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Yang Y, Zhao M, Dong Y, Xia L. Longitudinal Associations Between Interpersonal Distrust and Social Aggression During College: Disentangling the Within-Person Process from Stable Between-Person Differences. J Youth Adolesc 2024; 53:849-862. [PMID: 37904057 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01874-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023]
Abstract
There is a dearth of information on the relationship between interpersonal distrust and social aggression in the youth, although both may lead to negative interpersonal relationships. Furthermore, scholars have not explored whether interpersonal distrust influences later social aggression over time at the within-person level. This study used five wave longitudinal data to investigate the longitudinal association between interpersonal distrust and social aggression and the role of hostile attribution bias in this relationship; notably, it used a relatively rigorous approach-the random intercept cross-lagged panel model-to disentangle within-person processes from stable between-person differences. The final number of participants included 1053 undergraduate students (677 female students and 376 male students), and 64.3% were female students, with a mean age of 18.45 years (SD = 0.95) at first measurement. Participants completed assessments for interpersonal distrust, hostile attribution bias, and social aggression at five time points across 6-month intervals. At the within-person level, the results revealed that interpersonal distrust was a predictor of later social aggression and that hostile attribution bias acted as a longitudinal mediator in this relationship. This result indicates that to enhance interpersonal harmony and reduce individual hostility and aggression toward others, intervention programs should aim to reduce interpersonal distrust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuchuan Yang
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Minxiang Zhao
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Psychology, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China.
| | - Lingxiang Xia
- Research Center of Psychology and Social Development, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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2
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Flanagan JC, Hogan JN, Massa AA, Jarnecke AM. Examining the role of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in intimate partner violence among couples with alcohol use disorder. Aggress Behav 2024; 50:e22137. [PMID: 38358256 PMCID: PMC10871553 DOI: 10.1002/ab.22137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Separate literatures indicate that both alcohol use disorder (AUD) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are robust risk factors for using intimate partner violence (IPV). Despite the strength of these relative literatures, and the common co-occurrence of AUD and PTSD, their combined effects on IPV have rarely been examined. This study begins to address this gap by exploring the moderating effects of provisional PTSD diagnosis on the relation between heavy alcohol consumption and physical IPV using a multilevel modeling approach. Participants were adult romantic couples (N = 100) with current AUD and a history of physical IPV in their relationship. Results from the between-couple comparison indicate that couples who reported more heavy drinking days also experienced more physical IPV when at least one partner had probable PTSD. However, the within-couple comparison indicated that among partners without a provisional PTSD diagnosis, those with fewer heavy drinking days compared to their partner also reported more physical IPV perpetration. These preliminary and exploratory findings require replication and extension but provide new and important information regarding the complex intersection of heavy drinking, PTSD, and IPV among couples with AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne C. Flanagan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Jasara N. Hogan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Andrea A. Massa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
- Ralph H. Johnson Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Amber M. Jarnecke
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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3
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Janovsky T, Rock AJ, Thorsteinsson EB, Clark GI, Polad V, Cosh S. Assessing the relationship between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems using interpersonal scenarios depicting rejection. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0288543. [PMID: 37874818 PMCID: PMC10597527 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early maladaptive schemas (EMSs) have been theorised to contribute to reoccurring interpersonal problems. This study developed a novel experimental paradigm that aimed to assess if EMSs moderate the impact of interpersonal situations on interpersonal responses by manipulating the degree of rejection in a series of interpersonal vignettes depicting acceptance, ambiguous rejection and rejection. METHOD In a sample of 158 first-year psychology students (27.2% male; 72.2% female; 0.6% other) participant responses to interpersonal scenarios were measured including degree of perceived rejection, emotional distress, conviction in varying cognitive appraisals consistent with attribution theory and behavioural responses to scenarios. Qualitative data was analysed using inductive content analysis and statistical analyses were conducted using multi-level mixed effect linear and logistic regression models using the software Jamovi. RESULTS People reporting higher EMSs reported increased emotional distress (F(1, 156) = 24.85, p < .001), perceptions of rejection (F(1, 156) = 34.33, p < .001), self-blame (F(1, 156) = 53.25, p < .001), other-blame (F(1, 156) = 13.16, p < .001) and more intentional (F(1, 156) = 9.24, p = .003), stable (F(1, 156) = 25.22, p < .001) and global (F(1, 156) = 19.55, p < .001) attributions but no differences in reported behavioural responses. The results also supported that EMSs moderate the relationship between interpersonal rejection and perceptions of rejection (F(2, 1252) = 18.43, p < .001), emotional distress (F(2, 1252) = 12.64, p < .001) and self-blame (F(2, 1252) = 14.00, p < .001). CONCLUSION Together these findings suggest that people with EMSs experience increased distress and select negative cognitions in situations where there are higher levels of rejection but that distress and negative cognitions are generally higher in people with EMSs irrespective of the situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Janovsky
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam J. Rock
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Gavin I. Clark
- School of Psychology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear, England, United Kingdom
| | - Valerie Polad
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Suzanne Cosh
- School of Psychology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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Franz MR, Smethurst M, Barry RA, Cole HE, Taft CT. Women's Disengagement Behaviors During Couple Conflict: Investigating Risk Indicators of Intimate Partner Violence. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023:8862605231163644. [PMID: 37032559 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231163644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a major public health concern, leading to prevention efforts focused on identifying risk indicators of escalating conflict between partners. Certain behaviors during conflict discussions have been uniquely linked to IPV, and there is evidence that disengagement behaviors-an emerging construct-are associated with IPV as well. However, research on disengagement and IPV has largely been limited to self-report, and available observational research is largely cross-sectional. Addressing these limitations, this study prospectively examined the association between observed disengagement behaviors during couple's conflict discussions and IPV 1 year later, using a sample of 83 heterosexual married or cohabitating partners. Behavioral coding was used to assess each partner's observed disengagement behaviors and each partner's psychological and physical IPV was assessed via questionnaire 1 year later. Linear regressions were used to investigate links between indicators of engagement (i.e., listening, questions, eye contact) and psychological and physical IPV perpetration and victimization. Less question asking and higher eye contact by women were associated with greater psychological and physical IPV perpetrated by both women and men 1 year later. Lower listening behaviors by women were associated with greater psychological (but not physical) IPV perpetrated by men 1 year later. In contrast, no disengagement behaviors displayed by men were significantly related to IPV. Applying a latent change score framework using baseline IPV data, findings indicated replicability of results, though with less consistency, suggesting that women's disengagement behaviors may reflect a larger pattern of abuse that predates and follows disengaged couple interactions. Findings suggest that a unique blend of verbal and nonverbal indicators of women's disengagement during couple conflict provides a meaningful signal of the emotional climate of the relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madeline Smethurst
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, MA, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Casey T Taft
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, MA, USA
- Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, MA, USA
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5
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Rzepka I, Zehetmair C, Roether E, Kindermann D, Cranz A, Junne F, Friederich HC, Nikendei C. Impact of and Coping with Post-Traumatic Symptoms of Refugees in Temporary Accommodations in Germany: A Qualitative Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10893. [PMID: 36078608 PMCID: PMC9518066 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Due to pre-, peri- and post-migratory stress factors, refugees often experience higher levels of psychological stress than the general population. Post-traumatic stress disorder, in particular, has an increased prevalence in the refugee population. However, living conditions in the early post-migratory phase are characterized by many challenges. In the present qualitative study, 14 refugees with symptoms of PTSD from temporary accommodations in Germany were interviewed in semi-structured interviews about their individual experiences of the impact of their trauma sequelae symptoms on their current living conditions and interactions. Participants reported dealing with post-traumatic symptoms primarily through distraction strategies, such as working or learning the language or social interaction. Many reported a sense of mistrust as a result of traumatic experiences. Current stress factors cited included uncertain asylum status, worry about family members and lack of ability to influence living situations. The interactions between the post-traumatic symptoms and the living conditions of the refugees were highlighted. The effects of the symptomatology of trauma sequelae and the framework conditions under which refugees live can lead to aggravated psychological distress. Therefore, special attention must be paid to refugee mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irja Rzepka
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Catharina Zehetmair
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Emma Roether
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - David Kindermann
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anna Cranz
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Junne
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Magdeburg University Hospital, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Christoph Friederich
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Nikendei
- Center for Psychosocial Medicine, Department for General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Zhen B, Yao B, Zhou X. Pandemic Exposure, Post-traumatic Stress Disorder, Conflict Behaviors, and Online Aggressive Behaviors Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Examining the Moderating Role of Gender. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:809173. [PMID: 35370842 PMCID: PMC8967964 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.809173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic impacts people's mental health and behaviors, but the influence mechanism between pandemic exposure, conflict behaviors, and online aggressive behaviors during the COVID-19 outbreak remains unclear. This study will address this gap. Data were collected from 1,153 college students in an online survey that included an pandemic experiences scale, a post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) scale, a conflict behaviors scale, and an online aggressive behaviors scale. Structural equation modeling and multi-group comparisons were used to analyze the data. Pandemic exposure positively predicted conflict and online aggressive behaviors through hyperarousal symptoms, and negatively predicted these behaviors through intrusive symptoms. The mediating roles of avoidance and negative alterations in cognition and mood symptoms in the relations between pandemic exposure and conflict behaviors and online aggressive behaviors were non-significant. Among male students, pandemic exposure directly predicted conflict and online aggressive behaviors, but for female students, pandemic exposure indirectly influenced these behaviors through intrusive and hyperarousal symptoms. The intrusive and hyperarousal symptoms play mediating roles in the relations between pandemic exposure and conflict behaviors and online aggressive behaviors. Gender plays a moderating role in the above mediating mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baohua Zhen
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Benxian Yao
- College of Educational Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, China
| | - Xiao Zhou
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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7
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Faustino B, Vasco AB, Delgado J, Farinha-Fernandes A, Guerreiro JC. Early maladaptive schemas and COVID-19 anxiety: The mediational role of mistrustfulness and vulnerability to harm and illness. Clin Psychol Psychother 2022; 29:1297-1308. [PMID: 34989057 PMCID: PMC9015275 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background Early maladaptive schemas (EMS), as lifelong psychological structures, tend to be associated with psychopathological symptomatology. Previous research has suggested that schemas act as psychological vulnerabilities to stressful life situations, such as the present worldwide COVID‐19 pandemic. In this context, anxiety and psychological distress have been documented as two of the main psychological symptoms associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic. However, the associations between specific EMS and COVID‐19 anxiety remain unexplored. Therefore, this study aims to explore the relationships between EMS, COVID‐19 anxiety as well as other mental health variables such as psychological well‐being, distress and life satisfaction. Methods In a cross‐sectional design, 249 individuals (M = 34.2, SD = 12.0) completed several self‐report measures. Results EMS from different schematic domains were positively associated with COVID‐19 anxiety and psychological distress and negatively associated with psychological well‐being and life satisfaction. An EMS hierarchical regression model predicted COVID‐19 anxiety. Mistrustfulness and vulnerability to harm and illness mediated the relationships between COVID‐19 anxiety, psychological distress and life satisfaction. Conclusions According to these results, mistrustfulness and vulnerability to harm and illness can act as underlying variables for the decrease in mental health associated with the COVID‐19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Faustino
- Faculdade de Psicologia da, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - João Delgado
- Faculdade de Psicologia da, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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8
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Rotenberg KJ, Manley E, Walker KM. The relation between young adults' trust beliefs in others and interpersonal hostility. Aggress Behav 2021; 47:544-556. [PMID: 34114206 DOI: 10.1002/ab.21969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The research examined whether, and if so how, young adults' trust beliefs in others were associated with interpersonal hostility. The participants in Study 1 were 139 young adults from the UK (76 women; Mage = 20.8). In Study 2, 88 young adult women from the UK (Mage = 21.5) served as participants. The participants completed a standardized measure of trust beliefs in others (total with reliability, honesty, and emotional subscales). In Study 1, participants imagined they were victims of peer provocation. They were required to judge the intention for the provocation and their retaliation to it. In Study 2, the participants were engaged in a lab-based acquaintanceship interaction that involved the exchange of disclosures. They completed an adjective checklist that assessed anger and evaluated the quality of the conversation. Trust beliefs were linearly and negatively associated with the attribution of hostile intentions, retaliation, anger toward others, and critical evaluation of a developing peer relationship. As expected though, quadratic relations were found. Young adults with very low and those with very high trust beliefs (primarily emotionally based) showed greater attribution of hostile intentions, retaliation, anger toward others, and critical evaluation of a developing peer relationship than did young adults with the middle range of trust beliefs. The linear relations supported the hypothesis that trust promotes psychosocial adjustment. The quadratic relations supported the deviation from the normative trust (centralist) approach primarily for emotional trust beliefs in others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Emma Manley
- School of Psychology Keele Uniiversity Keele United Kingdom
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9
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Voith LA, Lee H, Russell KN, Korsch-Williams AE. Understanding How Relational Health Effects Intimate Partner Violence Perpetration among Low-Income, Black, Indigenous, Men of Color Exposed to Adverse Childhood Experiences: An Exploratory Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18083890. [PMID: 33917658 PMCID: PMC8067994 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18083890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Relational health has emerged as a consistent factor that can mitigate the effects of trauma among children; however, less is known about relational health with adults, particularly related to intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration among racially and socioeconomically marginalized men. The Exploratory Sequential Design, Taxonomy Development Model was used. Semi-structured interviews (N = 11) and narrative analysis were conducted in Phase I. In Phase II, variables approximating the key themes that emerged in Phase I were selected from an existing dataset (N = 67), and relationships were examined using bivariate associations. The sample consisted of low-income Black, Indigenous, men of color (BIMOC) in a batterer intervention program (BIP). Adverse life experiences shaped participants’ world view via mistrust in others, stifling emotions and vulnerability, and a sense of personal guilt and shame. These orientations were then carried into adult relationships where men coped using social isolation to manage challenges, negatively affecting intimate relationships. For some men, mental health exacerbated these circumstances. Significant bivariate and multivariate associations supported this narrative. This study lays the foundation for future research to examine the potential effects of social support on IPV perpetration. BIPs should consider augmenting programming to enhance men’s social networks to support their use of nonviolence after program completion.
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10
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Pilkington PD, Noonan C, May T, Younan R, Holt RA. Early maladaptive schemas and intimate partner violence victimization and perpetration: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Psychol Psychother 2021; 28:1030-1042. [PMID: 33527558 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Young's early maladaptive schemas represent a possible pathway between childhood adversity and Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). The aim of this review was to synthesize the evidence on early maladaptive schemas and IPV. PubMed, PsycInfo, and CINAHL databases were searched, in compliance with PRISMA, to identify peer reviewed studies that reported on the relationship between schema or schema domain scores and IPV victimization or perpetration. Based on nine included studies, meta-analyses indicated that IPV victimization showed a moderate association with the Disconnection and Rejection and Impaired Autonomy domains, and a small association with Other-Directedness. The Mistrust Abuse and Vulnerability to Harm schemas were moderately correlated with victimization. Mistrust Abuse was also implicated in perpetration but insufficient data were available for meta-analysis. The evidence suggests that being a victim of IPV is associated with an expectation that one's needs for love and safety will not be met and doubt regarding one's capacity to handle responsibilities or succeed in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela D Pilkington
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Clare Noonan
- School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Australian Catholic University, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tamara May
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rita Younan
- Schema Therapy Institute, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth A Holt
- Schema Therapy Canberra, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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11
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Voith LA, Russell K, Lee H, Anderson RE. Adverse Childhood Experiences, Trauma Symptoms, Mindfulness, and Intimate Partner Violence: Therapeutic Implications for Marginalized Men. FAMILY PROCESS 2020; 59:1588-1607. [PMID: 32134514 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and trauma symptoms have been linked with intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetration and victimization among men, yet the field lacks depth in several key areas hampering progress toward violence intervention. Specifically, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) dominates the field's scope of trauma symptoms under study, limiting understanding of other manifestations of trauma especially among men. Furthermore, most research focuses exclusively on men's physical IPV perpetration and rarely focuses on other types of IPV, severity of violence, or men's victimization. Also, few studies examine potential protective factors grounded in the ACE framework, such as mindfulness, among clinical populations. Finally, most research has not focused on men of color, despite some racial/ethnic minority groups disproportionate rates of IPV exposure. Therefore, the relationships between IPV frequency and severity (psychological, physical, injury) and ACEs, PTSD, trauma symptomology (separate from PTSD), and mindfulness self-efficacy were examined in a sample of 67 predominantly low-income men of color in a batterer intervention program. More than half of the sample (51.5%) reported exposure to four or more ACEs, and 31.1% met the clinical cutoff for a probable PTSD diagnosis. Higher ACE scores predicted increased rates for nearly all types of self-reported IPV perpetration and victimization. PTSD symptoms and complex trauma symptom severity together explained between 13% and 40% of IPV outcomes, and each was uniquely associated with certain types of self-reported IPV victimization and perpetration frequency and severity. Mindfulness self-efficacy was associated with decreased self-report psychological IPV perpetration and victimization frequency and severity. Clinical implications relevant to marginalized men are reviewed, including screening, training, and potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A Voith
- Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Katie Russell
- Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - Hyunjune Lee
- Jack, Joseph, and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH
| | - RaeAnn E Anderson
- Department of Psychology, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND
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12
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The Association Between Social Support, Violence, and Social Service Needs Among a Select Sample of Urban Adults in Baltimore City. J Community Health 2020; 45:987-996. [PMID: 32303919 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-020-00817-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Experiencing violence has been associated with negative health outcomes. The objectives of this study were to determine whether experiencing violence is associated increased support service needs and suboptimal general health indicators. In addition, we explore the relationship between these and perceived social support among a select sample of urban predominantly male adults in Baltimore City. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 187 adults being seen in one of seven urban partner agencies participating in a parent HIV prevention and treatment demonstration project. Associations were examined using a multivariable logistic regression model, adjusting for the clinic site at which the client was being seen as well as age and gender identity. There was a significant amount of violence experienced by this population; 131 (72%) reported having seen someone be physically assaulted, and 89 (49%) had been physically assaulted without a weapon. Direct victimization from violence was associated with a threefold increased odds of needing housing and mental health/substance use services. Exposure to violence was associated with a threefold increase in needing housing and mental health/substance use services, and with sub-optimal health status. Perceived social support was associated with 30% decreased reports of experiencing violence. In conclusion, our select sample of urban adults report having experienced high rates of violence, and this is associated with increased support service needs as well as suboptimal perceived health status. Incorporating care for the effects of experiencing violence as well as social service needs are important in optimizing the health of urban populations.
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13
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Janovsky T, Rock AJ, Thorsteinsson EB, Clark GI, Murray CV. The relationship between early maladaptive schemas and interpersonal problems: A meta‐analytic review. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 27:408-447. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Janovsky
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | - Adam J. Rock
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia
| | | | - Gavin I. Clark
- School of PsychologyNewcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
| | - Clara V. Murray
- School of PsychologyUniversity of New England Armidale New South Wales Australia
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