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Kramer KL, Campbell BC, Achenbach A, Hackman JV. Sex differences in adipose development in a hunter-gatherer population. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23688. [PMID: 34655448 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Humans are unusually sexually dimorphic in body composition, with adult females having on average nearly twice the fat mass as males. The development of adipose sex differences has been well characterized for children growing up in food-abundant environments, with less known about cross-cultural variation, particularly in populations without exposure to market foods, mechanized technologies, schooling, vaccination, or other medical interventions. METHODS To add to the existing cross-cultural data, we fit multiple growth curves to body composition and anthropometric data to describe adipose development for the Savanna Pumé, South American hunter-gatherers. RESULTS (1) Little evidence is found for an adiposity 'rebound' at the end of early childhood among either Savanna Pumé girls or boys. (2) Rather, fat deposition fluctuates during childhood, from age ~4 to ~9 years, with no appreciable accumulation until the onset of puberty, a pattern also observed among Congo Baka hunter-gatherers. (3) Body fat fluctuations are more pronounced for girls than boys. (4) The age of peak skeletal, weight, and adipose gains are staggered to a much greater extent among the Savanna Pumé compared to the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) reference, suggesting this is an important developmental strategy in lean populations. CONCLUSION Documenting growth patterns under diverse preindustrial energetic conditions provides an important baseline for understanding sex differences in body fat emerging today under food abundance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen L Kramer
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Benjamin C Campbell
- Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Alan Achenbach
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Joseph V Hackman
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Huang YZ, Pamjav H, Flegontov P, Stenzl V, Wen SQ, Tong XZ, Wang CC, Wang LX, Wei LH, Gao JY, Jin L, Li H. Dispersals of the Siberian Y-chromosome haplogroup Q in Eurasia. Mol Genet Genomics 2018; 293:107-117. [PMID: 28884289 PMCID: PMC5846874 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-017-1363-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The human Y-chromosome has proven to be a powerful tool for tracing the paternal history of human populations and genealogical ancestors. The human Y-chromosome haplogroup Q is the most frequent haplogroup in the Americas. Previous studies have traced the origin of haplogroup Q to the region around Central Asia and Southern Siberia. Although the diversity of haplogroup Q in the Americas has been studied in detail, investigations on the diffusion of haplogroup Q in Eurasia and Africa are still limited. In this study, we collected 39 samples from China and Russia, investigated 432 samples from previous studies of haplogroup Q, and analyzed the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) subclades Q1a1a1-M120, Q1a2a1-L54, Q1a1b-M25, Q1a2-M346, Q1a2a1a2-L804, Q1a2b2-F1161, Q1b1a-M378, and Q1b1a1-L245. Through NETWORK and BATWING analyses, we found that the subclades of haplogroup Q continued to disperse from Central Asia and Southern Siberia during the past 10,000 years. Apart from its migration through the Beringia to the Americas, haplogroup Q also moved from Asia to the south and to the west during the Neolithic period, and subsequently to the whole of Eurasia and part of Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Zhi Huang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Horolma Pamjav
- National Center of Forensic Experts and Research, Budapest, 1087, Hungary
| | - Pavel Flegontov
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, 71000, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- A.A. Kharkevich Institute for Information Transmission Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, 127051, Russian Federation
| | - Vlastimil Stenzl
- Institute of Criminalistics, Police of the Czech Republic, 17089, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Shao-Qing Wen
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xin-Zhu Tong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chuan-Chao Wang
- Department of Anthropology and Ethnology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Ling-Xiang Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lan-Hai Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales, 75013, Paris, France
| | - Jing-Yi Gao
- Faculty of Arts and Humanities, University of Tartu, 50090, Tartu, Estonia
- Faculty of Central European Studies, Beijing International Studies University, Beijing, 100024, China
| | - Li Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hui Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Contemporary Anthropology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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Bolnick DA, Raff JA, Springs LC, Reynolds AW, Miró-Herrans AT. Native American Genomics and Population Histories. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ANTHROPOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-anthro-102215-100036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Studies of Native American genetic diversity and population history have been transformed over the last decade by important developments in anthropological genetics. During this time, researchers have adopted new DNA technologies and computational approaches for analyzing genomic data, and they have become increasingly sensitive to the views of research participants and communities. As new methods are applied to long-standing questions, and as more research is conducted in collaboration with indigenous communities, we are gaining new insights into the history and diversity of indigenous populations. This review discusses the recent methodological advances and genetic studies that have improved our understanding of Native American genomics and population histories. We synthesize current knowledge about Native American genomic variation and build a model of population history in the Americas. We also discuss the broader implications of this research for anthropology and related disciplines, and we highlight challenges and other considerations for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah A. Bolnick
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712;, , ,
- Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Jennifer A. Raff
- Department of Anthropology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045-7556
| | - Lauren C. Springs
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712;, , ,
| | - Austin W. Reynolds
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712;, , ,
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Aida T. Miró-Herrans
- Department of Anthropology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712;, , ,
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Raff JA, Bolnick DA. Does Mitochondrial Haplogroup X Indicate Ancient Trans-Atlantic Migration to the Americas? A Critical Re-Evaluation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1179/2055556315z.00000000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Demographic History of Indigenous Populations in Mesoamerica Based on mtDNA Sequence Data. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131791. [PMID: 26292226 PMCID: PMC4546282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic characterization of Native American groups provides insights into their history and demographic events. We sequenced the mitochondrial D-loop region (control region) of 520 samples from eight Mexican indigenous groups. In addition to an analysis of the genetic diversity, structure and genetic relationship between 28 Native American populations, we applied Bayesian skyline methodology for a deeper insight into the history of Mesoamerica. AMOVA tests applying cultural, linguistic and geographic criteria were performed. MDS plots showed a central cluster of Oaxaca and Maya populations, whereas those from the North and West were located on the periphery. Demographic reconstruction indicates higher values of the effective number of breeding females (Nef) in Central Mesoamerica during the Preclassic period, whereas this pattern moves toward the Classic period for groups in the North and West. Conversely, Nef minimum values are distributed either in the Lithic period (i.e. founder effects) or in recent periods (i.e. population declines). The Mesomerican regions showed differences in population fluctuation as indicated by the maximum Inter-Generational Rate (IGRmax): i) Center-South from the lithic period until the Preclassic; ii) West from the beginning of the Preclassic period until early Classic; iii) North characterized by a wide range of temporal variation from the Lithic to the Preclassic. Our findings are consistent with the genetic variations observed between central, South and Southeast Mesoamerica and the North-West region that are related to differences in genetic drift, structure, and temporal survival strategies (agriculture versus hunter-gathering, respectively). Interestingly, although the European contact had a major negative demographic impact, we detect a previous decline in Mesoamerica that had begun a few hundred years before.
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Raff JA, Rzhetskaya M, Tackney J, Hayes MG. Mitochondrial diversity of Iñupiat people from the Alaskan North Slope provides evidence for the origins of the Paleo- and Neo-Eskimo peoples. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY 2015; 157:603-14. [PMID: 25884279 DOI: 10.1002/ajpa.22750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES All modern Iñupiaq speakers share a common origin, the result of a recent (∼800 YBP) and rapid trans-Arctic migration by the Neo-Eskimo Thule, who replaced the previous Paleo-Eskimo inhabitants of the region. Reduced mitochondrial haplogroup diversity in the eastern Arctic supports the archaeological hypothesis that the migration occurred in an eastward direction. We tested the hypothesis that the Alaskan North Slope served as the origin of the Neo- and Paleo-Eskimo populations further east. MATERIALS AND METHODS We sequenced HVR I and HVR II of the mitochondrial D-loop from 151 individuals in eight Alaska North Slope communities, and compared genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships between the North Slope Inupiat and other Arctic populations from Siberia, the Aleutian Islands, Canada, and Greenland. RESULTS Mitochondrial lineages from the North Slope villages had a low frequency (2%) of non-Arctic maternal admixture, and all haplogroups (A2, A2a, A2b, D2a, and D4b1a-formerly known as D3) found in previously sequenced Neo- and Paleo-Eskimos and living Inuit and Eskimo peoples from across the North American Arctic. Lineages basal for each haplogroup were present in the North Slope. We also found the first occurrence of two haplogroups in contemporary North American Arctic populations: D2a, previously identified only in Aleuts and Paleo-Eskimos, and the pan-American C4. DISCUSSION Our results yield insight into the maternal population history of the Alaskan North Slope and support the hypothesis that this region served as an ancestral pool for eastward movements to Canada and Greenland, for both the Paleo-Eskimo and Neo-Eskimo populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Raff
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Margarita Rzhetskaya
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
| | - Justin Tackney
- Department of Anthropology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112
| | - M Geoffrey Hayes
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611.,Department of Anthropology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208.,Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611
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Chatters JC, Kennett DJ, Asmerom Y, Kemp BM, Polyak V, Blank AN, Beddows PA, Reinhardt E, Arroyo-Cabrales J, Bolnick DA, Malhi RS, Culleton BJ, Erreguerena PL, Rissolo D, Morell-Hart S, Stafford TW. Late Pleistocene human skeleton and mtDNA link Paleoamericans and modern Native Americans. Science 2014; 344:750-4. [PMID: 24833392 DOI: 10.1126/science.1252619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Because of differences in craniofacial morphology and dentition between the earliest American skeletons and modern Native Americans, separate origins have been postulated for them, despite genetic evidence to the contrary. We describe a near-complete human skeleton with an intact cranium and preserved DNA found with extinct fauna in a submerged cave on Mexico's Yucatan Peninsula. This skeleton dates to between 13,000 and 12,000 calendar years ago and has Paleoamerican craniofacial characteristics and a Beringian-derived mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup (D1). Thus, the differences between Paleoamericans and Native Americans probably resulted from in situ evolution rather than separate ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Chatters
- Applied Paleoscience and DirectAMS, 10322 NE 190th Street, Bothell, WA 98011, USA.
| | - Douglas J Kennett
- Department of Anthropology and Institutes of Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Yemane Asmerom
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | - Brian M Kemp
- Department of Anthropology and School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Victor Polyak
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131-0001, USA
| | | | - Patricia A Beddows
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA
| | - Eduard Reinhardt
- School of Geography and Earth Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales
- Instituto Nacional Antropología e Historia, Colonia Centro Histórico, 06060, Mexico City, DF, Mexico
| | - Deborah A Bolnick
- Department of Anthropology and Population Research Center, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ripan S Malhi
- Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, IL 61801, USA
| | - Brendan J Culleton
- Department of Anthropology and Institutes of Energy and the Environment, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Pilar Luna Erreguerena
- Subdirección de Arqueología Subacuática, Instituto Nacional de Antropología e Historia, 06070 Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Shanti Morell-Hart
- Department of Anthropology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Thomas W Stafford
- Centre for AMS C, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark, and Centre for GeoGenetics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, Geological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark
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