1
|
Kang F, Zou Q, Huang J. The effects of raloxifene on endothelial function and Inflammation in Postmenopausal women: A Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Exp Gerontol 2021; 159:111682. [PMID: 34973344 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Raloxifene treatment has been reported to be associated with cardiovascular benefits if prescribed to women during the postmenopausal period. However, a final conclusion regarding this hypothesis has not yet been achieved. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effect of raloxifene on the endothelial function and inflammation in postmenopausal women. METHODS We systematically searched the following 4 databases from inception to 23 January 2021 without any language restrictions: Web of Science, PubMed/Medline, Embase and Scopus. The eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting the effects of raloxifene on the flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), C-reactive protein (CRP), carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) and E-selectin levels, were included in the final meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 16 RCTs were included in the final analysis. Raloxifene administration had no significant effect on ICAM-1 and E-selectin levels. However, we observed a decrease of the CIMT (WMD: -0.071 mm, 95% CI: -0.09 to -0.04, P = 0.000), CRP (WMD: -0.342 mg/L, 95% CI: -0.591, -0.094, p = 0.007), and VCAM-1 (WMD: -197.90 mg/L, 95% CI: -269.58 to -126.23, P = 0.000) levels in the intervention versus control groups following the prescription of this pharmacological agent. Moreover, raloxifene treatment resulted in a significant elevation of the FMD (WMD: 1.64%, 95% CI: 0.46 to 2.81, P = 0.006), particularly if the intervention was equal to or exceeded 12 weeks. CONCLUSION Raloxifene might emerge as a potential therapeutic option in the management of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in postmenopausal women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuli Kang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Qi Zou
- Third Department of Gynecology, Dalian Municipal Women And Children's Medical Center (Group), Liaoning, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Jiazhen Huang
- Department of Gynecology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Liaoning, Dalian 116021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Protective Effects of Estrogen on Cardiovascular Disease Mediated by Oxidative Stress. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5523516. [PMID: 34257804 PMCID: PMC8260319 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5523516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Perimenopause is an important stage of female senescence. Epidemiological investigation has shown that the incidence of cardiovascular disease in premenopausal women is lower than that in men, and the incidence of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women is significantly higher than that in men. This phenomenon reveals that estrogen has a definite protective effect on the cardiovascular system. In the cardiovascular system, oxidative stress is considered important in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, myocardial dysfunction, cardiac hypertrophy, heart failure, and myocardial ischemia. From the perspective of oxidative stress, estrogen plays a regulatory role in the cardiovascular system through the estrogen receptor, providing strategies for the treatment of menopausal women with cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
|
3
|
Faltz M, Bergin H, Pilavachi E, Grimwade G, Mabley JG. Effect of the Anti-retroviral Drugs Efavirenz, Tenofovir and Emtricitabine on Endothelial Cell Function: Role of PARP. Cardiovasc Toxicol 2018; 17:393-404. [PMID: 28050758 DOI: 10.1007/s12012-016-9397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Highly active anti-retroviral therapy has proved successful in reducing morbidity and mortality associated with HIV infection though it has been linked to increased risk of cardiovascular disease. To date, the direct effects of the anti-retroviral drugs Efavirenz, Tenofovir and Emtricitabine on the vasculature relaxant response have not been elucidated, which impaired may predispose individuals to cardiovascular disease. Increased cellular oxidative stress and overactivation of the DNA repair enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have been identified as central mediators of vascular dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate whether exposure to Efavirenz, Tenofovir or Emtricitabine directly causes endothelial cell dysfunction via overactivation of PARP. Exposure of ex vivo male rat aortic rings or in vitro endothelial cells to Efavirenz but not Tenofovir or Emtricitabine impaired the acetylcholine-mediated relaxant response, increased cellular oxidative stress and PARP activity, decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis and necrosis. Pharmacological inhibition of PARP protected against the Efavirenz-mediated impairment of vascular relaxation and endothelial cell dysfunction. Oestrogen exposure also protected against the Efavirenz-mediated inhibition of the vascular relaxant response, cell dysfunction and increased PARP activation. In conclusion, Efavirenz directly impairs endothelial cell function, which may account for the increased risk of developing cardiovascular complications with anti-retroviral therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Faltz
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Hild Bergin
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Elly Pilavachi
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9PX, UK
| | - Guy Grimwade
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK
| | - Jon G Mabley
- School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Brighton, Huxley Building, Lewes Road, Brighton, BN2 4GJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Boese AC, Chang L, Yin KJ, Chen YE, Lee JP, Hamblin MH. Sex differences in abdominal aortic aneurysms. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2018; 314:H1137-H1152. [PMID: 29350999 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00519.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a vascular disorder with a high case fatality rate in the instance of rupture. AAA is a multifactorial disease, and the etiology is still not fully understood. AAA is more likely to occur in men, but women have a greater risk of rupture and worse prognosis. Women are reportedly protected against AAA possibly by premenopausal levels of estrogen and are, on average, diagnosed at older ages than men. Here, we review the present body of research on AAA pathophysiology in humans, animal models, and cultured cells, with an emphasis on sex differences and sex steroid hormone signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Austin C Boese
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Lin Chang
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Ke-Jie Yin
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jean-Pyo Lee
- Department of Physiology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana.,Center for Stem Cell Research and Regenerative Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Milton H Hamblin
- Department of Pharmacology, Tulane University School of Medicine , New Orleans, Louisiana
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wong CM, Au CL, Tsang SY, Lau CW, Yao X, Cai Z, Chung ACK. Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in endothelium-independent relaxation to raloxifene in rat aorta. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 174:718-733. [PMID: 28138957 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Raloxifene can induce both endothelium-dependent and -independent relaxation in different arteries. However, the underlying mechanisms by which raloxifene triggers endothelium-independent relaxation are still incompletely understood. The purpose of present study was to examine the roles of NOSs and Ca2+ channels in the relaxant response to raloxifene in the rat isolated, endothelium-denuded aorta. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Changes in isometric tension, cGMP, nitrite, inducible NOS protein expression and distribution in response to raloxifene in endothelium-denuded aortic rings were studied by organ baths, radioimmunoassay, Griess reaction, western blot and immunohistochemistry respectively. KEY RESULTS Raloxifene reduced the contraction to CaCl2 in a Ca2+ -free, high K+ -containing solution in intact aortic rings. Raloxifene also acutely relaxed the aorta primarily through an endothelium-independent mechanism involving NO, mostly from inducible NOS (iNOS) in vascular smooth muscle layers. This effect of raloxifene involved the generation of cGMP and nitrite. Also, it was genomic in nature, as it was inhibited by a classical oestrogen receptor antagonist and inhibitors of RNA and protein synthesis. Raloxifene-induced stimulation of iNOS gene expression was partly mediated through activation of the NF-κB pathway. Raloxifene was more potent than 17β-estradiol or tamoxifen at relaxing endothelium-denuded aortic rings by stimulation of iNOS. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Raloxifene-mediated vasorelaxation in rat aorta is independent of a functional endothelium and is mediated by oestrogen receptors and NF-κB. This effect is mainly mediated through an enhanced production of NO, cGMP and nitrite, via the induction of iNOS and inhibition of calcium influx through Ca2+ channels in rat aortic smooth muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Ming Wong
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong.,HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chak Leung Au
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Suk Ying Tsang
- School of Life Sciences and State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Chi Wai Lau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xiaoqiang Yao
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zongwei Cai
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong.,HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| | - Arthur Chi-Kong Chung
- Partner State Key Laboratory of Environmental and Biological Analysis and Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong Baptist University (HKBU), Hong Kong.,HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leukocyte and Skeletal Muscle Telomere Length and Body Composition in Monozygotic Twin Pairs Discordant for Long-term Hormone Replacement Therapy. Twin Res Hum Genet 2017; 20:119-131. [PMID: 28193312 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2017.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen-based hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be associated with deceleration of cellular aging. We investigated whether long-term HRT has effects on leukocyte (LTL) or mean and minimum skeletal muscle telomere length (SMTL) in a design that controls for genotype and childhood environment. Associations between telomeres, body composition, and physical performance were also examined. Eleven monozygotic twin pairs (age 57.6 ± 1.8 years) discordant for HRT were studied. Mean duration of HRT use was 7.3 ± 3.7 years in the user sister, while their co-twins had never used HRT. LTL was measured by qPCR and SMTLs by southern blot. Body and muscle composition were estimated by bioimpedance and computed tomography, respectively. Physical performance was measured by jumping height and grip strength. HRT users and non-users did not differ in LTL or mean or minimum SMTL. Within-pair correlations were high in LTL (r = 0.69, p = .020) and in mean (r = 0.74, p = .014) and minimum SMTL (r = 0.88, p = .001). Body composition and performance were better in users than non-users. In analyses of individuals, LTL was associated with BMI (r 2 = 0.30, p = .030), percentage total body (r 2 = 0.43, p = .014), and thigh (r 2 = 0.55, p = .004) fat, while minimum SMTL was associated with fat-free mass (r 2 = 0.27, p = .020) and thigh muscle area (r 2 = 0.42, p = .016). We found no associations between HRT use and telomere length. Longer LTLs were associated with lower total and regional fat, while longer minimum SMTLs were associated with higher fat-free mass and greater thigh muscle area. This suggests that telomeres measured from different tissues may have different associations with measures of body composition.
Collapse
|
7
|
Karimi S, Hejazian SH, Alikhani V, Hosseini M. The effects of tamoxifen on spatial and nonspatial learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine and the brain tissues oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats. Adv Biomed Res 2015; 4:196. [PMID: 26601084 PMCID: PMC4620616 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.166132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 06/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Modulatory effects of tamoxifen (TAM) on the central nervous system have been reported. The effects of TAM on spatial and nonspatial learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine and the brain tissues oxidative damage was investigated. Materials and Methods: The ovariectomized (OVX) rats were divided and treated: (1) Control (saline), (2) scopolamine (Sco; 2 mg/kg, 30 min before behavioral tests), (3–5) Sco-TAM 1, Sco-TAM 3 and Sco-TAM 10. TAM (1, 3 or 10 mg/kg; i.p.) was daily administered for 6 weeks. Results: In Morris water maze (MWM), both the latency and traveled distance in the Sco-group were higher than control (P < 0.001) while, in the Sco-TAM 10 group it was lower than Sco-group (P < 0.05). In passive avoidance test, the latency to enter the dark compartment was higher than control (P < 0.05 – P < 0.01). Pretreatment by all three doses of TAM prolonged the latency to enter the dark compartment compared to Sco-group (P < 0.05 – P < 0.001). The brain tissues malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was increased while, superoxide dismutase activity (SOD) decreased in the Sco-group compared to control (P < 0.05 – P < 0.01). Pretreatment by TAM lowered the concentration of MDA while, increased SOD compared to Sco-group (P < 0.05 – P < 0.001). Conclusions: It is suggested that TAM prevents spatial and nonspatial learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine in OVX rats. The possible mechanism(s) might at least in part be due to protection against the brain tissues oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sareh Karimi
- Department of Physiology, Shahid Sadoghi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | | | - Vajiheh Alikhani
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Luo F, Ishigami M, Achiwa K, Ishizu Y, Kuzuya T, Honda T, Hayashi K, Ishikawa T, Katano Y, Goto H. Raloxifene Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced by Choline-Deficient High-Fat Diet in Ovariectomized Mice. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2730-9. [PMID: 25868633 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3660-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is higher in men than in women, but according to some epidemiological studies, this gender difference disappears after menopause. Estrogen therapy protects against NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) after menopause. We investigated the therapeutic effect of raloxifene, a second-generation selective estrogen-receptor modulator, on NASH induced by a choline-deficient high-fat (CDHF) diet in female ovariectomized (OVX) mice. METHODS Seven-week-old female C57BL/6J mice were divided into three experimental groups as follows: (1) sham operation (SHAM group), (2) ovariectomy (OVX group), and (3) ovariectomy + raloxifene (intraperitoneal injection, 3 mg/kg body weight/day; OVX + RLX group). These three groups of mice were fed a CDHF diet for 8 weeks; choline-sufficient high-fat (CSHF) diet was used as control diet. Serum biochemical indicators of hepatic function and liver histological changes were evaluated. RESULTS Compared with CSHF diet, ovariectomy enhances liver injury and fibrosis in CDHF diet-fed mice. Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels were significantly lower in the OVX + RLX group than in the OVX group. The OVX group developed extensive steatosis with inflammation and fibrosis. Lobular inflammatory scores and fibrosis staging in the OVX + RLX group were significantly lower than in the OVX group. Furthermore, the OVX + RLX group exhibited significantly higher expression of hepatic estrogen receptor-α, which was significantly lower in the OVX group than in the SHAM group. CONCLUSIONS Raloxifene may ameliorate progression of liver fibrosis of NASH induced by CDHF diet in ovariectomized female mice, and up-regulation of estrogen receptor-α may play an important role in the beneficial effects of raloxifene on NASH.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangqiong Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsuruma-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lamas AZ, Caliman IF, Dalpiaz PLM, de Melo AF, Abreu GR, Lemos EM, Gouvea SA, Bissoli NS. Comparative effects of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on endothelial dysfunction, inflammatory markers and oxidative stress in ovariectomized rats. Life Sci 2015; 124:101-9. [PMID: 25623855 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Revised: 12/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIM Endothelial dysfunction is considered a premature indication of atherosclerosis and vessel damage and is present in the postmenopausal period. This study compares the influence of estrogen, raloxifene and tamoxifen on factors that affect endothelial function in ovariectomized (OVX) rats. MAIN METHODS The rats were divided into: SHAM; OVX; OVX+estrogen (0.5 μg/kg/day); OVX+raloxifene (2 mg/kg/day) and OVX+tamoxifen (1 mg/kg/day) groups. The acetylcholine vasorelaxation response was evaluated in the mesenteric vascular bed. The vascular oxidative stress and serum inflammatory cytokine levels were monitored, and analyses of eNOS and iNOS were performed. KEY FINDINGS The acetylcholine-induced responses obtained in the OVX were lower than those obtained in the SHAM, and all treatments restored this response. l-NAME reduced and equalized the acetylcholine-induced response in all groups. The attenuation of the acetylcholine-induced responses by aminoguanidine was greater in the OVX. Endothelial dysfunction in OVX was associated with oxidative stress and an increase in iNOS and decrease in eNOS expression. Except for the production of reactive oxidative species (ROS) in the OVX+tamoxifen, treatments improved the nitric oxide component of the relaxation response and normalized both the oxidative stress and the expression of those signaling pathway enzymes. Serum levels of TNF-α and IL-6 were increased in OVX, and treatments normalized these levels. SIGNIFICANCE Raloxifene and tamoxifen have similar anti-inflammatory effects that may be important in improving vascular dysfunction. Tamoxifen did not affect the ROS but improved endothelial dysfunction. The protective effect on endothelial function by these treatments provides evidence of their potential cardiovascular benefits in the postmenopausal period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Zandonadi Lamas
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Izabela Facco Caliman
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Polyana Lima Meireles Dalpiaz
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Antônio Ferreira de Melo
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Rodrigues Abreu
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Elenice Moreira Lemos
- Nucleus of Infectious Diseases, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Sonia Alves Gouvea
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil
| | - Nazaré Souza Bissoli
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Center for Health Sciences, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitoria, ES, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zabihi H, Hosseini M, Pourganji M, Oryan S, Soukhtanloo M, Niazmand S. The effects of tamoxifen on learning, memory and brain tissues oxidative damage in ovariectomized and naïve female rats. Adv Biomed Res 2014; 3:219. [PMID: 25371876 PMCID: PMC4219215 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.143297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2013] [Accepted: 05/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Regarding the modulatory effects of tamoxifen (TAM) on the actions of estrogen in the present study, the effects of TAM on learning, memory and brain tissues oxidative damage in ovariectomized (OVX) and naοve female rats was investigated. Materials and Methods: The animals were divided into: (1) Sham, (2) OVX, (3) Sham-tamoxifen (Sham-TAM) and (4) ovariectomized-tamoxifen (OVX-TAM). The animals of the Sham-TAM and OVX-TAM groups were treated by TAM (1 mg/kg; 4 weeks). Results: In Morris water maze, the escape latency in the OVX group was higher than in the Sham group (P < 0.01). The time latency in the animals of OVX-TAM group was lower than that of OVX group (P < 0.01); however, there were no significant differences between the Sham-TAM and Sham groups. In the probe trial, the time spent in target quadrant (Q1) by the animals of OVX group was lower than that of Sham group (P < 0.01). Interestingly, the animals of OVX-TAM group spent more times in target quadrant (Q1) compared with OVX group (P < 0.01). In passive avoidance test, the animals of OVX group had lower latencies to enter the dark compartment compared with the Sham group (P < 0.05). The time latency to enter the dark compartment by animals of OVX-TAM group was higher than in OVX group (P < 0.01). In OVX-TAM group, the total thiol concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) and malondialdehyde concentration was lower (P < 0.01) than OVX group. Conclusions: These results allow us to propose that TAM enhances learning and memory of OVX rats. The possible mechanism may be due to the protective effects against brain tissues oxidative damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Zabihi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moallem University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Hosseini
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Masoume Pourganji
- Neurocognitive Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Oryan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Tarbiat Moallem University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Soukhtanloo
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saeed Niazmand
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Tetramethylpyrazine Protects against Hydrogen Peroxide-Provoked Endothelial Dysfunction in Isolated Rat Aortic Rings: Implications for Antioxidant Therapy of Vascular Diseases. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:627181. [PMID: 25258643 PMCID: PMC4166453 DOI: 10.1155/2014/627181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives. Oxidative stress can initiate endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. This study evaluated whether tetramethylpyrazine (TMP), the predominant active ingredient in Rhizoma Ligustici Wallichii (chuanxiong), prevents endothelial dysfunction in a rat model of oxidative stress. Methods. Isolated rat aortic rings were pretreated with various drugs before the induction of endothelial dysfunction by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Changes in isometric tension were then measured in acetylcholine- (ACh-) relaxed rings. Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) expression was evaluated in the rings by Western blotting, and superoxide anion (O2∙−) content was assessed in primary rat aortic endothelial cells by dihydroethidium- (DHE-) mediated fluorescence microscopy. Results. ACh-induced endothelium-dependent relaxation (EDR) was disrupted by H2O2 in endothelium-intact aortic rings. H2O2-impaired relaxation was ameliorated by acute pretreatment with low concentrations of TMP, as well as by pretreatment with catalase and the NADPH oxidase inhibitors, apocynin and diphenyleneiodonium (DPI). TMP, apocynin, and DPI also reduced O2∙− accumulation in endothelial cells,but TMP failed to alter eNOS expression in aortic rings incubated with H2O2. Conclusions. TMP safeguards against oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction, suggesting that the agent might find therapeutic utility in the management of vascular diseases. However, TMP's role in inhibiting NADPH oxidase and its vascular-protective mechanism of action requires further investigation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Salidroside stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against H₂O₂-induced endothelial dysfunction. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2014; 2014:904834. [PMID: 24868319 PMCID: PMC4020198 DOI: 10.1155/2014/904834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Salidroside (SAL) is an active component of Rhodiola rosea with documented antioxidative properties. The purpose of this study is to explore the mechanism of the protective effect of SAL on hydrogen peroxide- (H2O2-) induced endothelial dysfunction. Pretreatment of the human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with SAL significantly reduced the cytotoxicity brought by H2O2. Functional studies on the rat aortas found that SAL rescued the endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduced superoxide anion (O2∙−) production induced by H2O2. Meanwhile, SAL pretreatment inhibited H2O2-induced nitric oxide (NO) production. The underlying mechanisms involve the inhibition of H2O2-induced activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and Akt, as well as the redox sensitive transcription factor, NF-kappa B (NF-κB). SAL also increased mitochondrial mass and upregulated the mitochondrial biogenesis factors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1α), and mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) in the endothelial cells. H2O2-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, as demonstrated by reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) and ATP production, was rescued by SAL pretreatment. Taken together, these findings implicate that SAL could protect endothelium against H2O2-induced injury via promoting mitochondrial biogenesis and function, thus preventing the overactivation of oxidative stress-related downstream signaling pathways.
Collapse
|
13
|
Arias-Loza PA, Muehlfelder M, Pelzer T. Estrogen and estrogen receptors in cardiovascular oxidative stress. Pflugers Arch 2013; 465:739-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-013-1247-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
|
14
|
Jacobs EG, Kroenke C, Lin J, Epel ES, Kenna HA, Blackburn EH, Rasgon NL. Accelerated cell aging in female APOE-ε4 carriers: implications for hormone therapy use. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54713. [PMID: 23418430 PMCID: PMC3572118 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein-ε4 (APOE-ε4) is a major genetic risk factor for cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and early mortality. An accelerated rate of biological aging could contribute to this increased risk. Here, we determined whether APOE-ε4 status impacts leukocyte telomere length (TL) and the rate of cellular senescence in healthy mid-life women and, further, whether hormone replacement therapy (HT) modifies this association. Post-menopausal women (N = 63, Mean age = 57.7), all HT users for at least one year, were enrolled in a randomized longitudinal study. Half of the participants (N = 32) remained on their HT regimen and half (N = 31) went off HT for approximately two years (Mean = 1.93 years). Participants included 24 APOE-ε4 carriers and 39 non-carrier controls. Leukocyte TL was measured at baseline and the end of year 2 using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Logistic regression analysis indicated that the odds of an APOE-ε4 carrier exhibiting telomere shortening (versus maintenance/growth) over the 2-year study were more than 6 (OR = 6.26, 95% CI = 1.02, 38.49) times higher than a non-carrier, adjusting for established risk factors and potential confounds. Despite the high-functioning, healthy mid-life status of study participants, APOE-ε4 carriers had marked telomere attrition during the 2-year study window, the equivalent of approximately one decade of additional aging compared to non-carriers. Further analyses revealed a modulatory effect of hormone therapy on the association between APOE status and telomere attrition. APOE-ε4 carriers who went off their HT regimen exhibited TL shortening, as predicted for the at-risk population. APOE-ε4 carriers who remained on HT, however, did not exhibit comparable signs of cell aging. The opposite pattern was found in non-carriers. The results suggest that hormone use might buffer against accelerated cell aging in mid-life women at risk for dementia. Importantly, for non-carrier women there was no evidence that HT conferred protective effects on telomere dynamics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emily G. Jacobs
- Robert Wood Johnson Foundation Health and Society Scholars Program, Center for Health and Community, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EGJ); (NLR)
| | - Candyce Kroenke
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Elissa S. Epel
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Kenna
- Stanford Center for Neuroscience in Women's Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth H. Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Natalie L. Rasgon
- Stanford Center for Neuroscience in Women's Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (EGJ); (NLR)
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Aoki C, Suzuki K, Yanagi K, Satoh H, Niitani M, Aso Y. Miglitol, an anti-diabetic drug, inhibits oxidative stress-induced apoptosis and mitochondrial ROS over-production in endothelial cells by enhancement of AMP-activated protein kinase. J Pharmacol Sci 2012; 120:121-8. [PMID: 23018899 DOI: 10.1254/jphs.12108fp] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelial dysfunction caused by oxidative stress plays a key role in atherogenesis. This study investigated whether the anti-diabetic drug miglitol, an α-glucosidase inhibitor, which is currently available in clinical practice, can prevent endothelial cell apoptosis and whether it might restore impaired vascular relaxation under oxidative stress. The bEnd.3 cells, a microvascular endothelial cell line, were pre-treated with various concentrations of miglitol and then were incubated with H(2)O(2) for 1 - 2 h. Treatment of bEnd.3 cells with miglitol resulted in the protection of cell viability, suppression of mitochondrial superoxide production, and DNA strand breakage under the oxidative stress. These effects of miglitol were associated with the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and the phosphorylation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS). In aortic rings with endothelium, acetylcholine (Ach)-induced relaxation was attenuated by H(2)O(2). We found that this impaired relaxation was restored by acute treatment with miglitol. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, inhibited the amelioration of vascular relaxations treated with miglitol. These results suggest that miglitol might protect against endothelial cells damage under oxidative stress via inhibition of endothelial cell apoptosis and mitochondrial superoxide production, which are mediated by the activation of AMPK and the phosphorylation of eNOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chie Aoki
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chronic cranberry juice consumption restores cholesterol profiles and improves endothelial function in ovariectomized rats. Eur J Nutr 2012; 52:1145-55. [PMID: 22836513 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-012-0425-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2012] [Accepted: 07/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Postmenopausal women experience higher risks for cardiovascular diseases than age-matched men and pre-menopausal women. There is a need for better treatment strategy for estrogen-deficient-related cardiovascular complications. We and others have recently reported that activated renin-angiotensin system and the associated oxidative stress impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in ovariectomized rat, while angiotensin receptor blocker rescues endothelial dysfunction. Dietary supplements and lifestyle modifications provide an alternative way to improve cardiovascular health. The present study tests the hypothesis that chronic cranberry juice consumption improves cholesterol profiles and vascular functions in estrogen-deficient animal model. The effect of cranberry consumption on expression and activity of renin-angiotensin system in the vasculature will be determined. METHODS Ovariectomized rats were treated daily with commercial cranberry juice at 7 mg/kg for 8 weeks, a dosage comparable to recent clinical studies. Serum was collected for measuring cholesterol levels while aorta was isolated for isometric force assay and expression studies. RESULTS Cranberry juice consumption reduced circulating levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, HDL, nHDL, and nHDL/HDL ratio. Meanwhile, cranberry juice consumption improved endothelium-dependent relaxation in aorta of ovariectomized rats by restoring p-eNOS level (endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylated at ser-1177), reversing the up-regulated levels of renin-angiotensin system markers (angiotensin-converting enzyme, angiotensin II, and angiotensin II type 1 receptor), and normalizing the elevated NAD(P)H oxidase expression and oxidative stress. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate the novel cardiovascular benefits of cranberry juice consumption in improving both vascular functions and cholesterol profiles, providing insight into developing cranberry products into useful dietary supplements for postmenopausal women.
Collapse
|
17
|
Karwowski W, Naumnik B, Szczepański M, Myśliwiec M. The mechanism of vascular calcification - a systematic review. Med Sci Monit 2012; 18:RA1-11. [PMID: 22207127 PMCID: PMC3560673 DOI: 10.12659/msm.882181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcification of vessels reduces their elasticity, affecting hemodynamic parameters of the cardiovascular system. The development of arterial hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic heart disease or peripheral arterial disease significantly increases mortality in patients over 60 years of age. Stage of advancement and the extent of accumulation of calcium deposits in vessel walls are key risk factors of ischemic events. Vascular calcification is an active and complex process that involves numerous mechanisms responsible for calcium depositions in arterial walls. They lead to increase in arterial stiffness and in pulse wave velocity, which in turn increases cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. In-depth study and thorough understanding of vascular calcification mechanisms may be crucial for establishing an effective vasculoprotective therapy. The aim of this study was to present a comprehensive survey of current state-of-the-art research into the impact of metabolic and hormonal disorders on development of vascular calcification. Due to strong resemblance to the processes occurring in bone tissue, drugs used for osteoporosis treatment (calcitriol, estradiol, bisphosphonates) may interfere with the processes occurring in the vessel wall. On the other hand, drugs used to treat cardiovascular problems (statins, angiotensin convertase inhibitors, warfarin, heparins) may have an effect on bone tissue metabolism. Efforts to optimally control calcium and phosphate concentrations are also beneficial for patients with end-stage renal disease, for whom vessel calcification remains a major problem.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Karwowski
- Department of Pathophysiology of Pregnancy, District Hospital in Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Costa F, Dornelles E, Mânica-Cattani MF, Algarve TD, Souza Filho OCD, Sagrillo MR, Garcia LFM, Cruz IBMD. Influence of Val16Ala SOD2 polymorphism on the in-vitro effect of clomiphene citrate in oxidative metabolism. Reprod Biomed Online 2012; 24:474-81. [PMID: 22386763 DOI: 10.1016/j.rbmo.2012.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2011] [Revised: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the in-vitro antioxidant properties of the ovulation induction drug, clomiphene citrate, and assessed whether its effects are influenced by the Val16Ala polymorphism in the SOD2 gene, which encodes manganese superoxide dismutase enzyme. The investigation involved an in-vitro experimental protocol testing the effect of different concentrations of clomiphene citrate on antioxidant capacity, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) culture viability. A total of 58 healthy adult women were genotyped for the Val16Ala SOD2 polymorphism, and blood samples were collected to perform in-vitro experiments. ROS production and cytotoxicity assays were performed on blood and PBMC from carriers of different Val16Ala SOD2 genotypes. Clomiphene citrate exhibited antioxidant capacity and effects and decreased ROS production. The AA genotype displayed a more responsive antioxidant effect with clomiphene citrate treatment than other genotypes. AA and AV PBMC showed an increase in viability following treatment with 10 μmol/l clomiphene citrate when compared with control groups. The results suggest that clomiphene citrate exhibits antioxidant activity similar to that observed with other selective oestrogen receptor modulators, and the intensity of the effect appears to be SOD2 polymorphism dependent. This study was performed to investigate whether clomiphene citrate, a drug broadly used to evaluate reproductive function in women, presents antioxidant effects and if these effects could be influenced by genetic variation in the women. We found evidence that clomiphene citrate has some antioxidant properties similar to those observed with other selective oestrogen receptor modulators such as tamoxifen. As the antioxidant enzyme manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) is considered a key molecule involved in female reproductive metabolism, we also tested if a functional SOD2 gene polymorphism (Val16Ala) could influence the in-vitro antioxidant clomiphene citrate response. Significant differences of the clomiphene citrate antioxidant effect on PBMC with different Val16Ala SOD genotypes were observed in this study. Based on these results, we could speculate that alterations in SOD2 activity caused by the Val16Ala polymorphism can result in differential responses to drugs such as clomiphene citrate. In assisted reproduction clinics, clomiphene citrate is commonly used to induce ovulation, especially in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. However, some women have clomiphene citrate resistance and either ovulation is not triggered by the drug or ovulation is induced but the pregnancy still fails. The causes of no effect of clomiphene citrate remain unclear and we cannot discard the influence of genetic effects including the Val16Ala SOD2 polymorphism. Therefore, it is important to perform complementary investigations considering the potential pharmacogenetic influence of Val16Ala SOD2 polymorphism on the treatment of polycystic ovary syndrome or in ovulation to elucidate this question.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Efecto del raloxifeno en la función endotelial y la hemostasia en mujeres con enfermedad coronaria. Rev Esp Cardiol 2011; 64:572-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.recesp.2011.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2010] [Accepted: 03/02/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
20
|
The effects of selective estrogen receptor modulator treatment following hormone replacement therapy on elderly postmenopausal women with osteoporosis. Nitric Oxide 2011; 24:199-203. [PMID: 21513812 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2010] [Revised: 02/16/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A comparison between the atheroprotective and osteoprotective effects of the selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) raloxifene and those of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has not been made in elderly women. METHODS A randomized prospective controlled trial was performed in a cohort of 32 elderly Japanese women with osteoporosis receiving HRT (estriol plus medroxyprogesterone) for more than 1 year. In 16 randomly selected subjects, HRT was changed to raloxifene therapy (60mg/day, 71.4±3.4 years, SERM group). The other 16 patients were continued on HRT (71.8±2.9 years, HRT group). As a control group, 14 subjects were enrolled, did not take any medications and were age-matched to experimental patients (72.5±3.3 years, control group). Plasma lipids, TNFα, adiponectin, NO metabolites (NOx:NO2(-) and NO3(-)), cyclicGMP and bone-mineral density (BMD) were evaluated at baseline and at 26 and 52 weeks after enrollment. RESULTS SERM (Raloxifene) increased high-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels and tended to decrease low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol levels (P=0.058) compared with baseline. Adiponectin, NOx and cGMP levels were significantly increased after 6 months compared with baseline or the HRT group. TNFα was decreased by raloxifene. In control subjects, no significant changes were observed in any of these markers. Bone-mineral density was higher at baseline in the raloxifene and HRT groups than in the control group, and BMD increased 12 months after baseline in the HRT and control group. CONCLUSION SERM improved BMD and endothelial function in elderly postmenopausal women with osteoporosis who had received HRT, and these effects were comparable to or slightly stronger than those of HRT. Changes in adiponectin and TNFα may underlie the improvements in endothelial function, such as NO signaling.
Collapse
|
21
|
Lin J, Kroenke CH, Epel E, Kenna HA, Wolkowitz OM, Blackburn E, Rasgon NL. Greater endogenous estrogen exposure is associated with longer telomeres in postmenopausal women at risk for cognitive decline. Brain Res 2011; 1379:224-31. [PMID: 20965155 PMCID: PMC3057451 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2010.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2010] [Revised: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 10/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Longer duration of reproductive years of life and thus greater exposure to endogenous estrogen may be associated with a lower risk of age-related diseases in women. The present study examined the relationship between estimated endogenous estrogen exposure and telomere length (TL) and telomerase activity, two biomarkers of cellular aging, in a sample of postmenopausal women at risk for cognitive decline. Telomere length was measured using a quantitative PCR method and telomerase activity by TRAP (Telomere-Repeats Amplification Protocol) assay in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Study subjects were 53 postmenopausal women (35 with natural and 18 with surgical menopause) receiving hormone therapy (HT) for at least one year or longer. Length of reproductive years of life, computed as the difference between age at menopause and age at menarche, was used as a proxy of duration of exposure to endogenous estrogen. Length of time on HT was the measure used for duration of exogenous estrogen exposure. We found that longer endogenous estrogen exposure was associated with greater TL (standardized β=0.06, Wald χ(2)=3.7, p=0.04) and with lower telomerase activity (standardized β=-0.09, Wald χ(2)=5.0, p=0.03). Length of reproductive years was also inversely associated with the combination of short TL and high telomerase (OR=0.78, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.97, p=0.02). Length of HT use was not associated with TL or telomerase activity in this study. The results suggest that the endogenous estrogens may be associated with deceleration of cellular aging. This is the first study to examine associations between endogenous estrogens, telomere length and telomerase activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jue Lin
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Candyce H. Kroenke
- Center for Health and Community, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Elissa Epel
- Center for Health and Community, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Heather A. Kenna
- Stanford Center for Neuroscience in Women’s Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| | | | - Elizabeth Blackburn
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco
| | - Natalie L. Rasgon
- Stanford Center for Neuroscience in Women’s Health, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, United States
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Li R, Lau WB, Ma XL. Adiponectin resistance and vascular dysfunction in the hyperlipidemic state. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2010; 31:1258-66. [PMID: 20802503 PMCID: PMC4012912 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2010.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Accepted: 06/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin plays an important role in the stimulation of vascular nitric oxide production, with both short term (vasomotility and anti-thrombotic effects) and long term (smooth muscle cell growth and migration inhibition) benefits. Impaired vasodilatory response to insulin, the hallmark of vascular insulin resistance (IR), has important implications for circulatory pathophysiology. An association between adipokines and IR has been observed in both diabetic and nondiabetic states. Adiponectin (APN) is an insulin-sensitizing adipokine known to stimulate skeletal muscle fatty acid (FA) oxidation and reduce lipid accumulation. Recent demonstrations of potential cross-talk between APN and insulin in vascular function regulation are particularly interesting. The lipid accumulation observed after chronic high-fat (HF) diets and in the obese state may reduce vascular response to APN, a pathologic state termed as APN resistance. This review highlights the importance of insulin sensitivity and APN activity in the maintenance of endothelial function. It explores the relationships between vascular IR and APN resistance in the hyperlipidemic pathological condition, representative of the metabolic syndrome. The investigation of vascular insulin and APN resistance provides not only better understanding of vascular pathophysiology, but also an opportunity for therapeutic targeting in individuals affected by the metabolic syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Xi-an 710032, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Xin Liang Ma
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Xi-an 710032, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Tang JY, Li S, Li ZH, Zhang ZJ, Hu G, Cheang LCV, Alex D, Hoi MPM, Kwan YW, Chan SW, Leung GPH, Lee SMY. Calycosin promotes angiogenesis involving estrogen receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway in zebrafish and HUVEC. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11822. [PMID: 20686605 PMCID: PMC2912279 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2010] [Accepted: 06/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Angiogenesis plays an important role in a wide range of physiological processes, and many diseases are associated with the dysregulation of angiogenesis. Radix Astragali is a Chinese medicinal herb commonly used for treating cardiovascular disorders and has been shown to possess angiogenic effect in previous studies but its active constituent and underlying mechanism remain unclear. The present study investigates the angiogenic effects of calycosin, a major isoflavonoid isolated from Radix Astragali, in vitro and in vivo. Methodology Tg(fli1:EGFP) and Tg(fli1:nEGFP) transgenic zebrafish embryos were treated with different concentrations of calycosin (10, 30, 100 µM) from 72 hpf to 96 hpf prior morphological observation and angiogenesis phenotypes assessment. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to calycosin (10, 100 µM) from 72 hpf to 78 hpf before gene-expression analysis. The effects of VEGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor on calycosin-induced angiogenesis were studied using 72 hpf Tg(fli1:EGFP) and Tg(fli1:nEGFP) zebrafish embryos. The pro-angiogenic effects of calycosin were compared with raloxifene and tamoxifen in 72 hpf Tg(fli1:EGFP) zebrafish embryos. The binding affinities of calycosin to estrogen receptors (ERs) were evaluated by cell-free and cell-based estrogen receptor binding assays. Human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVEC) were pretreated with different concentrations of calycosin (3, 10, 30, 100 µM) for 48 h then tested for cell viability and tube formation. The role of MAPK signaling in calycosin-induced angiogenesis was evaluated using western blotting. Conclusion Calycosin was shown to induce angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cell cultures (HUVEC) in vitro and zebrafish embryos in vivo via the up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 mRNA expression. It was demonstrated that calycosin acted similar to other selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), such as raloxifene and tamoxifen, by displaying selective potency and affinity to estrogen receptors ERα and ERβ. Our results further indicated that calycosin promotes angiogenesis via activation of MAPK with the involvement of ERK1/2 and ER. Together, this study revealed, for the first time, that calycosin acts as a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) to promote angiogenesis, at least in part through VEGF-VEGFR2 and MAPK signaling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yan Tang
- Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macao, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Griffith JF, Wang YXJ, Zhou H, Kwong WH, Wong WT, Sun YL, Huang Y, Yeung DKW, Qin L, Ahuja AT. Reduced Bone Perfusion in Osteoporosis: Likely Causes in an Ovariectomy Rat Model. Radiology 2010; 254:739-746. [DOI: 10.1148/radiol.09090608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
|
25
|
Abstract
In this issue, BJP is proud to publish an Endothelium Themed Section to celebrate the life of Robert F. Furchgott, who died on May 19th 2009. It is 30 years since he discovered endothelium-derived relaxant factor and a decade since he was awarded the Nobel Prize for this work. His discovery has led to an array of new therapeutic targets. The themed section includes three reviews on the pathophysiology of the endothelium and the drug targets that this presents, four research papers and three commentaries on research. This themed section also forms the nucleus of an online Virtual Issue that collects in one place further reviews and research papers on the topic of the 'Endothelium' that BJP and our sister journal BJCP have published in the past year, and that should help researchers and students to find the latest work in this field.
Collapse
|
26
|
Kim KH, Bender JR. Membrane-initiated actions of estrogen on the endothelium. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2009; 308:3-8. [PMID: 19549586 PMCID: PMC2701909 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.03.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2008] [Revised: 03/27/2009] [Accepted: 03/30/2009] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen-induced rapid, membrane-initiated activation of numerous signal transduction cascades has been shown in animal, cellular and molecular vascular studies, which support the favorable effects of estrogen on vascular structure and function. These effects are mediated by distinct forms of estrogen receptor (ER) alpha. This includes estrogen-stimulated, rapid activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), resulting in elaboration of the athero-protective, angiogenesis-promoting product nitric oxide (NO). An N-terminus truncated short isoform of ERalpha, ER46, plays a critical role in membrane-initiated, rapid responses to 17beta-estradiol (E2) in human endothelial cells (ECs). We have proposed a ER46-centered, eNOS-activating molecular complex in human EC caveolar membranes, containing c-Src, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), Akt and eNOS. In this review, we describe estrogen-induced, rapid, non-genomic actions in the endothelium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jeffrey R. Bender
- Corresponding author: Jeffrey R. Bender, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Departments of Internal Medicine and Immunobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, 300 Cedar Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA. Tel. 203-737-2223; Fax. 203-785-7567; E-Mail:
| |
Collapse
|