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Mo L, Li S, Cheng S, Li Y, Xu F, Zhang D. Emotion regulation of social pain: double dissociation of lateral prefrontal cortices supporting reappraisal and distraction. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2023; 18:nsad043. [PMID: 37676260 PMCID: PMC10484058 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsad043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) are both crucial regions involved in voluntary emotion regulation. However, it remains unclear whether the two regions show functional specificity for reappraisal and distraction. This study employed transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) to explore, in a real social interactive scenario, whether different lateral prefrontal regions play relatively specific roles in downregulating social pain via reappraisal and distraction. Participants initially took part in a social interactive game, followed by receiving either active (the DLPFC- or VLPFC-activated group, n = 100 per group) or control (the vertex-activated group, n = 100) TMS session. They were then instructed to use both distraction and reappraisal strategies to downregulate any negative emotions evoked by the social evaluation given by their peers who interacted with them previously. Results demonstrated that the TMS-activated DLPFC has a greater beneficial effect during distraction, whereas the activated VLPFC has a greater beneficial effect during reappraisal. This result investigated the direct experience of social pain and extended previous findings on empathy-related responses to affective pictures while also controlling for confounding factors such as empathic concern. Therefore, we are now confident in the double dissociation proposal of the DLPFC and VLPFC in distraction and reappraisal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Licheng Mo
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Sijin Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Si Cheng
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yiwei Li
- School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Shenzhen Yingchi Technology Co., Ltd, Shenzhen 518057, China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Institute of Brain and Psychological Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610066, China
- China Center for Behavioral Economics and Finance, School of Economics, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu 611130, China
- Shenzhen-Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science, Shenzhen 518060, China
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Yin J, Zhou D, Ai D, Sun H, Duan J, Sun Z, Guo X. Event-related potential and behavioural evidence of goal-based expectations for consistent actions among group members. Br J Psychol 2023. [PMID: 36880423 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
PLACEHOLDER TEXT ABSTRACT: People expect group members to act consistently. However, because actions are organized hierarchically, incorporating deep-level goals and shallow-level movements, it remains unclear what level of action is expected to be consistent among group members. We determined that these two levels of action representations can be dissociated in object-directed actions and measured the late positive potential (LPP), which indicates expectation. We found that participants identified a new agent's actions more quickly when this agent pursued a consistent goal while moving in a manner inconsistent with group members than when this agent pursued an inconsistent goal while moving in the same manner as group members. Moreover, this facilitation effect disappeared when the new agent was from a different group, revealing goal-based expectations for consistent actions among group members. The LPP amplitude during the action-expectation phase was greater for agents from the same group than for agents from a different group, suggesting that people implicitly generate clearer action expectations for group members than for other individuals. Additionally, the behavioural facilitation effect was observed when the goal of actions was clearly identifiable (i.e. performing rational actions to reach an external target) rather than when there was no clear association between actions and external targets (i.e. performing irrational actions). The LPP amplitude during the action-expectation phase was greater after observing rational actions than after observing irrational actions performed by two agents from the same group, and the expectation-related increase in LPP predicted the behavioural measurements of the facilitation effect. Hence, the behavioural and event-related potential evidence suggest that people implicitly expect group members to behave consistently according to goals rather than movements per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yin
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Center of Group Behavior and Social Psychological Service, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Center of Group Behavior and Social Psychological Service, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Danfeng Ai
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Center of Group Behavior and Social Psychological Service, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Hongli Sun
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Center of Group Behavior and Social Psychological Service, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Jipeng Duan
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Center of Group Behavior and Social Psychological Service, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Zhongqiang Sun
- Department of Psychology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China.,Center of Group Behavior and Social Psychological Service, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiuyan Guo
- Fudan Institute on Ageing, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Del Popolo Cristaldi F, Mento G, Buodo G, Sarlo M. Emotion regulation strategies differentially modulate neural activity across affective prediction stages: An HD-EEG investigation. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 16:947063. [PMID: 35990725 PMCID: PMC9388773 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2022.947063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation (ER) strategies can influence how affective predictions are constructed by the brain (generation stage) to prearrange action (implementation stage) and update internal models according to incoming stimuli (updating stage). However, neurocomputational mechanisms by which this is achieved are unclear. We investigated through high-density EEG if different ER strategies (expressive suppression vs. cognitive reappraisal) predicted event-related potentials (ERPs) and brain source activity across affective prediction stages, as a function of contextual uncertainty. An S1-S2 paradigm with emotional faces and pictures as S1s and S2s was presented to 36 undergraduates. Contextual uncertainty was manipulated across three blocks with 100, 75, or 50% S1-S2 affective congruency. The effects of ER strategies, as assessed through the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, on ERP and brain source activity were tested for each prediction stage through linear mixed-effects models. No ER strategy affected prediction generation. During implementation, in the 75% block, a higher tendency to suppress emotions predicted higher activity in the left supplementary motor area at 1,500-2,000 ms post-stimulus, and smaller amplitude of the Contingent Negative Variation at 2,000-2,500 ms. During updating, in the 75% block, a higher tendency to cognitively reappraise emotions predicted larger P2, Late Positive Potential, and right orbitofrontal cortex activity. These results suggest that both ER strategies interact with the levels of contextual uncertainty by differently modulating ERPs and source activity, and that different strategies are deployed in a moderately predictive context, supporting the efficient updating of affective predictive models only in the context in which model updating occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanni Mento
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Padua Neuroscience Center (PNC), University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giulia Buodo
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Sarlo
- Department of Communication Sciences, Humanities and International Studies, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Neural correlates of emotional reactivity predict response to cognitive-behavioral therapy in obsessive-compulsive disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:398-406. [PMID: 35427712 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Examining predictive biomarkers to identify individuals who will likely benefit from a specific treatment is important for the development of targeted interventions. The late positive potential (LPP) is a neural marker of attention and elaborated stimulus processing, and increased LPP responses to negative stimuli are characteristic of pathological anxiety. The present study investigated whether LPP reactivity would prospectively predict response to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), the first-line treatment for obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). METHODS To this end, the LPP in response to negative as compared to neutral pictures was examined in 45 patients with OCD, who underwent CBT in a naturalistic outpatient setting. LPP amplitudes were used as predictors of symptom reduction after CBT. RESULTS We found that higher LPP amplitudes to negative relative to neutral stimuli were predictive of lower self-reported OCD symptoms after completion of CBT, controlling for pre-treatment symptoms. Further, LPP reactivity was negatively correlated with self-reported habitual use of suppression in everyday life. LIMITATIONS Some participants had already begun treatment at the time of study participation. Overall, results need further replication in larger samples and standardized therapy settings. CONCLUSIONS The current findings suggest that patients with increased emotional reactivity benefit more from CBT, possibly through less avoidance of anxiety-provoking stimuli during exposure with response prevention, a crucial component in CBT for OCD. Although its clinical utility still needs to be evaluated further, the LPP constitutes a promising candidate as a prognostic marker for CBT response in OCD.
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Miraghaie AM, Pouretemad H, Villa AEP, Mazaheri MA, Khosrowabadi R, Lintas A. Electrophysiological Markers of Fairness and Selfishness Revealed by a Combination of Dictator and Ultimatum Games. Front Syst Neurosci 2022; 16:765720. [PMID: 35615426 PMCID: PMC9124946 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2022.765720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Individual behavior during financial decision making is motivated by fairness, but an unanswered question from previous studies is whether particular patterns of brain activity correspond to different profiles of fairness. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 39 participants who played the role of allocators in a Dictator Game (DG) and responders in an Ultimatum Game (UG). Two very homogeneous groups were formed by fair and selfish individuals. At fronto-central cortical sites, the latency of ERP early negativity (N1) was 10 ms shorter in selfish participants than in fair participants. In fair DG players, the subsequent positive wave P2 suggested that more cognitive resources were required when they allocated the least gains to the other party. P2 latency and amplitude in the selfish group supported the hypothesis that these participants tended to maximize their profit. During UG, we observed that medial frontal negativity (MFN) occurred earlier and with greater amplitude when selfish participants rejected less favorable endowment shares. In this case, all players received zero payoffs, which showed that MFN in selfish participants was associated with a spiteful punishment. At posterior-parietal sites, we found that the greater the selfishness, the greater the amplitude of the late positive component (LPC). Our results bring new evidence to the existence of specific somatic markers associated with the activation of distinct cerebral circuits by the evaluation of fair and unfair proposals in participants characterized by different expressions of perceived fairness, thus suggesting that a particular brain dynamics could be associated with moral decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali M. Miraghaie
- Faculty of Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- NeuroHeuristic Research Group, HEC-Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Ali M. Miraghaie
| | - Hamidreza Pouretemad
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
- Hamidreza Pouretemad
| | - Alessandro E. P. Villa
- NeuroHeuristic Research Group, HEC-Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad A. Mazaheri
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Reza Khosrowabadi
- Institute for Cognitive and Brain Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alessandra Lintas
- NeuroHeuristic Research Group, HEC-Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- LABEX, HEC-Lausanne, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Alessandra Lintas
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Shang Q, Jin J, Pei G, Wang C, Wang X, Qiu J. Low-Order Webpage Layout in Online Shopping Facilitates Purchase Decisions: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:29-39. [PMID: 32021507 PMCID: PMC6966954 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s238581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction In online shopping, the webpage layout plays an important part in the consumer's experience. The present study aims to investigate whether the webpage order and which order level (high order vs low order) facilitate consumers' instant purchase decisions for products. Methods Fourteen right-handed healthy undergraduates and graduate students participated in the experiment as paid participants. In the experiment, participants were presented with daily products in different online shopping webpages (high-order vs low-order) and reported their purchase intentions between purchase and not purchase. Meanwhile, Electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded from the participants throughout the experiment. In the analysis process, two event-related potentials (ERP) components, P2 and late positive potential (LPP) were mainly focused to examine the cognitive mechanism underlying the purchase decisions. Results The behavioral data found that the low-order shopping webpage facilitated participants' purchase intentions compared with the high-order one. Neurophysiologically, increased P2 amplitudes and increased LPP amplitudes were revealed for the low-order webpage compared to the high-order webpage. The P2 indicates the early stage of attention engagement and discordant perception, while the LPP can be taken as a reflection of the late stage of the emotional self-control process. Conclusion These results provided evidence that webpage order influenced people's purchase decisions. Low-order webpage design invoked more attention engagement and discordant perception and consumed more self-control resources than the high-order webpage design, which contributed to the higher purchase intentions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Shang
- School of Management, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Jin
- Business School, Ningbo University, Ningbo, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Cuicui Wang
- School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyi Wang
- School of Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Junping Qiu
- Chinese Academy of Science and Education Evaluation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Lin H, Liang J. Negative expectations influence behavioral and ERP responses in the subsequent recognition of expectancy-incongruent neutral events. Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13492. [PMID: 31608460 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that expectancy incongruence in emotional stimuli influences the encoding (i.e., the first stage of memory processing) of the stimuli. However, it is unknown about whether expectancy incongruence influences later stages of memory processing, such as recognition. To this end, expectancy cues were presented prior to emotional pictures. Most often, the cues accurately indicated the emotional consequences of the pictures, but in some cases the consequence was incongruent with the expectations, and a picture from another emotional category was presented. Afterward, participants completed an unexpected recognition task in which old and novel pictures were not preceded by expectancy cues. The results showed that, in the encoding phase, expectancy incongruence reduced response accuracy when categorizing pictorial emotions, and the effect was smaller for neutral pictures than for negative pictures. ERP results showed stronger and weaker responses to expectancy incongruent pictures compared to congruent pictures in time ranges related to the encoding-related early and middle late positive potential (LPP), respectively. In the subsequent recognition phase, d' scores were higher for incongruent neutral pictures than for congruent ones. Expectancy incongruence enlarged the P2 response but reduced the recognition-related early LPP response for neutral pictures. However, effects of expectancy incongruence were not seen for negative pictures. Therefore, the findings in the present study indicate that negative expectations influence the later recognition of expectancy incongruent neutral events, whereas negative events are more resistant to the effects of expectation incongruence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Lin
- Institute of Applied Psychology, School of Public Administration, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory for Behavioral and Regional Finance, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiafeng Liang
- School of Education, Guangdong University of Education, Guangzhou, China
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Albanese BJ, Macatee RJ, Stanley IH, Bauer BW, Capron DW, Bernat E, Joiner TE, Schmidt NB. Differentiating suicide attempts and suicidal ideation using neural markers of emotion regulation. J Affect Disord 2019; 257:536-550. [PMID: 31323595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theories of suicide posit distinct etiological pathways for suicide attempts (SA) and suicidal ideation (SI) that are marked, in part, by disruptions in the ability to regulate reactions to threat/mutilation and interpersonally-relevant emotional stimuli. However, little research has specifically tested these associations. To address this gap, the present study extracted the Late Positive Potential (LPP) during an emotion regulation task to evaluate the independent associations that SA history and SI share with initial responsivity to, and regulation of, these distinct emotional contents. METHODS A clinical sample (N = 257) were recruited based on elevations in suicide risk factors. Participants completed a picture viewing and regulation task that included threat/mutilation, reward, and neutral images from the International Affective Picture System. Immediately prior to picture onset, participants were instructed to passively view the image, increase their emotional reaction to the image, or decrease their emotional reaction to the image. RESULTS Differential patterns of LPP amplitudes only emerged in the context of attempts to regulate emotional responses such that SA history predicted a superior ability to volitionally mitigate responses to threat/mutilation while SI was related to a worse ability to increase responses to reward. Effect sizes were in the small and small-to-medium range. LIMITATIONS The present data were cross-sectional and included low trial counts. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these findings support existing theories of suicide suggesting that distinct mechanisms underlie suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Future research should seek to determine if these mechanisms may serve as a viable intervention targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Albanese
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
| | - Richard J Macatee
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Ian H Stanley
- Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, United States
| | - Brian W Bauer
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Daniel W Capron
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, MS, United States
| | - Edward Bernat
- Department of Psychology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Thomas E Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
| | - Norman B Schmidt
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States
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