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Vanwoerden S, Franssens R, Sharp C, De Clercq B. The Development of Criterion A Personality Pathology: The Relevance of Childhood Social Functioning for Young Adult Daily Self-Functioning. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2022; 53:1148-1160. [PMID: 34076800 PMCID: PMC8859861 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01187-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The DSM-5 alternative model for the diagnosis of personality disorders (AMPD) states that self- and interpersonal (Criterion A) dysfunction is necessary to diagnose a personality disorder, qualified by maladaptive personality trait profiles (Criterion B). This study tested whether childhood maladaptive personality traits predict interpersonal dysfunction during adolescence, which further predicts lower self-functioning in young adulthood. A mixed clinical-community sample of 157 10-year-olds participated for ten years. Social problems and personality traits were rated by parents at age 10 and 12. At age 20, young adults completed 14 daily ratings of self-functioning. Traits of emotional instability and disagreeableness predicted social problems and self-problems. Social problems predicted worse self-functioning in adulthood. An indirect effect of childhood narcissistic traits on higher levels of self-functioning via lower levels of social problems was found. Results are discussed in terms of their contribution to our understanding of the AMPD from a developmental perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Vanwoerden
- Department of Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, 402 Sterling Plaza, 201 N. Craig St., Pittsburgh, PA, 1523, USA.
| | | | - Carla Sharp
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
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Koster N, Lusin I, van der Heijden PT, Laceulle OM, van Aken MAG. Understanding personality pathology in a clinical sample of youth: study protocol for the longitudinal research project 'APOLO'. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e054485. [PMID: 35732393 PMCID: PMC9226927 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-054485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We propose that a dimensional, multilayered perspective is well suited to study maladaptive personality development in youth. Such a perspective can help understand pathways to personality pathology and contribute to its early detection. The research project 'APOLO' (a Dutch language acronym for Adolescents and their Personality Development: a Longitudinal Study) is designed based on McAdams' integrative three-layered model of personality development and assesses the interaction between dispositional traits, characteristic adaptations, the narrative identity and functioning. METHODS AND ANALYSIS APOLO is a longitudinal research project that takes place in two outpatient mental healthcare centres. Participants are youth between 12 years and 23 years and their parents. Data collection is set up to build a data set for scientific research, as well as to use the data for diagnostic assessment and systematic treatment evaluation of individual patients. Measurements are conducted half-yearly for a period of 3 years and consist of self-report and informant-report questionnaires and a semistructured interview. The included constructs fit the dimensional model of personality development: maladaptive personality traits (dispositional traits), social relations, stressful life events (characteristic adaptations), a turning point (narrative identity) and functioning (eg, achievement of youth specific milestones). Primary research questions will be analysed using structural equation modelling. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION The results will contribute to our understanding of (the development of) personality pathology as a complex phenomenon in which both structural personality characteristics as well as unique individual adaptations and experiences play a role. Furthermore, results will give directions for early detection and timely interventions. This study has been approved by the ethical review committee of the Utrecht University Faculty for Social and Behavioural Sciences (FETC17-092). Data distribution will be anonymous and results will be disseminated via communication canals appropriate for diverse audiences. This includes both clinical and scientific conferences, papers published in national and international peer-reviewed journals and (social) media platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagila Koster
- Centre for Adolescent Psychiatry, Reinier van Arkel Group, s-Hertogenbosch, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Igor Lusin
- Centre for Adolescent Psychiatry, Reinier van Arkel Group, s-Hertogenbosch, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
| | - Paul T van der Heijden
- Centre for Adolescent Psychiatry, Reinier van Arkel Group, s-Hertogenbosch, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
| | - Odilia M Laceulle
- Centre for Adolescent Psychiatry, Reinier van Arkel Group, s-Hertogenbosch, Noord-Brabant, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A G van Aken
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Zhao G, Li S, Zhang Q, Guo X, Xie F, Yan S, Liu H, Chong Y, Ding Y, Li X. The relationship between schizotypal personality features and mind wandering among college students during COVID-19 pandemic: A moderator of depression. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:994082. [PMID: 36713899 PMCID: PMC9874124 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.994082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on people's mental health has been well documented in many studies, the schizotypal personality features in the general population have not received sufficient attention. METHODS Study 1 is a longitudinal study tracking changes in schizotypal personality features among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 153 Chinese college students were assessed using the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire. Study 2 explored the relationship between schizotypal personality features, mind wandering, and depression. A total of 557 college students completed the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire, the Beck Depression Inventory, and the Mind-Wandering Questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS Study 1 results showed that the scores from later stages in the pandemic were significantly higher than those from the initial stages on each dimension of schizotypal personality, which means that the schizotypal personality features became more obvious during the COVID-19 pandemic. Study 2 results showed that there was a positive correlation between schizotypal personality features, depression, and mind wandering. DISCUSSION Depression played a moderating role in the relationship between schizotypal personality features and mind wandering. The schizotypal personality features of college students increase during COVID-19; it has a positive relationship with mind wandering; depression moderates the relationship. We discussed these findings and provided some suggestions about future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guojun Zhao
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, China
| | - Shuangchen Li
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Guo
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fusen Xie
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuhong Yan
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Haijian Liu
- School of Education, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Chong
- School of Tourism, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuee Ding
- Mental Health Education Center, Gansu Health Vocational College, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xu Li
- Mental Health Education Center, Gansu Health Vocational College, Lanzhou, China
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Stapley E, Vainieri I, Li E, Merrick H, Jeffery M, Foreman S, Casey P, Ullman R, Cortina M. A Scoping Review of the Factors That Influence Families' Ability or Capacity to Provide Young People With Emotional Support Over the Transition to Adulthood. Front Psychol 2021; 12:732899. [PMID: 34721198 PMCID: PMC8555465 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.732899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The transition to adulthood is typically marked by changes in relationships with family members, peers, and romantic partners. Despite this, the family often maintains a prominent role in young adults' lives. A scoping review was conducted to identify the factors that influence families' ability or capacity to provide young people with emotional support during the transition to adulthood, and to understand the gaps in this research area. Title and abstract searches were conducted from January 2007 to February 2021 in multiple databases, including PsycINFO, MEDLINE, and Sociological Abstracts. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were also conducted with stakeholders (professionals from relevant sectors/working within this field). In total, 277 articles were eligible for inclusion in the review. Following data extraction, 19 factors were identified. Factors with the most research (more than 20 articles) included: family proximity or co-residence; mental health; sex or gender differences; and family communication. Factors with less research included: societal context; young person's sexual orientation or gender identity; social networks; and adverse life events. Gaps in the research area were also identified, including methodological issues (e.g., lack of mixed methods and longitudinal study designs), a disproportionate focus on the parent-child relationship, and a lack of contextually situated research. Our findings indicate that future research in this area could benefit from taking an intersectional, multi-method approach, with a focus on the whole family and diverse samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Stapley
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Isabella Vainieri
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth Li
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Merrick
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Mairi Jeffery
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Sally Foreman
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Polly Casey
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
| | - Roz Ullman
- Riches & Ullman LLP, Carshalton, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Cortina
- Evidence Based Practice Unit, Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, University College London (UCL), London, United Kingdom
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Hong RY, Sheng D, Yee WQ. Pathological personality, situations, and their joint influences on daily emotional symptoms. J Pers 2021; 90:426-440. [PMID: 34558664 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present research aims to advance current understanding on how individuals with pathological personality traits construe their day-to-day situational experiences. METHOD College students (N = 231) completed a measure of personality pathology, followed by six assessments of everyday situations and anxiety/depression symptoms over two weeks. RESULTS Multilevel analyses indicated that personality pathology was meaningfully associated with situational experiences. Major findings suggested that situations that entailed aggravations and interpersonal confrontations were associated with negative affectivity, antagonism, and psychoticism. Detached individuals were less likely to experience pleasant and social situations. Exploratory analyses suggested an amplification effect where individuals high on personality pathology were more anxious or depressed when they perceived certain situational features, compared to their low trait counterparts. However, such cross-level interactions constituted a small minority; most personality traits and situations exerted additive effects on symptoms. CONCLUSION Situational experiences appear to be driven in part by personality pathology. The exacerbation of daily negative symptoms can be attributed to the joint (largely additive) influence of the trigger situations and pathological personality traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Y Hong
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Sheng
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wan Qi Yee
- Department of Psychology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Koster N, Laceulle OM, Van der Heijden PT, Klimstra T, De Clercq B, Verbeke L, De Caluwé EAL, Van Aken MAG. A Psychometric Evaluation of a Reduced Version of the PID-5 in Clinical and Non-Clinical Adolescents. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1027/1015-5759/a000552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. A dimensional perspective on personality pathology in which trait assessment plays an important role has been proposed in the DSM-5, as represented in the PID-5 measure. In an attempt to increase the feasibility of the personality disorder (PD) assessment process, Maples and colleagues constructed a reduced, 100-item version of the PID-5. This study aimed to replicate and extend previous findings on the psychometric properties of this 100-item PID-5 relying on a non-clinical ( N = 100) and a clinical ( N = 101) sample of mid-adolescents, as well as a non-clinical ( N = 218) and a clinical ( N = 212) sample of late-adolescents. Results indicate that the psychometric properties of the 100-item PID-5 are adequate and similar to the original PID-5 in all samples. Our study provides evidence for extended applicability of the 100-item PID-5 for both clinical and non-clinical adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagila Koster
- Reinier van Arkel, Centre for Adolescent Psychiatry, ‘s-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands
- Department of Social Sciences, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Theo Klimstra
- Developmental Psychology, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lize Verbeke
- Personality Psychology, Ghent University, Belgium
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Cheli S, Lysaker PH, Dimaggio G. Metacognitively oriented psychotherapy for schizotypal personality disorder: A two-case series. Personal Ment Health 2019; 13:155-167. [PMID: 31169366 DOI: 10.1002/pmh.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Schizotypal personality disorder represents a broad range of maladaptive behaviour, which has been linked to both personality disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorders; however, to date, little effort has been devoted to developing psychosocial treatment approaches to address it. In response, we conducted two case studies exploring the effects of two metacognitively oriented forms of psychotherapy: metacognitive interpersonal therapy and metacognitive reflection and insight therapy for patients with schizotypal personality disorder. We chose these two forms of therapy as they have been successfully delivered, respectively, to persons with other personality disorders and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. Both treatments consisted of weekly individual psychotherapy sessions over a period of 6 months. General symptoms were assessed during the first week of treatment, at treatment end and at 1 month following treatment using the Symptom Check List-90-Revised, while schizotypal traits were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5. Both patients completed all sessions, and there were no reports of any adverse outcomes. Both patients achieved reliable change in symptoms (ranging from 4.98 to 9.81) and a significant reduction in schizotypal features. Results provide preliminary evidence of the feasibility of metacognitively oriented interventions for schizotypal personality disorder. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Cheli
- School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy.,Center for Psychology and Health, Tages Charity, Florence, Italy
| | - Paul H Lysaker
- Department of Psychiatry, Richard L. Roudebush VA Medical Center, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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De Caluwé E, Verbeke L, Aken MV, Heijden PTVD, Clercq BD. The DSM-5 Trait Measure in a Psychiatric Sample of Late Adolescents and Emerging Adults: Structure, Reliability, and Validity. J Pers Disord 2019; 33:101-118. [PMID: 29469666 DOI: 10.1521/pedi_2018_32_333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The inclusion of a dimensional trait model of personality pathology in DSM-5 creates new opportunities for research on developmental antecedents of personality pathology. The traits of this model can be measured with the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID-5), initially developed for adults, but also demonstrating validity in adolescents. The present study adds to the growing body of literature on the psychometrics of the PID-5, by examining its structure, validity, and reliability in 187 psychiatric-referred late adolescents and emerging adults. PID-5, Big Five Inventory, and Kidscreen self-reports were provided, and 88 non-clinical matched controls completed the PID-5. Results confirm the PID-5's five-factor structure, indicate adequate psychometric properties, and underscore the construct and criterion validity, showing meaningful associations with adaptive traits and quality of life. Results are discussed in terms of the PID-5's applicability in vulnerable populations who are going through important developmental transition phases, such as the step towards early adulthood.
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Abu-Akel A, Baxendale L, Mohr C, Sullivan S. The association between schizotypal traits and social functioning in adolescents from the general population. Psychiatry Res 2018; 270:895-900. [PMID: 30551341 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Difficulties in social functioning have been linked to schizotypy, which may reflect vulnerability to psychotic disorders. We investigated these links in early adolescence, a developmental stage when many mental illnesses first emerge. Using the Strength and Difficulties Questionnaire and The Community Assessment of Psychic Experiences, we examined the association of peer-relationship problems and prosocial behavior with positive and negative schizotypy in a sample of 149 school children (70 girls, 79 boys) between 12 and 15 years old. The results showed that while increased positive schizotypy was significantly associated with increased peer-relationship problems, increased negative schizotypy was significantly associated with decreased prosocial behavior. These effects were observed after the potential effects of age, sex, general cognitive abilities, the ability to infer affective mental states, anxiety, and depression had been taken into account. These results suggest that different dimensions of schizotypy are associated with different aspects of social dysfunction in adolescents. Interventions aimed at improving social functioning in adolescence would benefit from considering these unique associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Abu-Akel
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-Mouline, Géopolis, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Laura Baxendale
- Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership NHS Trust, Chippenham, UK
| | - Christine Mohr
- Institute of Psychology, University of Lausanne, Quartier UNIL-Mouline, Géopolis, Lausanne 1015, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Sullivan
- Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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