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Pham T, Bui L, Giovannucci E, Hoang M, Tran B, Chavarro J, Willett W. Prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity and their association with metabolic-related conditions in Vietnamese adults: an analysis of Vietnam STEPS survey 2009 and 2015. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2023; 39:100859. [PMID: 37547595 PMCID: PMC10400857 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2023.100859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
Background The abdominal obesity trends and prevalence are important contributing factors to significant rise of many noncommunicable diseases in Vietnam but have not been well-documented in the literature. This study aimed to describe the prevalence and trends of obesity and abdominal obesity in Vietnam from 2009 to 2015 and evaluate how different definitions of obesity and abdominal obesity are associated with metabolic-related conditions. Methods We conducted a secondary analysis based on the Vietnam STEPS (STEPwise approach to Surveillance) cross-sectional Survey 2009 and 2015. Obesity and abdominal obesity were defined using the body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) cut-offs from the World Health Organization (WHO) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Findings Depending on the specific cut-offs, from 2009 to 2015, obesity prevalence increased from 0.8%-10% to 1.7%-16.4% in women and from 0.8%-10.3% to 1.7%-15% in men; abdominal obesity prevalence increased from 3%-31.3% to 8%-41.7% in women and from 0.3%-19.3% to 0.4%-25% in men. Abdominal obesity using WC-IDF and WHR-WHO definitions had noticeably higher sensitivity and lower specificity for metabolic-related conditions compared to the other four criteria. All anthropometric measurements were statistically correlated with biomarkers/blood pressure in 2009 and 2015 except for fasting glucose. Only WC-IDF and WHR-WHO definitions showed consistent association with all reported metabolic-related conditions regardless of sex and survey years. Interpretation The prevalence of obesity and abdominal obesity in Vietnam is increasing rapidly, especially abdominal obesity in women regardless of the criteria used. More studies are needed to investigate how using different diagnostic criteria for obesity and abdominal obesity could better identify metabolic-related conditions. Funding Authors received no funding for this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Pham
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Physiology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Research Advancement Consortium in Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Linh Bui
- Research Advancement Consortium in Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward Giovannucci
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Minh Hoang
- Hanoi University of Public Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Bao Tran
- General Department of Preventive Medicine, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jorge Chavarro
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Walter Willett
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Sisay BG, Jima BR, Habtamu M, Gebru NW, Hassen HY. Predictive ability of anthropometric indices in identifying metabolic syndrome among US adolescents 10 to 19 years old: Analysis from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2018 data set. Nutrition 2023; 113:112081. [PMID: 37321045 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2023.112081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify the best anthropometric indices for predicting metabolic syndrome in US adolescents. METHODS A cross-sectional study analyzed data of adolescents ages 10 to 19 y using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011 to 2018 data. The receiver operating characteristic areas under the curve (AUCs) of waist circumference z score, body roundness index, body mass index, and A Body Shape Index in identifying predicting metabolic syndrome were assessed. Furthermore, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and positive and negative likelihood ratios of all anthropometric indices were calculated. RESULTS A total of 5496 adolescents were included in the analysis. Waist circumference z score had an AUC of 0.90 (95% CI, 0.89-0.91), sensitivity of 95.0% (95% CI, 89.4-98.1), and specificity of 74.8% (95% CI, 73.6, 76.0). Body roundness index had an AUC of 0.88 (95% CI, 0.87-0.89), sensitivity of 96.7% (95% CI, 91.7-99.1), and specificity of 75.2% (95% CI, 74.1-76.4). Body mass index z score had an AUC of 0.83 (95% CI, 0.81-0.85), sensitivity of 97.5% (95% CI, 92.9-99.5), and specificity of 68.2% (95% CI, 66.9-69.4). A Body Shape Index had an AUC of 0.59 (95% CI, 0.56-0.61), sensitivity of 75.0% (95% CI, 66.3-82.5), and specificity of 50.9% (95% CI, 49.5-52.2). CONCLUSIONS Our study found waist circumference z score and body roundness index were the best predictors of predicting metabolic syndrome compared with body mass index z score and A Body Shape Index in both boys and girls. We recommend that future studies develop global cutoff points for these anthropometric indices and examine their performance in a multi-country setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binyam Girma Sisay
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Beshada Rago Jima
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
| | - Marekegn Habtamu
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Medicine and Health Science, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Nardos Wondafrash Gebru
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Hamid Yimam Hassen
- Department of Primary and Interdisciplinary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Brandão TO, Veiga ECDA, Levy RF, Damaso EL, Sandrim VC, Cavalli RC. Assessment by ABPM verified the presence of hypertension in patients with self-reported hypertension, pregnant women, as well as differences between ethnicities in women aged 39–39 years in the Ribeirão Preto cohort. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:992595. [DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.992595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Arterial hypertension is a global health problem and one of the main risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD), and therefore for morbidity and mortality among adult men and women. Factors related to obstetric history, family history, sociodemographic characteristics, and lifestyle habits are known determinants of arterial hypertension.Methods: Case-control study of women belonging to the 1978/79 birth cohort conducted in the city of Ribeirão Preto/SP. Sociodemographic data, presence of comorbidities, maternal comorbidities, paternal comorbidities, comorbidities during pregnancy, and biometric and biophysical markers associated with blood pressure measured by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) were assessed in women aged 38–39 years. We want to study which variables of the previous sentence are related to the presence of hypertension measured by ABPM.Results: Data from 281 women were analyzed. Our results showed that ethnicity, a history of hypertension, and gestational hypertension reported by the women were significantly associated with the presence of hypertension measured by ABPM. Other factors such as marital status, educational level, comorbidities of the woman, paternal or maternal comorbidities, anthropometric measurements or serum levels of cardiovascular markers were not associated with the presence of hypertension measured by ABPM.Conclusion: We conclude that ethnicity, self-reported hypertension, and gestational hypertension are associated with arterial hypertension measured by ABPM.
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Kharibam P, Pathania M, Naithani M, Singh Y, Bahurupi Y, Dhar M, Yadav SR, Singh N. A Comparative Study of Baseline Heart Rate Variability, Sleep Quality, and Oxidative Stress Levels in Hypertensive Versus Normotensive Subjects: A Cross-Sectional Study. Cureus 2022; 14:e25855. [PMID: 35832766 PMCID: PMC9273169 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.25855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To understand sleep quality, oxidative stress levels, and heart rate variability (HRV) in subjects with hypertension. This study aims to create baseline data in hypertensive subjects to research the possibility of further estimating the risk of developing cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in a patient with hypertension. Design and methods: This analytical cross-sectional study, encompassing 128 study subjects of both genders, with 64 hypertensive subjects, analyse the co-relation of sleep quality, malondialdehyde, and heart rate variability in hypertensive and normotensive subjects. The study was done in a tertiary teaching institute in northern India for 14 months. Descriptive statistics were used, and the independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Chi-square were used to find the association among the variables. Linear regression was used to estimate the effect of blood pressure on malondialdehyde levels. Results: Subjects with hypertension were found to have poor sleep quality (Global PSQI score ≥5, p=0.0001) and an increased malondialdehyde level (0.30303±0.17193 µM/L, p=0.0001). The hypertensive subjects were found to have lower parasympathetic activity as indicated by low high frequency (2.79463±473.220280; p=0.0001) and increased sympathetic activity; low frequency/high frequency (2.29823±2.792441; p=0.0001). Multivariate linear regression predicts that with one unit increase in systolic blood pressure, the malondialdehyde level increases by 0.006 units (p=0.002; 95% CI). Conclusion: Among the hypertensive group, there is significantly increased oxidative stress level, poor quality of sleep, and increased sympathetic activity, thereby predisposing the subjects to increased risk of cardiac morbidity and mortality.
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Ejheisheh MA, Batran A, Ayed A, Correa-Rodríguez M, Fernández-Aparicio Á, Gómez-Urquiza JL, Schmidt-RioValle J. Correlation between anthropometric measurements and blood pressure in a population of Palestinian adults. Sci Prog 2022; 105:368504221102782. [PMID: 35635260 PMCID: PMC10450307 DOI: 10.1177/00368504221102782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity can be a major problem due to its potential to cause a number of health issues, including high blood pressure and diabetes. Many reports have come out of Palestine on overweight and obesity and their direct link to non-communicable diseases, although there is only limited evidence available on the connection between obesity and hypertension in Palestinian adults. We aimed to look at the associations between anthropometric and body composition variables and blood pressure in a large population of Palestinian adults (1337 subjects) and determine which anthropometric indices most strongly correlate with high blood pressure. Anthropometric measurements including height, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), and total body fat (TBF) were assessed. A body composition analyzer was used to measure body weight, fat mass and fat-free mass. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure were measured using a Dinamap vital signs monitor. In both males and females, all the anthropometric measurements showed significant strong positive correlations with mean SBP and mean DBP (p < 0.01). SBP correlated the most strongly with waist circumference in all subjects (r = 0.444 in females, r = 0.422 in males), while DBP correlated the most strongly with WC in males (r = 0.386), but with TBF in females (r = 0.256). By controlling fat percentage, WC, HC, and BMI, which are affected by extra weight and lack of exercise, blood pressure levels can be regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moath Abu Ejheisheh
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Palestine Ahliya University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Batran
- Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Palestine Ahliya University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - Ahmad Ayed
- Faculty of nursing, Arab American University, Jenin, Palestine
| | - María Correa-Rodríguez
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (UGR), Avenida de la Ilustración s/n, 18100-Armilla (Granada), Granada, Spain
- CTS-436 Aspectos psicosociales y Transculturales de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Granada, Spain
| | - Ángel Fernández-Aparicio
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (UGR), Avenida de la Ilustración s/n, 18100-Armilla (Granada), Granada, Spain
- CTS-436 Aspectos psicosociales y Transculturales de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Granada, Spain
| | - José Luis Gómez-Urquiza
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (UGR), Avenida de la Ilustración s/n, 18100-Armilla (Granada), Granada, Spain
| | - Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada (UGR), Avenida de la Ilustración s/n, 18100-Armilla (Granada), Granada, Spain
- CTS-436 Aspectos psicosociales y Transculturales de la Salud y la Enfermedad, Granada, Spain
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Comparative Assessment of the Utility of Anthropometric and Bioelectrical Impedance Indices as Potential Predictors of Hypertension within a Ghanaian Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study. Int J Hypertens 2022; 2022:2242901. [PMID: 35127158 PMCID: PMC8813306 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2242901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is an important public health concern that is claiming millions of lives worldwide. In sub-Saharan African countries, where some of the highest prevalence rates are being recorded, sufficient attention has not been given to its control. Objective The aim of this study was to determine the association and predictive potential of different anthropometric and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) measures for hypertension. Methods A total of 812 individuals (204 men and 608 women) were enrolled, and their blood pressure measurement was determined. Direct anthropometric measures (weight, height, waist circumference (WC), and hip circumference) and derived anthropometric measures (body mass index, conicity index, abdominal volume index (AVI), and body adiposity index) were determined. BIA indices investigated included visceral fat level (VF), percentage body fat (%BF), resting metabolic rate (RMR), and skeletal muscle mass. Results A prevalence of 31.28% was observed for hypertension in the total study population, with males having a slightly higher prevalence than females. Except for the skeletal muscle mass, all the other indices measured showed an increasing trend from normotension to prehypertension and hypertension. Age and visceral fat level showed the highest correlation with systolic blood pressure for both genders. Receiver operator characteristic analysis showed that age was the best predictor of hypertension in both genders, whereas, in predicting prehypertension, RMR was the best predictor in males, and WC was the best predictor in females. VF, WC, and AVI were other good predictors of hypertension in this study population. However, BMI and % BF had a low predictive value for hypertension. Conclusion The result of this study shows that within this study population in addition to age, measures of central obesity rather than general obesity are the likely drivers of the hypertension epidemic; thus, measures aimed at controlling central obesity may offer some therapeutic and preventive advantage.
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Nobre F, Schmidt A. Is It Time to Move From Diagnosis to Active Intervention in Brazilian Workplaces? A Call for Action. Arq Bras Cardiol 2021; 117:492-493. [PMID: 34550234 PMCID: PMC8462962 DOI: 10.36660/abc.20210619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - André Schmidt
- Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - Cardiologia, São Paulo, SP - Brasil
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Gutema BT, Chuka A, Ayele G, Megersa ND, Bekele M, Baharu A, Gurara MK. Predictive capacity of obesity indices for high blood pressure among southern Ethiopian adult population: a WHO STEPS survey. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2020; 20:421. [PMID: 32957951 PMCID: PMC7507659 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-020-01686-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND World Health Organization (WHO) consultation experts recommend countries to have guidance to identify public health action points suitable for their country. The objective of the study was to evaluate different obesity indices to predict high blood pressure and its optimal cutoff values among the adult population. METHOD A total of 3368 individuals age from 25 to 64 years were included in this study. Data was collected based on the WHO Stepwise approach. Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WstC), waist to hip ratio (WHpR) and waist to height ratio (WHtR) were measured and calculated. High blood pressure was considered for those with systolic blood pressure above 135 mmHg, diastolic blood pressure above 85 mmHg or taking antihypertensive medications. To generate cutoff values, the receiver operator characteristic curve was generated with the maximum Youden index. RESULT Women had a significantly higher hip circumference (P = 0.003), BMI (P = 0.036) and WHtR (P < 0.001) than men. Men had significantly higher WHpR (P = 0.027) than women. There were significantly higher BMI, WstC, WHpR, and WHtR among those with high blood pressure. The cutoff values for BMI, WstC, WHpR and WHtR were 22.86 kg/m2, 84.05 cm, 0.91 and 0.50 for men and 24.02 kg/m2, 79.50 cm, 0.91 and 0.51 for women, respectively. CONCLUSION BMI, WstC, WHpR, and WHtR are a useful predictor of high blood pressure among adults' rural residents of southern Ethiopia. As the sensitivity for the cutoff values of most of indices were low, further surveys in different settings may need to be done before a conclusion can be drawn on whether or not to review the anthropometric cut offs for high blood pressure in Ethiopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Befikadu Tariku Gutema
- School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
- Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Arba Minch, Ethiopia.
| | - Adefris Chuka
- Save the children international, Konso field Office, Knoso, Ethiopia
| | - Gistane Ayele
- School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | | | - Muluken Bekele
- School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Alazar Baharu
- Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Department of Computer Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
| | - Mekdes Kondal Gurara
- School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
- Arba Minch Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS), Arba Minch, Ethiopia
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Köksal E, Yardımcı H, Kocaadam B, Deniz Güneş B, Yılmaz B, Karabudak E. Relationship between dietary caffeine intake and blood pressure in adults. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:227-233. [PMID: 27589213 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1226276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the consumption frequency of caffeinated foods and beverages and daily caffeine consumption amounts, and examine relation between caffeine and blood pressure (BP). A cross sectional door-to-door interview was conducted with 1329 volunteers between the ages of 20 and 60 (mean ages 29.9 ± 10.8 years) and based in Ankara/Turkey. The rate of individuals whose BPs were above 140/90 mmHg was 13.5%. The median caffeine consumption was 150.0 ± 122.06 mg. Although no significant correlation was found between total caffeine intake and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) of individuals, a positive correlation was observed between daily total caffeine and systolic blood pressure (SBP) (p < .05). Also, when analyzed factors that could be associated with DBP and SBP, BMI had effect in the model formed for both types of BP (p < .05). While smoking status associated with SBP (p = .002), gender and waist circumference related to DBP (p < .05) As a result relationship between caffeine intake and BP was affected other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda Köksal
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Hülya Yardımcı
- b Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Ankara University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Betül Kocaadam
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Burcu Deniz Güneş
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Birsen Yılmaz
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Efsun Karabudak
- a Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences , Gazi University , Ankara , Turkey
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Ononamadu CJ, Ezekwesili CN, Onyeukwu OF, Umeoguaju UF, Ezeigwe OC, Ihegboro GO. Comparative analysis of anthropometric indices of obesity as correlates and potential predictors of risk for hypertension and prehypertension in a population in Nigeria. Cardiovasc J Afr 2016; 28:92-99. [PMID: 27701484 PMCID: PMC5488060 DOI: 10.5830/cvja-2016-061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Obesity is a well-established independent risk factor for hypertension and other cardiometabolic disorders. However, the best anthropometric index of obesity that predicts or associates strongly with hypertension and related conditions remains controversial and inconclusive. Objective: This study compared the performance of eight anthropometric indices of obesity: body mass index (BMI), ponderal index (PI), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist–hip ratio (WHR), waist–height ratio (WHtR), body adiposity index (BAI) and conicity index (CI) as correlates and potential predictors of risk of hypertension and prehypertension in a Nigerian population, and also the possible effect of combining two or more indices in that regard. Methods: This church-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in Anambra state, south-eastern Nigeria from 2012 to 2013. A total of 912 persons (436 male and 476 female) drawn randomly from three major cities (Awka, Onitsha and Nnewi) in the state participated in the study. Information on demography, medical history and lifestyle were obtained using a well-structured and validated questionnaire. The systolic/diastolic blood pressure and anthropometric measurements were taken by well-trained personnel. The resulting data were analysed using descriptive statistics, logistic regression, Poisson regression and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results: The mean values of all the anthropometric indices studied increased from normotension, through prehypertension to hypertension in both genders. BMI, WC, HC and CI were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in females than males. All the anthropometric indices studied were significantly (p < 0.001 except for CI) correlated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. BMI, WHtR, WC and PI (with higher correlation coefficients for blood pressure) showed the best potential potential to predict hypertension and prehypertension in the study: BMI (cut-off = 24.49, AUC = 0.698; cut-off = 23.62, AUC = 0.659), WHtR (cut-off = 0.55, AUC = 0.682; cut-off = 0.5, AUC = 0.636), WC (cut-off = 91.44, AUC = 0.692; cut-off = 82.55, AUC = 0.645), PI (cut-off = 14.45, AUC = 0.670; cut-off = 13.69, AUC = 0.639), in males; and BMI (cut-off = 24.44, AUC = 0.622; cut-off = 28.01, AUC = 0.609), WHtR (cut-off = 0.51, AUC = 0.624; cut-off = 0.6, AUC = 0.572), WC (cut-off = 96.62, AUC = 0.616; cut-off = 96.52, AUC = 0.584), PI (cut-off = 16.38, AUC = 0.619; cut-off = 17.65, AUC = 0.599), in females for hypertension and prehypertension, respectively. In predicting hypertension risk, WC and WHtR did not significantly improve the performance of BMI in the models when included using our decision rule. Overall, CI had a very poor discriminatory power for both conditions in this study. Conclusion: BMI, WHtR, WC and PI emerged the best predictors of hypertension risk, and BMI, WC and PI of prehypertension risk in this study. The combination of high-performing anthropometric indices in a model did not improve their performance. Therefore we recommend the simultaneous but independent use of BMI and either WC or WHtR for predicting hypertension, and BMI and WC for prehypertension risk, bearing in mind that both types of index (abdominal and general obesity) account for different forms of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chimaobi James Ononamadu
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Nigerian Police Academy, Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria.
| | | | | | | | | | - Godwin Okwudiri Ihegboro
- Department of Biochemistry and Forensic Science, Nigerian Police Academy, Wudil, Kano State, Nigeria
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Kumar A. Correlation between anthropometric measurement, lipid profile, dietary vitamins, serum antioxidants, lipoprotein (a) and lipid peroxides in known cases of 345 elderly hypertensive South Asian aged 56-64 y-A hospital based study. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2014; 4:S189-97. [PMID: 25183079 PMCID: PMC4025308 DOI: 10.12980/apjtb.4.2014d153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To address the association of dietary vitamins, anthropometric profile, lipid profile, antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation in hypertensive participant compared with normotensive healthy controls. METHODS Dietary intake of vitamins was assessed by 131 food frequency questionnaire items in both hypertensive participants and normotensive age-sex matched healthy controls. The associated changes in serum antioxidants and lipid peroxidation were also assessed along with lipid profile and anthropometric measurements in both groups of subjects under study. RESULTS Dietary vitamins intake was higher in hypertensive participants excepting for vitamin B2 and ascorbic acid compared to normotensive controls. Anthropometric variables in the hypertensive showed significant differences in weight, body mass index, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-hip ratio and mid-arm circumference. The total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglyceride were significantly higher (P<0.001) in hypertensive except high-density lipoprotein cholesterol which was significantly higher (P<0.001) in normotensive. The serum endogenous antioxidants and enzyme antioxidants were significantly decreased in hypertensive except serum albumin levels compared to normotensive along with concomitant increase in serum lipoprotein (a) malondialdehyde and conjugated diene levels. CONCLUSIONS Based on the observations, our study concludes that hypertension is caused due to interplay of several confounding factors namely anthropometry, lipid profile, depletion of endogenous antioxidants and rise in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Kumar
- *Corresponding author: Dr. Arun Kumar, Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia. Tel: +601116280732 E-mail:
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Dua S, Bhuker M, Sharma P, Dhall M, Kapoor S. Body mass index relates to blood pressure among adults. NORTH AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2014; 6:89-95. [PMID: 24696830 PMCID: PMC3968571 DOI: 10.4103/1947-2714.127751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The blood pressure and anthropometric measurements are important for evaluating the health of children, adolescents as well as adults. AIM The aim is to study the blood pressure and body dimensions and to find out the prevalence of overweight/obesity and hypertension among adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted of all the people belonging to the Punjabi community, residing in Roshanara area and Jaina building in Delhi, for the past 20 years and aged 18-50 years. The men were engaged in transport business and women were mainly housewives. RESULTS Mean values of all the measurements, that is, height, weight, upper arm circumference, pulse rate, systolic blood pressure (SBP), and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were higher among males as compared with females, except skinfold thicknesses. Body mass index (BMI) and fat percentage was found to be higher among females as compared with males. There was a significant positive correlation between BMI, fat percentage, and blood pressure both SBP as well as DBP. Odds ratio showed that overweight/obese subjects were more likely to have hypertension than those with normal BMI. CONCLUSION Prevalence of prehypertension among overweight/obese suggested an early clinical detection of prehypertension and intervention including life style modification, particularly weight management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Dua
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India
| | - Monika Bhuker
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India
| | | | - Meenal Dhall
- Department of Anthropology, University of Delhi, India
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Kumar A. Prognostic implications of ischemia modified albumin in known cases of 86 elderly hypertensive South Asian aged 56–64 years – a hospital based study. ASIAN PACIFIC JOURNAL OF TROPICAL DISEASE 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s2222-1808(14)60483-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Afsar B. The impact of different anthropometric measures on sustained normotension, white coat hypertension, masked hypertension, and sustained hypertension in patients with type 2 diabetes. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2013; 28:199-206. [PMID: 24396679 PMCID: PMC3811700 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2013.28.3.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have aimed to determine whether body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or waist to hip ratio (WHR) best predicts hypertension in diabetic patients, with conflicting results. However, no study has examined the specific relationship between these anthropometric parameters with sustained normotension (SNT), white coat hypertension (WCHT), masked hypertension (MHT), and sustained hypertension (SHT) based on office and ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements in these patients. METHODS Patients with newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes underwent the following procedures: history taking, measurements of anthropometric parameters, office and ambulatory BP measurements, physical examination, laboratory analysis, and random and 24-hour urine analysis. RESULTS In total, there were 65 dippers and 37 nondipper patients. None of the anthropometric parameters were different between the dippers and the nondippers. There were 25 patients with SNT, 32 with WCHT, seven with MHT, and 38 with SHT. A comparison of anthropometric parameters between these four groups of patients showed that WC (P=0.016) and WHR (P=0.015) were different among all groups. According to regression analysis, only BMI was independently related with MHT (odds ratio [OR], 1.373, P=0.022), whereas only WC has been associated with SHT (OR, 1.321, P=0.041). CONCLUSION Among anthropometric parameters, only WC and WHR were different in SNT, WCHT, MHT, and SHT in newly diagnosed patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Konya Numune State Hospital, Konya, Turkey
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Nettleton JA, Villalpando S, Cassani RSL, Elmadfa I. Health Significance of Fat Quality in the Diet. ANNALS OF NUTRITION AND METABOLISM 2013; 63:96-102. [DOI: 10.1159/000353207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Selcuk A, Bulucu F, Kalafat F, Cakar M, Demirbas S, Karaman M, Ay SA, Saglam K, Balta S, Demirkol S, Arslan E. Skinfold thickness as a predictor of arterial stiffness: obesity and fatness linked to higher stiffness measurements in hypertensive patients. Clin Exp Hypertens 2012. [PMID: 23194427 DOI: 10.3109/10641963.2012.746357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypertensive patients have strong evidence of endothelial dysfunction. Some novel endothelial dysfunction parameters such as pulse wave velocity (PWV), augmentation index (AIx), and central aortic pressure (CAP) have been investigated as predictive markers of atherosclerosis. It is well known that obesity has relationships with endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. We aimed to investigate relationships between anthropometric measurements and arterial stiffness parameters in essentially hypertensive patients. The study population included 100 patients (56 females, 44 males) newly or formerly diagnosed as essentially hypertensive in an outpatient clinic. Arterial stiffness measurements, including PWV, AIx, CAP, and body mass index (BMI); waist circumference, hip circumference; waist/hip ratio; and triceps, biceps, subscapular, and suprailiac skinfold thicknesses were also applied to all the study patients. Then, the relationships between BMI, anthropometric measurements, and arterial stiffness parameters were investigated. The mean systolic arterial blood pressure of the study population was 135.85 ± 15.27 mm Hg and the mean diastolic arterial blood pressure of the study population was 84.17 ± 9.58 mm Hg. The parameters such as PWV, AIx, and CAP measured for arterial stiffness had correlations between BMI and different anthropometric measurements. The statistically significant correlations were present between PWV and triceps skinfold thickness (TST) (r = 0.377, P < .001) and it was also seen when regression analysis was performed (PWV = 6.41 + [0.072 × TST]; R(2) = 0.142, F[1-98] = 16.23, P < .001). Triceps skinfold thickness among these correlations may be used to estimate the carotid-femoral PWV, which is an indicator of subclinical organ damage due to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Selcuk
- Gulhane Medical Academy, Department of Internal Medicine , Ankara , Turkey
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Gopinath B, Baur LA, Garnett S, Pfund N, Burlutsky G, Mitchell P. Body mass index and waist circumference are associated with blood pressure in preschool-aged children. Ann Epidemiol 2011; 21:351-7. [PMID: 21458728 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2010] [Revised: 01/07/2011] [Accepted: 02/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Population-derived data on the association between body mass index (BMI) and blood pressure (BP) during early childhood are lacking. We investigated the association between BMI, waist circumference, and BP among preschool-aged children. METHODS A total of 1294 children ages 3 to 6 years were examined in the Sydney Paediatric Eye Disease Study during 2007 to 2009. Height, weight, and waist circumference were collected and BMI calculated. The weight status of each child was classified on the basis of age- and sex-specific BMI percentiles. BP was measured by the use of a standard protocol. RESULTS A prevalence of 11.0% and 15.1% of children were obese or overweight, respectively. The prevalence of elevated BP was 21.3% among obese children compared with 12.4% of nonoverweight/obese children (p = .03). An increase of 1 BMI unit was independently associated with, on average, a 0.57 and 0.56 mm Hg increase in systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. Each unit increase in waist circumference was associated with a 0.14 and 0.23 mm Hg increase in systolic and diastolic BP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A strong and independent association between adiposity and BP was present during early childhood. These data have important public health implications because elevated BP at a young age may be associated with increased cardiovascular risk in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bamini Gopinath
- Centre for Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology and Westmead Millennium Institute, University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
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