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Zhang C, Zhang B, Zhang X, Wang M, Sun X, Sun G. Panax notoginseng Saponin Protects Against Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Through Lipid Metabolism Modulation. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e023540. [PMID: 35112884 PMCID: PMC9245810 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.121.023540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background People with diabetes are more likely to develop cardiovascular diseases. Lipotoxicity plays a key role in the development of diabetic cardiomyopathy. Panax notoginseng saponin (PNS) has been used to treat diabetes and obesity. However, the role of PNS in diabetic cardiomyopathy remains unclear. Methods and Results Diabetic db/db mice received high‐dose (200 mg/kg per day) or medium‐dose (100 mg/kg per day) PNS by gavage for 12 weeks until week 36. Lipid accumulation and cardiac function in diabetic mice were detected and possible mechanisms involved were explored. PNS significantly improved body weight, body fat content, serum lipids, adipocytokines, and antioxidative function in db/db mice. Lipid accumulation in adipose tissue, liver, and heart were also alleviated by PNS treatment. Cardiac function and mitochondrial structure were also improved by PNS. H9c2 cells were treated with palmitate acid, and PNS pretreatment reduced lipid accumulation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, as well as improved mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate. Levels of proteins and expression of genes related to glucose and lipid metabolism, antioxidative function, and mitochondrial dynamics were also improved by PNS administration. Conclusions PNS attenuated heart dysfunction in diabetic mice by reducing lipotoxicity as well as modulating oxidative stress and improving mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Bin Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xuelian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Min Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational MedicineInstitute of Medicinal Plant DevelopmentPeking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal MedicineMinistry of EducationBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of Efficacy Evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glycolipid Metabolic DisordersState Administration of Traditional Chinese MedicineBeijingChina
- NMPA Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of PharmacovigilanceBeijingChina
- Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health ProductsBeijingChina
- Key Laboratory of New Drug Discovery Based on Classic Chinese Medicine PrescriptionChinese Academy of Medical SciencesBeijingChina
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2
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Zhang B, Zhang CY, Zhang XL, Sun GB, Sun XB. Guan Xin Dan Shen formulation protects db/db mice against diabetic cardiomyopathy via activation of Nrf2 signaling. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:531. [PMID: 34036388 PMCID: PMC8170264 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Guan Xin Dan Shen formulation (GXDSF) is a widely used treatment for the management of coronary heart disease in China and is composed of three primary components: Dalbergiae odoriferae Lignum, Salviae miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Panax notoginseng Radix et Rhizoma. However, the potential use of GXDSF for the management of diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) has not been previously assessed. The present study aimed to assess the effects of GXDSF on DCM, as well as the underlying mechanism. In the present study, db/db mice were used. Following treatment with GXDSF for 10 weeks, fasting blood glucose, insulin sensitivity, serum lipid levels and cardiac enzyme levels were detected. Cardiac pathological alterations and cardiac function were assessed by performing hematoxylin and eosin staining and echocardiograms, respectively. TUNEL assays were conducted to assess cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Additionally, reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting were performed to evaluate the expression of apoptosis‑associated genes and proteins, respectively. In the model group, the db/db mice displayed obesity, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia, accompanied by noticeable myocardial hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction. Following treatment with GXDSF for 10 weeks, serum triglyceride levels were lower and insulin sensitivity was enhanced in db/db mice compared with the model group, which indicated improvement in condition. Cardiac hypertrophy and dysfunction were also improved in db/db mice following treatment with GXDSF, resulting in significantly increased left ventricular ejection fraction and fractional shortening compared with the model group. Following treatment with metformin or GXDSF, model‑induced increases in levels of myocardial enzymes were decreased in the moderate and high dose groups. Moreover, the results indicated that, compared with the model group, GXDSF significantly inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic heart tissues by increasing Bcl‑2 expression and decreasing the expression levels of Bax, cleaved caspase‑3 and cleaved caspase‑9. Mechanistically, GXDSF enhanced Akt phosphorylation, which upregulated antioxidant enzymes mediated by nuclear factor erythroid 2‑related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling. Collectively, the results of the present study indicated that GXDSF attenuated cardiac dysfunction and inhibited cardiomyocyte apoptosis in diabetic mice via activation of Akt/Nrf2 signaling. Therefore, GXDSF may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of DCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Chen-Yang Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xue-Lian Zhang
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Gui-Bo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Bo Sun
- Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, P.R. China
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3
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Abstract
The presence of comorbidities significantly influences long-term morbidity and mortality of symptomatic and asymptomatic heart failure (HF) patients. Metabolic syndrome and diabetic cardiomyopathy are two clinical conditions that share multiple pathophysiological mechanisms and that might be both responsible for cardiac dysfunction. However, it is argued whether metabolic syndrome (MS) independently increases HF risk or the association between MS and HF merely reflects the impact of individual risk factors included in its definition on HF development. Similarly, in the context of diabetic cardiomyopathy, many aspects are still challenging starting from the definition up to the therapeutic management. In this clinical review, we focused the attention on molecular pathways, myocyte alterations, and specific patterns of metabolic syndrome and diabetic cardiomyopathy in order to better define the potential diagnostic and therapeutic approaches of these two pathological conditions.
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Kerch G. Role of Changes in State of Bound Water and Tissue Stiffness in Development of Age-Related Diseases. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12061362. [PMID: 32560459 PMCID: PMC7361708 DOI: 10.3390/polym12061362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An essential effect of environmental stiffness on biological processes in cells at present is generally accepted. An increase in arterial stiffness with advanced age has been reported in many publications. The aim of the present review is to summarize current information about possible chemical reactions and physical processes that lead to tissue stiffening and result in age-related diseases in order to find methods that can prevent or retard time-dependent tissue stiffening. The analysis of published data shows that bound water acts as a plasticizer of biological tissues, a decrease in bound water content results in an increase in biological tissue stiffness, and increased tissue stiffness leads to NF-kB activation and triggered actin polymerization-NF-kB activation is associated with age-related diseases. It can be suggested that changes in bound water content through changing tissue stiffness can affect cellular processes and the development of pathologies related to aging. Both age-related diseases and COVID-19 may be associated with tight-junction disruption and increased tissue stiffness and permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Kerch
- Faculty of Materials Science and Applied Chemistry, Riga Technical University, 1048 Riga, Latvia
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5
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Paolillo S, Marsico F, Prastaro M, Renga F, Esposito L, De Martino F, Di Napoli P, Esposito I, Ambrosio A, Ianniruberto M, Mennella R, Paolillo R, Gargiulo P. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Definition, Diagnosis, and Therapeutic Implications. Heart Fail Clin 2019; 15:341-347. [PMID: 31079692 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2019.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A strict bidirectional relationship exists between diabetes mellitus and heart failure. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a specific cardiac manifestation of patients with diabetes characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction in the early phase up to overt heart failure with reduced systolic function in the advanced stages. The pathogenesis of this condition is multifactorial and recognizes as main promoting factors the presence of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia. Diabetic cardiomyopathy exerts a negative prognostic impact in affected patients and no target treatments are currently available. More efforts are needed to better define the diagnostic and therapeutic approach in this specific setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabio Marsico
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy; Center for Congenital Heart Disease, University Hospital Inselspital, University of Bern, Freiburrgstrasse 18, Bern 3010, Switzerland
| | - Maria Prastaro
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Francesco Renga
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Luca Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Fabiana De Martino
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Di Napoli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Immacolata Esposito
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Antonio Ambrosio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Monica Ianniruberto
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Rosa Mennella
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
| | - Roberta Paolillo
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Section of Cardiology, Federico II University of Naples, Via Sergio Pansini, 5, Naples 80131, Italy
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6
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Chang GJ, Yeh YH, Chen WJ, Ko YS, Pang JHS, Lee HY. Inhibition of Advanced Glycation End Products Formation Attenuates Cardiac Electrical and Mechanical Remodeling and Vulnerability to Tachyarrhythmias in Diabetic Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 368:66-78. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.252080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Lee MMY, McMurray JJV, Lorenzo-Almorós A, Kristensen SL, Sattar N, Jhund PS, Petrie MC. Diabetic cardiomyopathy. Heart 2018; 105:337-345. [PMID: 30337334 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2016-310342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Meng Yang Lee
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John J V McMurray
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ana Lorenzo-Almorós
- Renal, Vascular and Diabetes Laboratory, Instituto de Investigaciónes Sanitarias-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
| | - Søren Lund Kristensen
- Department of Cardiology, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Naveed Sattar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Pardeep S Jhund
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark C Petrie
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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8
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Senatus LM, Schmidt AM. The AGE-RAGE Axis: Implications for Age-Associated Arterial Diseases. Front Genet 2017; 8:187. [PMID: 29259621 PMCID: PMC5723304 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2017.00187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The process of advanced glycation leads to the generation and accumulation of an heterogeneous class of molecules called advanced glycation endproducts, or AGEs. AGEs are produced to accelerated degrees in disorders such as diabetes, renal failure, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and in aging. Further, AGEs are present in foods and in tobacco products. Hence, through both endogenous production and exogenous consumption, AGEs perturb vascular homeostasis by a number of means; in the first case, AGEs can cause cross-linking of long-lived molecules in the basement membranes such as collagens, thereby leading to “vascular stiffening” and processes that lead to hyperpermeability and loss of structural integrity. Second, AGEs interaction with their major cell surface signal transduction receptor for AGE or RAGE sets off a cascade of events leading to modulation of gene expression and loss of vascular and tissue homeostasis, processes that contribute to cardiovascular disease. In addition, it has been shown that an enzyme, which plays key roles in the detoxification of pre-AGE species, glyoxalase 1 (GLO1), is reduced in aged and diabetic tissues. In the diabetic kidney devoid of Ager (gene encoding RAGE), higher levels of Glo1 mRNA and GLO1 protein and activity were observed, suggesting that in conditions of high AGE accumulation, natural defenses may be mitigated, at least in part through RAGE. AGEs are a marker of arterial aging and may be detected by both biochemical means, as well as measurement of “skin autofluorescence.” In this review, we will detail the pathobiology of the AGE-RAGE axis and the consequences of its activation in the vasculature and conclude with potential avenues for therapeutic interruption of the AGE-RAGE ligand-RAGE pathways as means to forestall the deleterious consequences of AGE accumulation and signaling via RAGE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M Senatus
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Ann Marie Schmidt
- Diabetes Research Program, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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9
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Mishra PK, Ying W, Nandi SS, Bandyopadhyay GK, Patel KK, Mahata SK. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: An Immunometabolic Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:72. [PMID: 28439258 PMCID: PMC5384479 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heart possesses a remarkable inherent capability to adapt itself to a wide array of genetic and extrinsic factors to maintain contractile function. Failure to sustain its compensatory responses results in cardiac dysfunction, leading to cardiomyopathy. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is characterized by left ventricular hypertrophy and reduced diastolic function, with or without concurrent systolic dysfunction in the absence of hypertension and coronary artery disease. Changes in substrate metabolism, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress, formation of extracellular matrix proteins, and advanced glycation end products constitute the early stage in DCM. These early events are followed by steatosis (accumulation of lipid droplets) in cardiomyocytes, which is followed by apoptosis, changes in immune responses with a consequent increase in fibrosis, remodeling of cardiomyocytes, and the resultant decrease in cardiac function. The heart is an omnivore, metabolically flexible, and consumes the highest amount of ATP in the body. Altered myocardial substrate and energy metabolism initiate the development of DCM. Diabetic hearts shift away from the utilization of glucose, rely almost completely on fatty acids (FAs) as the energy source, and become metabolically inflexible. Oxidation of FAs is metabolically inefficient as it consumes more energy. In addition to metabolic inflexibility and energy inefficiency, the diabetic heart suffers from impaired calcium handling with consequent alteration of relaxation-contraction dynamics leading to diastolic and systolic dysfunction. Sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) plays a key role in excitation-contraction coupling as Ca2+ is transported into the SR by the SERCA2a (sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase 2a) during cardiac relaxation. Diabetic cardiomyocytes display decreased SERCA2a activity and leaky Ca2+ release channel resulting in reduced SR calcium load. The diabetic heart also suffers from marked downregulation of novel cardioprotective microRNAs (miRNAs) discovered recently. Since immune responses and substrate energy metabolism are critically altered in diabetes, the present review will focus on immunometabolism and miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paras K. Mishra
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- *Correspondence: Paras K. Mishra, ; Sushil K. Mahata,
| | - Wei Ying
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shyam Sundar Nandi
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Gautam K. Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kaushik K. Patel
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Sushil K. Mahata
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Metabolic Physiology and Ultrastructural Biology Laboratory, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- *Correspondence: Paras K. Mishra, ; Sushil K. Mahata,
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Long-term treatment with nicotinamide induces glucose intolerance and skeletal muscle lipotoxicity in normal chow-fed mice: compared to diet-induced obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 36:31-41. [PMID: 27567590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Revised: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Nicotinamide (NAM), or vitamin B3, is an essential coenzyme for ATP synthesis and an inhibitor of sirtuin 1. Recently, conflicting results were reported regarding the treatment of NAM in type 2 diabetes and obesity. The aim of this study was to determine whether and how long-term treatment with NAM at lower dose would affect insulin sensitivity in mice fed chow diet. We treated mice with NAM (100 mg/kg/day) and normal chow for 8 weeks. Strikingly, NAM induced glucose intolerance and skeletal muscle lipid accumulation in nonobese mice. NAM impaired mitochondrial respiration capacity and energy production in skeletal muscle, in combination with increased expression of the mediators for mitophagy (p62, PINK1, PARK2 and NIX) and autophagy (FOXO3, Bnip3, CTSL, Beclin1 and LC-3b). Next, we treated mice with high-fat diet (HFD) and resveratrol (RSV; 100 mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks. RSV protected against HFD-induced insulin resistance and obesity. HFD increased skeletal muscle lipid content as well as NAM, but this increase was attenuated by RSV. In contrast to NAM, HFD enhanced fatty acid oxidative capacity. Muscle transcript levels of genes for mitophagy and autophagy were largely suppressed by HFD, whereas RSV did not rescue these effects. These differences suggest that skeletal muscle autophagy may represent adaptive response to NAM-induced lipotoxicity, whereas reduced autophagy in skeletal muscle may promote HFD-induced lipotoxicity. Our results demonstrate that chronic NAM supplementation in healthy individuals, although at lower dose than previously reported, is still detrimental to glucose homeostasis and skeletal muscle lipid metabolism.
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Ko YH, Tsai MS, Chang RW, Chang CY, Wang CH, Wu MS, Liang JT, Chang KC. Methylprednisolone Protects Cardiac Pumping Mechanics from Deteriorating in Lipopolysaccharide-Treated Rats. Front Physiol 2015; 6:348. [PMID: 26635633 PMCID: PMC4659924 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2015.00348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been shown that a prolonged low-dose corticosteroid treatment attenuates the severity of inflammation and the intensity and duration of organ system failure. In the present study, we determined whether low-dose methylprednisolone (a synthetic glucocorticoid) can protect male Wistar rats against cardiac pumping defects caused by lipopolysaccharide-induced chronic inflammation. For the induction of chronic inflammation, a slow-release ALZET osmotic pump was subcutaneously implanted to infuse lipopolysaccharide (1 mg kg(-1) d(-1)) for 2 weeks. The lipopolysaccharide-challenged rats were treated on a daily basis with intraperitoneal injection of methylprednisolone (5 mg kg(-1) d(-1)) for 2 weeks. Under conditions of anesthesia and open chest, we recorded left ventricular (LV) pressure and ascending aortic flow signals to calculate the maximal systolic elastance (E max) and the theoretical maximum flow (Q max), using the elastance-resistance model. Physically, E max reflects the contractility of the myocardium as an intact heart, whereas Q max has an inverse relationship with the LV internal resistance. Compared with the sham rats, the cardiodynamic condition was characterized by a decline in E max associated with the increased Q max in the lipopolysaccharide-treated rats. Methylprednisolone therapy increased E max, which suggests that the drug may have protected the contractile status from deteriorating in the inflamed heart. By contrast, methylprednisolone therapy considerably reduced Q max, indicating that the drug may have normalized the LV internal resistance. In parallel, the benefits of methylprednisolone on the LV systolic pumping mechanics were associated with the reduced cardiac levels of negative inotropic molecules such as peroxynitrite, malondialdehyde, and high-mobility group box 1 protein. Based on these data, we suggested that low-dose methylprednisolone might prevent lipopolysaccharide-induced decline in cardiac intrinsic contractility and LV internal resistance, possibly through its ability to reduce the aforementioned myocardial depressant substances. However, since our results were obtained in anesthetized open-chest rats, extrapolation to what may occur in conscious intact animals should be done with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Hui Ko
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Ru-Wen Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsien Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Shiou Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Tung Liang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chu Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University Taipei, Taiwan
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Challenges and issues with streptozotocin-induced diabetes - A clinically relevant animal model to understand the diabetes pathogenesis and evaluate therapeutics. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 244:49-63. [PMID: 26656244 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Revised: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Streptozotocin (STZ) has been extensively used over the last three decades to induce diabetes in various animal species and to help screen for hypoglycemic drugs. STZ induces clinical features in animals that resemble those associated with diabetes in humans. For this reason STZ treated animals have been used to study diabetogenic mechanisms and for preclinical evaluation of novel antidiabetic therapies. However, the physiochemical characteristics and associated toxicities of STZ are still major obstacles for researchers using STZ treated animals to investigate diabetes. Another major challenges in STZ-induced diabetes are sustaining uniformity, suitability, reproducibility and induction of diabetes with minimal animal lethality. Lack of appropriate use of STZ was found to be associated with increased mortality and animal suffering. During STZ use in animals, attention should be paid to several factors such as method of preparation of STZ, stability, suitable dose, route of administration, diet regimen, animal species with respect to age, body weight, gender and the target blood glucose level used to represent hyperglycemia. Therefore, protocol for STZ-induced diabetes in experimental animals must be meticulously planned. This review highlights specific skills and strategies involved in the execution of STZ-induced diabetes model. The present review aims to provide insight into diabetogenic mechanisms of STZ, specific toxicity of STZ with its significance and factors responsible for variations in diabetogenic effects of STZ. Further this review also addresses ways to minimize STZ-induced mortality, suggests methods to improve STZ-based experimental models and best utilize them for experimental studies purported to understand diabetes pathogenesis and preclinical evaluation of drugs.
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Yilmaz S, Canpolat U, Aydogdu S, Abboud HE. Diabetic Cardiomyopathy; Summary of 41 Years. Korean Circ J 2015; 45:266-72. [PMID: 26240579 PMCID: PMC4521103 DOI: 10.4070/kcj.2015.45.4.266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with diabetes have an increased risk for development of cardiomyopathy, even in the absence of well known risk factors like coronary artery disease and hypertension. Diabetic cardiomyopathy was first recognized approximately four decades ago. To date, several pathophysiological mechanisms thought to be responsible for this new entity have also been recognized. In the presence of hyperglycemia, non-enzymatic glycosylation of several proteins, reactive oxygen species formation, and fibrosis lead to impairment of cardiac contractile functions. Impaired calcium handling, increased fatty acid oxidation, and increased neurohormonal activation also contribute to this process. Demonstration of left ventricular hypertrophy, early diastolic and late systolic dysfunction by sensitive techniques, help us to diagnose diabetic cardiomyopathy. Traditional treatment of heart failure is beneficial in diabetic cardiomyopathy, but specific strategies for prevention or treatment of cardiac dysfunction in diabetic patients has not been clarified yet. In this review we will discuss clinical and experimental studies focused on pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy, and summarize diagnostic and therapeutic approaches developed towards this entity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samet Yilmaz
- Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ugur Canpolat
- Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sinan Aydogdu
- Turkey Yuksek Ihtisas Education and Research Hospital, Cardiology Clinic, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hanna Emily Abboud
- Division of Nephrology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
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Mellor KM, Brimble MA, Delbridge LM. Glucose as an agent of post-translational modification in diabetes — New cardiac epigenetic insights. Life Sci 2015; 129:48-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 03/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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Wu J, Yan LJ. Streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes in rodents as a model for studying mitochondrial mechanisms of diabetic β cell glucotoxicity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2015; 8:181-8. [PMID: 25897251 PMCID: PMC4396517 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s82272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hyperglycemia and the corresponding glucotoxicity are the main pathogenic mechanisms of diabetes and its complications. Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animal models are useful platforms for the understanding of β cell glucotoxicity in diabetes. As diabetes induced by a single STZ injection is often referred to as type 1 diabetes that is caused by STZ's partial destruction of pancreas, one question often being asked is whether the STZ type 1 diabetes animal model is a good model for studying the mitochondrial mechanisms of β cell glucotoxicity. In this mini review, we provide evidence garnered from the literature that the STZ type 1 diabetes is indeed a suitable model for studying mitochondrial mechanisms of diabetic β cell glucotoxicity. Evidence presented includes: 1) continued β cell derangement is due to chronic hyperglycemia after STZ is completely eliminated out of the body; 2) STZ diabetes can be reversed by insulin treatment, which indicates that β cell responds to treatment and shows ability to regenerate; and 3) STZ diabetes can be ameliorated or alleviated by administration of phytochemicals. In addition, mechanisms of STZ action and fundamental gaps in understanding mitochondrial mechanisms of β cell dysfunction are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzi Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
| | - Liang-Jun Yan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, USA
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Abstract
Since diabetic cardiomyopathy was first reported four decades ago, substantial information on its pathogenesis and clinical features has accumulated. In the heart, diabetes enhances fatty acid metabolism, suppresses glucose oxidation, and modifies intracellular signaling, leading to impairments in multiple steps of excitation–contraction coupling, inefficient energy production, and increased susceptibility to ischemia/reperfusion injury. Loss of normal microvessels and remodeling of the extracellular matrix are also involved in contractile dysfunction of diabetic hearts. Use of sensitive echocardiographic techniques (tissue Doppler imaging and strain rate imaging) and magnetic resonance spectroscopy enables detection of diabetic cardiomyopathy at an early stage, and a combination of the modalities allows differentiation of this type of cardiomyopathy from other organic heart diseases. Circumstantial evidence to date indicates that diabetic cardiomyopathy is a common but frequently unrecognized pathological process in asymptomatic diabetic patients. However, a strategy for prevention or treatment of diabetic cardiomyopathy to improve its prognosis has not yet been established. Here, we review both basic and clinical studies on diabetic cardiomyopathy and summarize problems remaining to be solved for improving management of this type of cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Miki
- Division of Cardiology, Second Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, South-1 West-16, Chuo-ku, Sapporo, 060-8543, Japan
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Wang CH, Wang SS, Ko WJ, Chen YS, Chang CY, Chang RW, Chang KC. Acetyl-l-carnitine and oxfenicine on cardiac pumping mechanics in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats. PLoS One 2013; 8:e69977. [PMID: 23922880 PMCID: PMC3724909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0069977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the treatment of patients with diabetes, one objective is an improvement of cardiac metabolism to alleviate the left ventricular (LV) function. For this study, we compared the effects of acetyl-l-carnitine (one of the carnitine derivatives) and of oxfenicine (a carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1 inhibitor) on cardiac pumping mechanics in streptozotocin-induced diabetes in male Wistar rats, with a particular focus on the pressure-flow-volume relationship. METHODS Diabetes was induced by a single tail vein injection of 55 mg kg(-1) streptozotocin. The diabetic animals were treated on a daily basis with either acetyl-L-carnitine (1 g L(-1) in drinking water) or oxfenicine (150 mg kg(-1) by oral gavage) for 8 wk. They were also compared with untreated age-matched diabetic controls. LV pressure and ascending aortic flow signals were recorded to calculate the maximal systolic elastance (E max) and the theoretical maximum flow (Q max). Physically, E max reflects the contractility of the myocardium as an intact heart, whereas Q max has an inverse relationship with the LV internal resistance. RESULTS When comparing the diabetic rats with their age-matched controls, the cardiodynamic condition was characterized by a decline in E max associated with the unaltered Q max. Acetyl-l-carnitine (but not oxfenicine) had reduced cardiac levels of malondialdehyde in these insulin-deficient animals. However, treating with acetyl-l-carnitine or oxfenicine resulted in an increase in E max, which suggests that these 2 drugs may protect the contractile status from deteriorating in the diabetic heart. By contrast, Q max showed a significant fall after administration of oxfenicine, but not with acetyl-L-carnitine. The decrease in Q max corresponded to an increase in total vascular resistance when treated with oxfenicine. CONCLUSIONS Acetyl-l-carnitine, but not oxfencine, optimizes the integrative nature of cardiac pumping mechanics by preventing the diabetes-induced deterioration in myocardial intrinsic contractility associated with unaltered LV internal resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Hsien Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shoei-Shen Wang
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Je Ko
- Department of Surgery and Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yih-Sharng Chen
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yi Chang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ru-Wen Chang
- Department of Surgery and Traumatology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Chu Chang
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
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Nonenzymatic glycosylation: A biochemical link between chronic hyperglycemia and pathophysiologic processes associated with diabetic complications and aging related debilities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomag.2012.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
The study of diabetic cardiomyopathy is an area of significant interest given the strong association between diabetes and the risk of heart failure. Many unanswered questions remain regarding the clinical definition and pathogenesis of this metabolic cardiomyopathy. This article reviews the current understanding of diabetic cardiomyopathy with a particular emphasis on the unresolved issues that have limited translation of scientific discovery to patient bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel D Schilling
- Diabetic Cardiovascular Disease Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Anderwald C, Ankersmit HJ, Badaoui A, Beneduce L, Buko VU, Calo LA, Carrero JJ, Chang CY, Chang KC, Chen YJ, Cnotliwy M, Costelli P, Crujeiras AB, Cuocolo A, Davis PA, De Boer OJ, Ebenbichler CF, Erridge C, Fassina G, Felix SB, García-Gómez MC, Guerrero-Romero F, Haider DG, Heinemann A, Herda LR, Hoogeveen EK, Hörl WH, Iglseder B, Huang KC, Kaser S, Kastrati A, Kuzniatsova N, Latella G, Lichtenauer M, Lin YK, Lip GYH, Lu NH, Lukivskaya O, Luschnig P, Maniscalco M, Martinez JA, Müller-Krebs S, Ndrepepa G, Nicolaou G, Peck-Radosavljevic M, Penna F, Pintó X, Reiberger T, Rodriguez-Moran M, Schmidt A, Schwenger V, Spinelli L, Starkel P, Stehouwer CDA, Stenvinkel P, Strasser P, Suzuki H, Tschoner A, Van Der Wal AC, Vesely DL, Wen CJ, Wiernicki I, Zanninelli G, Zhu Y. Research update for articles published in EJCI in 2008. Eur J Clin Invest 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2362.2010.02351.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Carbonylation of myosin heavy chains in rat heart during diabetes. Biochem Pharmacol 2010; 80:205-17. [PMID: 20359464 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2010.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac inotropy progressively declines during diabetes mellitus. To date, the molecular mechanisms underlying this defect remain incompletely characterized. This study tests the hypothesis that ventricular myosin heavy chains (MHC) undergo carbonylation by reactive carbonyl species (RCS) during diabetes and these modifications contribute to the inotropic decline. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were injected with streptozotocin (STZ). Fourteen days later the animals were divided into two groups: one group was treated with the RCS blocker aminoguanidine for 6 weeks, while the other group received no treatment. After 8 weeks of diabetes, cardiac ejection fraction, fractional shortening, left ventricular pressure development (+dP/dt) and myocyte shortening were decreased by 9%, 16%, 34% and 18%, respectively. Ca(2+)- and Mg(2+)-actomyosin ATPase activities and peak actomyosin syneresis were also reduced by 35%, 28%, and 72%. MHC-alpha to MHC-beta ratio was 12:88. Mass spectrometry and Western blots revealed the presence of carbonyl adducts on MHC-alpha and MHC-beta. Aminoguanidine treatment did not alter MHC composition, but it blunted formation of carbonyl adducts and decreases in actomyosin Ca(2+)-sensitive ATPase activity, syneresis, myocyte shortening, cardiac ejection fraction, fractional shortening and +dP/dt induced by diabetes. From these new data it can be concluded that in addition to isozyme switching, modification of MHC by RCS also contributes to the inotropic decline seen during diabetes.
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