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Hartman AM, Rice HK. Observations of a beaver (Castor Canadensis Carolinesis) care, 24-hour activity records and performance on simple learning tasks. PSYCHOLOGICAL RECORD 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03393533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Prins NW, Pohlmeyer EA, Debnath S, Mylavarapu R, Geng S, Sanchez JC, Rothen D, Prasad A. Common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) as a primate model for behavioral neuroscience studies. J Neurosci Methods 2017; 284:35-46. [PMID: 28400103 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus) has been proposed as a suitable bridge between rodents and larger primates. They have been used in several types of research including auditory, vocal, visual, pharmacological and genetics studies. However, marmosets have not been used as much for behavioral studies. NEW METHOD Here we present data from training 12 adult marmosets for behavioral neuroscience studies. We discuss the husbandry, food preferences, handling, acclimation to laboratory environments and neurosurgical techniques. In this paper, we also present a custom built "scoop" and a monkey chair suitable for training of these animals. RESULTS The animals were trained for three tasks: 4 target center-out reaching task, reaching tasks that involved controlling robot actions, and touch screen task. All animals learned the center-out reaching task within 1-2 weeks whereas learning reaching tasks controlling robot actions task took several months of behavioral training where the monkeys learned to associate robot actions with food rewards. COMPARISON TO EXISTING METHOD We propose the marmoset as a novel model for behavioral neuroscience research as an alternate for larger primate models. This is due to the ease of handling, quick reproduction, available neuroanatomy, sensorimotor system similar to larger primates and humans, and a lissencephalic brain that can enable implantation of microelectrode arrays relatively easier at various cortical locations compared to larger primates. CONCLUSION All animals were able to learn behavioral tasks well and we present the marmosets as an alternate model for simple behavioral neuroscience tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noeline W Prins
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Eric A Pohlmeyer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Shubham Debnath
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Ramanamurthy Mylavarapu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Shijia Geng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Justin C Sanchez
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Daniel Rothen
- Division of Veterinary Resources, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States
| | - Abhishek Prasad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33146, United States.
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Abstract
The results of over two years of observations on two subspecies of marmosets offer certain clues for their use in behavioral research. The major maintenance problem which we have faced related to the periodic occurrence of epidemics due to various viral, bacterial and parasitic diseases. A treatment regimen for minimizing these difficulties is suggested. With regard to their use in behavioral studies, a number of recommendations relating to handling, transporting and isolating effective reinforcers are offered. In general, while problems in the use of marmosets continue to exist, there is good reason to believe that the establishment of such a primate colony could represent an important addition to many psychological laboratories.
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de Boer RA, Overduin-de Vries AM, Louwerse AL, Sterck EH. The behavioral context of visual displays in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus). Am J Primatol 2013; 75:1084-95. [DOI: 10.1002/ajp.22167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Raïssa A. de Boer
- Ethology Research, Animal Science Department; Biomedical Primate Research Center; Rijswijk The Netherlands
- Animal Ecology; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Anne M. Overduin-de Vries
- Ethology Research, Animal Science Department; Biomedical Primate Research Center; Rijswijk The Netherlands
| | - Annet L. Louwerse
- Animal Science Department; Biomedical Primate Research Centre; Rijswijk The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H.M. Sterck
- Ethology Research, Animal Science Department; Biomedical Primate Research Center; Rijswijk The Netherlands
- Animal Ecology; Utrecht University; Utrecht The Netherlands
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Kelava I, Reillo I, Murayama AY, Kalinka AT, Stenzel D, Tomancak P, Matsuzaki F, Lebrand C, Sasaki E, Schwamborn JC, Okano H, Huttner WB, Borrell V. Abundant occurrence of basal radial glia in the subventricular zone of embryonic neocortex of a lissencephalic primate, the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 22:469-81. [PMID: 22114084 PMCID: PMC3256412 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhr301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Subventricular zone (SVZ) progenitors are a hallmark of the developing neocortex. Recent studies described a novel type of SVZ progenitor that retains a basal process at mitosis, sustains expression of radial glial markers, and is capable of self-renewal. These progenitors, referred to here as basal radial glia (bRG), occur at high relative abundance in the SVZ of gyrencephalic primates (human) and nonprimates (ferret) but not lissencephalic rodents (mouse). Here, we analyzed the occurrence of bRG cells in the embryonic neocortex of the common marmoset Callithrix jacchus, a near-lissencephalic primate. bRG cells, expressing Pax6, Sox2 (but not Tbr2), glutamate aspartate transporter, and glial fibrillary acidic protein and retaining a basal process at mitosis, occur at similar relative abundance in the marmoset SVZ as in human and ferret. The proportion of progenitors in M-phase was lower in embryonic marmoset than developing ferret neocortex, raising the possibility of a longer cell cycle. Fitting the gyrification indices of 26 anthropoid species to an evolutionary model suggested that the marmoset evolved from a gyrencephalic ancestor. Our results suggest that a high relative abundance of bRG cells may be necessary, but is not sufficient, for gyrencephaly and that the marmoset's lissencephaly evolved secondarily by changing progenitor parameters other than progenitor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iva Kelava
- Max-Planck-Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
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Ontogenetic considerations in the phylogenetic history and adaptive significance of the bias in human handedness. Behav Brain Sci 2010. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00047890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cagni P, Gonçalves I, Ziller F, Emile N, Barros M. Humans and natural predators induce different fear/anxiety reactions and response pattern to diazepam in marmoset monkeys. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2009; 93:134-40. [PMID: 19414027 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2009.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2008] [Revised: 04/22/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The behavioral response of marmoset monkeys in the Human Threat (HT) test of anxiety, and the effects of diazepam (DZP), were compared to those in the Predator Confrontation (PC) procedure. Subjects (n=13) were initially submitted to four habituation trials, followed by four random confrontation sessions for each test (DZP 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg/kg). Each trial was divided into three consecutive 5-min intervals: pre-exposure, exposure (human observer, taxidermized oncilla cat) and post-exposure. As DZP induced sedation, marmosets (n=10) were re-tested in a second experiment, consisting of two habituation trials and four confrontation sessions per stimulus, with lower DZP doses (0, 0.10, 0.25 and 0.50 mg/kg). Exposure to both stimuli significantly increased direct gazes and alarm calls, being dose-dependently reduced by DZP only in the PC test. In the HT protocol, the significant decrease in aerial scans was not detected with 0.10 mg/kg DZP. Locomotion, proximity, displacement activities and vigilance were not consistently influenced by the stimuli and/or DZP. The results thus suggest that the HT test had a greater impact on the marmosets' behavior, while DZP was more effective on the reactions observed in the PC test, possibly due to the inherent nature of each stimulus, distinct threat levels and/or presentation order.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Cagni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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Sri Kantha S, Suzuki J. Sleep quantitation in common marmoset, cotton top tamarin and squirrel monkey by non-invasive actigraphy. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2006; 144:203-10. [PMID: 16626986 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2006.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 02/17/2006] [Accepted: 02/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sleep quantitation data on the Neotropical primate species, apart from the squirrel monkey, are still sparse. As such, we have quantitated sleep in the common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus), cotton top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) and squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) reared in one primate facility simultaneously, by non-invasive actigraphy. The range in total sleep time/24h measured for male adult common marmosets, cotton top tamarins and squirrel monkeys were 713-793 min (n=4), 707-889 min (n=4) and 459-475 min (n=2) respectively. The range in sleep episode length /12h dark phase for marmosets, tamarins and squirrel monkeys were 21-52 min (n=3), 10-28 min (n=4) and 9-15 min (n=2) respectively. Since vigilance is a critical evolutionary adaptive feature of predator avoidance among Callitrichid monkeys and squirrel monkeys, the shorter ranges in sleep episode length recorded, even under captivity, in this study could be interpreted as probable indicators of such vigilance behavior during the rest phase. We hypothesize that the vigilance behavior when it exists during a primate's active phase should also prevail when it is at rest (sleep). This hypothesis deserves additional testing in female Callitrichid monkeys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachi Sri Kantha
- Center for Human Evolution Modeling Research, Kyoto University-Primate Research Institute, Inuyama City 484-8506, Japan
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Abstract
Non-human primates exhibit similar physiological and behavioral responses to anxiety-inducing situations as humans and have, in fact, been successfully employed in both conditioned (i.e. conflict paradigms) and ethologically based tests of fear/anxiety (i.e. involuntary isolation, social interaction, human threat, predator confrontation). In the last decade, a renewed and growing interest in non-human primate models has resulted from the use of the small callitrichid species in behavioral pharmacology and neuroscience. This review focuses on the available non-human primate models for investigating fear/anxiety, addressing their advantages, shortcomings, and conceptual framework on which they are based. Lastly, a new ethologically based model to study anxiety and fear-induced avoidance in callitrichids--the marmoset predator confrontation test--is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Barros
- Primate Center and Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia, CEP 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
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Abstract
A method of measuring confrontation-induced behavioural changes in common marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) together with automated monitoring of locomotor activity has been developed as a possible model of anxiety. Recording both affiliative and agonistic behaviours between male/female pairs of marmosets and using diazepam as a reference drug, it has been possible to define a profile of behavioural changes which could be regarded as representing an anxiolytic response. Unfamiliar male/female pairs of marmosets were brought into close (non-contact) proximity in a controlled environment, in which their locomotor activity was recorded automatically. Simultaneously, their interactive behaviour was assessed by an independent observer via closed-circuit television. The following behaviours were analysed: aggressive postures, allogrooming, scratching, anxiety-related behaviours, social contact and self-grooming. Administration of diazepam at 1 and 3.5 mg/kg PO induced a significant (compared to control) reduction in scratching, aggressive behaviours, anxiety-related behaviours and an increase in allogrooming without affecting locomotor activity during confrontation. Differing responses dependent on gender were not found, nor did gender influence the effect of treatment on behaviour. Habituation to repeated confrontation did not occur. The results from this study demonstrate that this method can be used to measure anxiolytic activity in an objective manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cilia
- SmithKline Beecham Pharmaceuticals, New Frontiers Science Park, Harlow, UK
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Exploratory behavior and learning in laboratory marmosets (Callithrix jacchus jacchus): Comparisons between experimental-cage and home-cage activity. Primates 1995. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02382872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Potkay
- USPHSNIHNational Center for Research ResourcesVeterinary Resources ProgramBethesdaMDU.S.A
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Preferred hand use in the japanese macaque troop, arashiyama-R, during visually guided reaching for food pellets. Primates 1990. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02381110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
In a replication study, monkeys were tested for hand preference on three differing tasks: simple reaching for food presented on a board, choice of hand during a visual discrimination task and retrieval of food pellets from a row. Both laterality and degree of hand preference correlated significantly on two of the three tasks. Extremely little correlation was found across the other task combinations. Consistency of hand preference was greater within repetitions of a task than between any two tasks. The implication of these findings upon the search for a cerebral dominance underlying hand preference in the monkey is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Lehman
- Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey
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Primate predatory, postural, and prehensile proclivities and professional peer pressures: Postscripts. Behav Brain Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00047956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Evolution of handedness. Behav Brain Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00047865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Primate handedness should be considered – but not “reconsidered” at this point. Behav Brain Sci 1987. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00047877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Interactions between parents and infants, and infants-father separation in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Primates 1986. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02382600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Box HO. Observations on spontaneous hand use in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). Primates 1977. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02383117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Stoffer GR, Stoffer JE. Stress and aversive behavior in non-human primates: A retrospective bibliography (1914–1974) indexed by type of primate, aversive event, and topical area. Primates 1976. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02382914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stevenson MF, Poole TB. An ethogram of the common marmoset (Calithrix jacchus jacchus): general behavioural repertoire. Anim Behav 1976; 24:428-51. [PMID: 820223 DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(76)80053-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The behavioural repertoire of four captive breeding pairs of Callithrix jacchus jacchus is described. Social communication took the form of postures, facial expressions, vocalizations and piloerection displays. Detailed analyses were made of piloerection displays, adult play, copulatory, aggressive, and prey-catching behaviour. Aggressive behaviour was uncommon in adult mated pairs. Play between adults showed a degree of temporal of temporal organization. Vocalizations were the main methods of intragroup communication whilst piloerection displays were directed towards members of other groups and also to unfamiliar objects. The behavioural repertoire of C. jacchus jacchus is compared with that of other Primates.
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Behavior of Prosimians. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1974. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-629105-6.50010-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Rothe H. Handedness in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus). AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 1973; 38:561-5. [PMID: 4632104 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.1330380267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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