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Pinto AM, Hobden MR, Brown KD, Farrimond J, Targett D, Corpe CP, Ellis PR, Todorova Y, Socha K, Bahsoon S, Haworth C, Marcel M, Nie X, Hall WL. Acute effects of drinks containing blackcurrant and citrus (poly)phenols and dietary fibre on postprandial glycaemia, gut hormones, cognitive function and appetite in healthy adults: two randomised controlled trials. Food Funct 2023; 14:10163-10176. [PMID: 37902089 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03085g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
(Poly)phenol (PP)-rich blackcurrant (BC) extracts reduce postprandial glucose concentrations. Combinations with other fruit (poly)phenols and fruit fibre may enhance the effect. This study investigated the acute effects of combinations of BC extracts, high (H-BC) and low (L-BC) (poly)phenol concentrations, sweet orange extracts (SO) and fibre-rich orange pulp (F) in reducing postprandial glycaemia. In two randomised, double-blind, crossover design studies, healthy participants consumed seven types of 200 mL beverages: in the GLU-FX trial, H-BC (1600 mg PP); L-BC (800 mg PP); SO (800 mg PP); BC + SO (1600 mg PP) or CON (placebo); in the GLU-MIX trial, BC + F (800 mg PP), F (1.5 g fibre), or CON2 (placebo), immediately followed by consumption of 75 g available carbohydrate (starch and sugars). Blood was sampled at baseline and postprandially to measure changes in glucose, insulin, and gut hormones; appetite changes were assessed by visual analogue scales and, in GLU-MIX, ad libitum food intake and cognitive function were assessed. Twenty-nine and thirty-seven adults completed GLU-FX and GLU-MIX, respectively. L-BC reduced early postprandial glycaemia (0-30 min) with no differences in glucose incremental Cmax or total glycaemic response. No significant effect was observed following other drinks relative to CON. L-BC and H-BC drinks inhibited insulin secretion up to 30 min and GIP up to 120 min. In GLU-MIX, BC + F improved some indicators of cognitive function but not all. Measures of appetite were unaffected. The impact of (poly)phenol-rich BC extracts on total postprandial glycaemia in healthy participants was minimal and not enhanced when administered in combination with an orange (poly)phenol extract or orange pulp. Clinical Trials registered at https://www.clinicaltrials.gov: NCT03184064 (GLU-FX) and NCT03572296 (GLU-MIX).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Pinto
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
- Laboratório de Nutrição, Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Centro Académico de Medicina de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Professor Egas Moniz, 1649-028, Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Mark R Hobden
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Katherine D Brown
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
- Lucozade Ribena Suntory (UK), 2 Longwalk Road, Stockley Park, Uxbridge UB11 1BA, UK
| | - Jonathan Farrimond
- Lucozade Ribena Suntory (UK), 2 Longwalk Road, Stockley Park, Uxbridge UB11 1BA, UK
| | - Darren Targett
- Primoris Contract Solutions Ltd., 22 Redwood Drive, Ascot, Berkshire, SL5 0LW, UK
| | - Christopher P Corpe
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Peter R Ellis
- Biopolymers Group, Departments of Biochemistry and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, SE1 9NH, London, UK
| | - Yvanna Todorova
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Klaudia Socha
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Shatha Bahsoon
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Claudia Haworth
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Morgane Marcel
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Xirui Nie
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
| | - Wendy L Hall
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Life Course and Population Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street, London, SE1 9NH, UK.
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Tsofliou F, Pitsiladis YP, Lara J, Hadjicharalambous M, Macdonald IA, Wallace MA, Lean MEJ. The effects of moderate alterations in adrenergic activity on acute appetite regulation in obese women: A randomised crossover trial. Nutr Health 2020; 26:311-322. [PMID: 32729763 PMCID: PMC7534026 DOI: 10.1177/0260106020942117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background: Previous evidence has demonstrated that serum leptin is correlated with appetite in combination with, but not without, modest exercise. Aim: The present experiments investigated the effects of exogenous adrenaline and α/β adrenoceptor blockade in combination with moderate exercise on serum leptin concentrations, appetite/satiety sensations and subsequent food intake in obese women. Methods: A total of 10 obese women ((mean ± SEM), age: 50 (1.9) years, body mass index 36 (4.1) kg/m2, waist 104.8 (4.1) cm) participated in two separate, double-blind randomised experimental trials. Experiment 1: moderate exercise after α/β adrenergic blocker (labetalol, 100 mg orally) versus moderate exercise plus placebo; experiment 2: adrenaline infusion for 20 minutes versus saline infusion. Appetite/satiety and biochemistry were measured at baseline, pre- and immediately post-intervention, then 1 hour post-intervention (i.e., before dinner). Food intake was assessed via ad libitum buffet-style dinner. Results: No differences were found in appetite/satiety, subsequent food intake or serum leptin in any of the studies (experiment 1 or experiment 2). In experiment 1, blood glucose was higher (p < 0.01) and plasma free fatty acids lower (p = 0.04) versus placebo. In experiment 2, plasma free fatty acids (p < 0.05) increased after adrenaline versus saline infusion. Conclusions: Neither inhibition of exercise-induced adrenergic activity by combined α/β adrenergic blockade nor moderate increases in adrenergic activity induced by intravenous adrenaline infusion affected acute appetite regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fotini Tsofliou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, 3526University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Department of Rehabilitation and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, 375756Bournemouth University, United Kingdom
| | - Yannis P Pitsiladis
- College of Medical Veterinary and Life Science, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, 3526University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Centre for Sport and Exercise Science and Medicine, University of Brighton, United Kingdom
| | - Jose Lara
- Department of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, 5995Northumbria University, United Kingdom
| | - Marios Hadjicharalambous
- College of Medical Veterinary and Life Science, Institute of Cardiovascular & Medical Sciences, 3526University of Glasgow, United Kingdom.,Human Performance Laboratory, Department of Life & Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, 121343University of Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Ian A Macdonald
- School of Life Sciences, 6123University of Nottingham Medical School, Queen's Medical Centre, United Kingdom
| | - Mike A Wallace
- University Department of Pathological Biochemistry, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, United Kingdom
| | - Mike E J Lean
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, 3526University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Holt GM, Owen LJ, Till S, Cheng Y, Grant VA, Harden CJ, Corfe BM. Systematic literature review shows that appetite rating does not predict energy intake. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3577-3582. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1246414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guy M. Holt
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren J. Owen
- University of Central Lancashire, Psychology Department, Preston, Lancashire, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Till
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Yanying Cheng
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Vicky A. Grant
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte J. Harden
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Bernard M. Corfe
- Molecular Gastroenterology Research Group, Academic Unit of Surgical Oncology, The Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Insigneo Institute for in Silico Medicine, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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Test-meal palatability is associated with overconsumption but better represents preceding changes in appetite in non-obese males. Br J Nutr 2016; 116:935-43. [PMID: 27476887 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114516002750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Single-course, ad libitum meals are recommended for the assessment of energy intake within appetite research. This study represents the first investigation of the comparative sensitivity of two single-course, ad libitum meals designed to differ in palatability. We conducted two experiments using a preload study design. All protocols were identical except for the energy content of the preloads (Expt 1: 579 and 1776 kJ; Expt 2: 828 and 4188 kJ). During each experiment, ten healthy men completed four experimental trials constituting a low- or high-energy preload beverage, a 60-min intermeal interval and consumption of a pasta-based or a porridge-based, ad libitum meal. Appetite ratings were measured throughout each trial, and palatability was assessed after food consumption. Preload manipulation did not influence appetite (P=0·791) or energy intake (P=0·561) in Expt 1. Palatability and energy intake were higher for the pasta meal than for the porridge meal in both experiments (palatability P≤0·002; energy intake P≤0·001). In Expt 2, consumption of the high-energy preload decreased appetite (P=0·051) and energy intake (P=0·002). Energy compensation was not significantly different between pasta and porridge meals (P=0·172), but was more strongly correlated with preceding changes in appetite at the pasta meal (r -0·758; P=0·011) than the porridge meal (r -0·498; P=0·143). The provision of a highly palatable, pasta-based meal produced energy intakes that were more representative of preceding appetite ratings, but the moderately palatable, porridge-based meal produced more ecologically valid energy intakes. Ad libitum meal selection and design may require a compromise between sensitivity and ecological validity.
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Polydextrose results in a dose-dependent reduction in ad libitum energy intake at a subsequent test meal. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:934-42. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512005776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have reported that polydextrose can reduce food intake; however, the optimal dose required to achieve this effect is currently unknown. The present study investigated the effects of consuming a range of doses of polydextrose on appetite and energy intake (EI) using a randomised within-subject, cross-over design. For this purpose, twenty-one participants (n 12 men, n 9 women) consumed an 837 kJ liquid preload containing 0 g (control), 6·3, 12·5 or 25 g polydextrose. Subjective appetite ratings were collected using visual analogue scales and an ad libitum test meal was served 90 min later. Participants recorded EI for the remainder of the day in a food diary. Test meal EI following the control preload (5756 (sem 423) kJ) was significantly higher than following the 6·3 g (5048 (sem 384) kJ), 12·5 g (4722 (sem 384) kJ) and 25 g (4362 (sem 316) kJ) preloads (P< 0·05), and EI following the 6·3 g preload was significantly higher than following the 25 g preload (P< 0·01). There were no differences in self-reported EI during the remainder of the day between the preloads containing the varying doses of polydextrose. Total EI (breakfast+preload+ad libitum test meal+remainder of the day) was significantly higher when the control preload was consumed (12 051 (sem 805) kJ) compared with either the 12·5 g (10 854 (sem 589) kJ) or 25 g (10 658 (sem 506) kJ) preload (P< 0·05). These differences in EI were not accompanied by corresponding differences in subjective appetite ratings. In summary, polydextrose effectively reduces subsequent EI in a dose-dependent manner.
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Astbury NM, Taylor MA, Macdonald IA. Breakfast consumption affects appetite, energy intake, and the metabolic and endocrine responses to foods consumed later in the day in male habitual breakfast eaters. J Nutr 2011; 141:1381-9. [PMID: 21562233 DOI: 10.3945/jn.110.128645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of breakfast consumption on energy intake and the responses to foods consumed later in the day remain unclear. Twelve men of healthy body weight who reported regularly consuming breakfast (mean ± SD age 23.4 ± 7.3 y; BMI 23.5 ± 1.7 kg/m(2)) completed 2 trials using a randomized crossover design. Participants were provided with a 1050-kJ liquid preload 150 min after consuming a standardized breakfast (B) (10% daily energy requirement and 14, 14, and 72% energy from protein, fat, and carbohydrate, respectively), or no breakfast (NB). Blood glucose and serum insulin responses to the preload (area under the curve) were higher in the NB condition (P < 0.05). Plasma FFA responses to the preload were higher in the NB condition (P < 0.01). Plasma glucagon-like peptide 1 (P < 0.01) and plasma peptide Y (P < 0.05) responses were higher after the preload in the B condition. Desire to eat, fullness, and hunger ratings collected immediately prior to consuming the preload were all different from the fasting values in the NB condition (P < 0.05). Thus, immediately prior to consuming the preload, the fullness rating was lower and hunger and desire to eat ratings were higher in the NB condition (P < 0.05). Energy intake at the lunchtime test meal was ~17% lower in the B condition (P < 0.01). In conclusion, missing breakfast causes metabolic and hormonal differences in the responses to foods consumed later in the morning as well as differences in subjective appetite and a compensatory increase in energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerys M Astbury
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK.
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