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Su T, Huang K, Mathews KG, Scharf VF, Hu S, Li Z, Frame BN, Cores J, Dinh PU, Daniele MA, Ligler FS, Cheng K. Cardiac Stromal Cell Patch Integrated with Engineered Microvessels Improves Recovery from Myocardial Infarction in Rats and Pigs. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:6309-6320. [PMID: 33449654 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The vascularized cardiac patch strategy is promising for ischemic heart repair after myocardial infarction (MI), but current fabrication processes are quite complicated. Vascularized cardiac patches that can promote concurrent restoration of both the myocardium and vasculature at the injured site in a large animal model remain elusive. The safety and therapeutic benefits of a cardiac stromal cell patch integrated with engineered biomimetic microvessels (BMVs) were determined for treating MI. By leveraging a microfluidic method employing hydrodynamic focusing, we constructed the endothelialized microvessels and then encapsulated them together with therapeutic cardiosphere-derived stromal cells (CSCs) in a fibrin gel to generate a prevascularized cardiac stromal cell patch (BMV-CSC patch). We showed that BMV-CSC patch transplantation significantly promoted cardiac function, reduced scar size, increased viable myocardial tissue, promoted neovascularization, and suppressed inflammation in rat and porcine MI models, demonstrating enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to conventional cardiac stromal cell patches. BMV-CSC patches did not increase renal and hepatic toxicity or exhibit immunogenicity. We noted a significant increase in endogenous progenitor cell recruitment to the peri-infarct region of the porcine hearts treated with BMV-CSC patch as compared to those that received control treatments. These findings establish the BMV-CSC patch as a novel engineered-tissue therapeutic for ischemic tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Su
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Ke Huang
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Kyle G Mathews
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Valery F Scharf
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Zhenhua Li
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Brianna N Frame
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Jhon Cores
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Phuong-Uyen Dinh
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States
| | - Michael A Daniele
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Frances S Ligler
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Ke Cheng
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States.,Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences and Comparative Medicine Institute, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27607, United States.,Divison of Pharmacoengineering and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
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van Zuylen VL, den Haan MC, Geutskens SB, Roelofs H, Fibbe WE, Schalij MJ, Atsma DE. Post-myocardial infarct inflammation and the potential role of cell therapy. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2015; 29:59-73. [PMID: 25583678 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-014-6568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction triggers reparative inflammatory processes programmed to repair damaged tissue. However, often additional injury to the myocardium occurs through the course of this inflammatory process, which ultimately can lead to heart failure. The potential beneficial effects of cell therapy in treating cardiac ischemic disease, the number one cause of death worldwide, are being studied extensively, both in clinical trials using adult stem cells as well as in fundamental research on cardiac stem cells and regenerative biology. This review summarizes the current knowledge on molecular and cellular processes implicated in post-infarction inflammation and discusses the potential beneficial role cell therapy might play in this process. Due to its immunomodulatory properties, the mesenchymal stromal cell is a candidate to reverse the disease progression of the infarcted heart towards heart failure, and therefore is emphasized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa-leigh van Zuylen
- Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300, RC, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Ybarra N, Vincent P, Smith LC, Troncy E. Oxytocin improves the expression of cardiac specific markers in porcine bone marrow stem cells differentiation. Res Vet Sci 2014; 98:42-50. [PMID: 25541154 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2014.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) treated with 5-azacytidine possess myogenic differentiation potential. Oxytocin (OT) induces cardiomyogenesis in murine embryonic and cardiac stem cells. We attempted to isolate, characterize, and induce OT-mediated cardiomyogenic differentiation of porcine pBMSCs. Cells were treated as: control, OT, and 5-azacytidine groups. During early passages, transcripts of Oct4, GATA4, OT receptor, and phospholamban were expressed. RT-PCR showed upregulation of GATA4 in OT and 5-azacytidine-induced groups. Immunocytochemistry revealed higher expressions of cardiac troponin T and myosin heavy chain in OT than in 5-azacytidine-induced groups (p < 0.01). Western blot analysis showed upregulation of cardiac troponin I in OT-induced pBMSCs (p < 0.01). We infer pBMSCs should be induced during early passages, when expressing transcription factors related to pluripotency and cardiomyogenesis, as well as OT receptor. The more abundant expression of cardiac specific proteins in OT-treated pBMSCs suggests OT could be a more potent cardiomyogenic inducer of pBMSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norma Ybarra
- GREPAQ - Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Vincent
- CRRA - Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Lawrence C Smith
- CRRA - Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Eric Troncy
- GREPAQ - Department of Veterinary Biomedicine, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.
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Lehtonen ST, Mäkelä J, Ohlmeier S, Ylitalo K, Juvonen T, Anttila V, Lehenkari P. Analysis of molecular changes after autologous cell therapy in swine myocardial infarction tissue can reveal novel targets for future therapy. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2012; 8:97-105. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Siri T. Lehtonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu; Finland
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; University of Oulu; Finland
| | - Jussi Mäkelä
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu; Finland
| | - Steffen Ohlmeier
- Proteomics Core Facility; Biocenter Oulu and University of Oulu; Finland
| | - Kari Ylitalo
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine and Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu; Finland
| | - Tatu Juvonen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu; Finland
| | - Vesa Anttila
- Institute of Clinical Medicine; Department of Surgery and Clinical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu; Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology; University of Oulu; Finland
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Ribeiro AJS, Tottey S, Taylor RWE, Bise R, Kanade T, Badylak SF, Dahl KN. Mechanical characterization of adult stem cells from bone marrow and perivascular niches. J Biomech 2012; 45:1280-7. [PMID: 22349118 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2011] [Revised: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Therapies using adult stem cells often require mechanical manipulation such as injection or incorporation into scaffolds. However, force-induced rupture and mechanosensitivity of cells during manipulation is largely ignored. Here, we image cell mechanical structures and perform a biophysical characterization of three different types of human adult stem cells: bone marrow CD34+ hematopoietic, bone marrow mesenchymal and perivascular mesenchymal stem cells. We use micropipette aspiration to characterize cell mechanics and quantify deformation of subcellular structures under force and its contribution to global cell deformation. Our results suggest that CD34+ cells are mechanically suitable for injection systems since cells transition from solid- to fluid-like at constant aspiration pressure, probably due to a poorly developed actin cytoskeleton. Conversely, mesenchymal stem cells from the bone marrow and perivascular niches are more suitable for seeding into biomaterial scaffolds since they are mechanically robust and have developed cytoskeletal structures that may allow cellular stable attachment and motility through solid porous environments. Among these, perivascular stem cells cultured in 6% oxygen show a developed cytoskeleton but a more compliant nucleus, which can facilitate the penetration into pores of tissues or scaffolds. We confirm the relevance of our measurements using cell motility and migration assays and measure survival of injected cells. Since different types of adult stem cells can be used for similar applications, we suggest considering mechanical properties of stem cells to match optimal mechanical characteristics of therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre J S Ribeiro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburg, PA 15213, United States
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Gokhale AGK, Chelluri LK, Kumaresan K, Subramanyam G, Sudhakar K, Vemuri S, Debnath T, Ratnakar KS. Evaluation of the autologous bone marrow mononuclear therapy and functional restoration in the scarred myocardium by imaging analysis. J Cardiovasc Dis Res 2011; 2:133-6. [PMID: 21814420 PMCID: PMC3144623 DOI: 10.4103/0975-3583.83037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A 62-year-old male patient with previous history of myocardial infarction, akinetic myocardial segments, and an ejection fraction of 31% with the NYHA class III category was selected for the autologous bone marrow (ABM)-derived mononuclear cell fraction injection during CABG surgery. Nitrate augmented myocardial tracer uptake was imaged by ECG gated SPECT pre- and 1 year post-ABM therapy, using radiotracer Tc99m Sestamibi. The baseline gated SPECT demonstrated full thickness infarct in 40% area of LAD territory. Bone marrow aspirate of 20.0 ml from sternum yielding a mono nuclear cell fraction of 4.5 × 107 cells/ml was suspended in 2.0 ml of sterile normal saline to be injected at eight sites of the injured myocardium. There were no apparent side effects due to the procedure, i.e., life threatening events, major bleeds, reaction, or shock. The case was followed at the end of 1, 3, 6 months by ECG and Holter monitor and ECG gated SPECT at the end of 12 months. The gated SPECT images demonstrated mild but definitely improved tracer uptake within part of the infarcted segments along with improvement in ejection fraction to 45%, and a clinical change in the NYHA Class to II. Cell-based therapy may offer benefits of induction of normal tissue microenvironment.
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