1
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Columnar optical, microphysical and radiative properties of the 2022 Hunga Tonga volcanic ash plumes. Sci Bull (Beijing) 2022; 67:2013-2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.scib.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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2
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Long-Term Variation of Greenhouse Gas N2O Observed by MLS during 2005–2020. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14040955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) is a potent and long-lived greenhouse gas that contributes to global warming with a global warming potential (GWP) 298 times that of carbon dioxide (CO2). In this paper, we analyzed the trend of N2O concentration in vertical layers of the stratosphere from 2005 to 2020 using the N2O observed from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) that is on board the Aura satellite. We found that the local N2O concentration showed a downward trend in the lower stratosphere but rose or fluctuated in the upper stratosphere. The reduction reached −5 ppb/yr at pressure levels of 31.62 hPa and 68.13 hPa, with a confidence level of over 90%. The growth was around 1–2 ppb/yr in the upper stratosphere. In addition, a concentration anomaly was observed in the tropical stratosphere in 2013. After the appearance of this anomaly, the N2O concentration in the middle and lower layers of the tropical stratosphere was lower than before 2013. We speculated that the enhancement of the Brewer–Dobson circulation (BDC) upwelling before and after stratospheric sudden warming (SSW) is the main reason for the abnormal concentration distribution in 2013. Stratospheric N2O has changed significantly in the past 16 years with the mutual coupling effect of BDC and SSW and such changes can have further impact on the chemical equilibrium and radiation balance in the stratosphere, as well as on the persistent climate-warming trend.
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3
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Variability of the Aerosol Content in the Tropical Lower Stratosphere from 2013 to 2019: Evidence of Volcanic Eruption Impacts. ATMOSPHERE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13020250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper quantifies the tropical stratospheric aerosol content as impacted by volcanic events over the 2013–2019 period. We use global model simulations by the Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model (WACCM) which is part of the Community Earth System Model version 1.0 (CESM1). WACCM is associated with the Community Aerosol and Radiation Model for Atmospheres (CARMA) sectional aerosol microphysics model which includes full sulphur chemical and microphysical cycles with no a priori assumption on particle size. Five main volcanic events (Kelud, Calbuco, Ambae, Raikoke and Ulawun) have been reported and are shown to have significantly influenced the stratospheric aerosol layer in the tropics, either through direct injection in this region or through transport from extra-tropical latitudes. Space-borne data as well as ground-based lidar and balloon-borne in situ observations are used to evaluate the model calculations in terms of aerosol content, vertical distribution, optical and microphysical properties, transport and residence time of the various volcanic plumes. Overall, zonal mean model results reproduce the occurrence and vertical extents of the plumes derived from satellite observations but shows some discrepancies for absolute values of extinction and of stratospheric aerosol optical depth (SAOD). Features of meridional transport of the plumes emitted from extra-tropical latitudes are captured by the model but simulated absolute values of SAOD differ from 6 to 200% among the various eruptions. Simulations tend to agree well with observed in situ vertical profiles for the Kelud and Calbuco plumes but this is likely to depend on the period for which comparison is done. Some explanations for the model–measurement discrepancies are discussed such as the inaccurate knowledge of the injection parameters and the presence of ash not accounted in the simulations.
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Stocker M, Ladstädter F, Wilhelmsen H, Steiner AK. Quantifying Stratospheric Temperature Signals and Climate Imprints From Post-2000 Volcanic Eruptions. GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS 2019; 46:12486-12494. [PMID: 31857737 PMCID: PMC6916164 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl084396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Small volcanic eruptions and their effects have recently come into research focus. While large eruptions are known to strongly affect stratospheric temperature, the impacts of smaller eruptions are hard to quantify because their signals are masked by natural variability. Here, we quantify the temperature signals from small volcanic eruptions between 2002 and 2016 using new vertically resolved aerosol data and precise temperature observations from radio occultation. We find characteristic space-time signals that can be associated with specific eruptions. In the lower stratosphere, robust warming signals are observed, while in the midstratosphere also cooling signals of some eruptions appear. We find that the volcanic contribution to the temperature trend is up to 20%, depending on latitude and altitude. We conclude that detailed knowledge of the vertical structure of volcanic temperature impacts is crucial for comprehensive trend analysis in order to separate natural from anthropogenic temperature changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Stocker
- Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC)University of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Florian Ladstädter
- Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC)University of GrazGrazAustria
- Institute for Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Meteorology/Institute of PhysicsUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Hallgeir Wilhelmsen
- Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC)University of GrazGrazAustria
- FWF‐DK Climate ChangeUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
| | - Andrea K. Steiner
- Wegener Center for Climate and Global Change (WEGC)University of GrazGrazAustria
- Institute for Geophysics, Astrophysics, and Meteorology/Institute of PhysicsUniversity of GrazGrazAustria
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Kar J, Vaughan MA, Lee KP, Tackett JL, Avery MA, Garnier A, Getzewich BJ, Hunt WH, Josset D, Liu Z, Lucker PL, Magill B, Omar AH, Pelon J, Rogers RR, Toth TD, Trepte CR, Vernier JP, Winker DM, Young SA. CALIPSO Lidar Calibration at 532 nm: Version 4 Nighttime Algorithm. ATMOSPHERIC MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES 2018; 11:1459-1479. [PMID: 33479568 PMCID: PMC7816828 DOI: 10.5194/amt-11-1459-2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Data products from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) were recently updated following the implementation of new (version 4) calibration algorithms for all of the level 1 attenuated backscatter measurements. In this work we present the motivation for and the implementation of the version 4 nighttime 532 nm parallel channel calibration. The nighttime 532 nm calibration is the most fundamental calibration of CALIOP data, since all of CALIOP's other radiometric calibration procedures - i.e., the 532 nm daytime calibration and the 1064 nm calibrations during both nighttime and daytime - depend either directly or indirectly on the 532 nm nighttime calibration. The accuracy of the 532 nm nighttime calibration has been significantly improved by raising the molecular normalization altitude from 30-34 km to 36-39 km to substantially reduce stratospheric aerosol contamination. Due to the greatly reduced molecular number density and consequently reduced signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at these higher altitudes, the signal is now averaged over a larger number of samples using data from multiple adjacent granules. As well, an enhanced strategy for filtering the radiation-induced noise from high energy particles was adopted. Further, the meteorological model used in the earlier versions has been replaced by the improved MERRA-2 model. An aerosol scattering ratio of 1.01 ± 0.01 is now explicitly used for the calibration altitude. These modifications lead to globally revised calibration coefficients which are, on average, 2-3% lower than in previous data releases. Further, the new calibration procedure is shown to eliminate biases at high altitudes that were present in earlier versions and consequently leads to an improved representation of stratospheric aerosols. Validation results using airborne lidar measurements are also presented. Biases relative to collocated measurements acquired by the Langley Research Center (LaRC) airborne high spectral resolution lidar (HSRL) are reduced from 3.6% ± 2.2% in the version 3 data set to 1.6% ± 2.4 % in the version 4 release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kar
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Kam-Pui Lee
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Jason L Tackett
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | | | - Anne Garnier
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Brian J Getzewich
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - William H Hunt
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Damien Josset
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Zhaoyan Liu
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Patricia L Lucker
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Brian Magill
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Ali H Omar
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
| | - Jacques Pelon
- LATMOS, Université de Versailles Saint Quentin, CNRS, Verrières le Buisson, France
| | | | - Travis D Toth
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND, USA
| | | | - Jean-Paul Vernier
- Science Systems and Applications Inc., Hampton, VA, USA
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA, USA
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6
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Impact of Stratospheric Volcanic Aerosols on Age-of-Air and Transport of Long-Lived Species. ATMOSPHERE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos7110149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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7
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Vernier J, Fairlie TD, Deshler T, Natarajan M, Knepp T, Foster K, Wienhold FG, Bedka KM, Thomason L, Trepte C. In situ and space-based observations of the Kelud volcanic plume: The persistence of ash in the lower stratosphere. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2016; 121:11104-11118. [PMID: 29082118 PMCID: PMC5646265 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd025344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Volcanic eruptions are important causes of natural variability in the climate system at all time scales. Assessments of the climate impact of volcanic eruptions by climate models almost universally assume that sulfate aerosol is the only radiatively active volcanic material. We report satellite observations from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) on board the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite after the eruption of Mount Kelud (Indonesia) on 13 February 2014 of volcanic materials in the lower stratosphere. Using these observations along with in situ measurements with the Compact Optical Backscatter AerosoL Detector (COBALD) backscatter sondes and optical particle counters (OPCs) made during a balloon field campaign in northern Australia, we find that fine ash particles with a radius below 0.3 µm likely represented between 20 and 28% of the total volcanic cloud aerosol optical depth 3 months after the eruption. A separation of 1.5-2 km between the ash and sulfate plumes is observed in the CALIOP extinction profiles as well as in the aerosol number concentration measurements of the OPC after 3 months. The settling velocity of fine ash with a radius of 0.3 µm in the tropical lower stratosphere is reduced by 50% due to the upward motion of the Brewer-Dobson circulation resulting a doubling of its lifetime. Three months after the eruption, we find a mean tropical clear-sky radiative forcing at the top of the atmosphere from the Kelud plume near -0.08 W/m2 after including the presence of ash; a value ~20% higher than if sulfate alone is considered. Thus, surface cooling following volcanic eruptions could be affected by the persistence of ash and should be considered in climate simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean‐Paul Vernier
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.HamptonUSA
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVirginiaUSA
| | | | - Terry Deshler
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
| | | | - Travis Knepp
- Science Systems and Applications, Inc.HamptonUSA
- NASA Langley Research CenterHamptonVirginiaUSA
| | - Katie Foster
- Department of Atmospheric ScienceUniversity of WyomingLaramieWyomingUSA
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8
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Stratospheric Aerosols from Major Volcanic Eruptions: A Composition-Climate Model Study of the Aerosol Cloud Dispersal and e-folding Time. ATMOSPHERE 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos7060075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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Trepte CR, Veiga RE, McCormick MP. The poleward dispersal of Mount Pinatubo volcanic aerosol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Bourassa AE, Robock A, Randel WJ, Deshler T, Rieger LA, Lloyd ND, Llewellyn EJ(T, Degenstein DA. Large Volcanic Aerosol Load in the Stratosphere Linked to Asian Monsoon Transport. Science 2012; 337:78-81. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1219371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The Nabro stratovolcano in Eritrea, northeastern Africa, erupted on 13 June 2011, injecting approximately 1.3 teragrams of sulfur dioxide (SO2) to altitudes of 9 to 14 kilometers in the upper troposphere, which resulted in a large aerosol enhancement in the stratosphere. The SO2 was lofted into the lower stratosphere by deep convection and the circulation associated with the Asian summer monsoon while gradually converting to sulfate aerosol. This demonstrates that to affect climate, volcanic eruptions need not be strong enough to inject sulfur directly to the stratosphere.
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11
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Kikuchi KI, Nishibori T, Ochiai S, Ozeki H, Irimajiri Y, Kasai Y, Koike M, Manabe T, Mizukoshi K, Murayama Y, Nagahama T, Sano T, Sato R, Seta M, Takahashi C, Takayanagi M, Masuko H, Inatani J, Suzuki M, Shiotani M. Overview and early results of the Superconducting Submillimeter-Wave Limb-Emission Sounder (SMILES). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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12
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Bourassa AE, Degenstein DA, Elash BJ, Llewellyn EJ. Evolution of the stratospheric aerosol enhancement following the eruptions of Okmok and Kasatochi: Odin-OSIRIS measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Vernier JP, Pommereau JP, Garnier A, Pelon J, Larsen N, Nielsen J, Christensen T, Cairo F, Thomason LW, Leblanc T, McDermid IS. Tropical stratospheric aerosol layer from CALIPSO lidar observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Thampi BV, Sunilkumar SV, Parameswaran K. Lidar studies of particulates in the UTLS region at a tropical station over the Indian subcontinent. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Punge HJ, Konopka P, Giorgetta MA, Müller R. Effects of the quasi-biennial oscillation on low-latitude transport in the stratosphere derived from trajectory calculations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Schoeberl MR, Douglass AR, Newman PA, Lait LR, Lary D, Waters J, Livesey N, Froidevaux L, Lambert A, Read W, Filipiak MJ, Pumphrey HC. QBO and annual cycle variations in tropical lower stratosphere trace gases from HALOE and Aura MLS observations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd008678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. R. Douglass
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - P. A. Newman
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - L. R. Lait
- University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - D. Lary
- University of Maryland Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - J. Waters
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - N. Livesey
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - L. Froidevaux
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - A. Lambert
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - W. Read
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory; Pasadena California USA
| | - M. J. Filipiak
- School of GeoSciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
| | - H. C. Pumphrey
- School of GeoSciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
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17
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Bourassa AE, Degenstein DA, Gattinger RL, Llewellyn EJ. Stratospheric aerosol retrieval with optical spectrograph and infrared imaging system limb scatter measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. E. Bourassa
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - D. A. Degenstein
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - R. L. Gattinger
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
| | - E. J. Llewellyn
- Institute of Space and Atmospheric Studies; University of Saskatchewan; Saskatoon Saskatchewan Canada
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18
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Oman L, Robock A, Stenchikov GL, Thordarson T, Koch D, Shindell DT, Gao C. Modeling the distribution of the volcanic aerosol cloud from the 1783–1784 Laki eruption. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Jäger H. Long-term record of lidar observations of the stratospheric aerosol layer at Garmisch-Partenkirchen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd005506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Bingen C, Fussen D, Vanhellemont F. A global climatology of stratospheric aerosol size distribution parameters derived from SAGE II data over the period 1984-2000: 2. Reference data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Didier Fussen
- Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy; Brussels Belgium
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22
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Tan WW. A case study of excessive subtropical transport in the stratosphere of a data assimilation system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Bauman JJ, Russell PB, Geller MA, Hamill P. A stratospheric aerosol climatology from SAGE II and CLAES measurements: 2. Results and comparisons, 1984-1999. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. J. Bauman
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - P. B. Russell
- NASA Ames Research Center; Moffett Field California USA
| | - M. A. Geller
- State University of New York; Stony Brook New York USA
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Douglass AR, Schoeberl MR, Rood RB, Pawson S. Evaluation of transport in the lower tropical stratosphere in a global chemistry and transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Steven Pawson
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
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25
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Schoeberl MR, Douglass AR, Zhu Z, Pawson S. A comparison of the lower stratospheric age spectra derived from a general circulation model and two data assimilation systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhengxin Zhu
- Science Systems Applications Inc.; Greenbelt Maryland USA
| | - Steven Pawson
- Goddard Earth Sciences and Technology Center; University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Baltimore Maryland USA
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26
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Characterization of stratospheric aerosol distribution for volcanic and non-volcanic aerosols observed through 16 years of SAGE II data (1984–2000). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/139gm06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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27
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28
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Timmreck C, Graf HF, Steil B. Aerosol chemistry interactions after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption. VOLCANISM AND THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/139gm13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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29
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Zhou LB. Analysis of year-to-year ozone variation over the subtropical western Pacific region using EP_TOMS data and CCSR/NIES nudging CTM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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30
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The number and magnitude of large explosive volcanic eruptions between 904 and 1865 A.D.: Quantitative evidence from a new South Pole ice core. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/139gm10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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31
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Yonemura S. Annual and El Niño-Southern Oscillation variations in observations of in situ stratospheric ozone over Peninsular Malaysia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Brinksma EJ. Five years of observations of ozone profiles over Lauder, New Zealand. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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33
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Liu X. Effect of Mount Pinatubo H2SO4/H2O aerosol on ice nucleation in the upper troposphere using a global chemistry and transport model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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34
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Timmreck C. Three-dimensional simulation of stratospheric background aerosol: First results of a multiannual general circulation model simulation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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35
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Shuckburgh E, Norton W, Iwi A, Haynes P. Influence of the quasi-biennial oscillation on isentropic transport and mixing in the tropics and subtropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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36
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Randel WJ, Wu F, Gettelman A, Russell JM, Zawodny JM, Oltmans SJ. Seasonal variation of water vapor in the lower stratosphere observed in Halogen Occultation Experiment data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Andrews AE, Boering KA, Wofsy SC, Daube BC, Jones DB, Alex S, Loewenstein M, Podolske JR, Strahan SE. Empirical age spectra for the midlatitude lower stratosphere from in situ observations of CO2: Quantitative evidence for a subtropical “barrier” to horizontal transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Jones DBA, Andrews AE, Schneider HR, McElroy MB. Constraints on meridional transport in the stratosphere imposed by the mean age of air in the lower stratosphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Stothers RB. Major optical depth perturbations to the stratosphere from volcanic eruptions: Stellar extinction period, 1961-1978. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Schneider HR, Jones DBA, McElroy MB, Shi GY. Analysis of residual mean transport in the stratosphere: 1. Model description and comparison with satellite data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Hall TM, Waugh DW. Stratospheric residence time and its relationship to mean age. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bingen C, Fussen D. Structure and spectral features of the stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles in the UV-visible range derived from SAGE II data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Manzini E, Feichter J. Simulation of the SF6tracer with the middle atmosphere MAECHAM4 model: Aspects of the large-scale transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Balachandran NK, Rind D, Lonergan P, Shindell DT. Effects of solar cycle variability on the lower stratosphere and the troposphere. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Flocke F, Herman RL, Salawitch RJ, Atlas E, Webster CR, Schauffler SM, Lueb RA, May RD, Moyer EJ, Rosenlof KH, Scott DC, Blake DR, Bui TP. An examination of chemistry and transport processes in the tropical lower stratosphere using observations of long-lived and short-lived compounds obtained during STRAT and POLARIS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Andrews AE, Boering KA, Daube BC, Wofsy SC, Hintsa EJ, Weinstock EM, Bui TP. Empirical age spectra for the lower tropical stratosphere from in situ observations of CO2: Implications for stratospheric transport. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kouker W, Offermann D, Küll V, Reddmann T, Ruhnke R, Franzen A. Streamers observed by the CRISTA experiment and simulated in the KASIMA model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Timmreck C, Graf HF, Kirchner I. A one and half year interactive MA/ECHAM4 simulation of Mount Pinatubo Aerosol. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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