1
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Wei Q, Lv P, Zhang Y, Zhang J, Qin Z, de Haan LT, Chen J, Wang D, Xu BB, Broer DJ, Zhou G, Ding L, Zhao W. Facile Stratification-Enabled Emergent Hyper-Reflectivity in Cholesteric Liquid Crystals. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:57235-57243. [PMID: 36520981 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholesteric liquid crystals (CLCs) are chiral photonic materials with selective reflection in terms of wavelength and polarization. Helix engineering is often required in order to produce desired properties for CLC materials to be employed for beam steering, light diffraction, scattering, and adaptive or broadband reflection. Here, we demonstrate a novel photopolymerization-enforced stratification (PES)-based strategy to realize helix engineering in a chiral CLC system with initially one handedness of molecular rotation throughout the layer. PES plays a crucial role in driving the chiral dopant bundle consisting of two chiral dopants of opposite handedness to spontaneously phase separate and create a CLC bilayer structure that reflects left- and right-handed circularly polarized light (CPL). The initially hidden chiral information therefore becomes explicit, and hyper-reflectivity, i.e., reflecting both left- and right-handed CPL, successfully emerges from the designed CLC mixture. The PES mechanism can be applied to structure a wide range of liquid crystal (LC) and polymer materials. Moreover, the engineering strategy enables facile programming of the center wavelength of hyper-reflection, patterning, and incorporating stimuli-responsiveness in the optical device. Hence, the engineered hyper-reflective CLCs offer great promise for future applications, such as digital displays, lasing, optical storage, and smart windows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunmei Wei
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengrong Lv
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Yang Zhang
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiwen Zhang
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, 510006 Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuofan Qin
- Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Laurens T de Haan
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiawen Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ding Wang
- Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Ben Bin Xu
- Mechanical and Construction Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 8ST, U.K
| | - Dirk J Broer
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, Eindhoven 5600 MB, The Netherlands
| | - Guofu Zhou
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, P. R. China
| | - Liming Ding
- Center for Excellence in Nanoscience (CAS), Key Laboratory of Nanosystem and Hierarchical Fabrication (CAS), National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- SCNU-TUE Joint Lab of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM), National Center for International Research on Green Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 378, West Waihuan Road, 510006 Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Information Materials and Technology & Institute of Electronic Paper Displays, South China Academy of Advanced Optoelectronics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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2
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Froyen AA, Grossiord N, de Heer J, Meerman T, Yang L, Lub J, Schenning APHJ. Ink-Deposited Transparent Electrochromic Structural Colored Foils. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:39375-39383. [PMID: 35984641 PMCID: PMC9437895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c11106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in the field of electrochromic devices, developing structural color-tunable photonic systems having both high transparency and flexibility remains challenging. Here, an ink-deposited transparent electrochromic structural colored foil displaying reflective colors, tuned by an integrated heater, is prepared in a single-substrate method. Efficient and homogeneous heating is induced by a gravure printed silver nanowire-based substrate, delivering an electrothermal response upon applying an electrical potential. On top of this flexible, transparent heater, a cholesteric liquid crystal ink is bar-coated and subsequently photopolymerized, yielding a structural colored film that exhibits temperature-responsive color changes. The transparent electrochromic foils appear colorless at room temperature but demonstrate structural color tuning with high optical quality when modifying the electrical potential. Both optical and electrothermal performances were preserved when deforming the foils. Applying the conductive and structural colored inks via the easy processable, continuous methods of gravure printing and bar-coating highlights the potential for scaling up to large-scale stimuli-responsive, transparent optical foils. These transparent structural colored foils can be potentially used for a wide range of photonic devices including smart windows, displays, and sensors and can be directly installed on top of curved, flexible surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne A.
F. Froyen
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Grossiord
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Jos de Heer
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Toob Meerman
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Lanti Yang
- SABIC, Plasticslaan 1, 4612 PX, Bergen op Zoom, The
Netherlands
| | - Johan Lub
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- SCNU-TUE
Joint Laboratory of Device Integrated Responsive Materials (DIRM),
South China Normal University, Guangzhou
Higher Education Mega Center, 510006 Guangzhou, China
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3
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Variation of coating thickness in blade coating process of an upper-convected Jeffery’s fluid model. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-021-01002-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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4
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Hoekstra DC, van der Lubbe BPAC, Bus T, Yang L, Grossiord N, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ. Wavelength-Selective Photopolymerization of Hybrid Acrylate-Oxetane Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:10935-10941. [PMID: 33620140 PMCID: PMC8252527 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
We report on the wavelength-selective photopolymerization of a hybrid acrylate-oxetane cholesteric liquid crystal monomer mixture. By controlling the sequence and rate of the orthogonal free-radical and cationic photopolymerization reactions, it is possible to control the degree of phase separation in the resulting liquid crystal interpenetrating networks. We show that this can be used to tune the reflective color of the structurally colored coatings produced. Conversely, the structural color can be used to monitor the degree of phase separation. Our new photopolymerization procedure allows for structuring liquid crystal networks in three dimensions, which has great potential for fabricating liquid crystal polymer materials with programmable functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davey C. Hoekstra
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Bodine P. A. C. van der Lubbe
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Tom Bus
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Lanti Yang
- T&ISABICPlasticslaan 14612 PXBergen op ZoomThe Netherlands
| | | | - Michael G. Debije
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and DevicesDepartment of Chemical Engineering and ChemistryEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular SystemsEindhoven University of TechnologyGroene Loper 35612 AEEindhovenThe Netherlands
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5
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Hoekstra DC, Lubbe BPAC, Bus T, Yang L, Grossiord N, Debije MG, Schenning APHJ. Wavelength‐Selective Photopolymerization of Hybrid Acrylate‐Oxetane Liquid Crystals. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202101322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Davey C. Hoekstra
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Bodine P. A. C. Lubbe
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Tom Bus
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Lanti Yang
- T&I SABIC Plasticslaan 1 4612 PX Bergen op Zoom The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Grossiord
- T&I SABIC Plasticslaan 1 4612 PX Bergen op Zoom The Netherlands
| | - Michael G. Debije
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-responsive Functional Materials and Devices Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
- Institute for Complex Molecular Systems Eindhoven University of Technology Groene Loper 3 5612 AE Eindhoven The Netherlands
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6
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Zhao W, de Haan LT, Broer DJ, Zhang Y, Lv P, Zhou G. Photopolymerization-enforced stratification in liquid crystal materials. Prog Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2021.101365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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Maassen EEL, Heuts JPA, Sijbesma RP. Reversible crosslinking and fast stress relaxation in dynamic polymer networks via transalkylation using 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2] octane. Polym Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1py00292a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A dynamic covalent network using transalkylation of benzyl-DABCO crosslinkers features fast relaxation with a very strong temperature dependence. The network is de-crosslinked by an excess of DABCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveline E. L. Maassen
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
| | - Johan P. A. Heuts
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
| | - Rint P. Sijbesma
- Supramolecular Polymer Chemistry group
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry
- and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems
- Eindhoven University of Technology
- 5600 MB Eindhoven
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8
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Prakash J, Khan S, Chauhan S, Biradar A. Metal oxide-nanoparticles and liquid crystal composites: A review of recent progress. J Mol Liq 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2019.112052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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9
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Ranjkesh A, Yoon TH. Fabrication of a Single-Substrate Flexible Thermoresponsive Cholesteric Liquid-Crystal Film with Wavelength Tunability. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:26314-26322. [PMID: 31242728 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b05112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Recently, single-substrate flexible liquid crystal (LC) devices have attracted considerable attention because they can provide desirable shapes, small weight, flexibility, and rollability. In this work, we fabricate a flexible single-substrate thermoresponsive cholesteric LC (CLC) film by a facile method called photoenforced stratification method. Our fabricated single-substrate CLC film consists of microscale polymer containers filled with a CLC solution. Our results showed that the temperature response of the fabricated single-substrate CLC film depends on the chiral material doped into the CLC solution. The single-substrate ultrathin CLC film exhibits very high flexibility and robustness without performance reduction. The fabricated flexible single-substrate CLC film may pave the way for the development of novel technologies for thermoresponsive devices with changeable shapes and designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amid Ranjkesh
- Department of Electronics Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Electronics Engineering , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
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10
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Peng H, Yan Y, Yang Y, Zhou L, Wu W, Sun Q, Zhuang J, Han ST, Ko CC, Xu Z, Xie X, Li RKY, Roy VAL. Interface Engineering via Photopolymerization-Induced Phase Separation for Flexible UV-Responsive Phototransistors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:7487-7496. [PMID: 29411961 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b19371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Interface engineering has been recognized to be substantially critical for achieving efficient charge separation, charge carrier transport, and enhanced device performance in emerging optoelectronics. Nevertheless, precise control of the interface structure using current techniques remains a formidable challenge. Herein, we demonstrate a facile and versatile protocol wherein in situ thiol-ene click photopolymerization-induced phase separation is implemented for constructing heterojunction semiconductor interfaces. This approach generates continuous mountainlike heterojunction interfaces that favor efficient exciton dissociation at the interface while providing a continuous conductive area for hole transport above the interface. This facile low-temperature paradigm presents good adaptability to both rigid and flexible substrates, offering high-performance UV-responsive phototransistors with a normalized detectivity up to 6.3 × 1014 cm Hz1/2 W-1 (also called jones). Control experiments based on ex situ photopolymerization and in situ thermal polymerization are also implemented to demonstrate the superiority of this novel paradigm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan Peng
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yan Yan
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | - Yingkui Yang
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Su-Ting Han
- College of Electronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen University , Shenzhen 518060, China
| | | | - Zongxiang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, South University of Science and Technology of China , Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaolin Xie
- Key Laboratory for Material Chemistry of Energy Conversion and Storage, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology , Wuhan 430074, China
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11
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Vadivel SK, Leibovici MCR, Gaylord TK. Bicontinuity analysis of multibeam interference three-dimensional periodic structures: volume fractions and interface areas. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:4948-4955. [PMID: 29047640 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.004948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Bicontinuous structures are an important subset of three-dimensional periodic structures. In multibeam interference structures, the conditions for bicontinuity depend on the beam parameters and the exposure dose. As described in the present work, these conditions can be applied to establish the range of bicontinuity for any multibeam-interference-produced structure. In addition to the bicontinuity range, the analysis yields the volume fraction of the constituent materials and the normalized interface areas. This analysis has been performed for rhombohedral and woodpile lattices as well as their cubic structure limiting cases. A sphere-at-each-lattice-site model for each of the cubic cases has also been developed for comparison. The multibeam interference structures were investigated for representative media and for various incident polarizations.
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12
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Wang M, Guo Y, Hayes RA, Liu D, Broer DJ, Zhou G. Forming Spacers in Situ by Photolithography to Mechanically Stabilize Electrofluidic-Based Switchable Optical Elements. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 9:E250. [PMID: 28773375 PMCID: PMC5502914 DOI: 10.3390/ma9040250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 03/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Electro-Fluidic Displays (EFD) have been demonstrated to be an attractive technology for incorporation into portable display devices. EFDs have excellent optical efficiency and fast switching enabling video content. Ensuring mechanical stability of EFD display cells is a key challenge and essential for developing large area as well as flexible displays. Although the electro-optic performance of an EFD, unlike a liquid crystal display (LCD), is insensitive to cell-gap, extreme changes in cell-gap can result in irreversible collapse of the cell. Here we use photolithography to develop spacers to prevent cell-gap collapse and provide the required mechanical stability for EFD devices. The spacer is formed directly on the cover plates (ITO/glass) after cell assembly with UV light induced phase separation polymerization in the illuminated area. Phase separation behavior between polar aqueous solution and polymer is closely related to the solubility of acrylate monomers. In this work, polyethylene glycol diacrylate (PEGDA) as cross-linker, 2-hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA) and acrylic acid or acrylamide as co-monomers are investigated for fabricating the spacers. PEGDA was added to the mixtures in order to increase the mechanical strength of the spacer. The spacers showed excellent performance for cell-gap control in EFD devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meihong Wang
- Electronic Paper Display Institute, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Yuanyuan Guo
- Electronic Paper Display Institute, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Robert A Hayes
- Electronic Paper Display Institute, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China.
| | - Danqing Liu
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven 5612AP, The Netherlands.
| | - Dirk J Broer
- Eindhoven University of Technology, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven 5612AP, The Netherlands.
| | - Guofu Zhou
- Electronic Paper Display Institute, South China Normal University, Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics Tech. Co. Ltd., Shenzhen 518110, China.
- Academy of Shenzhen Guohua Optoelectronics, Shenzhen 518110, China.
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13
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Robust surface patterning by parylene-reinforced breath figures: An enabling tool for liquid crystal microcell arrays. J Colloid Interface Sci 2016; 465:47-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.11.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 11/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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14
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Kim MC, Zhu Y, Chen C. How are they different? A quantitative domain comparison of information visualization and data visualization (2000–2014). Scientometrics 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11192-015-1830-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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15
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16
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Zhang L, Naumov P. Light- and Humidity-Induced Motion of an Acidochromic Film. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8642-7. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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17
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Urban MW. Stimuli-responsive colloids: From stratified to self-repairing Polymeric Films and Beyond. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2014.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Aizumi S, Shirao M, Yamamuro Y, Koizumi Y, Ono M, Furue H. Fabrication of Liquid Crystal Cell with Phase Separated Composite Organic Film. J PHOTOPOLYM SCI TEC 2013. [DOI: 10.2494/photopolymer.26.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Lu L, Sergan V, Bos PJ. Mechanism of electric-field-induced segregation of additives in a liquid-crystal host. PHYSICAL REVIEW. E, STATISTICAL, NONLINEAR, AND SOFT MATTER PHYSICS 2012; 86:051706. [PMID: 23214804 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.86.051706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism for electric-field-induced segregation of additives, containing a polar group, in a host liquid crystal is proposed. It is shown that the polarity of an applied dc electric field, or the frequency of an ac electric field, strongly influences the segregation of reactive monomers containing an ester group. An explanation of this result is offered based on the association of dissolved ions with polar groups of the reactive monomers. This association is considered to cause these types of additives to drift to the cell surface in the presence of an external electric field. The described mechanism can be applied to the segregation of a broad range of additives in a liquid-crystal host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu
- Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Liquid Crystal Institute, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
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20
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Lin SS, Chan YJ, Lee YD. Photoinduced mesoporosity ofTert-butoxycarbonyl acrylic photosensitive material with low dielectric constant. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.37526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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21
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Ichikawa T, Yoshio M, Taguchi S, Kagimoto J, Ohno H, Kato T. Co-organisation of ionic liquids with amphiphilic diethanolamines: construction of 3D continuous ionic nanochannels through the induction of liquid–crystalline bicontinuous cubic phases. Chem Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2sc00981a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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22
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23
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Jahnke A, Beile B, Meier H. Photo-Cross-Linking of Polymethacrylates with Stilbene Chromophores in the Side Chains. Helv Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/hlca.201100252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ichikawa T, Yoshio M, Hamasaki A, Kagimoto J, Ohno H, Kato T. 3D interconnected ionic nano-channels formed in polymer films: self-organization and polymerization of thermotropic bicontinuous cubic liquid crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:2163-9. [PMID: 21271700 DOI: 10.1021/ja106707z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermotropic bicontinuous cubic (Cub(bi)) liquid-crystalline (LC) compounds based on a polymerizable ammonium moiety complexed with a lithium salt have been designed to obtain lithium ion-conductive all solid polymeric films having 3D interconnected ionic channels. The monomer shows a Cub(bi) phase from -5 to 19 °C on heating. The complexes retain the ability to form the Cub(bi) LC phase. They also form hexagonal columnar (Col(h)) LC phases at temperatures higher than those of the Cub(bi) phases. The complex of the monomer and LiBF(4) at the molar ratio of 4:1 exhibits the Cub(bi) and Col(h) phases between -6 to 19 °C and 19 to 56 °C, respectively, on heating. The Cub(bi) LC structure formed by the complex has been successfully preserved by in situ photopolymerization through UV irradiation in the presence of a photoinitiator. The resultant nanostructured film is optically transparent and free-standing. The X-ray analysis of the film confirms the preservation of the self-assembled nanostructure. The polymer film with the Cub(bi) LC nanostructure exhibits higher ionic conductivities than the polymer films obtained by photopolymerization of the complex in the Col(h) and isotropic phases. It is found that the 3D interconnected ionic channels derived from the Cub(bi) phase function as efficient ion-conductive pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Ichikawa
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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25
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Cheng YJ, Antonucci JM, Hudson SD, Lin NJ, Zhang X, Lin-Gibson S. Controlled in situ nanocavitation in polymeric materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2011; 23:409-413. [PMID: 20715067 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201001755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jun Cheng
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8543, USA
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Scheler E, Betthausen E, Strohriegl P. Synthesis and Properties of Alternating Fluorene-Based Oligomers for Sub-µm Photopatterning. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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28
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Polymer-induced ordering and phase separation in ionic surfactants. J Colloid Interface Sci 2010; 342:93-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2009.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2009] [Revised: 10/06/2009] [Accepted: 10/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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29
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Berthelot J, Bouhelier A, Huang C, Margueritat J, Colas-des-Francs G, Finot E, Weeber JC, Dereux A, Kostcheev S, Ahrach HIE, Baudrion AL, Plain J, Bachelot R, Royer P, Wiederrecht GP. Tuning of an optical dimer nanoantenna by electrically controlling its load impedance. NANO LETTERS 2009; 9:3914-3921. [PMID: 19754071 DOI: 10.1021/nl902126z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Optical antennas are elementary units used to direct optical radiation to the nanoscale. Here we demonstrate an active control over individual antenna performances by an external electrical trigger. We find that by an in-plane command of an anisotropic load medium, the electromagnetic interaction between individual elements constituting an optical antenna can be controlled, resulting in a strong polarization and tuning response. An active command of the antenna is a prerequisite for directing light wave through the utilization of such a device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johann Berthelot
- Institut Carnot de Bourgogne, CNRS UMR 5209, Université de Bourgogne, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, Dijon, France
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Park JS, Han TH, Oh JK, Kim SO. Size-Dependent Isotropic/Nematic Phase Transition Behavior of Liquid Crystalline Peptide Nanowires. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.200900202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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31
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Kwak G, Kim H, Kim MW, Hyun SH, Kim WS. Synthesis and dual alignment of liquid crystalline polymethacrylate bearing 4-styrylpyridine and biphenylene moieties. Macromol Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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32
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Kwak G, Kong JY, Kim MW, Hyun SH, Kim WS. High out-of-plane alignment of liquid crystalline methacrylate copolymer bearing photoreactive 4-styrylpyridine moiety. Macromol Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03218691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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33
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Scheler E, Strohriegl P. Tailoring fluorene-based oligomers for fast photopatterning. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b822894a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Choi MC, Kim Y, Ha CS. Polymers for flexible displays: From material selection to device applications. Prog Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2007.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 748] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Nie Z, Kumacheva E. Patterning surfaces with functional polymers. NATURE MATERIALS 2008; 7:277-290. [PMID: 18354414 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 372] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The ability to pattern functional polymers at different length scales is important for research fields including cell biology, tissue engineering and medicinal science and the development of optics and electronics. The interest and capabilities of polymer patterning have originated from the abundance of functionalities of polymers and a wide range of applications of the patterns. This paper reviews recent advances in top-down and bottom-up patterning of polymers using photolithography, printing techniques, self-assembly of block copolymers and instability-induced patterning. Finally, challenges and future directions are discussed from the point of view of both applicability and strategies for the surface patterning of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Nie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 Saint George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
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37
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Ren H, Wu ST, Lin YH. In situ observation of fringing-field-induced phase separation in a liquid-crystal-monomer mixture. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 100:117801. [PMID: 18517829 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.117801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Fringing-field-induced phase separation dynamics in liquid-crystal-(LC-)monomer mixtures is investigated via a microscope. At a low LC concentration, the fringing field converts the randomly dispersed LC droplets to an ordered droplet array, while at a high LC concentration the fringing field converts the amorphous LC-monomer system to a composite film. Because the LC and monomer are immiscible, the converted morphologies are stable even after the voltage is removed. Using the fringing field-induced phase separation, it is possible to prepare different polymer-dispersed LC morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Ren
- College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32816, USA
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Lin YH, Yang JM, Lin YR, Jeng SC, Liao CC. A polarizer-free flexible and reflective electrooptical switch using dye-doped liquid crystal gels. OPTICS EXPRESS 2008; 16:1777-1785. [PMID: 18542257 DOI: 10.1364/oe.16.001777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A polarizer-free flexible and reflective electro-optical switch using dye-doped liquid crystal (LC) gels is demonstrated. The electro-optical performances of both scattering and absorption based dye-doped LC gels depend on curing temperatures due to domain sizes of polymer networks. Such flexible electro-optical switch is bendable and trim-able because of the vertical polymer networks and gel-like materials. The dye-doped LC gel shows good reflectance ~55%, good contrast ratio~450:1 and fast response~6.4 ms at curing temperature 10 degrees C. The bending curvature is 21 mm. The dye-doped LC gels open a new window for trim-able electronic papers, decorative displays, electrically switchable curtains, and electrically switchable sun control film for the automobiles, homes or commercial buildings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsin Lin
- Department of Photonics and Institute of Electro-Optical Engineering, National Chiao Tung University,1001 Ta Hsueh Rd., Hsinchu 30050, Taiwan.
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Yoshio M, Kagata T, Hoshino K, Mukai T, Ohno H, Kato T. One-dimensional ion-conductive polymer films: alignment and fixation of ionic channels formed by self-organization of polymerizable columnar liquid crystals. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 128:5570-7. [PMID: 16620131 DOI: 10.1021/ja0606935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have prepared two types of one-dimensional ion-conductive polymer films containing ion nanochannels that are both perpendicular and parallel to the film surface. These films have been obtained by photopolymerization of aligned columnar liquid crystals of a fan-shaped imidazolium salt having acrylate groups at the periphery. In the columnar structure, the ionic part self-assembles into the inner part of the column. The column is oriented macroscopically in two directions by different methods: orientation perpendicular to the modified surfaces of glass and indium tin oxide with 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and orientation parallel to a glass surface by mechanical shearing. Ionic conductivities have been measured for the films with columnar orientation vertical and parallel to the surface. Anisotropic ionic conductivities are observed for the oriented films fixed by photopolymerization. The ionic conductivities parallel to the columnar axis are higher than those perpendicular to the columnar axis because the lipophilic part functions as an ion-insulating part. The film with the columns oriented vertically to the surface shows an anisotropy of ionic conductivities higher than that of the film with the columns aligned parallel to the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Yoshio
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
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40
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Synthesis and Characterization of Photopolymerizable Liquid Crystalline Compounds Having Two Reactive Sites. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2007. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2007.28.10.1651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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41
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Kang SH, Jang KS, Theato P, Zentel R, Chang JY. Photoimaging through in-Situ Photopolymerization of Heterobifunctional Mesogenic Compounds in Liquid Crystalline State. Macromolecules 2007. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0712293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hoon Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ki Suk Jang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Patrick Theato
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Rudolf Zentel
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ji Young Chang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and Hyperstructured Organic Materials Research Center, College of Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-744, Korea and Institute of Organic Chemistry, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Duesbergweg 10-14, D-55099 Mainz, Germany
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42
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Wang J, Xia J, Hong SW, Qiu F, Yang Y, Lin Z. Phase separation of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals on a chemically patterned substrate. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2007; 23:7411-5. [PMID: 17521207 DOI: 10.1021/la700565w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The surface-induced structure formation of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) on a chemically patterned substrate was studied for the first time. The patterns on the substrate were successfully transferred to the PDLC film, resulting in alternating LC-rich and polymer-rich phases. This simple approach offers a new means of organizing micrometer-sized LC domains into well-ordered structures in a polymer matrix of PDLCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA
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44
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Xiao J, Cao H, He W, Ma Z, Geng J, Wang L, Wang G, Yang H. Wide-band reflective polarizers from cholesteric liquid crystals with stable optical properties. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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45
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Jaczewska J, Budkowski A, Bernasik A, Raptis I, Raczkowska J, Goustouridis D, Rysz J, Sanopoulou M. Humidity and solvent effects in spin-coated polythiophene–polystyrene blends. J Appl Polym Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/app.26012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Lin YH, Ren H, Gauza S, Wu YH, Zhao Y, Fang J, Wu ST. IPS-LCD Using a Glass Substrate and an Anisotropic Polymer Film. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1109/jdt.2005.863777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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47
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Oriol L, Serrano JL. Zu metallhaltigen nanostrukturierten Materialien durch In-situ-Polymerisation reaktiver Metallomesogene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200501880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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48
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Oriol L, Serrano JL. Metal-Containing Nanostructured Materials through In Situ Polymerization of Reactive Metallomesogens. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2005; 44:6618-21. [PMID: 16187398 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200501880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis Oriol
- Polymer and Liquid Crystal Group, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias-Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón, Pedro Cerbuna 12, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
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49
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Kossyrev PA, Yin A, Cloutier SG, Cardimona DA, Huang D, Alsing PM, Xu JM. Electric field tuning of plasmonic response of nanodot array in liquid crystal matrix. NANO LETTERS 2005; 5:1978-81. [PMID: 16218721 DOI: 10.1021/nl0513535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work we demonstrate the feasibility of electric-field tuning of the plasmonic spectrum of a novel gold nanodot array in a liquid crystal matrix. As opposed to previously reported microscopically observed near-field spectral tuning of individual gold nanoparticles, this system exhibits macroscopic far-field spectral tuning. The nanodot-liquid crystal matrix also displays strong anisotropic absorption characteristics, which can be effectively described as a collective ensemble within a composite matrix in the lateral dimension and a group of noninteracting individual particles in the normal direction. The effective medium model and the Mie theory are employed to describe the experimental results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel A Kossyrev
- Division of Engineering and Department of Physics, Brown University, 182 Hope Street, Box D, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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50
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Mank AJG, Vorstenbosch I, Penterman R, Vogels JPA, Klink SI, Broer DJ. Confocal Raman microscopy of liquid-crystal-filled polymer capsules made by photo-enforced stratification. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2005; 59:965-75. [PMID: 16105204 DOI: 10.1366/0003702054615304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The applicability of confocal Raman microscopy for characterizing thin liquid-crystal (LC) filled polymer capsules obtained by photo-enforced stratification is demonstrated. The investigated structure consists of an array of polymer capsules (typical size 500 x 500 x 20 microm) filled with LC material and is made by photopolymerization of a mixture of monomers and LC. Such an array can be used as the electro-optical component in liquid crystal displays. Confocal Raman microscopy does not require complex sample preparation, is non-invasive, and is shown to have adequate spatial and depth resolution. Although Raman spectroscopy is inherently insensitive, the use of data preprocessing and computational modeling makes it possible to quantify both the conversion of monomer to polymer and the compositions of both the polymer-rich and the LC-rich phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J G Mank
- Philips Research, Prof. Holstlaan 4, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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