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Goker Z. Religion would be a missing link in the case formulation of adolescents with conduct problems: an eclectic approach. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15:1348799. [PMID: 38711870 PMCID: PMC11070571 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2024.1348799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Psychiatry is concerned with mental health. Cognition is one of the key mental functions and manifests itself primarily as behavior. A behavior exhibited in response to a stimulus is influenced by biological (inherited), psychological (individual), and social (environmental) factors. During consolidation of an exhibited behavior, the factors affecting the individual's cognitive structure and personality play crucial roles. Underlying factors for a problematic behavior, and their weakness/strength levels are determined via the Biopsychosocial model. Empirically effective current practices to intervene the problematic behaviors do not always result in success. One of the reasons may be other elements that were omitted during the case formulation process. This article aims to stress the idea that whatever the underlying factor of a problematic behavior is, the most crucial determinant and/or pre-emptive factor in developing or maintaining that behavior might actually be the religion as a governing and directive philosophy on how to conduct oneself. In this instance, the key is in the hands of the parents or caregivers.
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Zhong Y, Perlman G, Klein DN, Jin J, Kotov R. The Prospective Predictive Power of Parent-Reported Personality Traits and Facets in First-Onset Depression in Adolescent Girls. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024:10.1007/s10802-024-01186-w. [PMID: 38502402 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Certain personality traits and facets are well-known risk factors that predict first-onset depression during adolescence. However, prior research predominantly relied on self-reported data, which has limitations as a source of personality information. Reports from close informants have the potential to increase the predictive power of personality on first-onsets of depression in adolescents. With easy access to adolescents' behaviors across settings and time, parents may provide important additional information about their children's personality. The same personality trait(s) and facet(s) rated by selves (mean age 14.4 years old) and biological parents at baseline were used to prospectively predict depression onsets among 442 adolescent girls during a 72-month follow-up. First, bivariate logistic regression was used to examine whether parent-reported personality measures predicted adolescent girls' depression onsets; then multivariate logistic regression was used to test whether parent reports provided additional predictive power above and beyond self-reports of same trait or facet. Parent-reported personality traits and facets predicted adolescents' depression onsets, similar to findings using self-reported data. After controlling for the corresponding self-report measures, parent-reported higher openness (at the trait level) and higher depressivity (at the facet-level) incrementally predicted first-onset of depression in the sample. Findings demonstrated additional variance contributed by parent-reported personality measures and validated a multi-informant approach in using personality to prospectively predict onsets of depression in adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Zhong
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Greg Perlman
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Daniel N Klein
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Jingwen Jin
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
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Shields A, Reardon K, Lawler T, Tackett J. Affective Contributions to Instrumental and Reactive Aggression in Middle Childhood: Variable- and Person-Centered Approaches. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2024; 53:169-183. [PMID: 38039086 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2023.2272951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research on the role of affect in childhood aggression motives has largely focused on domain-level affective traits. Lower-order affective facets may show more distinct relationships with instrumental and reactive aggression - at both the variable and individual levels - and offer unique insights into whether and how several forms of affect are involved in aggression motives. METHOD Caregivers (98% mothers) of 342 children (Mage = 9.81 years, 182 girls, 31% White) reported on children's aggression and affect-relevant personality traits, personality pathology, and callous-unemotional traits. RESULTS Both reactive and instrumental aggressions were characterized by higher levels of trait irritability, fear, withdrawal, sadness, and callous-unemotional traits in zero-order analyses. Instrumental aggression was characterized by low trait positive emotions. Reactive aggression was uniquely associated with irritability, fear, withdrawal, and sadness, whereas instrumental aggression was uniquely associated with callous-unemotional traits and (low) positive emotions. Groups identified by latent profile analyses were differentiated only by aggression severity. CONCLUSIONS The findings support both the similarity and distinction of reactive and instrumental aggression vis-à-vis their affective phenomenology. Consistent with existing theories, reactive aggression was linked to multiple forms of negative emotionality, whereas instrumental aggression was linked to higher levels of callous-unemotional traits. In a novel finding, instrumental aggression was uniquely characterized by lower positive emotions. The findings highlight the utility of pre-registered approaches employing comprehensive personality-based affective frameworks to organize and understand similarities and differences between aggression functions.
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Allemand M, Fend HA, Hill PL. Negative Emotional Reactivity and Somatic Symptoms during Adolescence Predict Adult Health and Wellbeing in Early and Middle Adulthood. J Youth Adolesc 2024:10.1007/s10964-024-01940-9. [PMID: 38282066 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-024-01940-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Longitudinal research is lacking with respect to how negative emotional reactivity and somatic symptoms during adolescence set the stage for later health. The aim of this longitudinal study was to examine within-person associations between negative emotional reactivity and somatic symptoms during adolescence and their effects on health and wellbeing in adulthood. Participants (N = 1527; 48.3% female) were assessed annually at the age of 12 to 16 years and at the age of 35 and 45 years. Adolescents with frequent somatic symptoms reported higher reactivity. Individual differences in levels and changes of somatic symptoms and reactivity were independently associated with adult health and wellbeing decades later. The findings underscore the importance of considering how individual differences change during adolescent development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathias Allemand
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Helmut A Fend
- Institute of Education, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick L Hill
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, USA
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Brandt ND, Drewelies J, Willis SL, Schaie KW, Ram N, Gerstorf D, Wagner J. Beyond Big Five trait domains: Stability and change in personality facets across midlife and old age. J Pers 2023; 91:1171-1188. [PMID: 36325745 DOI: 10.1111/jopy.12791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accumulated evidence indicates both stable and malleable parts of inter-individual differences in the broad Big Five domains. Less is known, however, about stability and change at the more diversified facet level. With the current study, we fill this gap by investigating personality stability and change across midlife and old age. METHOD We apply local structural equation measurement models and second-order growth curve models to four waves of data obtained with the full NEO Personality Inventory (NEO-PI-R) collected over 11 years from 1667 adults (Mage = 62.69 years, SDage = 15.62, 55% female) who participated in the Seattle Longitudinal Study. RESULTS Measurement invariance analyses indicated that the psychometric properties of the NEO-PI-R facets are comparable across time and age. Results revealed substantial rank-order stabilities across all facets, yet the exact pattern varied strongly between facets of the same trait and across traits. Mean-level change of facets from midlife to old age largely mirrored the mean-level change observed for the broader traits. CONCLUSION We discuss conceptual implications and argue that in the face of overall stability across midlife and old age, changes in the rank-ordering of people reveals a much more complex and diverse pattern of development than analyses at the trait level suggest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naemi D Brandt
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johanna Drewelies
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Lise Meitner Group for Environmental Neuroscience, Max Planck Institut for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sherry L Willis
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - K Warner Schaie
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Communication, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Denis Gerstorf
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jenny Wagner
- Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Lawson KM, Barrett BL, Cerny RJ, Enrici KE, Garcia-Cardenas J, Gonzales CE, Hernandez ID, Iacobacci CP, Lin T, Martinez Urieta NY, Moreno P, Rivera MG, Teichrow DJ, Vizcarra A, Hostinar CE, Robins RW. The Development of Shyness from Late Childhood to Adolescence: A Longitudinal Study of Mexican-origin Youth. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2023; 14:13-25. [PMID: 36644497 PMCID: PMC9838638 DOI: 10.1177/19485506211070674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Shyness, the tendency to be inhibited and uncomfortable in novel social situations, is a consequential personality trait, especially during adolescence. The present study examined the development of shyness from late childhood (age 10) through adolescence (age 16) using data from a large, longitudinal study of Mexican-origin youth (N = 674). Using both self- and mother-reports of shyness assessed via the Early Adolescent Temperament Questionnaire-Revised, we found moderate to high rank-order stabilities across two-year intervals and a mean-level decrease in shyness from age 10 to 16. Anxiety and depression were associated with higher initial levels of shyness, and anxiety was associated with greater decreases in shyness from age 10 to 16. Contrary to predictions, neither nativity (country of birth) nor language proficiency (English, Spanish) was associated with the development of shyness across adolescence. Thus, youth generally decline in shyness during adolescence, although there is substantial individual variability in shyness trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ryan J Cerny
- Psychology Department, University of California-Davis
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Tiffanie Lin
- Psychology Department, University of California-Davis
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Aleva A, Laceulle OM, Denissen JJA, Hessels CJ, van Aken MAG. Adolescence as a peak period of borderline personality features? A meta-analytic approach. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221134652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This meta-analysis of cross-sectional data aimed to shed light on the often assumed peak in mean-level of borderline personality features during middle to late adolescence (i.e. age 17–22). Borderline personality features were operationalized through the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Search terms were entered into PsycINFO and Scopus. A total of 168 samples were included in the analyses, comprising 25,053 participants. Mean age ranged from 14.35 to 51.47 years ( M = 29.01, SD = 8.52) and mean number of borderline personality features from 0 to 8.10 ( M = 4.59, SD = 2.34). The hypothesized peak between age 17 and 22 was not substantiated by the confirmatory ANOVA analysis. However, subsequent exploratory GAM analysis provided evidence for a peak at 29.4 years. Caution is needed in interpreting these findings given that different trends appeared when GAM models were constructed separately for community, patient and borderline personality disorder (BPD) samples. Age differences in community samples indicated a significant linear decline in mean-level of borderline personality features over time. A linear rising trend was found in BPD samples. As a between-person mean-level approach was used in the current study, future longitudinal studies are needed to substantiate if between-person age difference generalize to within-person changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk Aleva
- HYPE Centre of Expertise on Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder, GGz Centraal, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Odilia M Laceulle
- HYPE Centre of Expertise on Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder, GGz Centraal, The Netherlands
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap JA Denissen
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
| | - Christel J Hessels
- HYPE Centre of Expertise on Early Intervention for Borderline Personality Disorder, GGz Centraal, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel AG van Aken
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Laceulle OM, Rienks K, Meijer L, de Moor EL, Karreman A. A developmental approach to youth maladaptive personality traits: Variable- versus person-centered change in the transition from childhood to adolescence. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221130116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence shows that personality pathology starts to develop from (late) childhood onwards. The current study extends previous research by examining maladaptive personality change using both a variable-centered approach (i.e., mean-level changes) and a person-centered approach (i.e., latent profile transitions). Data were used from a 3-wave longitudinal study on Dutch youth (at T1: N = 492, mean age = 10.1). Maladaptive personality traits (i.e., Emotional Instability, Disagreeableness, Introversion, and Compulsivity) were assessed yearly using the Dimensional Personality Symptom Item Pool (DIPSI). A Factor of Curves model indicated presence of a higher-order developmental factor, reflecting low initial levels and small decreases over time, which explained change in all DIPSI traits. Latent profile analyses revealed three quantitatively different maladaptive personality trait profiles. Latent Transition Analysis demonstrated substantial stability in profiles over time. Small groups showed a transition toward another (often more adaptive) profile. Although a person-centered approach may have some merit when aiming to detect high-risk subgroups, the current results suggest that a variable-centered approach—and a Factor of Curves model capturing shared underlying developmental processes in particular—is favorable over a person-centered approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odilia M Laceulle
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Rienks
- Department of Developmental Psychology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Laurien Meijer
- Department of Interdisciplinary Social Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth L de Moor
- Department of Youth and Family Studies, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek Karreman
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, CoRPS, Centre of Research on Psychological Disorders and Somatic Diseases, Tilburg University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Lawson KM, Bleidorn W, Hopwood CJ, Cheng R, Robins RW. Trajectories of temperament from late childhood through adolescence and associations with anxiety and depression in young adulthood. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PERSONALITY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/08902070221124318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Anxiety and depression are pervasive and pernicious mental health problems for young adults. Developmental trajectories of adolescent temperament (Effortful Control, Negative Emotionality, and Positive Emotionality) may help us predict who will experience anxiety/depression during young adulthood. The present study used longitudinal data from a large, community sample of Mexican-origin youth ( N = 674) to examine how temperament develops across adolescence (age 10–16) and whether the developmental trajectories of temperament are associated with anxiety/depression during young adulthood (ages 19 and 21). Results indicate that Effortful Control, Negatively Emotionality, and the Affiliation facet of Positive Emotionality tend to decrease across adolescence, whereas Surgency tends to increase. Smaller decreases in Effortful Control and greater increases in Positive Emotionality across adolescence were associated with fewer anxiety/depression symptoms during young adulthood, whereas smaller decreases in Negative Emotionality were associated with more anxiety/depression symptoms later on. Thus, temperament development serves as both a protective factor (Effortful Control, Positive Emotionality) and a risk factor (Negative Emotionality) for later anxiety/depression in Mexican-origin youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wiebke Bleidorn
- University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Ni Y, Geldhof GJ, Chen BB, Stawski RS. Maturation or disruption? Conscientiousness development in the transition into adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/01650254221104068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Research to date has shown longitudinal changes in conscientiousness during early and middle adolescence, but most studies have been conducted in Western countries. The present study aimed to examine the pattern of mean-level conscientiousness change at the transition into early adolescence among a Chinese sample using curve of factors (CUFFS) models. Four waves of data from 661 Chinese children aged 8 years old at baseline in the China Family Panel Studies were used. Parents were asked to rate their children’s level of conscientiousness every 2 years. On average, mean-level conscientiousness showed a decelerating increase. Girls had higher average conscientiousness levels than boys, but they did not differ in change patterns. The inconsistency between the current study and previous research indicates that conscientiousness development may depend, in part, on cultural factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ni
- Oregon State University, USA
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He H, Xu M, Fei Z, Xie Y, Gu X, Zhu H, Wang J. Sex differences in personality disorders in a Chinese clinical population. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1006740. [PMID: 36213898 PMCID: PMC9537623 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1006740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Sex differences in the frequency and severity of personality disorders (PDs) have been widely reported in Western countries. However, limited literature suggests a similar sex distribution in the Chinese clinical population. This study investigated sex differences in self-reported and interviewed patients with PDs in a clinical population in China. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participants were 1,389 consecutive outpatients with a mean age of 30.5 years, including 634 (45.6%) males and 755 (54.4%) females. Self-reported PD traits were assessed using the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire Fourth Edition Plus (PDQ-4+). PDs were diagnosed according to the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) Axis II (SCID-II). RESULTS Male outpatients reported more paranoid, schizotypal, antisocial, and passive-aggressive PD traits, whereas females reported more borderline PD traits on the PDQ-4+. Self-reported PD traits in male outpatients were more likely to reach the positive threshold of antisocial PD than in females (χ2 = 5.293, p = 0.021). Males were more likely to meet the criteria for schizoid (χ2 = 5.050, p = 0.025), narcissistic (χ2 = 27.244, p < 0.001), antisocial (χ2 = 11.430, p = 0.001), avoidant (χ2 = 5.098, p = 0.024), and obsessive-compulsive PD (χ2 = 5.496, p = 0.019) diagnoses in the SCID-II. In contrast, females were more likely to meet the criteria of histrionic (χ2 = 12.327, p = 0.001), borderline (χ2 = 28.538, p < 0.001), and dependent (χ2 = 4.919, p = 0.027) diagnoses. DISCUSSION These findings indicate gender differences in the traits, frequency, and pattern of PDs when assessed in a Chinese clinical population.
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Affiliation(s)
- HongZhen He
- Department of Clinical Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mei Xu
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - ZhangYing Fei
- Wujiang Mental Rehabilitation Hospital, Suzhou, China
| | - Yuou Xie
- Department of Clinical Medicine, The First Clinical Medical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - XinYi Gu
- Department of Medical Information Management, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - HongLiang Zhu
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - JunJie Wang
- Institute of Mental Health, Suzhou Guangji Hospital, The Affiliated Guangji Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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