.046 (0.009–0.241) P = 0.0001), stimulant use (AOR (95% CI), 0.220 (0.062–0.780) P = 0.019), sleeping hour (AOR (95% CI), 9.931 (4.155–14.785) P = 0.001) and sleep disorder (AOR (95% CI), 0.149 (0.033–0.680) P = 0.014) were significantly associated with sedative drug use. Conclusion Self-reported sedative drug use among medical students at the University of Gondar is relatively low, and antihistamines are the most commonly used drugs. Smoking, stimulant use, sleeping hour, and the presence of sleep disorders were associated with sedative drug use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gashaw Binega Mekonnen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Simachew Gidey Debeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Nurahmed Seid Getaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Zemene Demelash Kifle
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Psychosocial Needs of the Parents With Teenagers on Drugs: A Qualitative Study. J Addict Nurs 2021; 32:52-58. [PMID: 33646719 DOI: 10.1097/jan.0000000000000387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dependence on drugs causes several problems for the individual, family, and society. Such problems are more evident in teenagers and deeply affect the parents. Perceiving these parents' problems and needs is a way to help them with such problems and enable them to provide more support to their children. This study is an attempt to elaborate on the psychological needs of the parents with adolescents who use drugs. METHODS The participants were 19 parents with an adolescent with drug use disorder who were selected purposefully. In-depth and semistructured interviews were conducted face-to-face with the participants. All the interviews were recorded and analyzed by conventional content analysis. Guba and Lincoln's four measures of trustworthiness were observed throughout the study. RESULTS Analyses of the interviews revealed three themes, seven categories, and 17 subcategories. The themes were receiving support, need for self-confidence, and need for welfare. CONCLUSION For different reasons, parents of adolescents who use drugs find it incumbent upon themselves to support and treat their adolescents. Given the many problems, these parents need a variety of social, educational, emotional, interpersonal, and financial supports.
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Kim JJ, Fuligni AJ. Psychological Reactivity to Daily Family Experiences During Adolescence: Individual Differences and Developmental Stability. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:820-834. [PMID: 33017512 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined adolescent psychological reactivity to daily family experiences, an important feature of emotion regulation that could have significant implications for psychopathology. A total of 428 Mexican-heritage adolescents (Mage = 15.02 years, range: 13-18 years) completed daily diary checklists for 14 days and again 1 year later. Results revealed that adolescents' family experiences were associated with negative mood, positive mood, and role fulfillment on a daily basis. Only role fulfillment reactivity was stable across 1 year, suggesting instability in individual differences in positive and negative mood reactivity. Sex moderated the relation between positive and negative mood reactivity during the second year of study, with males exhibiting broad psychological reactivity to daily family experiences. However, females who experienced higher negative mood reactivity exhibited less positive mood reactivity. Implications for possible sex differences in depression risk during the high school years are discussed.
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Correlates of Expressed Emotion Among Family Members of Individuals Who Sought Treatment for Opioid Use. J Nerv Ment Dis 2020; 208:870-875. [PMID: 32773612 DOI: 10.1097/nmd.0000000000001220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Expressed emotion has been robustly associated with negative mental health outcomes. Understanding correlates of expressed emotion by family members of individuals with opioid use disorder is important, as this group faces high levels of stress and can play an important role in their loved ones' treatment. Thus, immediate family members of individuals who sought treatment for opioid problems (N = 195) completed a web-based survey that included measures of expressed emotion, self-stigma, social support, and demographic characteristics. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to examine correlates of two types of expressed emotion-criticism and emotional overinvolvement. Results indicated that higher self-stigma and lower social support were significantly associated with higher emotional overinvolvement. Higher self-stigma and having experienced debt related to a family member's opioid use were associated with higher criticism. Thus, self-stigma and financial burden may exacerbate likelihood of expressed emotion, whereas social support may buffer against expressed emotion.
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Tsai N, Jaeggi SM, Eccles JS, Atherton OE, Robins RW. Predicting Late Adolescent Anxiety From Early Adolescent Environmental Stress Exposure: Cognitive Control as Mediator. Front Psychol 2020; 11:1838. [PMID: 32849080 PMCID: PMC7432129 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Early exposure to stressful life events is associated with greater risk of chronic diseases and mental health problems, including anxiety. However, there is significant variation in how individuals respond to environmental adversity, perhaps due to individual differences in processing and regulating emotional information. Differences in cognitive control – processes necessary for implementing goal directed behavior – have been linked to both stress exposure and anxiety, but the directionality of these links is unclear. The present study investigated the longitudinal pathway of environmental stress exposure during early adolescence on later adolescent anxiety, and the possible mediating mechanism of cognitive control. Participants were 674 Mexican-origin adolescents (meanage = 10.8 years, 50% male) enrolled in the California Families Project, an ongoing longitudinal study of Mexican-origin families. In the current analysis, we examined self-reports of environmental stressors at age 14 (Time 1), cognitive control at age 16 (Time 2), and anxiety at age 18 (Time 3). Structural equation modeling revealed that environmental stressors (Time 1) had both direct and indirect effects on later anxiety (Time 3) through their effects on cognitive control (Time 2), even when accounting for prior levels of anxiety (Time 2). Cognitive control accounted for 18% of the association between environmental stressors and adolescent anxiety: an increase in stressors decreased cognitive control (β = −0.20, p < 0.001), however, cognitive control buffers against anxiety (β = −0.10, p = 0.004). These findings deepen our understanding of the mechanisms underlying the development of anxiety and highlight the importance of cognitive control as a potential protective factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Tsai
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Susanne M Jaeggi
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Jacquelynne S Eccles
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Olivia E Atherton
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Richard W Robins
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, United States
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Sajadi S, Raheb G, Maarefvand M, Alhosseini KA. Family problems associated with conduct disorder perceived by patients, families and professionals. JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND HEALTH PROMOTION 2020; 9:184. [PMID: 32953911 PMCID: PMC7482631 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_110_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Conduct disorder is among the most serious and complex complications in school-aged children. Considering severe problems in the families of children with conduct disorder, this article aimed to investigate such problems in this group. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This qualitative research was conducted on 23 participants in Tehran, Iran. The study participants were selected by purposive sampling technique. Interviewees consisted of children with conduct disorder (8-12 years old), their parents, teachers, and relevant experts. This study is a qualitative research which is a content analysis. The research tools included a checklist of questions approved by experts. The content analysis method was used with the help of MAXQDA software to analyze the obtained data. RESULTS The findings comprised the studied families' issues in five categories. These classes included the parents' marital problems, helplessness, and inability of the family to improve conditions; inappropriate discipline approaches; the family's lack of interest in the treatment; and the family members' mental harms. CONCLUSIONS It is necessary to provide appropriate facilities and health-care centers for the families to reduce the burden of their problems. In addition, a specialist and experienced work team consisting of at least a child psychiatrist, a child psychologist, and a social worker is necessary to serving these families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Sajadi
- Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ghoncheh Raheb
- Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Maarefvand
- Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Abolmaali Alhosseini
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Social Science, Roudehen Branch of Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Family Climate and Life Satisfaction in 12-Year-Old Adolescents in Europe. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12155902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
This research aimed to examine the association between life satisfaction and family climate indicators in 12-year-old European adolescents. Cross-sectional data from the second wave of the Children’s Worlds project—an international survey of children’s lives and well-being—were examined. Specifically, data from participating European countries were analyzed: i.e., Estonia, Spain, Germany, England, Romania, Norway, Poland, and Malta. This sample of 9281 adolescents (50.3% girls) filled in self-report measures of life satisfaction and some indicators of family climate. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were performed by country. Furthermore, a confirmatory model was tested to examine the association between family climate and life satisfaction. The results pointed out that having a good time together with family and being treated fairly by parents/carers were the indicators with the greatest positive effects on life satisfaction. In general, a more positive family climate was associated with higher life satisfaction among 12-year-old adolescents in the participating eight European countries.
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20
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DiGuiseppi GT, Davis JP, Leightley D, Rice E. Predictors of Adolescents' First Episode of Homelessness Following Substance Use Treatment. J Adolesc Health 2020; 66:408-415. [PMID: 32057607 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2019.11.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A growing body of research has identified correlates (i.e., predictors) of youth homelessness. However, such risk and protective factors have not been identified for youth receiving substance use treatment. Using characteristics collected at treatment intake, the present study sought to identify predictors of youths' first episode of homelessness during the 12 months after substance use treatment entry. METHODS Data come from a longitudinal study of adolescents (n = 17,911; aged 12-17 years) receiving substance use treatment throughout the U.S. Participants completed surveys at intake and at 3, 6, and 12 months later. Logistic regression and Lasso machine learning regression were used to predict participants' first episode of homelessness in the 12 months after treatment intake. RESULTS After excluding adolescents reporting previous experiences of homelessness, 5.0% of adolescents reported their first episode of homelessness over the 12 months after treatment intake. The results from logistic and lasso models were generally consistent. Final models revealed that adolescents who were older, male, reported more victimization experiences, mental health problems, family problems, deviant peer relationships, and substance use problems (more treatment episodes and illicit drug dependence) were more likely to report experiencing homelessness. Hispanic/Latino adolescents were less likely to experience homelessness, compared with white adolescents. CONCLUSIONS The results point to the important risk and protective factors that can be assessed at treatment entry to identify adolescents at greater risk of experiencing their first episode of homelessness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham T DiGuiseppi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California.
| | - Jordan P Davis
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Daniel Leightley
- King's Centre for Military Health Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rice
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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Swartz JR, Weissman DG, Ferrer E, Beard SJ, Fassbender C, Robins RW, Hastings PD, Guyer AE. Reward-Related Brain Activity Prospectively Predicts Increases in Alcohol Use in Adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2020; 59:391-400. [PMID: 31173884 PMCID: PMC6891148 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2019.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Altered activity within reward-related neural regions, including the ventral striatum (VS) and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), is associated with concurrent problematic substance use. The aims of the present study were (a) to identify patterns of reward-related neural activity that prospectively predicted changes in alcohol use 2 years after magnetic resonance imaging in a sample of adolescents, and (b) to examine whether these patterns differed by sex. We also tested whether depression symptoms or impulsivity mediated associations between neural activity and future alcohol use. METHOD Participants were 262 adolescents (129 male and 133 female) of Mexican origin who completed the Monetary Incentive Delay task during a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan at age 16. Participants reported on their alcohol use at ages 16 and 18. RESULTS Results indicated that different patterns of reward-related neural activity predicted future increases in alcohol use for male and female adolescents. In boys, higher VS activity during reward anticipation and average ventral mPFC activity during reward feedback predicted increases in alcohol use from age 16 to 18 years; in girls, higher dorsal mPFC activity and blunted VS activity during reward anticipation predicted increases in alcohol use from age 16 to 18 years. Depression symptoms or impulsivity did not mediate these associations. CONCLUSION The results suggest that different pathways of risk may lead to problematic alcohol use for adolescent boys and girls. These sex differences in neural risk pathways have important implications for prevention and intervention approaches targeting Mexican-origin youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David G Weissman
- University of California, Davis; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Sarah J Beard
- University of California, Davis; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
| | | | | | - Paul D Hastings
- University of California, Davis; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
| | - Amanda E Guyer
- University of California, Davis; Center for Mind and Brain, University of California, Davis
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Andrade M, Pereyra SB, Yang C. The direct and indirect effects of family and school-related factors on Latino adolescent substance use. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2019; 20:647-672. [PMID: 31679462 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2019.1685050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Latino adolescents continue to have high usages of alcohol and other harmful substances when compared with other ethnic groups (Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, 2005; Telzer, Gonzales, & Fuligni, 2014). This study focuses on the direct and indirect effects of family and school-related factors that impact Latino adolescent substance use comparing male and female groups. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze the relationship between maternal monitoring knowledge, the adolescent-teacher relationship, family stress and substance use through academic achievement and school engagement mediators using data from 359 Latino boys and 480 Latina girls from a West Texas area school district. Results indicated that maternal monitoring knowledge was negatively associated with substance use while family stress was positively associated with substance use. Gender differences were found between the influence of maternal monitoring knowledge and academic achievement and among other indirect paths to substance use. Academic achievement completely mediated the relationship between the adolescent-teacher relationship and substance use for both genders while school engagement was also found to be a significant mediator for girls and not boys. Implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Andrade
- College Counseling Program, California State University, Fresno, California
| | - Sergio B Pereyra
- Department of Counselor Education and Rehabilitation, Kremen School of Education, California State University, Fresno, California
| | - Chongming Yang
- Family Home and Social Sciences (FHSS) Research Support Center, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah
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Afia K, Dion E, Dupéré V, Archambault I, Toste J. Parenting practices during middle adolescence and high school dropout. J Adolesc 2019; 76:55-64. [PMID: 31470277 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2019.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite inconclusive findings, educational researchers have long considered adequate parenting practices instrumental in preventing high school dropout among adolescents. The present short-term retrospective study focuses on parenting practices during middle adolescence when dropout typically occurs. METHODS The culturally diverse, high-risk sample of Canadian adolescents (N = 108; Mage = 16.0 years) from low-income neighborhoods included very recent dropouts and matched still-in-school students. A global score reflecting the quality of parenting practices during the period preceding dropout (or comparable period) was derived from adolescents' answers to a well-established structured interview protocol. Transcripts of interviews were also used to identify the potentially disruptive challenges (e.g., parental incarceration) that families faced. RESULTS Results show a robust relationship between current parenting practices and dropout that was not moderated by challenging family circumstances or immigration history. Descriptive findings indicate that extreme and relatively rare cases of parental neglect were associated with a high dropout risk, but that most dropouts lived in families where communication and supervision, although not entirely absent, were minimal. CONCLUSION Offering systematic support to parents of middle adolescents could help to prevent dropout in high-risk communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamel Afia
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Université de Montréal, Canada
| | - Eric Dion
- Université du Québec à Montréal, Université de Montréal, Canada.
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Schroeder KM, Bámaca-Colbert MY, Robins RW. Becoming more egalitarian: A longitudinal examination of Mexican-origin adolescents' gender role attitudes. Dev Psychol 2019; 55:2311-2323. [PMID: 31436457 DOI: 10.1037/dev0000811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The current study examined the trajectory of gender role attitudes of 471 Mexican-origin adolescents (236 girls, 235 boys) from 5th grade (Mage = 10.86 years) to 11th grade (Mage = 16.75 years), investigating how situating identities (i.e., gender, nativity, SES), ethnic identity (i.e., ethnic pride), and familial context (i.e., parents' attitudes) contributed to adolescents' gender role attitudes across time. Participant interviews were conducted every other year, resulting in 4 waves of data. Most parents (96%) were Mexico natives, with an average immigration age of 18.16 years for fathers and 14.01 years for mothers. Results revealed linear and quadratic trends in gender attitude traditionality for all adolescents, characterized by a linear decline through age 16 years that leveled off through age 18 years. Although both girls and boys trended toward egalitarian gender role attitudes across adolescence, girls endorsed more egalitarian attitudes than did boys. Adolescents from higher-SES backgrounds endorsed more egalitarian attitudes than those from lower-SES backgrounds. Significant within-person effects of ethnic pride surfaced, such that children with higher levels of ethnic pride at any given time also reported more traditional gender role attitudes. Significant between-person effects of mothers' and fathers' attitudes were found, such that parents with more traditional gender role attitudes tended to have children with relatively more traditional gender role attitudes. Overall, these findings highlight the importance of studying gender development in conjunction with situating identities, cultural identities, and the broader context, particularly when children are embedded in multiple cultures with contrasting gender role expectations. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Johnson AK, Fulco CJ, Augustyn MB. Intergenerational continuity in alcohol misuse: Maternal alcohol use disorder and the sequelae of maternal and family functioning. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:442-456. [PMID: 31246069 PMCID: PMC6684482 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Early onset of alcohol use is associated with a host of detrimental outcomes. As such, understanding the complex etiology of early onset alcohol use for prevention purposes is an important goal. Specific environmental stressors within the family (i.e., financial stress, negative parental well-being and negative family climate) heighten the risk of early onset alcohol use; however, the extent to which these factors are set in motion by prior maternal history of alcohol misuse has yet to be investigated. We used prospective, longitudinal data from 385 mother-child dyads to examine the link between a maternal alcohol use disorder and her child's early onset of alcohol use through the sequelae of maternal financial strain, maternal depressive symptoms, maternal excessive alcohol use, and negative family climate. Results indicate that a maternal alcohol use disorder itself, and the confluence of a maternal alcohol use disorder, subsequent financial strain, and depressive symptoms produce a negative family climate. In turn, a negative family climate increases the likelihood of alcohol use by the age of 15 among offspring. Moreover, we demonstrate that the cascade of consequences on maternal and family functioning linking a maternal alcohol use disorder to her child's early onset of alcohol use is proximal in nature, unfolding concurrently rather than in yearly spans of time. We discuss the implications of these findings with respect to the etiology of early onset alcohol use (and extant theoretical models) and prevention programming. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Wang W, Luo M, Xi C, Lei Y, Pan S, Gao X, Xu Y, Huang G, Deng X, Guo L, Lu C. Cross-sectional study on influence of the family environment on the lifetime non-medical use of prescription drugs among Chinese adolescents in Guangdong: an analysis of sex differences. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e026758. [PMID: 31278096 PMCID: PMC6615848 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-026758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to assess if adolescents had used any prescription drugs non-medically, to explore the associations between the family environment and non-medical use of prescription drugs (NMUPD) and to investigate whether there are any sex differences in the aforementioned associations. DESIGN A population-based cross-sectional study. SETTING A secondary analysis of the cross-sectional data collected from high school students in Guangdong who were sampled using a multistage, stratified-cluster, random-sampling method in the 2015 School-based Chinese Adolescents Health Survey. PARTICIPANTS A total of 21 774 students aged 12-20 years. DATA ANALYSIS Multilevel logistic regression models were used to explore the univariable and multivariable relationship between family environment and NMUPD among adolescents. Adjusted ORs and corresponding 95% CI were calculated. OUTCOME MEASURES Questions regarding to adolescent' NMUPD (including sedative, opioid and stimulant) were surveyed in the study. RESULTS A total of 6.3% students reported lifetime NMUPD in this study. The most commonly used drugs were opioids (3.9%), followed by sedatives (3.2%) and stimulants (2.5%). Multilevel analyses indicated that living arrangements, family economic status, parental relationships, parental education levels, monthly pocket money, parental drinking and drug problems were significantly correlated to the NMUPD among all students. Among boys, living arrangements, family economic status, maternal education levels, monthly pocket money, parental drinking and drug problems were significantly related to different types of NMUPD. The same factors were related to girls' NMUPD, except for maternal education levels. Parental relationships and paternal education levels were also associated with girls' NMUPD. CONCLUSION The family environment exerts an important influence on adolescents' NMUPD. Interventions targeted at families are highly recommended considering the negative effects of NMUPD. In addition, the child's sex might be taken into consideration when developing and implementing preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxin Wang
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Luo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuhao Xi
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiling Lei
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Siyuan Pan
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Department of Drug Abuse Control, Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Drug Abuse Control, Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guoliang Huang
- Department of Drug Abuse Control, Center for ADR Monitoring of Guangdong, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueqing Deng
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lan Guo
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - CiYong Lu
- Department of Medical Statistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Calzada EJ, Sales A, O’Gara JL. Maternal depression and acculturative stress impacts on Mexican-origin children through authoritarian parenting. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 63:65-75. [PMID: 38283664 PMCID: PMC10817747 DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Depression and acculturative stress are common among Latina mothers, yet little is known about how these variables are related to parenting practices and in turn, to the mental health functioning of their young children. The present study used a sample of Mexican-origin mothers of 3- to 6-year-old children (N = 175) to test a model of maternal depression and acculturative stress as predictors of child internalizing and externalizing problems, mediated by authoritarian and authoritative parenting practices. Results showed that maternal depressive symptoms and acculturative stress were associated with child internalizing, but not externalizing, problems. Only authoritarian practices mediated these associations. Results highlight the importance of considering sociocultural context in the study of child mental health in Mexican-origin populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J. Calzada
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd., Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Adam Sales
- College of Education, University of Texas at Austin, 1912 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
| | - Jaimie L. O’Gara
- Steve Hicks School of Social Work, University of Texas at Austin, 1925 San Jacinto Blvd., Austin, TX 78712, United States of America
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