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Kohl Y, Biehl M, Spring S, Hesler M, Ogourtsov V, Todorovic M, Owen J, Elje E, Kopecka K, Moriones OH, Bastús NG, Simon P, Dubaj T, Rundén-Pran E, Puntes V, William N, von Briesen H, Wagner S, Kapur N, Mariussen E, Nelson A, Gabelova A, Dusinska M, Velten T, Knoll T. Microfluidic In Vitro Platform for (Nano)Safety and (Nano)Drug Efficiency Screening. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2006012. [PMID: 33458959 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202006012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Microfluidic technology is a valuable tool for realizing more in vitro models capturing cellular and organ level responses for rapid and animal-free risk assessment of new chemicals and drugs. Microfluidic cell-based devices allow high-throughput screening and flexible automation while lowering costs and reagent consumption due to their miniaturization. There is a growing need for faster and animal-free approaches for drug development and safety assessment of chemicals (Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation and Restriction of Chemical Substances, REACH). The work presented describes a microfluidic platform for in vivo-like in vitro cell cultivation. It is equipped with a wafer-based silicon chip including integrated electrodes and a microcavity. A proof-of-concept using different relevant cell models shows its suitability for label-free assessment of cytotoxic effects. A miniaturized microscope within each module monitors cell morphology and proliferation. Electrodes integrated in the microfluidic channels allow the noninvasive monitoring of barrier integrity followed by a label-free assessment of cytotoxic effects. Each microfluidic cell cultivation module can be operated individually or be interconnected in a flexible way. The interconnection of the different modules aims at simulation of the whole-body exposure and response and can contribute to the replacement of animal testing in risk assessment studies in compliance with the 3Rs to replace, reduce, and refine animal experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Kohl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Margit Biehl
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Sarah Spring
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Michelle Hesler
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Vladimir Ogourtsov
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Miomir Todorovic
- Tyndall National Institute, University College Cork, Dyke Parade, Cork, T12 R5CP, Ireland
| | - Joshua Owen
- Institute of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Elisabeth Elje
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Oslo, Sognsvannsveien 9, Oslo, 0372, Norway
| | - Kristina Kopecka
- Department of Nanobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 84505, Slovakia
| | - Oscar Hernando Moriones
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Campus UAB, Bellaterra, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Neus G Bastús
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Peter Simon
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology SUT, Radlinskeho 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Tibor Dubaj
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Chemical Physics, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology SUT, Radlinskeho 9, Bratislava, 812 37, Slovakia
| | - Elise Rundén-Pran
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
| | - Victor Puntes
- Institut Català de Nanociència i Nanotecnologia (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra 08193, Barcelona, Spain
- Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (VHIR), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Nicola William
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Hagen von Briesen
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Sylvia Wagner
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Nikil Kapur
- Institute of Thermofluids, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Espen Mariussen
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
| | - Andrew Nelson
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Alena Gabelova
- Department of Nanobiology, Cancer Research Institute, Biomedical Research Center of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska cesta 9, Bratislava, 84505, Slovakia
| | - Maria Dusinska
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department for Environmental Chemistry, Health Effects Laboratory, Instituttveien 18, Kjeller, 2007, Norway
| | - Thomas Velten
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
| | - Thorsten Knoll
- Fraunhofer Institute for Biomedical Engineering IBMT, Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V., Joseph-von-Fraunhofer-Weg 1, Sulzbach, 66280, Germany
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Chan LCZ, Khalili Moghaddam G, Wang Z, Lowe CR. Miniaturized pH Holographic Sensors for the Monitoring of Lactobacillus casei Shirota Growth in a Microfluidic Chip. ACS Sens 2019; 4:456-463. [PMID: 30644723 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Bioreactors have been used both to develop new, and to improve bioprocess yields for, biopharmaceutical products. However, efforts to miniaturize bioreactors, in order to save costs and accelerate process development times, have been limited by the lack of on-site monitoring capabilities available at such scales. In this study, small volume (3 nL) nonconsumptive holographic sensors were integrated into a glass-PDMS microfluidic chip to monitor via a blue-shift in the resultant holographic replay wavelength, the change in pH during microbial growth of Lactobacillus casei ( L. casei) Shirota. Within the optimal growth pH range of L. casei, the accuracy of the miniaturized pH sensors was comparable to that of a conventional pH meter. Conceivably, this approach could be extrapolated to an array of miniaturized holographic sensors sensitive to different analytes, and thereby paving the way for reliable, real-time, noninvasive monitoring of microorganisms in a nanobioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leon C. Z. Chan
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Gita Khalili Moghaddam
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Singapore Institute of Manufacturing Technology (SIMTech), A*STAR, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Innovis, Singapore 138634
| | - Christopher R. Lowe
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge CB2 1QT, United Kingdom
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3
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Ren X, Yu Z, Wu Y, Liu J, Abell C, Scherman OA. Cucurbit[7]uril-based high-performance catalytic microreactors. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:14835-14839. [PMID: 30051893 PMCID: PMC6088369 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02900h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic microreactors manufactured using microfluidic devices have received significant research interest in recent years. However, little attention has been paid to immobilising metallic nanoparticles (NPs) onto microchannel walls for high efficiency catalytic reactions. We demonstrate a facile preparation of cucurbit[7]uril-based catalytic microreactors, where metallic NPs are immobilised onto microchannels via supramolecular complexation with methyl viologen@cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]). These microreactors exhibit a remarkable catalytic activity owing to the substantially high surface area to volume ratio of the microchannels and metallic NPs. Superior to most conventional heterogeneous catalytic reactions, separation post reaction and complicated recycling steps of the catalysts are not required. Moreover, CB[7] can complex a variety of metallic NPs to its portal, providing a multifunctional high-performance in situ catalytic platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohe Ren
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Cambridge
,
Lensfield Road
, Cambridge
, CB2 1EW
, UK
.
; Fax: +44 (0)1223 334866
| | - Ziyi Yu
- Department of Chemistry
, University of Cambridge
,
Lensfield Road
, Cambridge
, CB2 1EW
, UK
.
; Fax: +44 (0)1223336455
| | - Yuchao Wu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Cambridge
,
Lensfield Road
, Cambridge
, CB2 1EW
, UK
.
; Fax: +44 (0)1223 334866
| | - Ji Liu
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Cambridge
,
Lensfield Road
, Cambridge
, CB2 1EW
, UK
.
; Fax: +44 (0)1223 334866
| | - Chris Abell
- Department of Chemistry
, University of Cambridge
,
Lensfield Road
, Cambridge
, CB2 1EW
, UK
.
; Fax: +44 (0)1223336455
| | - Oren A. Scherman
- Melville Laboratory for Polymer Synthesis
, Department of Chemistry
, University of Cambridge
,
Lensfield Road
, Cambridge
, CB2 1EW
, UK
.
; Fax: +44 (0)1223 334866
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Tang Y, Lu H, Rao L, Li Z, Ding X, Yan C, Yu B. Regulating the Emission Spectrum of CsPbBr₃ from Green to Blue via Controlling the Temperature and Velocity of Microchannel Reactor. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2018; 11:E371. [PMID: 29498710 PMCID: PMC5872950 DOI: 10.3390/ma11030371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The ability to precisely obtain tunable spectrum of lead halide perovskite quantum dots (QDs) is very important for applications, such as in lighting and display. Herein, we report a microchannel reactor method for synthesis of CsPbBr₃ QDs with tunable spectrum. By adjusting the temperature and velocity of the microchannel reactor, the emission peaks of CsPbBr₃ QDs ranging from 520 nm to 430 nm were obtained, which is wider than that of QDs obtained in a traditional flask without changing halide component. The mechanism of photoluminescence (PL) spectral shift of CsPbBr₃ QDs was investigated, the result shows that the supersaturation control enabled by the superior mass and heat transfer performance in the microchannel is the key to achieve the wide range of PL spectrum, with only a change in the setting of the temperature controller required. The wide spectrum of CsPbBr₃ QDs can be applied to light-emitting diodes (LEDs), photoelectric sensors, lasers, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Tang
- Engineering Research Centre of Green Manufacturing for Energy-Saving and New Energy Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Hanguang Lu
- Engineering Research Centre of Green Manufacturing for Energy-Saving and New Energy Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Longshi Rao
- Engineering Research Centre of Green Manufacturing for Energy-Saving and New Energy Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Zongtao Li
- Engineering Research Centre of Green Manufacturing for Energy-Saving and New Energy Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Xinrui Ding
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
| | - Caiman Yan
- Engineering Research Centre of Green Manufacturing for Energy-Saving and New Energy Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Binhai Yu
- Engineering Research Centre of Green Manufacturing for Energy-Saving and New Energy Technology, School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Mosayebi J, Kiyasatfar M, Laurent S. Synthesis, Functionalization, and Design of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Theranostic Applications. Adv Healthc Mater 2017; 6. [PMID: 28990364 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201700306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In order to translate nanotechnology into medical practice, magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been presented as a class of non-invasive nanomaterials for numerous biomedical applications. In particular, MNPs have opened a door for simultaneous diagnosis and brisk treatment of diseases in the form of theranostic agents. This review highlights the recent advances in preparation and utilization of MNPs from the synthesis and functionalization steps to the final design consideration in evading the body immune system for therapeutic and diagnostic applications with addressing the most recent examples of the literature in each section. This study provides a conceptual framework of a wide range of synthetic routes classified mainly as wet chemistry, state-of-the-art microfluidic reactors, and biogenic routes, along with the most popular coating materials to stabilize resultant MNPs. Additionally, key aspects of prolonging the half-life of MNPs via overcoming the sequential biological barriers are covered through unraveling the biophysical interactions at the bio-nano interface and giving a set of criteria to efficiently modulate MNPs' physicochemical properties. Furthermore, concepts of passive and active targeting for successful cell internalization, by respectively exploiting the unique properties of cancers and novel targeting ligands are described in detail. Finally, this study extensively covers the recent developments in magnetic drug targeting and hyperthermia as therapeutic applications of MNPs. In addition, multi-modal imaging via fusion of magnetic resonance imaging, and also innovative magnetic particle imaging with other imaging techniques for early diagnosis of diseases are extensively provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Mosayebi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Mehdi Kiyasatfar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; Urmia University; Urmia 5756151818 Iran
| | - Sophie Laurent
- Laboratory of NMR and Molecular Imaging; University of Mons; Mons Belgium
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6
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Zhang L, Liu Z, Liu LY, Ju XJ, Wang W, Xie R, Chu LY. Novel Smart Microreactors Equipped with Responsive Catalytic Nanoparticles on Microchannels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:33137-33148. [PMID: 28880072 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b09939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays efficient and reliable control of highly exothermic reactions to effectively prevent overheating or even explosions still remains a challenging task, although newly developed microreactor technology has shown promise. Here, we report a novel smart microreactor system equipped with responsive catalytic nanoparticles on microchannels for self-regulated control over highly exothermic reactions by responding to the reaction-generated heat. On the basis of shrinking/swelling behaviors of polymeric networks in the responsive catalytic nanoparticles, the smart microreactor could respond to the change of reaction temperature to tune the catalysis activity of catalytic particles in a thermo-feedback process. As a breakthrough result, highly exothermic reactions carried out in such a microreactor can be well-controlled in a self-regulation process without any manual assistance, efficiently ensuring the safety of the reaction. Such smart responsive catalytic systems have high potential and are attractive as a new generation of efficient tools that feature a self-regulation property for highly exothermic catalytic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Zhuang Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Lu-Yue Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Jie Ju
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Rui Xie
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Yin Chu
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu, Sichuan 610065, P. R. China
- Jiangsu National Synergetic Innovation Center for Advanced Materials (SICAM) , Nanjing, Jiangsu 211816, P. R. China
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Páez-Avilés C, Juanola-Feliu E, Punter-Villagrasa J, Del Moral Zamora B, Homs-Corbera A, Colomer-Farrarons J, Miribel-Català PL, Samitier J. Combined Dielectrophoresis and Impedance Systems for Bacteria Analysis in Microfluidic On-Chip Platforms. SENSORS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2016; 16:E1514. [PMID: 27649201 PMCID: PMC5038787 DOI: 10.3390/s16091514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bacteria concentration and detection is time-consuming in regular microbiology procedures aimed to facilitate the detection and analysis of these cells at very low concentrations. Traditional methods are effective but often require several days to complete. This scenario results in low bioanalytical and diagnostic methodologies with associated increased costs and complexity. In recent years, the exploitation of the intrinsic electrical properties of cells has emerged as an appealing alternative approach for concentrating and detecting bacteria. The combination of dielectrophoresis (DEP) and impedance analysis (IA) in microfluidic on-chip platforms could be key to develop rapid, accurate, portable, simple-to-use and cost-effective microfluidic devices with a promising impact in medicine, public health, agricultural, food control and environmental areas. The present document reviews recent DEP and IA combined approaches and the latest relevant improvements focusing on bacteria concentration and detection, including selectivity, sensitivity, detection time, and conductivity variation enhancements. Furthermore, this review analyses future trends and challenges which need to be addressed in order to successfully commercialize these platforms resulting in an adequate social return of public-funded investments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Páez-Avilés
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Esteve Juanola-Feliu
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Jaime Punter-Villagrasa
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Beatriz Del Moral Zamora
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Antoni Homs-Corbera
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- IBEC-Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, Nanobioengineering Research Group, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER-BBN-Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, María de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Jordi Colomer-Farrarons
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pere Lluís Miribel-Català
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Josep Samitier
- Department of Electronics, Bioelectronics and Nanobioengineering Research Group (SIC-BIO), University of Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- IBEC-Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia, Nanobioengineering Research Group, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER-BBN-Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine, María de Luna 11, Edificio CEEI, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
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Snead DR, Jamison TF. A Three-Minute Synthesis and Purification of Ibuprofen: Pushing the Limits of Continuous-Flow Processing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201409093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Snead DR, Jamison TF. A three-minute synthesis and purification of ibuprofen: pushing the limits of continuous-flow processing. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 54:983-7. [PMID: 25470733 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201409093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 10/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In a total residence time of three minutes, ibuprofen was assembled from its elementary building blocks with an average yield of above 90% for each step. A scale-up of this five-stage process (3 bond-forming steps, one work-up, and one in-line liquid-liquid separation) provided ibuprofen at a rate of 8.09 g h(-1) (equivalent to 70.8 kg y(-1)) using a system with an overall footprint of half the size of a standard laboratory fume hood. Aside from the high throughput, several other aspects of this synthesis expand the capabilities of continuous-flow processing, including a Friedel-Crafts acylation run under neat conditions and promoted by AlCl3, an exothermic in-line quench of high concentrations of precipitation-prone AlCl3, liquid-liquid separations run at or above 200 psi to provide solvent-free product, and the use of highly aggressive oxidants, such as iodine monochloride. The use of simple, inexpensive, and readily available reagents thus affords a practical synthesis of this important generic pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Snead
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139 (USA)
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10
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Martin JE, Solis KJ. Symmetry-breaking magnetic fields create a vortex fluid that exhibits a negative viscosity, active wetting, and strong mixing. SOFT MATTER 2014; 10:3993-4002. [PMID: 24733404 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm00280f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
There are many areas of science and technology where being able to generate vigorous, noncontact flow would be desirable. We have discovered that three dimensional, time-dependent electric or magnetic fields having key symmetries can be used to generate controlled fluid motion by the continuous injection of energy. Unlike natural convection, this approach does not require a thermal gradient as an energy source, nor does it require gravity, so space applications are feasible. The result is a highly active material we call a vortex fluid. The homogeneous torque density of this fluid enables it to climb walls, induce ballistic droplet motion, and mix vigorously, even in such complex geometries as porous media. This vortex fluid can also exhibit a negative viscosity, which can immeasurably extend the control range of the "smart fluids" used in electro- and magnetorheological devices and can thus significantly increase their performance. Because the applied fields are uniform and modest in strength, vortex fluids of any scale can be created, making applications of any size, from directing microdroplet motion to controlling damping in magnetorheological dampers that protect bridges and buildings from earthquakes, feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Martin
- Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA.
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11
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Gunawan CA, Ge M, Zhao C. Robust and versatile ionic liquid microarrays achieved by microcontact printing. Nat Commun 2014; 5:3744. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms4744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2013] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Dubrovskii AR, Kuznetsov SA, Rebrov EV, Schouten JC. Catalysts of new generation and microstructured heat-exchanger reactors for the water-gas shift reaction. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363212120274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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14
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Kundu S, Bhangale AS, Wallace WE, Flynn KM, Guttman CM, Gross RA, Beers KL. Continuous flow enzyme-catalyzed polymerization in a microreactor. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:6006-11. [PMID: 21438577 DOI: 10.1021/ja111346c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Enzymes immobilized on solid supports are increasingly used for greener, more sustainable chemical transformation processes. Here, we used microreactors to study enzyme-catalyzed ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone to polycaprolactone. A novel microreactor design enabled us to perform these heterogeneous reactions in continuous mode, in organic media, and at elevated temperatures. Using microreactors, we achieved faster polymerization and higher molecular mass compared to using batch reactors. While this study focused on polymerization reactions, it is evident that similar microreactor based platforms can readily be extended to other enzyme-based systems, for example, high-throughput screening of new enzymes and to precision measurements of new processes where continuous flow mode is preferred. This is the first reported demonstration of a solid supported enzyme-catalyzed polymerization reaction in continuous mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Kundu
- Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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Noël T, Naber JR, Hartman RL, McMullen JP, Jensen KF, Buchwald SL. Palladium-catalyzed amination reactions in flow: overcoming the challenges of clogging via acoustic irradiation. Chem Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0sc00524j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
The application of microfluidics in chemistry has gained significant importance in the recent years. Miniaturized chemistry platforms provide controlled fluid transport, rapid chemical reactions, and cost-saving advantages over conventional reactors. The advantages of microfluidics have been clearly established in the field of analytical and bioanalytical sciences and in the field of organic synthesis. It is less true in the field of inorganic chemistry and materials science; however in inorganic chemistry it has mostly been used for the separation and selective extraction of metal ions. Microfluidics has been used in materials science mainly for the improvement of nanoparticle synthesis, namely metal, metal oxide, and semiconductor nanoparticles. Microfluidic devices can also be used for the formulation of more advanced and sophisticated inorganic materials or hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Abou-Hassan
- UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR 7195 PECSA, Physicochimie des Electrolytes, Colloïdes, Sciences Analytiques, 75005 Paris, France.
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Rebrov EV. Use of microtechnologies for intensifying industrial processes. THEORETICAL FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s004057951005026x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Jovanović J, Rebrov EV, Nijhuis TA(X, Hessel V, Schouten JC. Phase-Transfer Catalysis in Segmented Flow in a Microchannel: Fluidic Control of Selectivity and Productivity. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie9017918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jovan Jovanović
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Evgeny V. Rebrov
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - T. A. (Xander) Nijhuis
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Volker Hessel
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap C. Schouten
- Laboratory of Chemical Reactor Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, and Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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Rebrov EV. Sol-gel synthesis of zeolite coatings and their application in catalytic microstructured reactors. CATALYSIS IN INDUSTRY 2010. [DOI: 10.1134/s2070050409040096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Al-Rawashdeh M, Hessel V, Löb P, Mevissen K, Schönfeld F. Pseudo 3-D simulation of a falling film microreactor based on realistic channel and film profiles. Chem Eng Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2008.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Droplet-based microfluidic systems have been shown to be compatible with many chemical and biological reagents and capable of performing a variety of "digital fluidic" operations that can be rendered programmable and reconfigurable. This platform has dimensional scaling benefits that have enabled controlled and rapid mixing of fluids in the droplet reactors, resulting in decreased reaction times. This, coupled with the precise generation and repeatability of droplet operations, has made the droplet-based microfluidic system a potent high throughput platform for biomedical research and applications. In addition to being used as microreactors ranging from the nano- to femtoliter range; droplet-based systems have also been used to directly synthesize particles and encapsulate many biological entities for biomedicine and biotechnology applications. This review will focus on the various droplet operations, as well as the numerous applications of the system. Due to advantages unique to droplet-based systems, this technology has the potential to provide novel solutions to today's biomedical engineering challenges for advanced diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shia-Yen Teh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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Hessel V, Löb P, Krtschil U, Löwe H. Microstructured Reactors for Development and Production in Pharmaceutical and Fine Chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007:205-40. [PMID: 17695717 DOI: 10.1007/2789_2007_035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The true potential of microprocess technology for process intensification is not yet fully clear and needs to be actively explored, although more and more industrial case stories provide information. This paper uses a shortcut cost analysis to show the major cost portions for processes conducted by microstructured reactors. This leads to predicting novel chemical protocol conditions, which are tailored for microprocess technology and which are expected to highly intensify chemical processes. Some generic rules to approach this are termed new process windows, because they constitute a new approach to enabling chemistry. Using such process intensification together with scaled-out microstructured reactors, which is demonstrated by the example of gas-liquid microprocessing, paves the road to viable industrial microflow processes. Several such commercially oriented case studies are given. Without the use of new process windows conditions, microprocess technology will probably stick to niche applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Hessel
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, STW 1.35, PO Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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Hessel V, Hofmann C, Löb P, Löwe H, Parals M. Microreactor Processing for the Aqueous Kolbe-Schmitt Synthesis of Hydroquinone and Phloroglucinol. Chem Eng Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200600245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Correction. Nature 2006. [DOI: 10.1038/442613b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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