Cognitive abilities as process variables

Field-dependence, extraversion and perception of the vertical: empirical and theoretical perspectives of the rod-and-frame test

Using conventional scoring procedures for the Rod-and-frame Test (RFT), extraversion was shown to interact with field-dependence (defined by scores on the Hidden-shapes Test), with the field dependent extraverts being most inaccurate performers on the rod and frame. Of greater importance, serious questions were raised about theoretical and empirical aspects of the relationship between paper-and-pencil measures of field-dependence and performance on the rod and frame, and it was concluded that "what has...been demonstrated over the past ten years is the reliability of a relationship of questionable validity."

Adaptation-level theory and context effects on sensory judgments: perception for response?

The evidence in favour of Helson's (1947, 1964) contention that context effects are the result of alterations in sensory excitability is reviewed. In particular Steven's (1958) criticism of category scaling, as a technique for establishing such context effects, is examined as well as the experimental evidence supporting it. These studies are not considered conclusive proof that such effects are solely mediated by response processes. Other evidence suggests that there is a perceptual component, and that therefore Helson's Adaptation Level Theory—a single factor theory—is probably oversimplified, since context effects appear to reflect a number of factors both perceptual and response based. The inappropriateness of analysing context effects by means of statistical decision theory is discussed.