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Ertl B, Hartmann FG, Wunderlich A. Stability of Vocational Interests During University Studies. JOURNAL OF INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1027/1614-0001/a000392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
Abstract: Students’ vocational interests can be described by Holland’s theory of occupational choice. Holland distinguishes six interest dimensions here: realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, and conventional. Although these attributes are relatively stable during adolescence, their stability increases dramatically during university studies. Because vocational interests are often a factor in career counseling and the choice of what to study, it is essential to investigate the extent to which they develop during the first years of college. This study examines the NEPS first-year student cohort to investigate the stability of students’ interests and aspirations. The paper analyzes 2,442 male and 3,435 female students who studied within one of six major study clusters and provided data about their vocational interests at Wave 1 (study entry) and Wave 9 (about 4.5 years later close to the end their studies). The study’s results show strong and highly significant correlations for all interest dimensions, as well as a high stability of students’ aspirations. The correlations were strongest for artistic interests and weakest for conventional interests and were distinguishable between most dimensions. Furthermore, the analyses showed notable differences with respect to gender and field of study. Further analyses went beyond a variable-centered towards a person-centered approach showing that students with a stable interest vector also displayed higher profile correlations and a higher person-environment fit. The analysis shows that 28% of the sample are still developing their interests. This indicates notable adaption processes during university time that should be factored into course design, career counseling, and further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Ertl
- Learning and Teaching with Media, Institute of Education, Department of Human Sciences, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
| | - Florian G. Hartmann
- Division of Psychological Assessment, Department of Psychology, Paris Lodron University Salzburg, Austria
| | - Anja Wunderlich
- Learning and Teaching with Media, Institute of Education, Department of Human Sciences, Universität der Bundeswehr München, Neubiberg, Germany
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Baerg MacDonald K, Benson A, Sakaluk JK, Schermer JA. Pre-Occupation: A Meta-Analysis and Meta-Regression of Gender Differences in Adolescent Vocational Interests. JOURNAL OF CAREER ASSESSMENT 2023. [DOI: 10.1177/10690727221148717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Vocational interests have important implications for a range of life outcomes, such as satisfaction with career choice. Extending research on gender differences in vocational interests with adult samples, we sought to evaluate whether a similar pattern emerged during adolescence in a meta-analysis and explored moderators via meta-regression. Examining 41 studies using 3-level meta-analysis, gender differences in vocational interests are substantially accounted for using Holland’s RIASEC framework. Male adolescents have higher interests in Realistic and Investigative careers and female adolescents have higher interests in Social and Artistic careers. The differences were not moderated by year, national gender inequality ratings, or scale type. The study highlights that there are patterns in gender differences in the vocational interests of adolescents, that these differences reflect those found with adult samples, and that the differences have been stable over the past 80 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Benson
- Department of Psychology, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, CA
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Roemer L, Steinmayr R, Ziegler M. Disentangling Stable and Malleable Components—A Latent State-Trait Analysis of Vocational Interests. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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4
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Batista JS, Gondim SMG. Personality and Person-Work Environment Fit: A Study Based on the RIASEC Model. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:719. [PMID: 36613040 PMCID: PMC9819525 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
This study identifies if there are differences in the personality scores of professionals with varying degrees of congruence, considering each dimension of the RIASEC model. Method: A cross-sectional survey study. Participants responded to three measures: Vocational Interests Scale (VIS); Occupational Classification Inventory (OCI-R) for estimating congruence; and The Next Big Five Inventory (BFI-2) for estimating personality. Results: Congruence was associated with at least one personality dimension in the Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, and Conventional types. In addition, we identified significant differences between the personality scores of professionals according to the degree of congruence in the Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, and Enterprising types.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sônia Maria Guedes Gondim
- Institute of Psychology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador 40-210730, Brazil
- Institute of Psychology, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38408-100, Brazil
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Zhao PJ, Gao XL, Zhao N, Luo ZS. Development of the short Creative Expression Interest Scale based on item response theory. Front Psychol 2022; 13:955176. [PMID: 36211866 PMCID: PMC9536256 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.955176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study develops a short Creative Expression Interest Scale (CEIS) among Chinese freshmen based on the perspective of item response theory (IRT). Nine hundred fifty-nine valid Chinese freshmen participated in the Creative Expression Interest survey. Researchers applied the initial data for unidimensionality, item fit, discrimination parameter, and differential item functioning to obtain a short CEIS. The results show that the Short CEIS meets the psychometric requirements of the IRT. Pearson correlation coefficient of theta between the short and long CEIS is 0.922. The marginal reliability of the short CEIS is 0.799. These indicate that the short CEIS developed in this study among Chinese freshmen, meets the psychometric requirements. Although the Short CEIS can eliminate redundant, uninformative items, save time, and improve the quality of data collection. However, the validity of this short scale needs further validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Juan Zhao
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Liang Gao
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Nan Zhao
- School of Education, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Zhao Sheng Luo
- School of Psychology, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang, China
- *Correspondence: Zhao Sheng Luo
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Woodall T, Pich C, Armannsdottir G, Allison S, Howarth R, Poorrezaei M. To be a marketer or to do what marketers do? Using a mixed methods approach to explore the aspiring marketer mind-set. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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7
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Role-Aware Information Spread in Online Social Networks. ENTROPY 2021; 23:e23111542. [PMID: 34828240 PMCID: PMC8618065 DOI: 10.3390/e23111542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the complex process of information spread in online social networks (OSNs) enables the efficient maximization/minimization of the spread of useful/harmful information. Users assume various roles based on their behaviors while engaging with information in these OSNs. Recent reviews on information spread in OSNs have focused on algorithms and challenges for modeling the local node-to-node cascading paths of viral information. However, they neglected to analyze non-viral information with low reach size that can also spread globally beyond OSN edges (links) via non-neighbors through, for example, pushed information via content recommendation algorithms. Previous reviews have also not fully considered user roles in the spread of information. To address these gaps, we: (i) provide a comprehensive survey of the latest studies on role-aware information spread in OSNs, also addressing the different temporal spreading patterns of viral and non-viral information; (ii) survey modeling approaches that consider structural, non-structural, and hybrid features, and provide a taxonomy of these approaches; (iii) review software platforms for the analysis and visualization of role-aware information spread in OSNs; and (iv) describe how information spread models enable useful applications in OSNs such as detecting influential users. We conclude by highlighting future research directions for studying information spread in OSNs, accounting for dynamic user roles.
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Kandler C, Rauthmann JF. Conceptualizing and Studying Characteristics, Units, and Fits of Persons and Environments: A Coherent Synthesis. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211048728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Based on a perspective on personality coherence as the extent to which personality-relevant characteristics are differentiated and integrated within a person in his or her environment, we propose a synthesis that builds on and harmonizes existing and partly conflicting theories, methodological approaches, and empirical findings. This understanding of personality coherence needs clear definitions of person and environment characteristics. We define traits as characteristics of the person, adaptations as characteristics of the person-in-contexts, and states as characteristics of the person-in-situations. Thus, our synthesis involves concepts of environments and person-environment units. Next, we provide testable criteria to differentiate characteristics of persons from characteristics of person-environment units and to identify dispositional traits for a narrow-sense perspective on personality coherence. We raise awareness of the importance of fit between (profiles of) person and environment characteristics for an understanding of the integrated uniqueness of persons in their environments. We outline implications of this broader perspective on personality coherence for personality development, self-regulation, social integration, well-being, and psychological interventions. Lastly, we conclude that the analysis of an individual’s uniqueness and personality differences requires information about how well-defined, well-differentiated, well-integrated, and well-operationalized person(ality) variables are actually expressed in, or interact and transact with, the individual environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Kandler
- Department of Psychology, University of Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - John F. Rauthmann
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Gfrörer T, Stoll G, Rieger S, Trautwein U, Nagengast B. The Development of Vocational Interests in Early Adolescence: Stability, Change, and State-Trait Components. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070211035630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Vocational interests predict major life outcomes such as job performance, college major choice, and life goals. It is therefore important to gain a better understanding of their development during the crucial years of late childhood and early adolescence, when trait-like interests are starting to develop. The present study investigated the development of vocational interests in a longitudinal sample, comprising N = 3,876 participants—assessed at four time points from ages 11 to 14. Stability, state-trait variance components, mean-level development, and gender differences in mean-levels of Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, Social, Enterprising, and Conventional (RIASEC) dimensions were examined. Stabilities were moderate for all dimensions, but Realistic, Investigative, Social, and Conventional interests became more stable over time. For Realistic, Artistic, Social, and Conventional interests, the trait variance increased over time. At age 14, all dimensions had substantial trait variance components. The mean-levels of Realistic, Investigative, Artistic, and Conventional interests decreased over the 3 years (–0.44 < d < –0.24). Initial gender differences—with girls having higher Artistic and Social interests and boys having higher Realistic and Investigative interests—increased over time. By investigating the development of vocational interests in late childhood and early adolescence, we complement previous findings and provide first insights about state-trait proportions in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Gfrörer
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gundula Stoll
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Rieger
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Trautwein
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Nagengast
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Hoff KA, Chu C, Einarsdóttir S, Briley DA, Hanna A, Rounds J. Adolescent vocational interests predict early career success: Two 12‐year longitudinal studies. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kevin A. Hoff
- Department of Psychology University of Houston Houston TX USA
| | - Chu Chu
- Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
| | - Sif Einarsdóttir
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Ethnology University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland
| | - Daniel A. Briley
- Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
| | - Alexis Hanna
- Department of Management University of Nevada, Reno Reno NV USA
| | - James Rounds
- Department of Psychology and Educational Psychology University of Illinois at Urbana‐Champaign Urbana IL USA
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Brandt ND, Israel A, Becker M, Wagner J. The joint power of personality and motivation dynamics for occupational success: Bridging two largely separated fields. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0890207021996965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
When establishing a career in adulthood, two major socioemotional ingredients are expected to affect people’s success: how people act (personality) and what motivates them to act this way (motivation). However, little is known about whether and how personality and motivation change together and how their possible dynamic interplay predicts success. We investigated the roles that changes in personality and expectancy beliefs played in explaining occupational success in 4121 participants assessed after high school ( Mage = 22.80, SDage = 0.70; 63% female) and about 20 years later. We used latent change models and moderated structural equation modeling to investigate correlated change and latent change interactions of personality and expectancy beliefs in predicting success. Results illustrated that besides being related in a nomological net, personality and expectancy beliefs also illustrated a strong interrelatedness in change across time. We found the clearest joint change dynamics between emotional stability, conscientiousness, self-concept, and self-efficacy. Changes in personality and expectancy beliefs were furthermore associated with objective and subjective occupational success. The results call for a more integrative view on personality-motivation dynamics across time for understanding the long-term adaptive ingredients of occupational success stories in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naemi D Brandt
- University of Hamburg, Department of Psychology, Germany
| | - Anne Israel
- University of Hamburg, Department of Psychology, Germany
| | - Michael Becker
- Technical University Dortmund, Center for Research on Education and School Development, Germany
- Leibniz Institute for Research and Information in Education, Educational Governance, Berlin/Frankfurt a.M., Germany
| | - Jenny Wagner
- University of Hamburg, Department of Psychology, Germany
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Roemer L, Horstmann KT, Ziegler M. Sometimes hot, sometimes not: the relations between selected situational vocational interests and situation perception. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/per.2287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Vocational interests are traditionally conceived as stable preferences for different activities. However, recent theorizing suggests their intraindividual variability. This preregistered experience sampling study examined intraindividual variation in selected vocational interests states and related situation and person factors ( N = 237). Results indicate that the three interest dimensions Investigative, Artistic, and Social interests did vary intraindividually but less so than other phenomena’s dimensions (e.g., personality and happiness). At the within-person level, the focused interest states were related to specific situation characteristics, also after controlling for related personality dimensions and happiness. These relations were either specified a priori, based on the concept of congruence or person-environment fit, and tested in a strictly confirmatory manner, or identified using a more exploratory approach. Furthermore, aggregated states of the three selected interest dimensions mainly varied below their corresponding trait levels. This suggests that interest trait levels could represent an upper limit for aggregated interest states that could be due to method-related or construct-related reasons. The results demonstrate the situational character of interests and provide novel approaches for studying vocational interest in daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Roemer
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai T. Horstmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Ziegler
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Stoll G, Einarsdóttir S, Song QC, Ondish P, Sun JJ, Rounds J. The Roles of Personality Traits and Vocational Interests in Explaining What People Want Out of Life. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2020.103939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Usslepp N, Hübner N, Stoll G, Spengler M, Trautwein U, Nagengast B. RIASEC interests and the Big Five personality traits matter for life success-But do they already matter for educational track choices? J Pers 2020; 88:1007-1024. [PMID: 32145064 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Educational track choices have far-reaching consequences because they are associated with long-term life success. Theoretical approaches and previous empirical research have nearly exclusively identified family background and achievement as determinants of these choices. Although students' educational track choices might fit their personality, individual differences in personality have not been explored. We investigated the effects of two personality aspects-RIASEC interests and Big Five traits-on hierarchically ranked track choices (vocational vs. general educational track), alongside family background and achievement. METHOD We used two German data sets (TOSCA 10 study: N = 473; TOSCA study: N = 4,218) focusing on choices between the general educational track (leading to higher educational attainment) and the vocational track (leading to work life) at two different stages in educational careers. We ran several multiple (logistic) regressions. RESULTS The results showed that certain aspects of students' personality matter for educational track choices. Accordingly, across both studies, students with high Investigative or Enterprising interests more often chose the general educational track, whereas students with high Social or Conventional interests more often chose the vocational track-after the Big Five personality traits, achievement, and family background were controlled for. The Big Five traits showed no or only small significant associations with educational track choices. CONCLUSION These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences when investigating important life outcomes such as track choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Usslepp
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nicolas Hübner
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gundula Stoll
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marion Spengler
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Trautwein
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Nagengast
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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