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Simon SS, Lee S, Gu Y, Mensing A, Noofoory D, Nazario GMH, Babukutty RS, Stern Y. Leisure activity engagement across adulthood predicts cognitive change after five years: Do gender and age matter? J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:529-540. [PMID: 36366958 PMCID: PMC10186268 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617722000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between leisure activity (LA) frequency and cognitive trajectories over 5 years across adulthood, and whether gender and age moderate these associations. METHOD A total of 234 cognitively healthy adults (21-80 years) completed a LA questionnaire at baseline and neuropsychological measures at baseline and after 5 years. Latent change score analysis was applied to generate latent variables estimating changes in different cognitive domains. For a secondary analysis, LA components' scores were calculated, reflecting cognitive-intellectual, social, and physical activities. Regression analysis examined the association between baseline LA and cognitive change, and potential moderation of gender and age. In addition, we tested the influence of cortical gray matter thickness on the results. RESULTS We found that higher LA engagement was associated with slower cognitive decline for reasoning, speed, and memory, as well as better vocabulary across two time points. Regarding LA components, higher Social-LA and Intellectual-LA predicted slower rates of cognitive decline across different domains, while Physical-LA was not associated with cognitive change. Gender, but not age, moderated some of the associations observed. Our results remained the same after controlling for cortical gray matter thickness. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a protective effect of LA engagement on cognitive trajectories over 5 years, independent from demographics and a measure of brain health. The effects were in part moderated by gender, but not age. Results should be replicated in larger and more diverse samples. Our findings support cognitive reserve hypothesis and have implications for future reserve-enhancing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sanz Simon
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Mensing
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diala Noofoory
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Reshma S. Babukutty
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Xu XY, Wang SS, Niu L, Leung ISH, Tian QB. Association of leisure activity changes and reversion from mild cognitive impairment to normal cognitive function among older adults: A prospective cohort study. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1035762. [PMID: 36483237 PMCID: PMC9724021 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1035762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Older adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have the possibility of reverting to normal cognitive function. Leisure activity engagement (LAE) plays a critical role in the progress of the cognitive function. A better understanding of the dynamic relationship between LAE and MCI reversion would inform the implementation of preclinical dementia interventions. This study aimed to investigate the association between change patterns of LAE and MCI reversion among older adults using the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) database. Study design Longitudinal population-based study. Methods Older adults with MCI at the baseline were enrolled in this study. Information about cognitive function, overall, cognitively stimulating, physically active/demanding, and socially engaged LAE was collected at baseline and follow-up. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) for reversion and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated by Cox hazard models with time as the underlying time metric. We also assessed potential effect modifications by creating a cross-product of the stratifying variable with LAE change patterns in the fully adjusted model. Results The restricted cubic spline showed that the association between LAE change scores and MCI reversion rate was statistically significant and nonlinear (p<0.01). Taking participants in the low-low group as a reference, participants in the low-medium, low-high, medium-medium, medium-high, high-medium, and high-high groups had increased possibilities of MCI reversion with HRs (95% CI) of 2.19 (1.57-3.06), 2.97 (2.13-4.13), 0.87 (0.64-1.19), 2.28 (1.71-3.03), 2.78 (2.10-3.69), 1.93 (1.43-2.59), and 2.74 (2.09-3.60), respectively. Further stratified models showed that the impact of LAE change patterns on MCI reversion varied in different ages (nonagenarian, octogenarian, and younger elderly) and gender. Conclusions Participants who maintained the highest LAE had the greatest possibility of MCI reversion. Meanwhile, a higher level of LAE maintenance was associated with the increased possibility of MCI reversion. These results provide a practical message to older adults about how dynamic changes in LAE are associated with improved cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Yi Xu
- Postdoctoral Research Station in Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shan Shan Wang
- School of Nursing, Centre for Gerontological Nursing, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China,School of Nursing and Health, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li Niu
- International Education College, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Isaac Sze Him Leung
- Department of Statistics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qing Bao Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China,*Correspondence: Qing Bao Tian
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Da Silva Coelho C, Joly-Burra E, Ihle A, Ballhausen N, Haas M, Hering A, Künzi M, Laera G, Mikneviciute G, Tinello D, Kliegel M, Zuber S. Higher levels of neuroticism in older adults predict lower executive functioning across time: the mediating role of perceived stress. Eur J Ageing 2022; 19:633-649. [PMID: 36052201 PMCID: PMC9424398 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-021-00665-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroticism has been associated with individual differences across multiple cognitive functions. Yet, the literature on its specific association with executive functions (EF) in older adults is scarce, especially using longitudinal designs. To disentangle the specific influence of neuroticism on EF and on coarse cognitive functioning in old adulthood, respectively, we examined the relationship between neuroticism, the Trail Making Test (TMT) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in a 6-year longitudinal study using Bayesian analyses. Data of 768 older adults (M age = 73.51 years at Wave 1) were included in a cross-lagged analysis. Results showed no cross-sectional link between neuroticism and TMT performance at Wave 1 and no longitudinal link between neuroticism at Wave 1 and MMSE at Wave 2. However, neuroticism at Wave 1 predicted TMT performance at Wave 2, indicating that the more neurotic participants were, the lower they performed on the TMT six years later. Additional analyses showed that this relation was fully mediated by participants' perceived stress. Our results suggest that the more neurotic older adults are the more stress they may perceive six years later, which in turn negatively relates to their EF. In sum, this study demonstrates that neuroticism may lead to lower EF in older age across six years. It further suggests older adults' perceived stress as mediator, thereby providing novel insights into the mechanisms underlying this relation. Possible intervention approaches to counter these effects are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloé Da Silva Coelho
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Emilie Joly-Burra
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Ballhausen
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Maximilian Haas
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Alexandra Hering
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Tilburg University, Tilburg, The Netherlands
| | - Morgane Künzi
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gianvito Laera
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Greta Mikneviciute
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Doriana Tinello
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sascha Zuber
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerabilities (CIGEV), University of Geneva, Boulevard du Pont d’Arve 28, 1205 Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES–Overcoming vulnerability: life course perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute on Aging and Lifelong Health (IALH), University of Victoria, Victoria, BC Canada
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Stine-Morrow EAL, McCall GS, Manavbasi I, Ng S, Llano DA, Barbey AK. The Effects of Sustained Literacy Engagement on Cognition and Sentence Processing Among Older Adults. Front Psychol 2022; 13:923795. [PMID: 35898978 PMCID: PMC9309613 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.923795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Considerable evidence suggests that language processing depends on memory processes, which are vulnerable to declines with aging. Yet little is known about the effects of language processing in the form of sustained literacy engagement on memory and other aspects of cognition. In the current study, adults (60-79 years of age) were randomly assigned to an 8-week program of leisure reading (n = 38) or to an active puzzle control (n = 38). Relative to the control, the experimental group showed differential improvement in verbal working memory and episodic memory. The experimental group also showed evidence of enhanced conceptual integration in sentence processing. These effects did not vary as a function of personality characteristics (e.g., openness) hypothesized to be compatible with literacy engagement. These findings support the idea that the exercise of cognitive capacities in the context of everyday life may offset age-related impairment in areas of cognition engaged by the activity, regardless of dispositional fit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A. L. Stine-Morrow
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Giavanna S. McCall
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Ilber Manavbasi
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Shukhan Ng
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Daniel A. Llano
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
| | - Aron K. Barbey
- Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, United States
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5
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Luo M, Edelsbrunner PA, Siebert JS, Martin M, Aschwanden D. Longitudinal Within-Person Associations Between Quality of Social Relations, Structure of Social Relations, and Cognitive Functioning in Older Age. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1960-1971. [PMID: 33406247 PMCID: PMC8599076 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbab001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Individuals' social connections and interpersonal experiences can both shape and be shaped by cognitive functioning. This study examines longitudinal within-person associations between quality of social relations, structure of social relations, and cognitive functioning in older age. METHODS We examined 16-year longitudinal data (3 waves) from 497 older adults (M = 66.07 years, SD = 0.83, range = 64-68 years) from the Interdisciplinary Longitudinal Study of Adult Development and Aging. Quality of social relations was measured by scales on perceived emotional support, instrumental support, and social integration. Structure of social relations was measured by self-reported number of leisure time partner types, indicating social network diversity. Cognitive functioning was assessed as a latent construct consisting of five cognitive tests (i.e., Information, Similarities, Letter Fluency, Picture Completion, Block Design). We used a random intercept cross-lagged panel model in the analysis. RESULTS At the within-person level, prior quality of social relations, but not structure of social relations, was positively associated with subsequent cognitive functioning. Moreover, prior cognitive functioning was positively associated with subsequent structure of social relations, but not with quality of social relations. DISCUSSION Quality of social relations is a protective factor of cognitive aging. Additionally, responding to prior lower cognitive functioning, social network diversity reduced, but quality of social relations did not seem to change. Overall, this study suggested that social relations and cognitive functioning mutually influence each other, but different aspects of social relations (i.e., quality, structure) might have different directional associations with cognitive functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxia Luo
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Jelena Sophie Siebert
- Department of Psychological Aging Research, Heidelberg University, Heidelburg, Germany
| | - Mike Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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6
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Sauter J, Widmer E, Baeriswyl M, Ballhausen N, Vallet F, Fagot D, Kliegel M, Ihle A. Interactional Effects Between Relational and Cognitive Reserves on Decline in Executive Functioning. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2021; 76:1523-1532. [PMID: 32319529 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present study set out to investigate associations of cognitive reserve (as indicated by education) and relational reserve (as indicated by the family network size and indices of emotional support) to decline in executive functioning over 6 years as measured by changes in Trail Making Test (TMT) completion time in older adults and whether education and network size interacted with age and sex as covariates with respect to this longitudinal association. METHOD We analyzed data from 897 participants tested on TMT parts A and B in two waves 6 years apart. The mean age in the first wave was 74.33 years. Participants reported information on their family networks and their level of education. RESULTS Latent change score modeling testing for moderation effects revealed a significant interaction of network size in the first wave of data assessment with education. Specifically, for lower levels of cognitive reserve (-1 SD of education), the longitudinal association between relational reserve in the first wave and subsequent changes in executive functioning was not significant. In contrast, for higher levels of cognitive reserve (+1 SD of education), a higher relational reserve in the first wave significantly predicted a smaller subsequent increase in TMT completion time from the first to the second wave (i.e., a smaller decline in executive functioning). DISCUSSION The present longitudinal study provides evidence for the interaction between cognitive and relational reserves. This confirms the hypothesis that reserves from different domains are intertwined and their combined effects contribute to less cognitive decline in old age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Sauter
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Widmer
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Sociology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Marie Baeriswyl
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Nicola Ballhausen
- Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | - Fanny Vallet
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Groupe de Recherche en Psychologie de la Santé, University of Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Delphine Fagot
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Swiss National Centre of Competence in Research LIVES-Overcoming Vulnerability: Life Course Perspectives, Lausanne and Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Ihle
- Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Switzerland.,Department of Psychology, University of Geneva, Switzerland
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7
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Huang Z, Guo Y, Ruan Y, Sun S, Lin T, Ye J, Li J, He L, Wang S, Shi Y, Wu F. Associations of Lifestyle Factors With Cognition in Community-Dwelling Adults Aged 50 and Older: A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:601487. [PMID: 33240081 PMCID: PMC7680821 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.601487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the absence of an effective treatment to alter the progressive course of cognitive decline and dementia, identification of modifiable risk factors that could promote healthy cognitive aging has become a public health research priority. This study seeks to comprehensively determine the contemporaneous associations of a broad spectrum of time-varying modifiable lifestyle factors with age-related cognitive decline in a large population-based cohort of older adults. A total of 5,711 subjects aged 50 and older from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) in Shanghai were studied. Repeated measures of lifestyle factors and cognitive performance were conducted in 2009-2010 and 2014-2015. Linear random slope models were used to evaluate the contemporaneous associations between time-varying lifestyle factors and cognitive performance. Person-mean centering method was used to disaggregate the between- and within-person effects in the time-varying lifestyle factors in the random slope models. We found that higher vegetable and fruit consumption, as well as higher level of physical activity were positively associated with all cognitive domains. Body mass index (BMI) was negatively associated with all cognitive domains, whereas waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was negatively associated with verbal fluency score only. Sedentary time was negatively associated with digit span score but positively associated with verbal fluency score. The between-person effects seem to be more dominant than within-person effects. Overall, our findings suggest better management of multiple lifestyle factors may protect against cognitive decline in later life. Higher vegetable and fruit consumption and physical activity are protective, whereas obesity is detrimental to cognitive decline in older adults. This study underpins the development of multi-domain lifestyle recommendations to promote healthy cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezhou Huang
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanfei Guo
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Ruan
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuangyuan Sun
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Tao Lin
- Pudong New District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinghong Ye
- Hongkou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- Minhang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Lihua He
- Huangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Wang
- Qingpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Shanghai Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, China
| | - Fan Wu
- School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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8
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Sharifian N, Gu Y, Manly JJ, Schupf N, Mayeux R, Brickman AM, Zahodne LB. Linking depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning: The mediating role of leisure activity. Neuropsychology 2019; 34:107-115. [PMID: 31448942 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Greater depressive symptoms are associated with cognitive decline in older adulthood, but it is not clear what underlying factors drive this association. One behavioral pathway through which depressive symptoms may negatively influence cognitive functioning is through activity engagement. Prior research has independently linked greater depressive symptoms to both lower leisure and physical activity and independently linked both lower leisure and physical activity to lower cognition. Therefore, depressive symptoms may negatively influence cognition by reducing engagement in beneficial leisure and/or physical activities that help to maintain cognition. METHODS The current study examined associations between depressive symptoms, leisure activity, physical activity, and global cognitive functioning using longitudinal data from the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project (n = 5,458 older adults). A multilevel structural equation model estimated the between-person and within-person effects of depressive symptoms on global cognition through leisure and physical activity. RESULTS Leisure activity, but not physical activity, mediated the association between depressive symptoms and global cognition between- and within-persons. When individuals reported high depressive symptoms, they also reported fewer leisure activities, which was associated with lower global cognition. CONCLUSION These findings highlight behavioral pathways through which depressive symptoms may negatively influence cognitive functioning. Findings support the view that perhaps depressive symptoms act as a risk factor for cognitive impairment by reducing leisure activity engagement. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yian Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease
| | - Nicole Schupf
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease
| | - Richard Mayeux
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease
| | - Adam M Brickman
- Department of Neurology, The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease
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