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van Drunen J, Kinkead B, Wang MCP, Sourty E, Gates BD, Jerkiewicz G. Comprehensive structural, surface-chemical and electrochemical characterization of nickel-based metallic foams. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2013; 5:6712-22. [PMID: 23755737 DOI: 10.1021/am401606n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Nickel-based metallic foams are commonly used in electrochemical energy storage devices (rechargeable batteries) as both current collectors and active mass support. These materials attract attention as tunable electrode materials because they are available in a range of chemical compositions, pore structures, pore sizes, and densities. This contribution presents structural, chemical, and electrochemical characterization of Ni-based metallic foams. Several materials and surface science techniques (transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), focused ion beam (FIB), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS)) and electrochemical methods (cyclic voltammetry (CV)) are used to examine the micro-, meso-, and nanoscopic structural characteristics, surface morphology, and surface-chemical composition of these materials. XPS combined with Ar-ion etching is employed to analyze the surface and near-surface chemical composition of the foams. The specific and electrochemically active surface areas (As, Aecsa) are determined using CV. Though the foams exhibit structural robustness typical of bulk materials, they have large As, in the range of 200-600 cm(2) g(-1). In addition, they are dual-porosity materials and possess both macro- and mesopores.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia van Drunen
- Department of Chemistry, Queen's University, 90 Bader Lane, Kingston ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Tao F, Grass ME, Zhang Y, Butcher DR, Aksoy F, Aloni S, Altoe V, Alayoglu S, Renzas JR, Tsung CK, Zhu Z, Liu Z, Salmeron M, Somorjai GA. Evolution of Structure and Chemistry of Bimetallic Nanoparticle Catalysts under Reaction Conditions. J Am Chem Soc 2010; 132:8697-703. [DOI: 10.1021/ja101502t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Tao
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Michael E. Grass
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Derek R. Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Funda Aksoy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Shaul Aloni
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Virginia Altoe
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Selim Alayoglu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - James R. Renzas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Chia-Kuang Tsung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Zhongwei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Zhi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Miquel Salmeron
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
| | - Gabor A. Somorjai
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, Materials Science Division and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and Department of Physics, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Turkey
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