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Heuser B, Bergermann A, Stevenson MG, Ranjan D, He Z, Lütgert J, Schumacher S, Bethkenhagen M, Descamps A, Galtier E, Gleason AE, Khaghani D, Glenn GD, Cunningham EF, Glenzer SH, Hartley NJ, Hernandez JA, Humphries OS, Katagiri K, Lee HJ, McBride EE, Miyanishi K, Nagler B, Ofori-Okai B, Ozaki N, Pandolfi S, Qu C, May PT, Redmer R, Schoenwaelder C, Sueda K, Yabuuchi T, Yabashi M, Lukic B, Rack A, Zinta LMV, Vinci T, Benuzzi-Mounaix A, Ravasio A, Kraus D. Release dynamics of nanodiamonds created by laser-driven shock-compression of polyethylene terephthalate. Sci Rep 2024; 14:12239. [PMID: 38806565 PMCID: PMC11133328 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62367-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Laser-driven dynamic compression experiments of plastic materials have found surprisingly fast formation of nanodiamonds (ND) via X-ray probing. This mechanism is relevant for planetary models, but could also open efficient synthesis routes for tailored NDs. We investigate the release mechanics of compressed NDs by molecular dynamics simulation of the isotropic expansion of finite size diamond from different P-T states. Analysing the structural integrity along different release paths via molecular dynamic simulations, we found substantial disintegration rates upon shock release, increasing with the on-Hugnoiot shock temperature. We also find that recrystallization can occur after the expansion and hence during the release, depending on subsequent cooling mechanisms. Our study suggests higher ND recovery rates from off-Hugoniot states, e.g., via double-shocks, due to faster cooling. Laser-driven shock compression experiments of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) samples with in situ X-ray probing at the simulated conditions found diamond signal that persists up to 11 ns after breakout. In the diffraction pattern, we observed peak shifts, which we attribute to thermal expansion of the NDs and thus a total release of pressure, which indicates the stability of the released NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Heuser
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, 01328, Germany.
| | - Armin Bergermann
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Michael G Stevenson
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Divyanshu Ranjan
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, 01328, Germany
| | - Zhiyu He
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- China Academy of Engineering Physics, Shanghai Institute of Laser Plasma, Shanghai, 201800, China
| | - Julian Lütgert
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Samuel Schumacher
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Mandy Bethkenhagen
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Adrien Descamps
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - Eric Galtier
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Dimitri Khaghani
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Griffin D Glenn
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jean-Alexis Hernandez
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble, France
- The Centre for Earth Evolution and Dynamics (CEED), University of Oslo, Oslo, 0371, Norway
| | - Oliver S Humphries
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, 01328, Germany
- European XFEL, Schenefeld, 22869, Germany
| | - Kento Katagiri
- Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Hae Ja Lee
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Emma E McBride
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, Northern Ireland, BT7 1NN, UK
| | | | - Bob Nagler
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | | | - Norimasa Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Photon Pioneers Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0087, Japan
| | - Silvia Pandolfi
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Chongbing Qu
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Philipp Thomas May
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Ronald Redmer
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | | | | | - Toshinori Yabuuchi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute (JASRI), Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Bratislav Lukic
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Alexander Rack
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, 71 avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble, France
| | - Lisa M V Zinta
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Tommaso Vinci
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Alessandra Benuzzi-Mounaix
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Alessandra Ravasio
- LULI, CNRS, CEA, Ecole Polytechnique-Institut Polytechnique de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Palaiseau, 91128, France
| | - Dominik Kraus
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Str. 23-24, 18059, Rostock, Germany
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiation Physics, Dresden, 01328, Germany
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2
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Qiao J, Ran H, Zhou Q, Qiao R, Lyu Z, Gao X, Liu Y, Yan J, Chen P. Gram-Scale Synthesis of Black Phosphorus through Shock-Induced Phase Transformation. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:5378-5388. [PMID: 38481134 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
This article presents the utilization of a cylindrical double-tube shock loading device in conjunction with amorphous red phosphorus as the precursor to investigate the complete phase transformation of red phosphorus into black phosphorus under the influence of shockwaves. Multiple experiments were conducted by varying the shock pressure and temperature parameters. The characterization of the recovered samples involved analysis of the phase composition and microstructure. The obtained experimental results demonstrate that within the cylindrical double-tube shock loading setup, a pressure of 9 GPa and a temperature of 800 K are optimal for achieving the complete phase transition of amorphous red phosphorus into orthorhombic black phosphorus. By precisely controlling these experimental conditions, a high-quality orthorhombic black phosphorus powder with excellent crystallinity was successfully prepared. This method offers several advantages, including simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and high yield. Consequently, this presents a promising pathway for the industrial-scale production of black phosphorus. The implementation of this approach not only reduces the cost involved in black phosphorus synthesis but also contributes to the broad range of applications for this material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Haotian Ran
- Chongqing Hongyu Precision Industrial Co LTD., 402760 Chongqing, China
| | - Qiang Zhou
- China Research and Development, Academy of Machinery Equipment, 100089 Beijing, China
| | - Rufei Qiao
- Army Infantry Academy, 330103 Nanchang, China
| | - Zhuwen Lyu
- Ningbo Branch, Ordnance Science Institute of China, 315103 Ningbo, China
| | - Xin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Junbo Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
| | - Pengwan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081 Beijing, China
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3
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Wang FC, Ye QJ, Zhu YC, Li XZ. Crystal-Structure Matches in Solid-Solid Phase Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:086101. [PMID: 38457702 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.086101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The exploration of solid-solid phase transition suffers from the uncertainty of how atoms in two crystal structures match. We devised a theoretical framework to describe and classify crystal-structure matches (CSM). Such description fully exploits the translational and rotational symmetries and is independent of the choice of supercells. This is enabled by the use of the Hermite normal form, an analog of reduced echelon form for integer matrices. With its help, exhausting all CSMs is made possible, which goes beyond the conventional optimization schemes. In an example study of the martensitic transformation of steel, our enumeration algorithm finds many candidate CSMs with lower strains than known mechanisms. Two long-sought CSMs accounting for the most commonly observed Kurdjumov-Sachs orientation relationship and the Nishiyama-Wassermann orientation relationship are unveiled. Given the comprehensiveness and efficiency, our enumeration scheme provide a promising strategy for solid-solid phase transition mechanism research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi-Jun Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials, Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructure and Mesoscopic Physics, Frontier Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Interdisciplinary Institute of Light-Element Quantum Materials, Research Center for Light-Element Advanced Materials, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
- Peking University Yangtze Delta Institute of Optoelectronics, Nantong, Jiangsu 226010, People's Republic of China
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4
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Nguyen-Cong K, Willman JT, Gonzalez JM, Williams AS, Belonoshko AB, Moore SG, Thompson AP, Wood MA, Eggert JH, Millot M, Zepeda-Ruiz LA, Oleynik II. Extreme Metastability of Diamond and its Transformation to the BC8 Post-Diamond Phase of Carbon. J Phys Chem Lett 2024; 15:1152-1160. [PMID: 38269426 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c03044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Diamond possesses exceptional physical properties due to its remarkably strong carbon-carbon bonding, leading to significant resilience to structural transformations at very high pressures and temperatures. Despite several experimental attempts, synthesis and recovery of the theoretically predicted post-diamond BC8 phase remains elusive. Through quantum-accurate multimillion atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, we have uncovered the extreme metastability of diamond at very high pressures, significantly exceeding its range of thermodynamic stability. We predict the post-diamond BC8 phase to be experimentally accessible only within a narrow high pressure-temperature region of the carbon phase diagram. The diamond to BC8 transformation proceeds through premelting followed by BC8 nucleation and growth in the metastable carbon liquid. We propose a double-shock compression pathway for BC8 synthesis, which is currently being explored in experiments at the National Ignition Facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kien Nguyen-Cong
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Jonathan T Willman
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Joseph M Gonzalez
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Ashley S Williams
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | | | - Stan G Moore
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Aidan P Thompson
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Mitchell A Wood
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, United States
| | - Jon H Eggert
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Marius Millot
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Luis A Zepeda-Ruiz
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, United States
| | - Ivan I Oleynik
- Department of Physics, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
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5
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Németh P, Garvie LAJ, Salzmann CG. Canyon Diablo lonsdaleite is a nanocomposite containing c/h stacking disordered diamond and diaphite. PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS. SERIES A, MATHEMATICAL, PHYSICAL, AND ENGINEERING SCIENCES 2023; 381:20220344. [PMID: 37691464 PMCID: PMC10493553 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2022.0344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
In 1967, a diamond polymorph was reported from hard, diamond-like grains of the Canyon Diablo iron meteorite and named lonsdaleite. This mineral was defined and identified by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) features that were indexed with a hexagonal unit cell. Since 1967, several natural and synthetic diamond-like materials with XRD data matching lonsdaleite have been reported and the name lonsdaleite was used interchangeably with hexagonal diamond. Its hexagonal structure was speculated to lead to physical properties superior to cubic diamond, and as such has stimulated attempts to synthesize lonsdaleite. Despite numerous reports, several recent studies have provided alternative explanations for the XRD, transmission electron microscopy and Raman data used to identify lonsdaleite. Here, we show that lonsdaleite from the Canyon Diablo diamond-like grains are a nanocomposite material dominated by subnanometre-scale cubic/hexagonal stacking disordered diamond and diaphite domains. These nanostructured elements are intimately intergrown, giving rise to structural features erroneously associated with h diamond. Our data suggest that the diffuse scattering in XRD and the hexagonal features in transmission electron microscopy images reported from various natural and laboratory-prepared samples that were previously used for lonsdaleite identification, in fact arise from cubic/hexagonal stacking disordered diamond and diaphite domains. This article is part of the theme issue 'Exploring the length scales, timescales and chemistry of challenging materials (Part 2)'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Németh
- Institute for Geological and Geochemical Research, Research Centre for Astronomy and Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Budaörsi út 45, Budapest 1112, Hungary
- University of Pannonia, Research Institute of Biomolecular and Chemical Engineering, Egyetem út 10, Veszprém 8200, Hungary
| | - Laurence A. J. Garvie
- Buseck Center for Meteorite Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287-6004, USA
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, UK
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6
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Sano T, Matsuda T, Hirose A, Ohata M, Terai T, Kakeshita T, Inubushi Y, Sato T, Miyanishi K, Yabashi M, Togashi T, Tono K, Sakata O, Tange Y, Arakawa K, Ito Y, Okuchi T, Sato T, Sekine T, Mashimo T, Nakanii N, Seto Y, Shigeta M, Shobu T, Sano Y, Hosokai T, Matsuoka T, Yabuuchi T, Tanaka KA, Ozaki N, Kodama R. X-ray free electron laser observation of ultrafast lattice behaviour under femtosecond laser-driven shock compression in iron. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13796. [PMID: 37652921 PMCID: PMC10471609 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40283-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past century, understanding the nature of shock compression of condensed matter has been a major topic. About 20 years ago, a femtosecond laser emerged as a new shock-driver. Unlike conventional shock waves, a femtosecond laser-driven shock wave creates unique microstructures in materials. Therefore, the properties of this shock wave may be different from those of conventional shock waves. However, the lattice behaviour under femtosecond laser-driven shock compression has never been elucidated. Here we report the ultrafast lattice behaviour in iron shocked by direct irradiation of a femtosecond laser pulse, diagnosed using X-ray free electron laser diffraction. We found that the initial compression state caused by the femtosecond laser-driven shock wave is the same as that caused by conventional shock waves. We also found, for the first time experimentally, the temporal deviation of peaks of stress and strain waves predicted theoretically. Furthermore, the existence of a plastic wave peak between the stress and strain wave peaks is a new finding that has not been predicted even theoretically. Our findings will open up new avenues for designing novel materials that combine strength and toughness in a trade-off relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomokazu Sano
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
| | - Tomoki Matsuda
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Akio Hirose
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ohata
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Terai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Kakeshita
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Fukui University of Technology, Fukui, 910-8505, Japan
| | - Yuichi Inubushi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Takahiro Sato
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford, CA, 94309, USA
| | - Kohei Miyanishi
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Makina Yabashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Tadashi Togashi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kensuke Tono
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Osami Sakata
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Tange
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
| | - Kazuto Arakawa
- Next Generation TATARA Co-Creation Centre, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yusuke Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-8656, Japan
| | - Takuo Okuchi
- Institute for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kumatori, Osaka, 590-0458, Japan
| | - Tomoko Sato
- Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima, 739-8511, Japan
| | - Toshimori Sekine
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Tsutomu Mashimo
- Institute of Industrial Nanomaterials, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Nakanii
- Kansai Institute for Photon Science (KPSI), National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), Kizugawa, Kyoto, 619-0215, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seto
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Masaya Shigeta
- Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Miyagi, 980-8579, Japan
| | - Takahisa Shobu
- Sector of Nuclear Science Research, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Yuji Sano
- SANKEN, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
- Institute for Molecular Science, National Institutes of Natural Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan
- Toshiba Energy Systems & Solutions Corporation, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 212-0013, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Matsuoka
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Toshinori Yabuuchi
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5198, Japan
- RIKEN, SPring-8 Center, 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo, Hyogo, 679-5148, Japan
| | - Kazuo A Tanaka
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Norimasa Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kodama
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamada-Oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
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7
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Shang SY, Tong Y, Wang ZC, Huang FL. Study on the Polycrystalline Mechanism of Polycrystalline Diamond Synthesized from Graphite by Direct Detonation Method. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15124154. [PMID: 35744213 PMCID: PMC9227173 DOI: 10.3390/ma15124154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a polycrystalline diamond was synthesized by the direct detonation method using graphite as the carbon source. By comparing the numbers of the obtained diamond particles and the original graphite particles, it was found that when the graphite phase transformed into the polycrystalline diamond during the detonation process, a single graphite particle would form multiple diamond nuclei, and the nuclei would grow simultaneously to form polycrystals. Accordingly, a validation experiment was designed, which added different ratios of inert additives while keeping the ratio of graphite to hexogen (RDX) unchanged. It was found that increasing the ratio of inert additives within a certain range could increase the grain size of a polycrystalline diamond, which is consistent with the obtained polycrystalline mechanism.
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8
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Machine learning the metastable phase diagram of covalently bonded carbon. Nat Commun 2022; 13:3251. [PMID: 35668085 PMCID: PMC9170764 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30820-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional phase diagram generation involves experimentation to provide an initial estimate of the set of thermodynamically accessible phases and their boundaries, followed by use of phenomenological models to interpolate between the available experimental data points and extrapolate to experimentally inaccessible regions. Such an approach, combined with high throughput first-principles calculations and data-mining techniques, has led to exhaustive thermodynamic databases (e.g. compatible with the CALPHAD method), albeit focused on the reduced set of phases observed at distinct thermodynamic equilibria. In contrast, materials during their synthesis, operation, or processing, may not reach their thermodynamic equilibrium state but, instead, remain trapped in a local (metastable) free energy minimum, which may exhibit desirable properties. Here, we introduce an automated workflow that integrates first-principles physics and atomistic simulations with machine learning (ML), and high-performance computing to allow rapid exploration of the metastable phases to construct "metastable" phase diagrams for materials far-from-equilibrium. Using carbon as a prototypical system, we demonstrate automated metastable phase diagram construction to map hundreds of metastable states ranging from near equilibrium to far-from-equilibrium (400 meV/atom). We incorporate the free energy calculations into a neural-network-based learning of the equations of state that allows for efficient construction of metastable phase diagrams. We use the metastable phase diagram and identify domains of relative stability and synthesizability of metastable materials. High temperature high pressure experiments using a diamond anvil cell on graphite sample coupled with high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirm our metastable phase predictions. In particular, we identify the previously ambiguous structure of n-diamond as a cubic-analog of diaphite-like lonsdaelite phase.
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9
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Guignard J, Prakasam M, Largeteau A. A Review of Binderless Polycrystalline Diamonds: Focus on the High-Pressure-High-Temperature Sintering Process. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15062198. [PMID: 35329649 PMCID: PMC8951216 DOI: 10.3390/ma15062198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays, synthetic diamonds are easy to fabricate industrially, and a wide range of methods were developed during the last century. Among them, the high-pressure–high-temperature (HP–HT) process is the most used to prepare diamond compacts for cutting or drilling applications. However, these diamond compacts contain binder, limiting their mechanical and optical properties and their substantial uses. Binderless diamond compacts were synthesized more recently, and important developments were made to optimize the P–T conditions of sintering. Resulting sintered compacts had mechanical and optical properties at least equivalent to that of natural single crystal and higher than that of binder-containing sintered compacts, offering a huge potential market. However, pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions to sinter such bodies remain too high for an industrial transfer, making this the next challenge to be accomplished. This review gives an overview of natural diamond formation and the main experimental techniques that are used to synthesize and/or sinter diamond powders and compact objects. The focus of this review is the HP–HT process, especially for the synthesis and sintering of binderless diamonds. P–T conditions of the formation and exceptional properties of such objects are discussed and compared with classic binder-diamonds objects and with natural single-crystal diamonds. Finally, the question of an industrial transfer is asked and outlooks related to this are proposed.
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10
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Preparation of Niobium Aluminium Alloy Based on Shock Compression Method. CRYSTALS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst12030381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A new method based on a light-gas gun has been proposed to synthesize Nb-Al alloys, and a recovery capsule has been investigated. The copper-coated sample is accessible after shock wave loading. In this paper, we successfully synthesize Nb-Al alloys, which are high-temperature structural materials. X-ray diffraction is employed to clarify the structural characteristics of compounds after impact, and the simulation of X-ray diffractions is employed to clarify the structure. In detail, tetragonal NbAl3 alloys certainly appeared in the recovery capsule; this alloy is considered to be best candidate.
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11
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Abstract
Benzene (C6H6), while stable under ambient conditions, can become chemically reactive at high pressures and temperatures, such as under shock loading conditions. Here, we report in situ x-ray diffraction and small angle x-ray scattering measurements of liquid benzene shocked to 55 GPa, capturing the morphology and crystalline structure of the shock-driven reaction products at nanosecond timescales. The shock-driven chemical reactions in benzene observed using coherent XFEL x-rays were a complex mixture of products composed of carbon and hydrocarbon allotropes. In contrast to the conventional description of diamond, methane and hydrogen formation, our present results indicate that benzene’s shock-driven reaction products consist of layered sheet-like hydrocarbon structures and nanosized carbon clusters with mixed sp2-sp3 hybridized bonding. Implications of these findings range from guiding shock synthesis of novel compounds to the fundamentals of carbon transport in planetary physics. Shock-wave driven reactions of organic molecules may have played a key role in prebiotic chemistry, but their mechanisms are difficult to investigate. The authors, using time-resolved x-ray diffraction and small-angle x-ray scattering experiments, observe the transformation of liquid benzene during a shock, identifying carbon and hydrocarbon solid products.
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12
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Mittal R, Gupta MK, Chaplot SL. Phase transition mechanism of hexagonal graphite to hexagonal and cubic diamond: ab initiosimulation. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2021; 33:425403. [PMID: 34315145 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac1821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Ab initiomolecular dynamics simulations are used to elucidate the mechanism of the phase transition in shock experiments from hexagonal graphite (HG) to hexagonal diamond (HD) or to cubic diamond (CD). The transition from HG to HD is found to occur swiftly in very small time of 0.2 ps, with large cooperative displacements of all the atoms. We observe that alternate layers of atoms in HG slide in opposite directions by 1/6 along the ±[2, 1, 0], which is about 0.7 Å, while simultaneously puckering by about ±0.25 Å perpendicular to thea-bplane. The transition from HG to CD occurred with more complex cooperative displacements. In this case, six successive HG layers slide in pairs by 1/3 along [0, 1, 0], [-1, -1, 0] and [1, 0, 0], respectively along with the puckering as above. We have also performed calculations of the phonon spectrum in HG at high pressure, which reveal soft phonon modes that may facilitate the phase transition involving the sliding and puckering of the HG layers. We have further calculated the Gibbs free energy, including the vibrational energy and entropy, and derived the phase diagram between HG and CD phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjan Mittal
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Mayanak Kumar Gupta
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
| | - Samrath Lal Chaplot
- Solid State Physics Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, 400085, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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13
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McCulloch DG, Wong S, Shiell TB, Haberl B, Cook BA, Huang X, Boehler R, McKenzie DR, Bradby JE. Investigation of Room Temperature Formation of the Ultra-Hard Nanocarbons Diamond and Lonsdaleite. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2004695. [PMID: 33150739 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202004695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Diamond is an attractive material due to its extreme hardness, high thermal conductivity, quantum optical, and biomedical applications. There is still much that is not understood about how diamonds form, particularly at room temperature and without catalysts. In this work, a new route for the formation of nanocrystalline diamond and the diamond-like phase lonsdaleite is presented. Both diamond phases are found to form together within bands with a core-shell structure following the high pressure treatment of a glassy carbon precursor at room temperature. The crystallographic arrangements of the diamond phases revealed that shear is the driving force for their formation and growth. This study gives new understanding of how shear can lead to crystallization in materials and helps elucidate how diamonds can form on Earth, in meteorite impacts and on other planets. Finally, the new shear induced formation mechanism works at room temperature, a key finding that may enable diamond and other technically important nanomaterials to be synthesized more readily.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dougal G McCulloch
- Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Sherman Wong
- Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Thomas B Shiell
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Bianca Haberl
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Brenton A Cook
- Physics, School of Science, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia
| | - Xingshuo Huang
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Reinhard Boehler
- Neutron Scattering Division, Neutron Sciences Directorate, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - David R McKenzie
- School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jodie E Bradby
- Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
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14
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Abstract
The origin of diamonds in ureilites is still a debated issue among the scientific community, with significant implications for the sizes of early Solar System bodies. We investigated three diamond-bearing ureilites by a multimethodological approach using scanning electron microscopy, micro X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and micro-Raman spectroscopy, with the aim of determining the origin of the diamonds. Our results show that formation of both microdiamonds and nanodiamonds in ureilites can be explained by impact shock events on a small planetesimal and does not require long growth times at high static pressures within a Mercury- or Mars-sized body. The origin of diamonds in ureilite meteorites is a timely topic in planetary geology as recent studies have proposed their formation at static pressures >20 GPa in a large planetary body, like diamonds formed deep within Earth’s mantle. We investigated fragments of three diamond-bearing ureilites (two from the Almahata Sitta polymict ureilite and one from the NWA 7983 main group ureilite). In NWA 7983 we found an intimate association of large monocrystalline diamonds (up to at least 100 µm), nanodiamonds, nanographite, and nanometric grains of metallic iron, cohenite, troilite, and likely schreibersite. The diamonds show a striking texture pseudomorphing inferred original graphite laths. The silicates in NWA 7983 record a high degree of shock metamorphism. The coexistence of large monocrystalline diamonds and nanodiamonds in a highly shocked ureilite can be explained by catalyzed transformation from graphite during an impact shock event characterized by peak pressures possibly as low as 15 GPa for relatively long duration (on the order of 4 to 5 s). The formation of “large” (as opposed to nano) diamond crystals could have been enhanced by the catalytic effect of metallic Fe-Ni-C liquid coexisting with graphite during this shock event. We found no evidence that formation of micrometer(s)-sized diamonds or associated Fe-S-P phases in ureilites require high static pressures and long growth times, which makes it unlikely that any of the diamonds in ureilites formed in bodies as large as Mars or Mercury.
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15
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Németh P, McColl K, Smith RL, Murri M, Garvie LAJ, Alvaro M, Pécz B, Jones AP, Corà F, Salzmann CG, McMillan PF. Diamond-Graphene Composite Nanostructures. NANO LETTERS 2020; 20:3611-3619. [PMID: 32267704 PMCID: PMC7227005 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.0c00556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The search for new nanostructural topologies composed of elemental carbon is driven by technological opportunities as well as the need to understand the structure and evolution of carbon materials formed by planetary shock impact events and in laboratory syntheses. We describe two new families of diamond-graphene (diaphite) phases constructed from layered and bonded sp3 and sp2 nanostructural units and provide a framework for classifying the members of this new class of materials. The nanocomposite structures are identified within both natural impact diamonds and laboratory-shocked samples and possess diffraction features that have previously been assigned to lonsdaleite and postgraphite phases. The diaphite nanocomposites represent a new class of high-performance carbon materials that are predicted to combine the superhard qualities of diamond with high fracture toughness and ductility enabled by the graphitic units and the atomically defined interfaces between the sp3- and sp2-bonded nanodomains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Németh
- Institute
of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Pannonia, Egyetem
út 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Kit McColl
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael L. Smith
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Mara Murri
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza
della Scienza 4, I-20126 Milano, Italy
| | - Laurence A. J. Garvie
- Center for
Meteorite Studies, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-6004, United States
| | - Matteo Alvaro
- Department
of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University
of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Béla Pécz
- Institute
of Technical Physics and Materials Science, Centre for Energy Research, Konkoly-Thege út 29-33, 1121 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrian P. Jones
- Department
of Earth Sciences, University College London, WC1E 6BT London, United Kingdom
| | - Furio Corà
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Christoph G. Salzmann
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul F. McMillan
- Department
of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
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16
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Dong J, Yao Z, Yao M, Li R, Hu K, Zhu L, Wang Y, Sun H, Sundqvist B, Yang K, Liu B. Decompression-Induced Diamond Formation from Graphite Sheared under Pressure. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:065701. [PMID: 32109099 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.065701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Graphite is known to transform into diamond under dynamic compression or under combined high pressure and high temperature, either by a concerted mechanism or by a nucleation mechanism. However, these mechanisms fail to explain the recently reported discovery of diamond formation during ambient temperature compression combined with shear stress. Here we report a new transition pathway for graphite to diamond under compression combined with shear, based on results from both theoretical simulations and advanced experiments. In contrast to the known model for thermally activated diamond formation under pressure, the shear-induced diamond formation takes place during the decompression process via structural transitions. At a high pressure with large shear, graphite transforms into ultrastrong sp^{3} phases whose structures depend on the degree of shear stress. These metastable sp^{3} phases transform into either diamond or graphite upon decompression. Our results explain several recent experimental observations of low-temperature diamond formation. They also emphasize the importance of shear stress for diamond formation, providing new insight into the graphite-diamond transformation mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajun Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Zhen Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Mingguang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Materials Science and Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130022, China
| | - Kuo Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Luyao Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Huanhuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | | | - Ke Yang
- Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facilities, Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201204, China
| | - Bingbing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Superhard Materials, College of Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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17
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Chen L, Lee HS, Zhernenkov M, Lee S. Martensitic Transformation of Close-Packed Polytypes of Block Copolymer Micelles. Macromolecules 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.9b00917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
| | - Han Seung Lee
- Characterization Facility, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Mikhail Zhernenkov
- National Synchrotron Light Source-II, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States
| | - Sangwoo Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, United States
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18
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Murri M, Smith RL, McColl K, Hart M, Alvaro M, Jones AP, Németh P, Salzmann CG, Corà F, Domeneghetti MC, Nestola F, Sobolev NV, Vishnevsky SA, Logvinova AM, McMillan PF. Quantifying hexagonal stacking in diamond. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10334. [PMID: 31316094 PMCID: PMC6637244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46556-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Diamond is a material of immense technological importance and an ancient signifier for wealth and societal status. In geology, diamond forms as part of the deep carbon cycle and typically displays a highly ordered cubic crystal structure. Impact diamonds, however, often exhibit structural disorder in the form of complex combinations of cubic and hexagonal stacking motifs. The structural characterization of such diamonds remains a challenge. Here, impact diamonds from the Popigai crater were characterized with a range of techniques. Using the MCDIFFaX approach for analysing X-ray diffraction data, hexagonality indices up to 40% were found. The effects of increasing amounts of hexagonal stacking on the Raman spectra of diamond were investigated computationally and found to be in excellent agreement with trends in the experimental spectra. Electron microscopy revealed nanoscale twinning within the cubic diamond structure. Our analyses lead us to propose a systematic protocol for assigning specific hexagonality attributes to the mineral designated as lonsdaleite among natural and synthetic samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Murri
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Rachael L Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Kit McColl
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Martin Hart
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK
| | - Matteo Alvaro
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adrian P Jones
- Department of Earth Sciences, University College London, 5 Gower Place, London, WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Péter Németh
- Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences-HAS, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Christoph G Salzmann
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Furio Corà
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
| | - Maria C Domeneghetti
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, Via A. Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Nestola
- Department of Geosciences, University of Padova, Via G. Gradenigo 6, 35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Nikolay V Sobolev
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyug Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 90630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, str. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Sergey A Vishnevsky
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyug Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 90630090, Russia
| | - Alla M Logvinova
- V.S. Sobolev Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Koptyug Ave. 3, Novosibirsk, 90630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State University, str. Pirogova 2, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Paul F McMillan
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, London, WC1H 0AJ, UK.
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19
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Turneaure SJ, Sharma SM, Volz TJ, Winey JM, Gupta YM. Transformation of shock-compressed graphite to hexagonal diamond in nanoseconds. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:eaao3561. [PMID: 29098183 PMCID: PMC5659656 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aao3561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The graphite-to-diamond transformation under shock compression has been of broad scientific interest since 1961. The formation of hexagonal diamond (HD) is of particular interest because it is expected to be harder than cubic diamond and due to its use in terrestrial sciences as a marker at meteorite impact sites. However, the formation of diamond having a fully hexagonal structure continues to be questioned and remains unresolved. Using real-time (nanosecond), in situ x-ray diffraction measurements, we show unequivocally that highly oriented pyrolytic graphite, shock-compressed along the c axis to 50 GPa, transforms to highly oriented elastically strained HD with the (100)HD plane parallel to the graphite basal plane. These findings contradict recent molecular dynamics simulation results for the shock-induced graphite-to-diamond transformation and provide a benchmark for future theoretical simulations. Additionally, our results show that an earlier report of HD forming only above 170 GPa for shocked pyrolytic graphite may lead to incorrect interpretations of meteorite impact events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan J. Turneaure
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Surinder M. Sharma
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Travis J. Volz
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - J. M. Winey
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Yogendra M. Gupta
- Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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20
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Shockwave-Loading-Induced Enhancement of T c in Superconducting Bi 2Sr 2CaCu 2O 8+δ. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6710. [PMID: 28751726 PMCID: PMC5532231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06887-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
We report a shockwave method for altering the properties of the superconductor material Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi2212). We find that the superconducting transition temperature (Tc) increases from 84 K for the pristine sample to 94 K for the sample treated at a temperature and pressure of ~1200 K and ~31 GPa, respectively. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy characterizations indicate that this Tc enhancement arises from a phase transition from pristine Bi2212 to a mixture of superconducting Bi2212 and semiconducting Bi2Sr2CuO6+δ (Bi2201) during the shockwave treatment. The shockwave-treated sample exhibits n-type semiconductor properties (with an on-off ratio ~5), in contrast to the pure metallic pristine sample. Our study offers an alternative route for modifying the superconducting properties via a shockwave treatment. Furthermore, this method may provide a new approach for studying other temperature- and pressure-sensitive materials.
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21
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Amans D, Diouf M, Lam J, Ledoux G, Dujardin C. Origin of the nano-carbon allotropes in pulsed laser ablation in liquids synthesis. J Colloid Interface Sci 2017; 489:114-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2016.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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22
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Xie YP, Zhang XJ, Liu ZP. Graphite to Diamond: Origin for Kinetics Selectivity. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:2545-2548. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ping Xie
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of
Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Key
Laboratory for Microstructures, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Xiao-Jie Zhang
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of
Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Zhi-Pan Liu
- Collaborative
Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Material, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Key Laboratory of
Computational Physical Science, Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
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23
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Nanocrystalline hexagonal diamond formed from glassy carbon. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37232. [PMID: 27897174 PMCID: PMC5126635 DOI: 10.1038/srep37232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon exhibits a large number of allotropes and its phase behaviour is still subject to significant uncertainty and intensive research. The hexagonal form of diamond, also known as lonsdaleite, was discovered in the Canyon Diablo meteorite where its formation was attributed to the extreme conditions experienced during the impact. However, it has recently been claimed that lonsdaleite does not exist as a well-defined material but is instead defective cubic diamond formed under high pressure and high temperature conditions. Here we report the synthesis of almost pure lonsdaleite in a diamond anvil cell at 100 GPa and 400 °C. The nanocrystalline material was recovered at ambient and analysed using diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy. We propose that the transformation is the result of intense radial plastic flow under compression in the diamond anvil cell, which lowers the energy barrier by “locking in” favourable stackings of graphene sheets. This strain induced transformation of the graphitic planes of the precursor to hexagonal diamond is supported by first principles calculations of transformation pathways and explains why the new phase is found in an annular region. Our findings establish that high purity lonsdaleite is readily formed under strain and hence does not require meteoritic impacts.
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24
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Nanosecond formation of diamond and lonsdaleite by shock compression of graphite. Nat Commun 2016; 7:10970. [PMID: 26972122 PMCID: PMC4793081 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond has been of great scientific and technological interest since the discovery of microscopic diamonds in remnants of explosively driven graphite. Furthermore, shock synthesis of diamond and lonsdaleite, a speculative hexagonal carbon polymorph with unique hardness, is expected to happen during violent meteor impacts. Here, we show unprecedented in situ X-ray diffraction measurements of diamond formation on nanosecond timescales by shock compression of pyrolytic as well as polycrystalline graphite to pressures from 19 GPa up to 228 GPa. While we observe the transition to diamond starting at 50 GPa for both pyrolytic and polycrystalline graphite, we also record the direct formation of lonsdaleite above 170 GPa for pyrolytic samples only. Our experiment provides new insights into the processes of the shock-induced transition from graphite to diamond and uniquely resolves the dynamics that explain the main natural occurrence of the lonsdaleite crystal structure being close to meteor impact sites.
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25
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Shen Y, Jester SB, Qi T, Reed EJ. Nanosecond homogeneous nucleation and crystal growth in shock-compressed SiO2. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:60-5. [PMID: 26461446 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the kinetics of shock-compressed SiO2 is of great importance for mitigating optical damage for high-intensity lasers and for understanding meteoroid impacts. Experimental work has placed some thermodynamic bounds on the formation of high-pressure phases of this material, but the formation kinetics and underlying microscopic mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. Here, by employing multiscale molecular dynamics studies of shock-compressed fused silica and quartz, we find that silica transforms into a poor glass former that subsequently exhibits ultrafast crystallization within a few nanoseconds. We also find that, as a result of the formation of such an intermediate disordered phase, the transition between silica polymorphs obeys a homogeneous reconstructive nucleation and grain growth model. Moreover, we construct a quantitative model of nucleation and grain growth, and compare its predictions with stishovite grain sizes observed in laser-induced damage and meteoroid impact events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Shen
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 93405, USA
| | - Shai B Jester
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 93405, USA
| | - Tingting Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 93405, USA
| | - Evan J Reed
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, 496 Lomita Mall, Stanford, California 93405, USA
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26
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Synthesis of diamond-like phase from graphite by ultrafast laser driven dynamical compression. Sci Rep 2015; 5:11812. [PMID: 26149413 PMCID: PMC4493556 DOI: 10.1038/srep11812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Rapid variations of the environmental energy caused by ultrashort laser pulses have induced phase transitions in carbon allotropes, therefore bringing the promise of revealing new carbon phases. Here, by exposing polycrystalline graphite to 25 fs laser pulses at 4 J/cm2 fluence under standard air atmosphere, we demonstrated the synthesis of translucent micrometer-sized structures carrying diamond-like and onion-like carbon phases. Texturized domains of the diamond phase were also identified. Concerning different synthesized carbon forms, pulse superposition and singularities of the thermodynamical process, we pinpoint the synthesis mechanism by the laser-induced subsequent products energetically evolving to attain the diamond-like phase.
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27
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Ye X, Liu Y, Lv Y, Liu G, Zheng X, Han Q, Jackson KA, Tao X. In Situ Microscopic Observation of the Crystallization Process of Molecular Microparticles by Fluorescence Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201503052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Ye X, Liu Y, Lv Y, Liu G, Zheng X, Han Q, Jackson KA, Tao X. In Situ Microscopic Observation of the Crystallization Process of Molecular Microparticles by Fluorescence Switching. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:7976-80. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Pineau N, Bourasseau E, Maillet JB, Soulard L, Hébert D. Theoretical study of the porosity effects on the shock response of graphitic materials. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20159404037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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30
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Peng Y, Wang F, Wang Z, Alsayed AM, Zhang Z, Yodh AG, Han Y. Two-step nucleation mechanism in solid-solid phase transitions. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:101-108. [PMID: 25218059 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The microscopic kinetics of ubiquitous solid-solid phase transitions remain poorly understood. Here, by using single-particle-resolution video microscopy of colloidal films of diameter-tunable microspheres, we show that transitions between square and triangular lattices occur via a two-step diffusive nucleation pathway involving liquid nuclei. The nucleation pathway is favoured over the direct one-step nucleation because the energy of the solid/liquid interface is lower than that between solid phases. We also observed that nucleation precursors are particle-swapping loops rather than newly generated structural defects, and that coherent and incoherent facets of the evolving nuclei exhibit different energies and growth rates that can markedly alter the nucleation kinetics. Our findings suggest that an intermediate liquid should exist in the nucleation processes of solid-solid transitions of most metals and alloys, and provide guidance for better control of the kinetics of the transition and for future refinements of solid-solid transition theory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Peng
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ziren Wang
- Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ahmed M Alsayed
- Complex Assemblies of Soft Matter (COMPASS), Solvay-CNRS-UPenn UMI 3254, Bristol, Pennsylvania 19007, USA
| | - Zexin Zhang
- Center for Soft Condensed Matter Physics and Interdisciplinary Research, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China
| | - Arjun G Yodh
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Yilong Han
- 1] Department of Physics, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong, China [2] HKUST Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
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31
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Lonsdaleite is faulted and twinned cubic diamond and does not exist as a discrete material. Nat Commun 2014; 5:5447. [PMID: 25410324 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 173] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Lonsdaleite, also called hexagonal diamond, has been widely used as a marker of asteroidal impacts. It is thought to play a central role during the graphite-to-diamond transformation, and calculations suggest that it possesses mechanical properties superior to diamond. However, despite extensive efforts, lonsdaleite has never been produced or described as a separate, pure material. Here we show that defects in cubic diamond provide an explanation for the characteristic d-spacings and reflections reported for lonsdaleite. Ultrahigh-resolution electron microscope images demonstrate that samples displaying features attributed to lonsdaleite consist of cubic diamond dominated by extensive {113} twins and {111} stacking faults. These defects give rise to nanometre-scale structural complexity. Our findings question the existence of lonsdaleite and point to the need for re-evaluating the interpretations of many lonsdaleite-related fundamental and applied studies.
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32
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Kraus D, Vorberger J, Gericke DO, Bagnoud V, Blažević A, Cayzac W, Frank A, Gregori G, Ortner A, Otten A, Roth F, Schaumann G, Schumacher D, Siegenthaler K, Wagner F, Wünsch K, Roth M. Probing the complex ion structure in liquid carbon at 100 GPa. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:255501. [PMID: 24483747 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.255501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We present the first direct experimental test of the complex ion structure in liquid carbon at pressures around 100 GPa, using spectrally resolved x-ray scattering from shock-compressed graphite samples. Our results confirm the structure predicted by ab initio quantum simulations and demonstrate the importance of chemical bonds at extreme conditions similar to those found in the interiors of giant planets. The evidence presented here thus provides a firmer ground for modeling the evolution and current structure of carbon-bearing icy giants like Neptune, Uranus, and a number of extrasolar planets.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kraus
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Vorberger
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, 01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - D O Gericke
- Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - V Bagnoud
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Blažević
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Planckstraße 1, 64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - W Cayzac
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany and Université de Bordeaux-CEA-CNRS CELIA UMR 5107, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Talence, France
| | - A Frank
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Fröbelstieg 3, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - G Gregori
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PU, United Kingdom
| | - A Ortner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Otten
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - G Schaumann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Schumacher
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Siegenthaler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - F Wagner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Wünsch
- Centre for Fusion, Space and Astrophysics, Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom and Tessella, 26 The Quadrant, Abingdon OX14 3YS, United Kingdom
| | - M Roth
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Schlossgartenstraße 9, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
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33
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Tomasino D, Chen JY, Kim M, Yoo CS. Pressure-induced phase transition and polymerization of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE). J Chem Phys 2013; 138:094506. [PMID: 23485312 DOI: 10.1063/1.4793710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have studied the pressure-induced physical and chemical transformations of tetracyanoethylene (TCNE or C6N4) in diamond anvil cells using micro-Raman spectroscopy, laser-heating, emission spectroscopy, and synchrotron x-ray diffraction. The results indicate that TCNE in a quasi-hydrostatic condition undergoes a shear-induced phase transition at 10 GPa and then a chemical change to two-dimensional (2D) C=N polymers above 14 GPa. These phase and chemical transformations depend strongly on the state of stress in the sample and occur sluggishly in non-hydrostatic conditions over a large pressure range between 7 and 14 GPa. The x-ray diffraction data indicate that the phase transition occurs isostructurally within the monoclinic structure (P21∕c) without any apparent volume discontinuity and the C=N polymer is highly disordered but remains stable to 60 GPa-the maximum pressure studied. On the other hand, laser-heating of the C=N polymer above 25 GPa further converts to a theoretically predicted 3D C-N network structure, evident from an emergence of new Raman νs(C-N) at 1404 cm(-1) at 25 GPa and the visual appearance of translucent solid. The C-N product is, however, unstable upon pressure unloading below 10 GPa, resulting in a grayish powder that can be considered as nano-diamonds with high-nitrogen content at ambient pressure. The C-N product shows a strong emission line centered at 640 nm at 30 GPa, which linearly shifts toward shorter wavelength at the rate of -1.38 nm∕GPa. We conjecture that the observed red shift upon unloading pressure is due to increase of defects in the C-N product and thereby weakening of C-N bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dane Tomasino
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Shock Physics, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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34
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Zahn D, Anwar J. Collective displacements in a molecular crystal polymorphic transformation. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40653a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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35
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Xiao P, Henkelman G. Communication: From graphite to diamond: Reaction pathways of the phase transition. J Chem Phys 2012; 137:101101. [DOI: 10.1063/1.4752249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Penghao Xiao
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA
| | - Graeme Henkelman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute for Computational Engineering and Sciences, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0165, USA
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36
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Khaliullin RZ, Eshet H, Kühne TD, Behler J, Parrinello M. Nucleation mechanism for the direct graphite-to-diamond phase transition. NATURE MATERIALS 2011; 10:693-697. [PMID: 21785417 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Graphite and diamond have comparable free energies, yet forming diamond from graphite in the absence of a catalyst requires pressures that are significantly higher than those at equilibrium coexistence. At lower temperatures, the formation of the metastable hexagonal polymorph of diamond is favoured instead of the more stable cubic diamond. These phenomena cannot be explained by the concerted mechanism suggested in previous theoretical studies. Using an ab initio quality neural-network potential, we carried out a large-scale study of the graphite-to-diamond transition assuming that it occurs through nucleation. The nucleation mechanism accounts for the observed phenomenology and reveals its microscopic origins. We demonstrate that the large lattice distortions that accompany the formation of diamond nuclei inhibit the phase transition at low pressure, and direct it towards the hexagonal diamond phase at higher pressure. The proposed nucleation mechanism should improve our understanding of structural transformations in a wide range of carbon-based materials.
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37
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Nanodiamonds do not provide unique evidence for a Younger Dryas impact. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2011; 108:40-4. [PMID: 21173270 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1007695108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microstructural, δ(13)C isotope and C/N ratio investigations were conducted on excavated material from the black Younger Dryas boundary in Lommel, Belgium, aiming for a characterisation of the carbon content and structures. Cubic diamond nanoparticles are found in large numbers. The larger ones with diameters around or above 10 nm often exhibit single or multiple twins. The smaller ones around 5 nm in diameter are mostly defect-free. Also larger flake-like particles, around 100 nm in lateral dimension, with a cubic diamond structure are observed as well as large carbon onion structures. The combination of these characteristics does not yield unique evidence for an exogenic impact related to the investigated layer.
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38
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Reed EJ, Maiti A, Fried LE. Anomalous sound propagation and slow kinetics in dynamically compressed amorphous carbon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2010; 81:016607. [PMID: 20365491 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.81.016607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We have performed molecular-dynamics simulations of dynamic compression waves propagating through amorphous carbon using the Tersoff potential and find that a variety of dynamic compression features appear for two different initial densities. These features include steady elastic shocks, steady chemically reactive shocks, unsteady elastic waves, and unsteady chemically reactive waves. We show how these features can be distinguished by analyzing time-dependent propagation speeds, time-dependent sound speeds, and comparison to multiscale shock technique (MSST) simulations. Understanding such features is a key challenge in quasi-isentropic experiments involving phase transformations. In addition to direct simulations of dynamic compression, we employ the MSST and find agreement with the direct method for this system for the shocks observed. We show how the MSST can be extended to include explicit material viscosity and demonstrate on an amorphous Lennard-Jones system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan J Reed
- Physical and Life Sciences Directorate, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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39
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Niwase K, Nakamura KG, Yokoo M, Kondo KI, Iwata T. Pathway for the transformation from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite into amorphous diamond. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:116803. [PMID: 19392227 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.116803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the discovery of a novel pathway for the transformation from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite foils into amorphous diamond platelets. This pathway consists of three stages of neutron irradiation, shock compression, and rapid quenching. We obtained transparent platelets which show photoluminescence but no diamond Raman peak, similar to the case of amorphous diamond synthesized from C60 fullerene. Wigner defects formed by irradiation are considered to make a high density of diamond nucleation sites under shock compression, of which growth is suppressed by rapid quenching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Niwase
- Hyogo University of Teacher Education, Kato, Hyogo 673-1494, Japan
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40
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Stevens L, Velisavljevic N, Hooks D, Dattelbaum D. Hydrostatic Compression Curve for Triamino-Trinitrobenzene Determined to 13.0 GPa with Powder X-Ray Diffraction. PROPELLANTS EXPLOSIVES PYROTECHNICS 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/prep.200700270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Mundy CJ, Curioni A, Goldman N, Will Kuo IF, Reed EJ, Fried LE, Ianuzzi M. Ultrafast transformation of graphite to diamond: An ab initio study of graphite under shock compression. J Chem Phys 2008; 128:184701. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2913201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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42
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Breusov ON, Dremin AN. Shock-dynamic synthesis of superhard materials. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY B 2008. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990793108020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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43
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Shaw DM, Odelius M, Tse JS. Theoretical X-ray absorption investigation of the uniaxial compression of hexagonal graphite. CAN J CHEM 2007. [DOI: 10.1139/v07-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The X-ray absorption (XAS) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) spectra for the intermediate structures along uniaxial c-axis compression of hexagonal graphite are studied with the first-principles pseudopotential plane wave method. Comparison with experiment is made whenever results are available. A transformation from graphite to a new carbon phase was observed in the simulation. The new phase consists of alternating linkages of the graphite layers via the formation of C–C σ bonds. The calculated XAS and XRD reproduced most but not all of the features observed in a recent experiment. Comments are made on the reliability of the computational procedures to reproduce the XAS of these structures.Key words: graphite, uniaxial compression, ab initio, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy.
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Bruno O, Vaynblat D. Shock–induced martensitic phase transitions: critical stresses, Riemann problems and applications. Proc Math Phys Eng Sci 2001. [DOI: 10.1098/rspa.2001.0829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Bruno
- Applied Mathematics MC 217–50, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Dimitri Vaynblat
- Applied Mathematics MC 217–50, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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45
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Yamada K, Tanabe Y, Sawaoka AB. Allotropes of carbon shock synthesized at pressures up to 15 GPa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/01418610008219086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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46
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Abstract
C(60) powders were shock-compressed quasi-isentropically and quenched from pressures in the range 10 to 110 GPa (0.1 to 1.1 Mbar). Recovered specimens were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and optical microscopy. C(60) fullerenes are stable into the 13- to 17-GPa pressure range. The onset of a fast ( approximately 0.5 micros) reconstructive transformation to graphite occurs near 17 GPa. The graphite recovered from 27 GPa and about 600 degrees C is relatively well ordered with crystal planar domain size of about 100 A. Above 50 GPa a continuous transformation to an amorphous state is observed in recovered specimens. The fast transformation to graphite is proposed to occur by pi-electron rehybridization which initiates breakup of the ball structure and formation of the graphite structure at high density.
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48
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Mailhiot C, McMahan AK. Atmospheric-pressure stability of energetic phases of carbon. PHYSICAL REVIEW. B, CONDENSED MATTER 1991; 44:11578-11591. [PMID: 9999289 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.44.11578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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49
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Robertson DH, Brenner DW, White CT. Split shock waves from molecular dynamics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 1991; 67:3132-3135. [PMID: 10044649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.67.3132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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50
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Hirai H, Kondo K. Modified Phases of Diamond Formed Under Shock Compression and Rapid Quenching. Science 1991; 253:772-4. [PMID: 17835494 DOI: 10.1126/science.253.5021.772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Two modified forms of carbon were quenched by a rapid-cooling technique from graphite sheets shock-compressed to 65 gigapascals and 3700 K. One form, ;;n-diamond," which was obtained from the most rapidly cooled part, has a crystal structure close to that of cubic diamond. The other form, found in the relatively slow-cooled part, was comparable to an i-carbon prepared by an ion-beam technique. The n-diamond is interpreted as a metastable form, the same as hexagonal diamond, converted from graphite through a martensitic transition, for which either the region or the path may be different from that of hexagonal diamond. The second form was found to be produced through reconstruction.
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