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Nicolas G, Zaréa A, Lacour M, Quenez O, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Bonnevalle A, Schramm C, Olaso R, Sandron F, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Andriuta D, Anthony P, Auriacombe S, Balageas AC, Ballan G, Barbay M, Béjot Y, Belliard S, Benaiteau M, Bennys K, Bombois S, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Branger P, Carlier J, Cartz-Piver L, Cassagnaud P, Ceccaldi MP, Chauviré V, Chen Y, Cogez J, Cognat E, Contegal-Callier F, Corneille L, Couratier P, Cretin B, Crinquette C, Dauriat B, Dautricourt S, de la Sayette V, de Liège A, Deffond D, Demurger F, Deramecourt V, Derollez C, Dionet E, Doco Fenzy M, Dumurgier J, Dutray A, Etcharry-Bouyx F, Formaglio M, Gabelle A, Gainche-Salmon A, Godefroy O, Graber M, Gregoire C, Grimaldi S, Gueniat J, Gueriot C, Guillet-Pichon V, Haffen S, Hanta CR, Hardy C, Hautecloque G, Heitz C, Hourregue C, Jonveaux T, Jurici S, Koric L, Krolak-Salmon P, Lagarde J, Lanoiselée HM, Laurens B, Le Ber I, Le Guyader G, Leblanc A, Lebouvier T, Levy R, Lippi A, Mackowiak MA, Magnin E, Marelli C, Martinaud O, Maureille A, Migliaccio R, Milongo-Rigal E, Mohr S, Mollion H, Morin A, Nivelle J, Noiray C, Olivieri P, Paquet C, Pariente J, Pasquier F, Perron A, Philippi N, Planche V, Pouclet-Courtemanche H, Rafiq M, Rollin-Sillaire A, Roué-Jagot C, Saracino D, Sarazin M, Sauvée M, Sellal F, Teichmann M, Thauvin C, Thomas Q, Tisserand C, Turpinat C, Van Damme L, Vercruysse O, Villain N, Wagemann N, Charbonnier C, Wallon D. Assessment of Mendelian and risk-factor genes in Alzheimer disease: A prospective nationwide clinical utility study and recommendations for genetic screening. Genet Med 2024; 26:101082. [PMID: 38281098 DOI: 10.1016/j.gim.2024.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the likely pathogenic/pathogenic (LP/P) variants rates in Mendelian dementia genes and the moderate-to-strong risk factors rates in patients with Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS We included 700 patients in a prospective study and performed exome sequencing. A panel of 28 Mendelian and 6 risk-factor genes was interpreted and returned to patients. We built a framework for risk variant interpretation and risk gradation and assessed the detection rates among early-onset AD (EOAD, age of onset (AOO) ≤65 years, n = 608) depending on AOO and pedigree structure and late-onset AD (66 < AOO < 75, n = 92). RESULTS Twenty-one patients carried a LP/P variant in a Mendelian gene (all with EOAD, 3.4%), 20 of 21 affected APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2. LP/P variant detection rates in EOAD ranged from 1.7% to 11.6% based on AOO and pedigree structure. Risk factors were found in 69.5% of the remaining 679 patients, including 83 (12.2%) being heterozygotes for rare risk variants, in decreasing order of frequency, in TREM2, ABCA7, ATP8B4, SORL1, and ABCA1, including 5 heterozygotes for multiple rare risk variants, suggesting non-monogenic inheritance, even in some autosomal-dominant-like pedigrees. CONCLUSION We suggest that genetic screening should be proposed to all EOAD patients and should no longer be prioritized based on pedigree structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Nicolas
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France.
| | - Aline Zaréa
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Morgane Lacour
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Stéphane Rousseau
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Richard
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Antoine Bonnevalle
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France; Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Catherine Schramm
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, France
| | - Florian Sandron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Evry, France
| | - Daniela Andriuta
- Service de Neurologie CHU Amiens et Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Pierre Anthony
- Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Sophie Auriacombe
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Mélanie Barbay
- Service de Neurologie CHU Amiens et Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Yannick Béjot
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Serge Belliard
- Unité de recherche 1077 INSERM-EPHE-UNICAEN Neuropsychologie & Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine (NIMH), Caen, France; Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche Haute Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Marie Benaiteau
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Karim Bennys
- Memory Ressources Research Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Stéphanie Bombois
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | | | - Pierre Branger
- Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Jasmine Carlier
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Leslie Cartz-Piver
- Memory Ressources Research Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Limoges, France Inserm U1094, IRD U270, EPIMACT, Université of Limoges, Limoges, France
| | | | - Mathieu-Pierre Ceccaldi
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology UMR 7051 Aix Marseille Université & Assistance Publique de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Valérie Chauviré
- CMRR, CRMR Neurogénétique, Service de Neurologie, CHU d'ANGERS, Angers, France
| | - Yaohua Chen
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm 1172, Memory center, CNRMAJ, LiCEND, Labex DistAlz 59000 Lille, France
| | - Julien Cogez
- Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France
| | - Emmanuel Cognat
- Cognitive Neurology Center, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
| | | | - Léa Corneille
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology UMR 7051 Aix Marseille Université & Assistance Publique de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Benjamin Cretin
- CMRR d'Alsace, Service de Neurologie, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Benjamin Dauriat
- Service de Génétique Médicale, Hopital Mère-Enfant, CHU Limoges, Limoges, France
| | - Sophie Dautricourt
- CMRR Lyon, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Vincent de la Sayette
- Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France; Normandie UNIV, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Astrid de Liège
- Service de Neurologie, APHP, Hôpital Avicenne, Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Bobigny, France
| | - Didier Deffond
- CMRR Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Neurologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - Vincent Deramecourt
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm 1172, Memory center, CNRMAJ, LiCEND, Labex DistAlz 59000 Lille, France
| | | | - Elsa Dionet
- CMRR Clermont-Ferrand, Service de Neurologie, CHU Clermont-Ferrand, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Martine Doco Fenzy
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, Nantes, France; CHU Nantes, Service de Génétique, Nantes, France; CHU Reims, Service de Génétique, Reims, France
| | - Julien Dumurgier
- Cognitive Neurology Center, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Dutray
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Maïté Formaglio
- CMRR Lyon, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Memory Ressources Research Center, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Anne Gainche-Salmon
- Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche Haute Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Olivier Godefroy
- Service de Neurologie CHU Amiens et Laboratoire de Neurosciences Fonctionnelles et Pathologies, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mathilde Graber
- Centre mémoire ressources et recherche, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Chloé Gregoire
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Bordeaux, France
| | - Stephan Grimaldi
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology UMR 7051 Aix Marseille Université & Assistance Publique de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - Julien Gueniat
- Centre mémoire ressources et recherche, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Claude Gueriot
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology UMR 7051 Aix Marseille Université & Assistance Publique de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | | | - Sophie Haffen
- Centre mémoire Recherche Ressources, Service de Neurologie, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Cezara-Roxana Hanta
- Centre Mémoire Ressources et Recherche Haute Bretagne, CHU Rennes, Rennes, France
| | - Clémence Hardy
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | | | - Camille Heitz
- Institut du cerveau Trocadero, Paris, France; Neurology Department, Hôpital Universitaire de Nîmes, Nîmes, France
| | - Claire Hourregue
- Cognitive Neurology Center, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France
| | - Thérèse Jonveaux
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche de Lorraine Service de Neurologie CHRU Nancy, Nancy, France; Laboratoire 2LPN EA 7489 Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | - Snejana Jurici
- Consultation Mémoire, Service de Gériatrie, Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | - Lejla Koric
- Institute of Neurophysiopathology UMR 7051 Aix Marseille Université & Assistance Publique de Marseille, Marseille, France; Aix-Marseille Univ, UMR 7249, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Krolak-Salmon
- CMRR Lyon, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Julien Lagarde
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, F-91401, Orsay, France
| | | | - Brice Laurens
- CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Bordeaux, France
| | - Isabelle Le Ber
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | | | - Amélie Leblanc
- Consultations neurologiques, HIA Clermont-Tonnerre, Brest, France; Service de neurologie, CHU Cavale-Blanche, Brest, France
| | - Thibaud Lebouvier
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm 1172, Memory center, CNRMAJ, LiCEND, Labex DistAlz 59000 Lille, France
| | - Richard Levy
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | - Anaïs Lippi
- Service de Neurologie, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Eloi Magnin
- Laboratoire de neuroscience, Université de Franche-Comté UFC et Service de Neurologie, CMRR, CHU Besançon, Besançon, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- Service de Neurologie, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Olivier Martinaud
- Department of Neurology, Caen University Hospital, Caen, France; Normandie UNIV, UNICAEN, PSL Research University, EPHE, INSERM, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | | | - Raffaella Migliaccio
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Milongo-Rigal
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Mohr
- Centre mémoire ressources et recherche, CHU Dijon, Dijon, France
| | - Hélène Mollion
- CMRR Lyon, Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Lyon, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Alexandre Morin
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France; Département de Psychiatrie, Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Université de Rouen, 76000, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | | | - Camille Noiray
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, F-91401, Orsay, France
| | - Pauline Olivieri
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, F-91401, Orsay, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Cognitive Neurology Center, AP-HP.Nord, Site Lariboisière Fernand-Widal, Paris, France; Université Paris Cité, UMR-S 1144, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Jérémie Pariente
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM-University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- Univ Lille, CHU Lille, Inserm 1172, Memory center, CNRMAJ, LiCEND, Labex DistAlz 59000 Lille, France
| | - Alexandre Perron
- Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, F-68000 Colmar, France
| | - Nathalie Philippi
- CMRR d'Alsace, Service de Neurologie, CHU Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Vincent Planche
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS UMR 5293, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives, Bordeaux, France; CHU de Bordeaux, Pôle de Neurosciences Cliniques, Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Marie Rafiq
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France; Toulouse NeuroImaging Center (ToNIC), INSERM-University of Toulouse Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Carole Roué-Jagot
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, F-91401, Orsay, France
| | - Dario Saracino
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology of Memory and Language, GHU Paris Psychiatrie & Neurosciences, Hôpital Sainte Anne, F-75014, Paris, France; Université Paris-Cité, F-75006 Paris, France; Université Paris-Saclay, BioMaps, Service Hospitalier Frédéric Joliot CEA, CNRS, Inserm, F-91401, Orsay, France
| | - Mathilde Sauvée
- Centre Mémoire de Ressources et de Recherche, Pôle PReNeLe, CHU Grenoble Alpes CS 10226, 38043 Grenoble Cedex 9, France; Unité de recherche mixte Université Grenoble Alpes/Université Savoie Montblanc, CNRS UMR 5115, Laboratoire de Psychologie et Neurocognition (LPNC), 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - François Sellal
- Department of Neurology, Hôpitaux Civils de Colmar, F-68000 Colmar, France; University of Strasbourg, Medicine Faculty, INSERM, U-1118, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marc Teichmann
- AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | - Christel Thauvin
- Genetics Center, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Quentin Thomas
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France; Genetics Center, University Hospital of Dijon, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Camille Tisserand
- Neurology Department, Hôpital Pierre-Paul Riquet, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Cédric Turpinat
- Service de Neurologie, Hopital Gui de Chauliac, CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Laurène Van Damme
- Service de Neurologie, Centre Hospitalier Perpignan, Perpignan, France
| | | | - Nicolas Villain
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM U1127, CNRS 7235, Institut du Cerveau - ICM, Paris, France; AP-HP Sorbonne Université, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Department of Neurology, Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease, Paris, France
| | | | - Camille Charbonnier
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Biostatistics and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, F-76000 Rouen, France
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Beschorner N, Nedergaard M. Glymphatic system dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases. Curr Opin Neurol 2024; 37:182-188. [PMID: 38345416 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000001252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Purpose of this review is to update the ongoing work in the field of glymphatic and neurodegenerative research and to highlight focus areas that are particularly promising. RECENT FINDINGS Multiple reports have over the past decade documented that glymphatic fluid transport is broadly suppressed in neurodegenerative diseases. Most studies have focused on Alzheimer's disease using a variety of preclinical disease models, whereas the clinical work is based on various neuroimaging approaches. It has consistently been reported that brain fluid transport is impaired in patients suffering from Alzheimer's disease compared with age-matched control subjects. SUMMARY An open question in the field is to define the mechanistic underpinning of why glymphatic function is suppressed. Other questions include the opportunities for using glymphatic imaging for diagnostic purposes and in treatment intended to prevent or slow Alzheimer disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Beschorner
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Maiken Nedergaard
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Center for Translational Neuromedicine, University of Rochester Medical School, Rochester, New York, USA
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Perković R, Frančić M, Petrović R, Ozretić D, Škara S, Pećin I, Borovečki F. Early-onset Alzheimer's disease due to novel LDLR gene mutation. Acta Neurol Belg 2024; 124:325-327. [PMID: 37382851 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-023-02316-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Romana Perković
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.
| | | | - Ratimir Petrović
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Radiation Protection, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - David Ozretić
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Stipe Škara
- Department of Neurology, General Hospital Zadar, Zadar, Croatia
| | - Ivan Pećin
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Fran Borovečki
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Centre Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Timmi A, Morin A, Guillin O, Nicolas G. One Train May Hide Another: Two Cases of Co-Occurring Primary Familial Brain Calcification and Alzheimer's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2024; 74:2. [PMID: 38180527 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-023-02184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare disorder that can manifest with a wide spectrum of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric symptoms or even remain asymptomatic. Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common condition that typically starts as a progressive amnestic disorder and progresses to major cognitive impairment. Accurately attributing an etiology to cognitive impairment can sometimes be challenging, especially when multiple pathologies with potentially overlapping symptomatology contribute to the clinical phenotype. Here, we present the case of two patients with autosomal dominant PFBC and non-monogenic AD. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker analysis combined with genetic testing permitted the dual diagnosis. We emphasize the importance of thoroughly characterizing the patient's phenotype at onset and during the follow-up. Particular attention is placed on psychiatric symptoms given that both patients had a history of mood disorder, a frequent condition in the general population and in neurological diseases. We also discuss and challenge the paradigm of seeking a single diagnosis explaining all symptoms, remembering the possibility of a rare disease co-occurring with a common one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Timmi
- Department of Psychiatry, Rouvray Hospital, Univ Rouen Normandie, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Alexandre Morin
- Department of Psychiatry, Rouvray Hospital, Univ Rouen Normandie, F-76000, Rouen, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ and CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Guillin
- Department of Psychiatry, Rouvray Hospital, Univ Rouen Normandie, F-76000, Rouen, France
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Psychiatry, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Univ Rouen Normandie, Normandie Univ, Inserm U1245 and CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, F-76000, Rouen, France.
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Li Y, Yang Z, Zhang Y, Liu F, Xu J, Meng Y, Xing G, Ruan X, Sun J, Zhang N. Genetic Screening of Patients with Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration in the Chinese Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:577-593. [PMID: 38701145 DOI: 10.3233/jad-231361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) account for the vast majority of neurodegenerative dementias. AD and FTLD have different clinical phenotypes with a genetic overlap between them and other dementias. Objective This study aimed to identify the genetic spectrum of sporadic AD and FTLD in the Chinese population. Methods A total of 74 sporadic AD and 29 sporadic FTLD participants were recruited. All participants underwent whole-exome sequencing (WES) and testing for a hexanucleotide expansion in C9orf72 was additionally performed for participants with negative WES results. Results Four known pathogenic or likely pathogenic variants, including PSEN1 (p.G206D), MAPT (p.R5H), LRRK2 (p.W1434*), and CFAP43 (p.C934*), were identified in AD participants, and 1 novel pathogenic variant of ANXA11 (p.D40G) and two known likely pathogenic variants of MAPT (p.D177V) and TARDBP (p.I383V) were identified in FTLD participants. Twenty-four variants of uncertain significance as well as rare variants in risk genes for dementia, such as ABCA7, SORL1, TRPM7, NOS3, MPO, and DCTN1, were also found. Interestingly, several variants in participants with semantic variant primary progressive aphasia were detected. However, no participants with C9orf72 gene variants were found in the FTLD cohort. Conclusions There was a high frequency of genetic variants in Chinese participants with sporadic AD and FTLD and a complex genetic overlap between these two types of dementia and other neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoru Li
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, China
- Department Five of Neurology, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Yunhe District, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Ziying Yang
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaping Meng
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Gebeili Xing
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuqin Ruan
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Sun
- Tianjin Medical Laboratory, BGI-Tianjin, BGI-Shenzhen, Tianjin, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Heping District, Tianjin, China
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6
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Course MM, Gudsnuk K, Keene CD, Bird TD, Jayadev S, Valdmanis PN. Aberrant splicing of PSEN2, but not PSEN1, in individuals with sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Brain 2023; 146:507-518. [PMID: 35949106 PMCID: PMC10169283 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awac294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disease, characterized by dementia and premature death. Early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease is caused in part by pathogenic variants in presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2), and alternative splicing of these two genes has been implicated in both familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Here, we leveraged targeted isoform-sequencing to characterize thousands of complete PSEN1 and PSEN2 transcripts in the prefrontal cortex of individuals with sporadic Alzheimer's disease, familial Alzheimer's disease (carrying PSEN1 and PSEN2 variants), and controls. Our results reveal alternative splicing patterns of PSEN2 specific to sporadic Alzheimer's disease, including a human-specific cryptic exon present in intron 9 of PSEN2 as well as a 77 bp intron retention product before exon 6 that are both significantly elevated in sporadic Alzheimer's disease samples, alongside a significantly lower percentage of canonical full-length PSEN2 transcripts versus familial Alzheimer's disease samples and controls. Both alternatively spliced products are predicted to generate a prematurely truncated PSEN2 protein and were corroborated in an independent cerebellum RNA-sequencing dataset. In addition, our data in PSEN variant carriers is consistent with the hypothesis that PSEN1 and PSEN2 variants need to produce full-length but variant proteins to contribute to the onset of Alzheimer's disease, although intriguingly there were far fewer full-length transcripts carrying pathogenic alleles versus wild-type alleles in PSEN2 variant carriers. Finally, we identify frequent RNA editing at Alu elements present in an extended 3' untranslated region in PSEN2. Overall, this work expands the understanding of PSEN1 and PSEN2 variants in Alzheimer's disease, shows that transcript differences in PSEN2 may play a role in sporadic Alzheimer's disease, and suggests novel mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith M Course
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology, Colorado College, Colorado Springs, CO 80903, USA
| | - Kathryn Gudsnuk
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - C Dirk Keene
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Thomas D Bird
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Northwest Mental Illness Research, Education and Clinical Centers, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Puget Sound VA Medical Center, Seattle, WA 98108, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Paul N Valdmanis
- Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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7
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Abondio P, Bruno F, Bruni AC, Luiselli D. Rare Amyloid Precursor Protein Point Mutations Recapitulate Worldwide Migration and Admixture in Healthy Individuals: Implications for the Study of Neurodegeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415871. [PMID: 36555510 PMCID: PMC9781461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic discoveries related to Alzheimer's disease and other dementias have been performed using either large cohorts of affected subjects or multiple individuals from the same pedigree, therefore disregarding mutations in the context of healthy groups. Moreover, a large portion of studies so far have been performed on individuals of European ancestry, with a remarkable lack of epidemiological and genomic data from underrepresented populations. In the present study, 70 single-point mutations on the APP gene in a publicly available genetic dataset that included 2504 healthy individuals from 26 populations were scanned, and their distribution was analyzed. Furthermore, after gametic phase reconstruction, a pairwise comparison of the segments surrounding the mutations was performed to reveal patterns of haplotype sharing that could point to specific cross-population and cross-ancestry admixture events. Eight mutations were detected in the worldwide dataset, with several of them being specific for a single individual, population, or macroarea. Patterns of segment sharing reflected recent historical events of migration and admixture possibly linked to colonization campaigns. These observations reveal the population dynamics of the considered APP mutations in worldwide human groups and support the development of ancestry-informed screening practices for the improvement of precision and personalized approaches to neurodegeneration and dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Abondio
- Laboratory of Ancient DNA, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
- Laboratory of Molecular Anthropology and Center for Genome Biology, Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, University of Bologna, Via Selmi 3, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Bruno
- Regional Neurogenetic Center (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Association for Neurogenetic Research (ARN), 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Amalia Cecilia Bruni
- Regional Neurogenetic Center (CRN), Department of Primary Care, ASP Catanzaro, 88046 Lamezia Terme, Italy
| | - Donata Luiselli
- Laboratory of Ancient DNA, Department of Cultural Heritage, University of Bologna, Via degli Ariani 1, 48121 Ravenna, Italy
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8
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Wallon D, Nicolas G. Genetica della malattia di Alzheimer. Neurologia 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1634-7072(22)47093-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
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9
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Genetics, Functions, and Clinical Impact of Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) Gene. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810970. [PMID: 36142879 PMCID: PMC9504248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-1 (PSEN1) has been verified as an important causative factor for early onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD). PSEN1 is a part of γ-secretase, and in addition to amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleavage, it can also affect other processes, such as Notch signaling, β-cadherin processing, and calcium metabolism. Several motifs and residues have been identified in PSEN1, which may play a significant role in γ-secretase mechanisms, such as the WNF, GxGD, and PALP motifs. More than 300 mutations have been described in PSEN1; however, the clinical phenotypes related to these mutations may be diverse. In addition to classical EOAD, patients with PSEN1 mutations regularly present with atypical phenotypic symptoms, such as spasticity, seizures, and visual impairment. In vivo and in vitro studies were performed to verify the effect of PSEN1 mutations on EOAD. The pathogenic nature of PSEN1 mutations can be categorized according to the ACMG-AMP guidelines; however, some mutations could not be categorized because they were detected only in a single case, and their presence could not be confirmed in family members. Genetic modifiers, therefore, may play a critical role in the age of disease onset and clinical phenotypes of PSEN1 mutations. This review introduces the role of PSEN1 in γ-secretase, the clinical phenotypes related to its mutations, and possible significant residues of the protein.
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10
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Schramm C, Charbonnier C, Zaréa A, Lacour M, Wallon D, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Olaso R, Alarcon F, Campion D, Nuel G, Nicolas G. Penetrance estimation of Alzheimer disease in SORL1 loss-of-function variant carriers using a family-based strategy and stratification by APOE genotypes. Genome Med 2022; 14:69. [PMID: 35761418 PMCID: PMC9238165 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-022-01070-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer disease (AD) is a common complex disorder with a high genetic component. Loss-of-function (LoF) SORL1 variants are one of the strongest AD genetic risk factors. Estimating their age-related penetrance is essential before putative use for genetic counseling or preventive trials. However, relative rarity and co-occurrence with the main AD risk factor, APOE-ε4, make such estimations difficult. METHODS We proposed to estimate the age-related penetrance of SORL1-LoF variants through a survival framework by estimating the conditional instantaneous risk combining (i) a baseline for non-carriers of SORL1-LoF variants, stratified by APOE-ε4, derived from the Rotterdam study (N = 12,255), and (ii) an age-dependent proportional hazard effect for SORL1-LoF variants estimated from 27 extended pedigrees (including 307 relatives ≥ 40 years old, 45 of them having genotyping information) recruited from the French reference center for young Alzheimer patients. We embedded this model into an expectation-maximization algorithm to accommodate for missing genotypes. To correct for ascertainment bias, proband phenotypes were omitted. Then, we assessed if our penetrance curves were concordant with age distributions of APOE-ε4-stratified SORL1-LoF variant carriers detected among sequencing data of 13,007 cases and 10,182 controls from European and American case-control study consortia. RESULTS SORL1-LoF variants penetrance curves reached 100% (95% confidence interval [99-100%]) by age 70 among APOE-ε4ε4 carriers only, compared with 56% [40-72%] and 37% [26-51%] in ε4 heterozygous carriers and ε4 non-carriers, respectively. These estimates were fully consistent with observed age distributions of SORL1-LoF variant carriers in case-control study data. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that SORL1-LoF variants should be interpreted in light of APOE genotypes for future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Schramm
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, 22 boulevard Gambetta - CS 76183, Rouen, F-76000, France
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, 22 boulevard Gambetta - CS 76183, Rouen, F-76000, France
| | - Aline Zaréa
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, Rouen, F-76000, France
| | - Morgane Lacour
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, Rouen, F-76000, France
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Neurology and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, Rouen, F-76000, France
| | | | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, 91057, Evry, France
| | | | - Flora Alarcon
- MAP5, UMR-CNRS 8145, Paris University, 75270, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, 22 boulevard Gambetta - CS 76183, Rouen, F-76000, France.,Department of Research, Rouvray Psychiatric Hospital, 76681, Sotteville-Lès-Rouen, France
| | - Grégory Nuel
- LPSM, CNRS 8001, Sorbonne University, 75005, Paris, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie Université, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNRMAJ, FHU-G4 Génomique, 22 boulevard Gambetta - CS 76183, Rouen, F-76000, France.
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11
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This article discusses the spectrum of genetic risk in familial and sporadic forms of early- and late-onset Alzheimer disease (AD). Recent work illuminating the complex genetic architecture of AD is discussed in the context of high and low risk and what is known in different populations. RECENT FINDINGS A small proportion of AD is autosomal dominant familial AD caused by variants in PSEN1, PSEN2, or APP, although more recently described rare genetic changes can also increase risk substantially over the general population, with odds ratios estimated at 2 to 4. APOE remains the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, and understanding the biology of APOE has yielded mechanistic insights and leads for therapeutic interventions. Genome-wide studies enabled by rapidly developing technologic advances in sequencing have identified numerous risk factors that have a low impact on risk but are widely shared throughout the population and involve a repertoire of cell pathways, again shining light on potential paths to intervention. Population studies aimed at defining and stratifying genetic AD risk have been informative, although they are not yet widely applicable clinically because the studies were not performed in people with diverse ancestry and ethnicity and thus population-wide data are lacking. SUMMARY The value of genetic information to practitioners in the clinic is distinct from information sought by researchers looking to identify novel therapeutic targets. It is possible to envision a future in which genetic stratification joins other biomarkers to facilitate therapeutic choices and inform prognosis. Genetics already has transformed our understanding of AD pathogenesis and will, no doubt, continue to reveal the complexity of brain biology in health and disease.
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12
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What contribution can genetics make to predict the risk of Alzheimer's disease? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2022; 178:414-421. [PMID: 35491248 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2022.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Although its etiology remains incompletely understood, genetic variants are important contributors. The prediction of AD risk through individual genetic variants is an important topic of research that may have individual and societal consequences when preventive treatments will become available. However, the genetic substratum of AD is heterogeneous. In addition to the extremely rare and fully penetrant pathogenic variants of the PSEN1, PSEN2 or APP genes causing autosomal dominant AD, a large spectrum of risk factors have been identified in complex forms, including the common risk factor APOEɛ4, which is associated with a moderate-to-high risk, common polymorphisms associated with a modest individual risk, and a plethora of rare variants in genes like SORL1, TREM2 or ABCA7 with moderate to high-magnitude effect. Understanding how these genetic factors contribute to AD risk in a given individual, in additional to non-genetic factors, remains a challenge. Over the last 10 years, age-related penetrance curves have progressively incorporated advances in the knowledge of AD genetics, from APOE to common polygenic components and, currently, SORL1 rare variants, which represents an important step towards precision medicine in AD. In this review, we present the complex genetic architecture of AD and we expose the prediction of AD risk according to its underlying genetic component.
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13
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Rovelet-Lecrux A, Feuillette S, Miguel L, Schramm C, Pernet S, Quenez O, Ségalas-Milazzo I, Guilhaudis L, Rousseau S, Riou G, Frébourg T, Campion D, Nicolas G, Lecourtois M. Impaired SorLA maturation and trafficking as a new mechanism for SORL1 missense variants in Alzheimer disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:196. [PMID: 34922638 PMCID: PMC8684260 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01294-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The SorLA protein, encoded by the SORL1 gene, is a major player in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathophysiology. Functional and genetic studies demonstrated that SorLA deficiency results in increased production of Aβ peptides, and thus a higher risk of AD. A large number of SORL1 missense variants have been identified in AD patients, but their functional consequences remain largely undefined. Here, we identified a new pathophysiological mechanism, by which rare SORL1 missense variants identified in AD patients result in altered maturation and trafficking of the SorLA protein. An initial screening, based on the overexpression of 70 SorLA variants in HEK293 cells, revealed that 15 of them (S114R, R332W, G543E, S564G, S577P, R654W, R729W, D806N, Y934C, D1535N, D1545E, P1654L, Y1816C, W1862C, P1914S) induced a maturation and trafficking-deficient phenotype. Three of these variants (R332W, S577P, and R654W) and two maturation-competent variants (S124R and N371T) were further studied in details in CRISPR/Cas9-modified hiPSCs. When expressed at endogenous levels, the R332W, S577P, and R654W SorLA variants also showed a maturation defective profile. We further demonstrated that these variants were largely retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, resulting in a reduction in the delivery of SorLA mature protein to the plasma membrane and to the endosomal system. Importantly, expression of the R332W and R654W variants in hiPSCs was associated with a clear increase of Aβ secretion, demonstrating a loss-of-function effect of these SorLA variants regarding this ultimate readout, and a direct link with AD pathophysiology. Furthermore, structural analysis of the impact of missense variants on SorLA protein suggested that impaired cellular trafficking of SorLA protein could be due to subtle variations of the protein 3D structure resulting from changes in the interatomic interactions.
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14
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Lenglez S, Sablon A, Fénelon G, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Boutoleau-Bretonnière C, Nicolas G, Demoulin JB. Distinct functional classes of PDGFRB pathogenic variants in primary familial brain calcification. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 31:399-409. [PMID: 34494111 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRB) is one of the genes associated with primary familial brain calcification (PFBC), an inherited neurological disease (OMIM:173410). Genetic analysis of patients and families revealed at least 13 PDGFRB heterozygous missense variants, including two novel ones described in the present report. Limited experimental data published on five of these variants had suggested that they decrease the receptor activity. No functional information was available on the impact of variants located within the receptor extracellular domains. Here, we performed a comprehensive molecular analysis of PDGFRB variants linked to PFBC. Mutated receptors were transfected in various cell lines to monitor receptor expression, signaling, mitogenic activity, and ligand binding. Four mutants caused a complete loss of tyrosine kinase activity in multiple assays. One of the novel variants, p.Pro154Ser, decreased the receptor expression and abolished binding of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF-BB). Others showed a partial loss of function related to reduced expression or signaling. Combining clinical, genetic and molecular data, we consider nine variants as pathogenic or likely pathogenic, three as benign or likely benign and one as a variant of unknown significance. We discuss the possible relationship between the variant residual activity, incomplete penetrance, brain calcification and neurological symptoms. In conclusion, we identified distinct molecular mechanisms whereby PDGFRB variants may result in a receptor loss of function. This work will facilitate genetic counselling in PFBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Lenglez
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, BE-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ariane Sablon
- De Duve Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, BE-1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gilles Fénelon
- Department of Neurology, APHP, CHU Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, F-91057, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, F-91057, Evry, France
| | - Claire Boutoleau-Bretonnière
- CHU Nantes, Centre Mémoire Ressource et Recherche (CMRR), Department of Neurology, F-44093, Nantes, France.,Inserm CIC 04, F-4409, Nantes, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245, CHU Rouen, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, FHU G4 Génomique, F-76000, Rouen, France
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15
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Li XY, Cui Y, Jing D, Xie K, Zhong X, Kong Y, Wang Y, Chu M, Wang C, Wu L. Novel PSEN1 and PSEN2 Mutations Identified in Sporadic Early-onset Alzheimer Disease and Posterior Cortical Atrophy. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2021; 35:208-213. [PMID: 33973882 PMCID: PMC8386585 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Sporadic early-onset Alzheimer disease (sEOAD) and its visual variant, posterior cortical atrophy (PCA), have a disease onset at less than 65 years of age with no familial aggregation. The etiology and genetic basis of these diseases remain poorly understood. Our study aimed to identify additional mutations or variants associated with sEOAD and PCA and to further examine their genetic and phenotypic spectrums. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing and analyzed the clinical and neuroimaging features of mutation carriers with 29 patients having sEOAD and 25 having PCA. RESULTS Nine rare damaging variants were identified in 4 patients with sEOAD and 3 with PCA. A novel mutation (p.A136V) in PSEN1 was identified in a patient with sEOAD and a likely pathogenic variant (p.M239T) was identified for PSEN2 in a patient with PCA. In addition, 7 rare damaging variants were detected in other genes related to neurodegenerative diseases. The patient carrying the PSEN1 p.A136V mutation presented with typical clinical and imaging features of sEOAD, and the PCA patient with the PSEN2 p.M239T mutation presented with visuospatial impairment as the initial symptom. CONCLUSION Our study expands the PSEN1 mutation spectrum of sEOAD and highlights the importance of screening PSEN1 and/or PSEN2 mutations in PCA patients.
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16
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Xiao X, Liu H, Liu X, Zhang W, Zhang S, Jiao B. APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 Variants in Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Re-evaluation According to ACMG Guidelines. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:695808. [PMID: 34220489 PMCID: PMC8249733 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.695808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The strategies of classifying APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 variants varied substantially in the previous studies. We aimed to re-evaluate these variants systematically according to the American college of medical genetics and genomics and the association for molecular pathology (ACMG-AMP) guidelines. In our study, APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 variants were collected by searching Alzforum and PubMed database with keywords “PSEN1,” “PSEN2,” and “APP.” These variants were re-evaluated based on the ACMG-AMP guidelines. We compared the number of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants of APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2. In total, 66 APP variants, 323 PSEN1 variants, and 63 PSEN2 variants were re-evaluated in our study. 94.91% of previously reported pathogenic variants were re-classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, while 5.09% of them were variants of uncertain significance (VUS). PSEN1 carried the most prevalent pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants, followed by APP and PSEN2. Significant statistically difference was identified among these three genes when comparing the number of pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants (P < 2.2 × 10–16). Most of the previously reported pathogenic variants were re-classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants while the others were re-evaluated as VUS, highlighting the importance of interpreting APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 variants with caution according to ACMG-AMP guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuewen Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xixi Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Weiwei Zhang
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sizhe Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bin Jiao
- Department of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Engineering Research Center of Hunan Province in Cognitive Impairment Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Neurodegenerative and Neurogenetic Diseases, Changsha, China.,Key Laboratory of Hunan Province in Neurodegenerative Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, China
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17
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Kim J, Woo SY, Kim S, Jang H, Kim J, Kim J, Kang SH, Na DL, Chin J, Apostolova LG, Seo SW, Kim HJ. Differential effects of risk factors on the cognitive trajectory of early- and late-onset Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Res Ther 2021; 13:113. [PMID: 34127075 PMCID: PMC8204422 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-021-00857-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although few studies have shown that risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD) are associated with cognitive decline in AD, not much is known whether the impact of risk factors differs between early-onset AD (EOAD, symptom onset < 65 years of age) versus late-onset AD (LOAD). Therefore, we evaluated whether the impact of Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk factors on cognitive trajectories differ in EOAD and LOAD. METHODS We followed-up 193 EOAD and 476 LOAD patients without known autosomal dominant AD mutation for 32.3 ± 23.2 months. Mixed-effects model analyses were performed to evaluate the effects of APOE ε4, low education, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity on cognitive trajectories. RESULTS APOE ε4 carriers showed slower cognitive decline in general cognitive function, language, and memory domains than APOE ε4 carriers in EOAD but not in LOAD. Although patients with low education showed slower cognitive decline than patients with high education in both EOAD and LOAD, the effect was stronger in EOAD, specifically in frontal-executive function. Patients with hypertension showed faster cognitive decline than did patients without hypertension in frontal-executive and general cognitive function in LOAD but not in EOAD. Patients with obesity showed slower decline in general cognitive function than non-obese patients in EOAD but not in LOAD. CONCLUSIONS Known risk factors for AD were associated with slower cognitive decline in EOAD but rapid cognitive decline in LOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Hwaseong-si, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Sook-Young Woo
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Statistics and Data Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Junpyo Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Hoon Kang
- Department of Neurology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Juhee Chin
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Liana G Apostolova
- Department of Neurology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Alzheimer's Disease Convergence Research Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Digital Health, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Pang Y, Li T, Wang Q, Qin W, Li Y, Wei Y, Jia L. A Rare Variation in the 3' Untranslated Region of the Presenilin 2 Gene Is Linked to Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:4337-4347. [PMID: 34009547 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02429-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rare variations in coding regions may alter the amino acid sequence and function of presenilins (PSENs), which results in the dysfunction of gamma-secretase, in turn contributing to the development of familial Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, whether rare variations in the 3' untranslated region (UTR) may change the expression level of PSEN2 leading to AD remains unclear. In a familial AD pedigree, DNA samples of the patients were screened for APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 gene mutations using Sanger sequencing. Allele A of rs537889666, a rare variation located in the 3' UTR of PSEN2, was found in all AD patients, but not in the healthy control in the family. Cosegregation analysis (n = 5) revealed that allele A of rs537889666 may be a pathogenic rare variation. The dual-luciferase assay revealed that allele A suppressed the combination of miR-183-5p and the 3' UTR of PSEN2, which may block the miR-183-5p-mediated suppression of PSEN2 expression. Further study showed an elevated ratio of Aβ42/40 under overexpressed PSEN2 conditions. Measurements of the cerebrospinal fluid showed that PSEN2 levels were increased in both sporadic and AD in this family, suggesting that elevated PSEN2 was associated with the disease. In addition, the miR-183-5p inhibitor or mimic can increase or decrease Aβ42/40 ratios. In conclusion, the results indicate that allele A of rs537889666 upregulated PSEN2 levels, increasing the Aβ42/40 ratio and contributing to AD development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yana Pang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Wei Qin
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Ying Li
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Yiping Wei
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000, China
| | - Longfei Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, 45 Changchun St, Beijing, 100000, China.
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19
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Zhang X, Zhang CM, Prokopenko D, Liang Y, Zhen SY, Weigle IQ, Han W, Aryal M, Tanzi RE, Sisodia SS. An APP ectodomain mutation outside of the Aβ domain promotes Aβ production in vitro and deposition in vivo. J Exp Med 2021; 218:211936. [PMID: 33822840 PMCID: PMC8034382 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20210313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Familial Alzheimer’s disease (FAD)–linked mutations in the APP gene occur either within the Aβ-coding region or immediately proximal and are located in exons 16 and 17, which encode Aβ peptides. We have identified an extremely rare, partially penetrant, single nucleotide variant (SNV), rs145081708, in APP that corresponds to a Ser198Pro substitution in exon 5. We now report that in stably transfected cells, expression of APP harboring the S198P mutation (APPS198P) leads to elevated production of Aβ peptides by an unconventional mechanism in which the folding and exit of APPS198P from the endoplasmic reticulum is accelerated. More importantly, coexpression of APP S198P and the FAD-linked PS1ΔE9 variant in the brains of male and female transgenic mice leads to elevated steady-state Aβ peptide levels and acceleration of Aβ deposition compared with age- and gender-matched mice expressing APP and PS1ΔE9. This is the first AD-linked mutation in APP present outside of exons 16 and 17 that enhances Aβ production and deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulun Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Can Martin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Dmitry Prokopenko
- Department of Neurology, Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Yingxia Liang
- Department of Neurology, Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Sherri Y Zhen
- Department of Neurology, Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
| | - Ian Q Weigle
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Weinong Han
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Manish Aryal
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Rudolph E Tanzi
- Department of Neurology, Genetics and Aging Research Unit, MassGeneral Institute for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA
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20
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Tajbakhsh A, Read M, Barreto GE, Ávila-Rodriguez M, Gheibi-Hayat SM, Sahebkar A. Apoptotic neurons and amyloid-beta clearance by phagocytosis in Alzheimer's disease: Pathological mechanisms and therapeutic outlooks. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 895:173873. [PMID: 33460611 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.173873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuronal survival and axonal renewal following central nervous system damage and in neurodegenerative illnesses, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), can be enhanced by fast clearance of neuronal apoptotic debris, as well as the removal of amyloid beta (Aβ) by phagocytic cells through the process of efferocytosis. This process quickly inhibits the release of proinflammatory and antigenic autoimmune constituents, enhancing the formation of a microenvironment vital for neuronal survival and axonal regeneration. Therefore, the detrimental features associated with microglial phagocytosis uncoupling, such as the accumulation of apoptotic cells, inflammation and phagoptosis, could exacerbate the pathology in brain disease. Some mechanisms of efferocytosis could be targeted by several promising agents, such as curcumin, URMC-099 and Y-P30, which have emerged as potential treatments for AD. This review aims to investigate and update the current research regarding the signaling molecules and pathways involved in efferocytosis and how these could be targeted as a potential therapy in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Tajbakhsh
- Department of Modern Sciences & Technologies, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Morgayn Read
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi-Hayat
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland.
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21
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Nangare S, Patil P. Nanoarchitectured Bioconjugates and Bioreceptors Mediated Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor for In Vitro Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease: Development and Future Prospects. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2021; 52:1139-1169. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2020.1864716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sopan Nangare
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
| | - Pravin Patil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, H. R. Patel Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Shirpur, India
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22
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Rolf B, Blue EE, Bucks S, Dorschner MO, Jayadev S. Genetic counseling for early onset and familial dementia: Patient perspectives on exome sequencing. J Genet Couns 2021; 30:793-802. [PMID: 33393146 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic testing has become routine for many inherited conditions; however, little is known about the unique issues that arise when offering genetic testing for inherited forms of dementia. To better understand the patient perspective, we surveyed study participants about their experiences as they underwent genetic counseling and genetic testing for dementia. We recruited 50 pairs of subjects. Each pair was comprised of one person with cognitive impairment and a cognitively intact co-participant. Study participants received pre- and post-test genetic counseling and comprehensive genetic testing for dementia. During the study, participant pairs completed four surveys which asked about their experience. Testing began with a 38 gene dementia panel. Participants with negative panel results or variants of uncertain significance (VUS) were reflexed to exome sequencing (ES). Twenty-nine participants (58%) reported that their primary motivation to join the study was for the benefit to their families. Fifty-two percent of participants initially planned to use their test results to make health and wellness changes, but, six months after disclosure, only 31% had done so. Six months after result disclosure, approximately 90% of participant pairs accurately recalled their genetic test results. Overall satisfaction with testing was high, and decision regret was negligible. This observational study describes the experiences of study participants undergoing genetic counseling and genetic testing for dementia and found that most participant pairs accurately recalled their results up to six months following disclosure while also maintaining high levels of satisfaction without decision regret. These findings suggest that, in the context of genetic counseling, genetic testing can be effectively used in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bradley Rolf
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Elizabeth E Blue
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephanie Bucks
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael O Dorschner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Suman Jayadev
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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23
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Leszek J, Mikhaylenko EV, Belousov DM, Koutsouraki E, Szczechowiak K, Kobusiak-Prokopowicz M, Mysiak A, Diniz BS, Somasundaram SG, Kirkland CE, Aliev G. The Links between Cardiovascular Diseases and Alzheimer's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2021; 19:152-169. [PMID: 32727331 PMCID: PMC8033981 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x18666200729093724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The root cause of non-inherited Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains unknown despite hundreds of research studies performed to attempt to solve this problem. Since proper prophylaxis remains the best strategy, many scientists have studied the risk factors that may affect AD development. There is robust evidence supporting the hypothesis that cardiovascular diseases (CVD) may contribute to AD progression, as the diseases often coexist. Therefore, a lack of well-defined diagnostic criteria makes studying the relationship between AD and CVD complicated. Additionally, inflammation accompanies the pathogenesis of AD and CVD, and is not only a consequence but also implicated as a significant contributor to the course of the diseases. Of note, АроЕε4 is found to be one of the major risk factors affecting both the cardiovascular and nervous systems. According to genome wide association and epidemiological studies, numerous common risk factors have been associated with the development of AD-related pathology. Furthermore, the risk of developing AD and CVDs appears to be increased by a wide range of conditions and lifestyle factors: hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, hyperhomocysteinemia, gut/oral microbiota, physical activity, and diet. This review summarizes the literature and provides possible mechanistic links between CVDs and AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerzy Leszek
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Ul. Pasteura 10, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland;, E-mail: and GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Tel: +1-210-442-8625 or +1-440-263-7461; E-mails: ,
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- Address correspondence to these authors at the Department of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, Ul. Pasteura 10, 50-367, Wroclaw, Poland;, E-mail: and GALLY International Research Institute, 7733 Louis Pasteur Drive, #330, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA; Tel: +1-210-442-8625 or +1-440-263-7461; E-mails: ,
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24
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Dautaj A, Mandarà L, Tassi V, Dhuli K, Bertelli M. Genetic analysis of genes associated with Mendelian dementia. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2020; 91:e2020004. [PMID: 33170157 PMCID: PMC8023123 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v91i13-s.10602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and aim: Dementia is a disease associated with cognitive and/or behavioral changes that interfere with the ability to perform daily activities. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of dementia. The aim of this mini-review is to summarize all the syndromes characterized by dementia and for which the associated gene is known. Methods: We searched those syndromes in PubMed and OMIM database. Results: Two forms of dementia exist: the multifactorial dementia results from the interaction of different genetic and environmental factors, the hereditary dementia associated with a single gene. Individuals with a family history of dementia and early onset of the disease are more likely to have a hereditary form of dementia. Dementias are mainly autosomal dominant, but they can also be autosomal recessive or X-linked. Conclusions: Since dementia has high clinical and genetic heterogeneity, the use in diagnostics of a large panel of genes may greatly help to speed up the determination of the molecular diagnosis and/or establish a risk of recurrence in family members for the purpose of planning appropriate preventive and/or therapeutic measures. (www.actabiomedica.it)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luana Mandarà
- Medical Genetics Unit, Maria Paternò Arezzo Hospital, Ragusa, Italy.
| | - Vittorio Tassi
- UOC Medicina Molecolare, Ospedale G. Panico, Tricase (LE), Italy.
| | | | - Matteo Bertelli
- EBTNA-LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI'S LAB, Rovereto (TN), Italy; MAGI EUREGIO, Bolzano, Italy.
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25
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Coppola C, Saracino D, Oliva M, Cipriano L, Puoti G, Pappatà S, Di Fede G, Catania M, Ricci M, Cimini S, Giaccone G, Bonavita S, Rossi G. Singular cases of Alzheimer's disease disclose new and old genetic "acquaintances". Neurol Sci 2020; 42:2021-2029. [PMID: 33006056 PMCID: PMC8043869 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Background Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common age-related dementia. Besides its typical presentation with amnestic syndrome at onset, atypical AD cases are being increasingly recognized, often in presenile age. Objectives To provide an extensive clinical and genetic characterization of six AD patients carrying one or more singular features, including age of onset, atypical phenotype and disease progression rate. By reviewing the pertinent literature and accessing publicly available databases, we aimed to assess the frequency and the significance of the identified genetic variants. Methods Biomarkers of amyloid-β deposition and neurodegeneration were used to establish the in vivo diagnosis of probable AD, in addition to neurological and neuropsychological evaluation, extensive laboratory assays and neuroradiological data. Considering the presenile onset of the majority of the cases, we hypothesized genetically determined AD and performed extensive genetic analyses by both Sanger sequencing and next generation sequencing (NGS). Results We disclosed two known missense variants, one in PSEN1 and the other in PSEN2, and a novel silent variant in PSEN2. Most notably, we identified several additional variants in other dementia-related genes by NGS. Some of them have never been reported in any control or disease databases, representing variants unique to our cases. Conclusions This work underlines the difficulties in reaching a confident in vivo diagnosis in cases of atypical dementia. Moreover, a wider genetic analysis by NGS approach may prove to be useful in specific cases, especially when the study of the so-far known AD causative genes produces negative or conflicting results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Coppola
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy. .,Second Division of Neurology, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Isola 8 - Edificio 10 Policlinico "Federico II" via Pansini 5, 80131, Naples, Italy.
| | - Dario Saracino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Mariano Oliva
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Cipriano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Puoti
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Sabina Pappatà
- Institute of Biostructure and Bioimaging, National Council of Research, Naples, Italy.,Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Di Fede
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcella Catania
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Ricci
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Cimini
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giaccone
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Simona Bonavita
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Giacomina Rossi
- Division of Neurology V - Neuropathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
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26
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Luukkainen L, Helisalmi S, Kytövuori L, Ahmasalo R, Solje E, Haapasalo A, Hiltunen M, Remes AM, Krüger J. Mutation Analysis of the Genes Linked to Early Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 69:775-782. [PMID: 31127772 DOI: 10.3233/jad-181256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A lot of effort has been done to unravel the genetics underlying early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). However, many familial early-onset dementia (EOD) cases still show an unclear genetic background. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of the known causative mutations and possible pathogenic variants associated with AD and FTLD in a Finnish EOD cohort. The cohort consisted of 39 patients (mean age at onset 54.8 years, range 39-65) with a positive family history of dementia or an atypical or rapidly progressive course of the disease. None of the patients carried the C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion. Mutations and variants in APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, MAPT, GRN, VCP, CHMP2B, FUS, TARDBP, TREM2, TMEM106B, UBQLN2, SOD1, PRNP, UBQLN1, and BIN1 were screened by using a targeted next generation sequencing panel. Two previously reported pathogenic mutations (PSEN1 p.His163Arg and MAPT p.Arg406Trp) were identified in the cohort. Both patients had familial dementia with an atypical early onset phenotype. In addition, a heterozygous p.Arg71Trp mutation in PSEN2 with an uncertain pathogenic nature was identified in a patient with neuropathologically confirmed AD. In conclusion, targeted investigation of the known dementia-linked genes is worthwhile in patients with onset age under 55 and a positive family history, as well as in patients with atypical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Luukkainen
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Seppo Helisalmi
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Laura Kytövuori
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riitta Ahmasalo
- Department of Neurology, Lapland Central Hospital, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Eino Solje
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.,Neuro Center, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annakaisa Haapasalo
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikko Hiltunen
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Krüger
- Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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27
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Boscher E, Husson T, Quenez O, Laquerrière A, Marguet F, Cassinari K, Wallon D, Martinaud O, Charbonnier C, Nicolas G, Deleuze JF, Boland A, Lathrop M, Frébourg T, Campion D, Hébert SS, Rovelet-Lecrux A. Copy Number Variants in miR-138 as a Potential Risk Factor for Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 68:1243-1255. [PMID: 30909216 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) accounts for 5-10% of all AD cases, with a heritability ranging between 92% to 100%. With the exception of rare mutations in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 genes causing autosomal dominant EOAD, little is known about the genetic factors underlying most of the EOAD cases. In this study, we hypothesized that copy number variations (CNVs) in microRNA (miR) genes could contribute to risk for EOAD. miRs are short non-coding RNAs previously implicated in the regulation of AD-related genes and phenotypes. Using whole exome sequencing, we screened a series of 546 EOAD patients negative for autosomal dominant EOAD mutations and 597 controls. We identified 86 CNVs in miR genes of which 31 were exclusive to EOAD cases, including a duplication of the MIR138-2 locus. In functional studies in human cultured cells, we could demonstrate that miR-138 overexpression leads to higher Aβ production as well as tau phosphorylation, both implicated in AD pathophysiology. These changes were mediated in part by GSK-3β and FERMT2, a potential risk factor for AD. Additional disease-related genes were also prone to miR-138 regulation including APP and BACE1. This study suggests that increased gene dosage of MIR138-2 could contribute to risk for EOAD by regulating different biological pathways implicated in amyloid and tau metabolism. Additional studies are now required to better understand the role of miR-CNVs in EOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Boscher
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de médecine, Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Thomas Husson
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Annie Laquerrière
- Department of Pathology, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Florent Marguet
- Department of Pathology, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Rouen, France
| | - Kevin Cassinari
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Martinaud
- Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, EPHE, INSERM, U1077, CHU de Caen, Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Caen, France
| | - Camille Charbonnier
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Gaël Nicolas
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Génomique, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Mark Lathrop
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | - Thierry Frébourg
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | - Dominique Campion
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Sébastien S Hébert
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec-Université Laval, CHUL, Axe Neurosciences, Québec, Canada.,Faculté de médecine, Département de psychiatrie et de neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Rouen University Hospital, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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Nygaard HB, Erson-Omay EZ, Wu X, Kent BA, Bernales CQ, Evans DM, Farrer MJ, Vilariño-Güell C, Strittmatter SM. Whole-Exome Sequencing of an Exceptional Longevity Cohort. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2020; 74:1386-1390. [PMID: 29750252 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Centenarians represent a unique cohort to study the genetic basis for longevity and factors determining the risk of neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's disease (AD). The estimated genetic contribution to longevity is highest in centenarians and super-cententenarians, but few genetic variants have been shown to clearly impact this phenotype. While the genetic risk for AD and other dementias is now well understood, the frequency of known dementia risk variants in centenarians is not fully characterized. To address these questions, we performed whole-exome sequencing on 100 individuals of 98-108 years age in search of genes with large effect sizes towards the exceptional aging phenotype. Overall, we were unable to identify a rare protein-altering variant or individual genes with an increased burden of rare variants associated with exceptional longevity. Gene burden analysis revealed three genes of nominal statistical significance associated with extreme aging, including LYST, MDN1, and RBMXL1. Several genes with variants conferring an increased risk for AD and other dementias were identified, including TREM2, EPHA1, ABCA7, PLD3, MAPT, and NOTCH3. Larger centenarian studies will be required to further elucidate the genetic basis for longevity, and factors conferring protection against age-dependent neurodegenerative syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haakon B Nygaard
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - E Zeynep Erson-Omay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Xiujuan Wu
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brianne A Kent
- Division of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cecily Q Bernales
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Daniel M Evans
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Matthew J Farrer
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carles Vilariño-Güell
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Applied Neurogenetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Stephen M Strittmatter
- Program in Cellular Neuroscience, Neurodegeneration and Repair (CNNR), Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
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Uddin MS, Kabir MT, Tewari D, Mamun AA, Mathew B, Aleya L, Barreto GE, Bin-Jumah MN, Abdel-Daim MM, Ashraf GM. Revisiting the role of brain and peripheral Aβ in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Sci 2020; 416:116974. [PMID: 32559516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.116974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid beta (Aβ) is an intricate molecule that interacts with several biomolecules and/or produces insoluble assemblies and eventually the nonphysiological depositions of its alternate with normal neuronal conditions leading to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Aβ is formed through the proteolytic cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein (APP). Significant efforts are being made to explore the exact role of Aβ in AD pathogenesis. It is believed that the deposition of Aβ in the brain takes place from Aβ components which are derived from the brain itself. However, recent evidence suggests that Aβ derived also from the periphery and hence the Aβ circulating in the blood is capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and the role of Aβ derived from the periphery is largely unknown so far. Therefore, Aβ origin determination and the underlying mechanisms of its pathological effects are of considerable interest in exploring effective therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this review is to provide a novel insight into AD pathogenesis based on Aβ in both the brain and periphery and highlight new therapeutic avenues to combat AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Sahab Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | | | - Devesh Tewari
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India
| | - Abdullah Al Mamun
- Department of Pharmacy, Southeast University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmakon Neuroscience Research Network, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Bijo Mathew
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Ahalia School of Pharmacy, Palakkad, India
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono-Environnement Laboratory, CNRS 6249, Bourgogne Franche-Comté University, Besançon, France
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland; Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - May N Bin-Jumah
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11474, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M Abdel-Daim
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Ghulam Md Ashraf
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Peng Y, Gao P, Shi L, Chen L, Liu J, Long J. Central and Peripheral Metabolic Defects Contribute to the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease: Targeting Mitochondria for Diagnosis and Prevention. Antioxid Redox Signal 2020; 32:1188-1236. [PMID: 32050773 PMCID: PMC7196371 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2019.7763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 02/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Epidemiological studies indicate that metabolic disorders are associated with an increased risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Metabolic remodeling occurs in the central nervous system (CNS) and periphery, even in the early stages of AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction has been widely accepted as a molecular mechanism underlying metabolic disorders. Therefore, focusing on early metabolic changes, especially from the perspective of mitochondria, could be of interest for early AD diagnosis and intervention. Recent Advances: We and others have identified that the levels of several metabolites are fluctuated in the periphery before their accumulation in the CNS, which plays an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. Mitochondrial remodeling is likely one of the earliest signs of AD, linking nutritional imbalance to cognitive deficits. Notably, by improving mitochondrial function, mitochondrial nutrients efficiently rescue cellular metabolic dysfunction in the CNS and periphery in individuals with AD. Critical Issues: Peripheral metabolic disorders should be intensively explored and evaluated for the early diagnosis of AD. The circulating metabolites derived from mitochondrial remodeling represent novel potential diagnostic biomarkers for AD that are more readily detected than CNS-oriented biomarkers. Moreover, mitochondrial nutrients provide a promising approach to preventing and delaying AD progression. Future Directions: Abnormal mitochondrial metabolism in the CNS and periphery is involved in AD pathogenesis. More clinical studies provide evidence for the suitability and reliability of circulating metabolites and cytokines for the early diagnosis of AD. Targeting mitochondria to rewire cellular metabolism is a promising approach to preventing AD and ameliorating AD-related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhua Peng
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Peipei Gao
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Le Shi
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiankang Liu
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiangang Long
- Center for Mitochondrial Biology & Medicine, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Science and Technology, Frontier Institute of Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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31
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Wang Y, Zhang X, Song Q, Hou Y, Liu J, Sun Y, Wang P. Characterization of the chromatin accessibility in an Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model. ALZHEIMERS RESEARCH & THERAPY 2020; 12:29. [PMID: 32293531 PMCID: PMC7092509 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-020-00598-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background The pathological hallmarks of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) involve alterations in the expression of numerous genes associated with transcriptional levels, which are determined by chromatin accessibility. Here, the landscape of chromatin accessibility was studied to understand the outline of the transcription and expression of AD-associated metabolism genes in an AD mouse model. Methods The assay for transposase-accessible chromatin by sequencing (ATAC-seq) was used to investigate the AD-associated chromatin reshaping in the APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mouse model. ATAC-seq data in the hippocampus of 8-month-old APP/PS1 mice were generated, and the relationship between chromatin accessibility and gene expression was analyzed in combination with RNA sequencing. Gene ontology (GO) analysis was applied to elucidate biological processes and signaling pathways altered in APP/PS1 mice. Critical transcription factors were identified; alterations in chromatin accessibility were further confirmed using chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. Results We identified 1690 increased AD-associated chromatin-accessible regions in the hippocampal tissues of APP/PS1 mice. These regions were enriched in genes related to diverse signaling pathways, including the PI3K-Akt, Hippo, TGF-β, and Jak-Stat signaling pathways, which play essential roles in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, and inflammatory responses. A total of 1003 decreased chromatin-accessible regions were considered to be related with declined AD-associated biological processes including cellular response to hyperoxia and insulin stimulus, synaptic transmission, and positive regulation of autophagy. In the APP/PS1 hippocampus, 1090 genes were found to be upregulated and 1081 downregulated. Interestingly, enhanced ATAC-seq signal was found in approximately 740 genes, with 43 exhibiting upregulated mRNA levels. Several genes involved in AD development were found to have a significantly increased expression in APP/PS1 mice compared to controls, including Sele, Clec7a, Cst7, and Ccr6. The signatures of numerous transcription factors, including Olig2, NeuroD1, TCF4, and NeuroG2, were found enriched in the AD-associated accessible chromatin regions. The transcription-activating marks of H3K4me3 and H3K27ac were also found increased in the promoters of these genes. These results indicate that the mechanism for the upregulation of genes could be attributed to the enrichment of open chromatin regions with transcription factors motifs and the histone marks H3K4me3 and H3K27ac. Conclusion Our study reveals that alterations in chromatin accessibility may be an initial mechanism in AD pathogenesis. Supplementary information Supplementary information accompanies this paper at 10.1186/s13195-020-00598-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomin Zhang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao Song
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuli Hou
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
| | - Peichang Wang
- Clinical Laboratory of Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, People's Republic of China.
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The R278I Mutation of PSEN1 in the Familial Alzheimer Disease. Dement Neurocogn Disord 2020; 19:33-35. [PMID: 32174048 PMCID: PMC7105715 DOI: 10.12779/dnd.2020.19.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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El Bitar F, Qadi N, Al Rajeh S, Majrashi A, Abdulaziz S, Majrashi N, Al Inizi M, Taher A, Al Tassan N. Genetic Study of Alzheimer's Disease in Saudi Population. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 67:231-242. [PMID: 30636737 DOI: 10.3233/jad-180415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurological disorder associated with mental decline and dementia. Several studies focused on investigating the molecular basis of the disease that led to the identification of several causative genes and risk associated alleles. Replication of these studies and findings from different populations is very important. OBJECTIVE Molecular assessment of a cohort of 117 familial and sporadic AD cases from Saudi Arabia. METHODS Comprehensive screening for point mutations was carried out by direct sequencing of coding regions in the three known AD causative genes: PSEN1, PSEN2, APP, as well as the AD associated gene SORL1. All patients were also genotyped for APOE alleles. In silico 3D protein structure analysis was performed for two novel SORL1 variants. RESULTS We identified a total of eight potential pathogenic missense variants in all studied genes. Five of these variants were not previously reported including four in SORL1 (p.Val297Met, p.Arg1084Cys, p.Asp1100Asn, and p.Pro1213Ser) and one in APP (p.Glu380Lys). The frequency of APOE-ɛ4 allele was 21.37% of total investigated cases. In silico 3D protein structure analysis of two SORL1 novel missense variants (p.Pro1213Ser and p.Arg1084Cys) suggested that these variants may affect the folding of the proteins and disturb their structure. CONCLUSIONS Our comprehensive analysis of the open reading frame of the known genes have identified potential pathogenic rare variants in 18/117 cases. We found that point mutations in AD main genes (PSEN1, PSEN2, and APP) were underrepresented in our cohort of patients. Our results confirm involvement of SORL1 in familial and sporadic AD cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadia El Bitar
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Najeeb Qadi
- Department of Neurosciences, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Al Rajeh
- Al Habib Medical Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Amna Majrashi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Abdulaziz
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Majrashi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maznah Al Inizi
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma Taher
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada Al Tassan
- Department of Genetics, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Hsu S, Pimenova AA, Hayes K, Villa JA, Rosene MJ, Jere M, Goate AM, Karch CM. Systematic validation of variants of unknown significance in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 139:104817. [PMID: 32087291 PMCID: PMC7236786 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.104817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2019] [Revised: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is clinically characterized by progressive cognitive decline. More than 200 pathogenic mutations have been identified in amyloid-β precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and presenilin 2 (PSEN2). Additionally, common and rare variants occur within APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 that may be risk factors, protective factors, or benign, non-pathogenic polymorphisms. Yet, to date, no single study has carefully examined the effect of all of the variants of unknown significance reported in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 on Aβ isoform levels in vitro. In this study, we analyzed Aβ isoform levels by ELISA in a cell-based system in which each reported pathogenic and risk variant in APP, PSEN1, and PSEN2 was expressed individually. In order to classify variants for which limited family history data is available, we have implemented an algorithm for determining pathogenicity using available information from multiple domains, including genetic, bioinformatic, and in vitro analyses. We identified 90 variants of unknown significance and classified 19 as likely pathogenic mutations. We also propose that five variants are possibly protective. In defining a subset of these variants as pathogenic, individuals from these families may eligible to enroll in observational studies and clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Anna A Pimenova
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kimberly Hayes
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Juan A Villa
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Matthew J Rosene
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Madhavi Jere
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Celeste M Karch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 425 S Euclid Avenue, St Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Screening of dementia genes by whole-exome sequencing in Spanish patients with early-onset dementia: likely pathogenic, uncertain significance and risk variants. Neurobiol Aging 2020; 93:e1-e9. [PMID: 32317127 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2020.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (EOAD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) have a high proportion of genetically determined cases. Next-generation sequencing technologies have triggered the discovery of new mutations and genetic variants in dementia-causal genes. We performed whole-exome sequencing and selective analysis of known genes causative of EOAD and FTD in a well-characterized Spanish cohort of 103 patients (60 EOAD, 43 FTD) to find genetic variants associated to patients' phenotype. In EOAD patients, a new likely pathogenic variant in PSEN1 gene (p.G378R) was found. In FTD patients, 2 likely pathogenic variants were found, one in MAPT gene (p.P397S) and one in VCP gene (p.R159H). In our series, 2% of early-onset dementia without criteria for clinical genetic testing according to current guidelines presented a likely pathogenic mutation. We have also detected 13 additional variants of uncertain significance in causal genes, as well as rare variants in risk genes for dementia (ABCA7, SORL1, SQSTM1, and TREM2). Next-generation technologies in neurodegenerative diseases constitute a powerful tool that significantly contributes to patients' diagnosis.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Early-onset Alzheimer disease (AD) is defined as having an age of onset younger than 65 years. While early-onset AD is often overshadowed by the more common late-onset AD, recognition of the differences between early- and late-onset AD is important for clinicians. RECENT FINDINGS Early-onset AD comprises about 5% to 6% of cases of AD and includes a substantial percentage of phenotypic variants that differ from the usual amnestic presentation of typical AD. Characteristics of early-onset AD in comparison to late-onset AD include a larger genetic predisposition (familial mutations and summed polygenic risk), more aggressive course, more frequent delay in diagnosis, higher prevalence of traumatic brain injury, less memory impairment and greater involvement of other cognitive domains on presentation, and greater psychosocial difficulties. Neuroimaging features of early-onset AD in comparison to late-onset AD include greater frequency of hippocampal sparing and posterior neocortical atrophy, increased tau burden, and greater connectomic changes affecting frontoparietal networks rather than the default mode network. SUMMARY Early-onset AD differs substantially from late-onset AD, with different phenotypic presentations, greater genetic predisposition, and differences in neuropathologic burden and topography. Early-onset AD more often presents with nonamnestic phenotypic variants that spare the hippocampi and with greater tau burden in posterior neocortices. The early-onset AD phenotypic variants involve different neural networks than typical AD. The management of early-onset AD is similar to that of late-onset AD but with special emphasis on targeting specific cognitive areas and more age-appropriate psychosocial support and education.
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Lacour M, Quenez O, Rovelet-Lecrux A, Salomon B, Rousseau S, Richard AC, Quillard-Muraine M, Pasquier F, Rollin-Sillaire A, Martinaud O, Zarea A, de la Sayette V, Boutoleau-Bretonniere C, Etcharry-Bouyx F, Chauviré V, Sarazin M, le Ber I, Epelbaum S, Jonveaux T, Rouaud O, Ceccaldi M, Godefroy O, Formaglio M, Croisile B, Auriacombe S, Magnin E, Sauvée M, Marelli C, Gabelle A, Pariente J, Paquet C, Boland A, Deleuze JF, Campion D, Hannequin D, Nicolas G, Wallon D. Causative Mutations and Genetic Risk Factors in Sporadic Early Onset Alzheimer’s Disease Before 51 Years. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 71:227-243. [DOI: 10.3233/jad-190193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Lacour
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Olivier Quenez
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne Rovelet-Lecrux
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Salomon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Stephane Rousseau
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Anne-Claire Richard
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | - Florence Pasquier
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Univ Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1171, Distalz, Lille, France
| | - Adeline Rollin-Sillaire
- Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Lille University Hospital, Lille, France
- Univ Lille, Inserm UMR-S 1171, Distalz, Lille, France
| | | | - Aline Zarea
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | | | | | | | - Valérie Chauviré
- Department of Neurology, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
| | - Marie Sarazin
- Department of Neurology, Saint Anne University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle le Ber
- National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias and Center of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Stéphane Epelbaum
- National Reference Center for Rare or Early Dementias and Center of Excellence of Neurodegenerative Disease (CoEN), Institute of Memory and Alzheimer’s Disease (IM2A), APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, and Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Thérèse Jonveaux
- Department of Geriatrics and CMRR, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Olivier Rouaud
- Department of Neurology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Mathieu Ceccaldi
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INS, Inst Neurosci Syst, Service de Neurologie et de Neuropsychologie, CHU de la Timone, APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Godefroy
- Departments of Neurology, Amiens University Hospital, and Laboratory of Functional Neurosciences1, 6 (EA 4559), Jules Verne University of Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Maite Formaglio
- Service de Neuropsychologie and CMRR, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Bernard Croisile
- Service de Neuropsychologie and CMRR, Lyon University Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Sophie Auriacombe
- Department of Neurology, Bordeaux University Hospital, Bordeaux, France
| | - Eloi Magnin
- Department of Neurology, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Mathilde Sauvée
- Department of Neurology, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Cecilia Marelli
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Audrey Gabelle
- Department of Neurology, Montpellier, University Hospital, Montpellier, France
| | - Jeremie Pariente
- CMRR Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Claire Paquet
- Cognitive Neurology Center/CMRR Paris Nord Ile de France, Lariboisière Fernand-Widal Hospital Université de Paris, INSERMU1144, Paris
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, Evry, France
| | - Dominique Campion
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
- Department of Research, Centre Hospitalier du Rouvray, Sotteville-lès-Rouen, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - Gael Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
| | - David Wallon
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Neurology and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, Rouen, France
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Giau VV, Bagyinszky E, Yang YS, Youn YC, An SSA, Kim SY. Genetic analyses of early-onset Alzheimer's disease using next generation sequencing. Sci Rep 2019; 9:8368. [PMID: 31182772 PMCID: PMC6557896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44848-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common type of neurodegenerative dementia, but the cause of AD remained poorly understood. Many mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin 1 and 2 (PSEN1 and PSEN2) have been reported as the pathogenic causes of early-onset AD (EOAD), which accounts for up to 5% of all AD cases. In this study, we screened familiar/de novo EOAD (n = 67) samples by next-generation sequencing (NGS) of a 50-gene panel, which included causative and possible pathogenic variants linked to neurodegenerative disorders. Remarkably, three missense mutations in PSEN1 (T119I, G209A, and G417A) and one known variant in PSEN2 (H169N) were discovered in 6% of the cases. Additionally, 67 missense mutations in susceptibility genes for late-onset AD were identified, which may be involved in cholesterol transport, inflammatory response, and β-amyloid modulation. We identified 70 additional novel and missense variants in other genes, such as MAPT, GRN, CSF1R, and PRNP, related to neurodegenerative diseases, which may represent overlapping clinical and neuropathological features with AD. Extensive genetic screening of Korean patients with EOAD identified multiple rare variants with potential roles in AD pathogenesis. This study suggests that individuals diagnosed with AD should be screened for other neurodegenerative disease-associated genes. Our findings expand the classic set of genes involved in neurodegenerative pathogenesis, which should be screened for in clinical trials. Main limitation of this study was the absence of functional assessment for possibly and probably pathogenic variants. Additional issues were that we could not perform studies on copy number variants, and we could not verify the segregation of mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea
| | - Young Soon Yang
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, 05368, South Korea
| | - Young Chul Youn
- Department of Neurology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Seoul, 06973, South Korea
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon University, Seongnam, 13120, South Korea.
| | - Sang Yun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, 13620, South Korea.
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Nicolas G, Veltman JA. The role of de novo mutations in adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders. Acta Neuropathol 2019; 137:183-207. [PMID: 30478624 PMCID: PMC6513904 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-018-1939-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genetic underpinnings of the most common adult-onset neurodegenerative disorders (AOND) are complex in majority of the cases. In some families, however, the disease can be inherited in a Mendelian fashion as an autosomal-dominant trait. Next to that, patients carrying mutations in the same disease genes have been reported despite a negative family history. Although challenging to demonstrate due to the late onset of the disease in most cases, the occurrence of de novo mutations can explain this sporadic presentation, as demonstrated for severe neurodevelopmental disorders. Exome or genome sequencing of patient-parent trios allows a hypothesis-free study of the role of de novo mutations in AOND and the discovery of novel disease genes. Another hypothesis that may explain a proportion of sporadic AOND cases is the occurrence of a de novo mutation after the fertilization of the oocyte (post-zygotic mutation) or even as a late-somatic mutation, restricted to the brain. Such somatic mutation hypothesis, that can be tested with the use of novel sequencing technologies, is fully compatible with the seeding and spreading mechanisms of the pathological proteins identified in most of these disorders. We review here the current knowledge and future perspectives on de novo mutations in known and novel candidate genes identified in the most common AONDs such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, the frontotemporal lobar degeneration spectrum and Prion disorders. Also, we review the first lessons learned from recent genomic studies of control and diseased brains and the challenges which remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaël Nicolas
- Normandie Univ, UNIROUEN, Inserm U1245 and Rouen University Hospital, Department of Genetics and CNR-MAJ, Normandy Center for Genomic and Personalized Medicine, 22, Boulevard Gambetta, 76000, 76031, Rouen Cedex, France.
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Joris A Veltman
- Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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40
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Kim J, Park S, Yoo H, Jang H, Kim Y, Kim KW, Jang YK, Lee JS, Kim ST, Kim S, Lee JM, Ki CS, Na DL, Seo SW, Kim HJ. The Impact of APOE ɛ4 in Alzheimer's Disease Differs According to Age. J Alzheimers Dis 2019; 61:1377-1385. [PMID: 29376853 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated how the impact of apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4) differs according to age in Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We recruited 846 AD patients and 815 cognitively normal controls and categorized into three groups with respect to their age (<65, 65-74, and ≥75 years). We evaluated the risk of AD in APOE4 carriers and compared cortical thickness and cognitive function according to APOE4 status in each age group. At the point of this study, in young (<65 years) AD, APOE4 noncarriers had the most severe frontal and perisylvian atrophy, while in old (≥75 years) AD, APOE4 carriers had the most severe medial temporal atrophy. In AD under 75 years, APOE4 noncarriers and heterozygotes showed worse performance in language, visuospatial, and frontal function compared to homozygotes, while, in old (≥75 years) AD, APOE4 homozygotes showed worse performance in memory compared to noncarriers. As the detrimental effects of APOE4 seen in older AD patients were not found in younger AD patients, we suggest that some unrevealed factors are associated with cortical atrophy and non-amnestic cognitive dysfunction in young AD with APOE4 noncarriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeho Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seongbeom Park
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Heejin Yoo
- Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyemin Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeshin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ko Woon Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical school, JeonJu, Korea
| | - Young Kyoung Jang
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin San Lee
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Tae Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seonwoo Kim
- Biostatistics team, Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Min Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Duk L Na
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Won Seo
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design and Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Jin Kim
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Neuroscience Center, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) related genes have been elucidated by advanced genetic techniques. Familial autosomal dominant AD genes founded by linkage analyses are APP, PSEN1, PSEN2, ABCA7, and SORL1. Genome-wide association studies have found risk genes such as ABCA7, BIN1, CASS4, CD33, CD2AP, CELF1, CLU, CR1, DSG2, EPHA1, FERMT2, HLA-DRB5-HLA-DRB1, INPP5D, MEF2C, MS4A6A/MS4A4E, NME8, PICALM, PTK2B, SLC24A4, SORL1, and ZCWPW1. ABCA7, SORL1, TREM2, and APOE are proved to have high odds ratio (>2) in risk of AD using next generation sequencing studies. Thanks to the promising genetic techniques such as CRISPR-CAS9 and single-cell RNA sequencing opened a new era in genetics. CRISPR-CAS9 can directly link genetic knowledge to future treatment. Single-cell RNA sequencing are providing useful information on cell biology and pathogenesis of diverse diseases.
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Van Giau V, Senanarong V, Bagyinszky E, Limwongse C, An SSA, Kim S. Identification of a novel mutation in APP gene in a Thai subject with early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2018; 14:3015-3023. [PMID: 30510423 PMCID: PMC6231518 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s180174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Early-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) accounts for than less 1% of all AD cases, with large variation in the reported genetic contributions of known dementia genes. Mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene were the first to be recognized as the cause of AD. METHODS Here, a male patient with probable early-onset AD at the age of 55 years from Thailand was investigated by next-generation sequencing. RESULTS A novel mutation in exon 14 of APP (c.1810C>T, p.V604M) was found. He initially illustrated the clinical manifestations of progressive nonfluent aphasia in 2011. However, he was finally diagnosed with AD presenting logopenic aphasia in 2013. The follow-up magnetic resonance imaging scan showed progression of hippocampal trophy compared with the initial image. A 3D protein structure model revealed that V604M exchange could result in significant changes in the APP protein due to the increased hydrophobicity of methionine in the helix, which could result in altering of the APP functions. CONCLUSION Additional studies to characterize APP p.V604M are necessary to further understand the effects of this mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vo Van Giau
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea,
| | - Vorapun Senanarong
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Eva Bagyinszky
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea,
| | - Chanin Limwongse
- Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Seong Soo A An
- Department of Bionano Technology, Gachon Bionano Research Institute, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea,
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University College of Medicine & Neurocognitive Behavior Center, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea,
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Liu L, Caselli RJ. Age stratification corrects bias in estimated hazard of APOE genotype for Alzheimer's disease. ALZHEIMERS & DEMENTIA-TRANSLATIONAL RESEARCH & CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS 2018; 4:602-608. [PMID: 30450407 PMCID: PMC6226550 DOI: 10.1016/j.trci.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele is a major genetic risk factor of late-onset Alzheimer's disease. However, its interaction with two other canonical risk factors, age and sex, is not clear. Previous studies have reported conflicting results on its differential effects in men and women, its association with young-onset AD before the age of 65 years, and its significance in genetic admixture populations. In these studies, the hazard of the e4 allele was assumed to be constant during aging. However, this hypothesis has not been tested and its violation may lead to significant biases and contribute to such discrepant findings. Methods In a prospective cohort of 4727 subjects, we performed Cox regression analysis of the association of the e4 allele with AD age of onset. We then performed diagnostics on the resulting model and tested if the hazard of the e4 allele violated the assumption of proportionality during aging. We examined whether incorporating age stratifications and time-dependent coefficients could restore the proportionality. We then validated our findings in four independent cohorts. Results Hazard of the e4 allele for AD was nonproportional. It took a stepwise decline around the age of 80 years for men and around the age of 75 years for women. By stratifying subjects into a younger group and an older group, we detected more consistent effects of the e4 allele across multiple independent cohorts. We also found that the e4 allele was a significant risk factor for young-onset AD with age of onset before 65 years. Discussion Age compositions of study cohorts can significantly bias the estimated effect of the APOE genotype. Studies of AD should consider hidden age structures among subjects and routinely employ appropriate age and sex stratification strategies or nonparametric modeling in experimental designs and data analysis. Finally, we argue that the e4 allele is a risk factor not only for late-onset AD but also for young-onset AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Arizona State University, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Center for Personalized Diagnostics, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.,Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic Arizona, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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Somatic variants in autosomal dominant genes are a rare cause of sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimers Dement 2018; 14:1632-1639. [PMID: 30114415 PMCID: PMC6544509 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2018.06.3056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Introduction A minority of patients with sporadic early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibit de novo germ line mutations in the autosomal dominant genes such as APP, PSEN1, or PSEN2. We hypothesized that negatively screened patients may harbor somatic variants in these genes. Methods We applied an ultrasensitive approach based on single-molecule molecular inversion probes followed by deep next generation sequencing of 11 genes to 100 brain and 355 blood samples from 445 sporadic patients with AD (>80% exhibited an early onset, <66 years). Results We identified and confirmed nine somatic variants (allele fractions: 0.2%–10.8%): two APP, five SORL1, one NCSTN, and one MARK4 variants by independent amplicon-based deep sequencing. Discussion Two of the SORL1 variant might have contributed to the disease, the two APP variants were interpreted as likely benign and the other variants remained of unknown significance. Somatic variants in the autosomal dominant AD genes may not be a common cause of sporadic AD, including early onset cases.
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45
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Kumar S, Yadav N, Pandey S, Thelma BK. Advances in the discovery of genetic risk factors for complex forms of neurodegenerative disorders: contemporary approaches, success, challenges and prospects. J Genet 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-018-0953-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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46
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Kumar S, Yadav N, Pandey S, Thelma BK. Advances in the discovery of genetic risk factors for complex forms of neurodegenerative disorders: contemporary approaches, success, challenges and prospects. J Genet 2018; 97:625-648. [PMID: 30027900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases constitute a large proportion of disorders in elderly, majority being sporadic in occurrence with ∼5-10% familial. A strong genetic component underlies the Mendelian forms but nongenetic factors together with genetic vulnerability contributes to the complex sporadic forms. Several gene discoveries in the familial forms have provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration with implications for treatment. Conversely, findings from genetic dissection of the sporadic forms, despite large genomewide association studies and more recently whole exome and whole genome sequencing, have been limited. This review provides a concise account of the genetics that we know, the pathways that they implicate, the challenges that are faced and the prospects that are envisaged for the sporadic, complex forms of neurodegenerative diseases, taking four most common conditions, namely Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and Huntington disease as examples. Poor replication across studies, inability to establish genotype-phenotype correlations and the overall failure to predict risk and/or prevent disease in this group poses a continuing challenge. Among others, clinical heterogeneity emerges as the most important impediment warranting newer approaches. Advanced computational and system biology tools to analyse the big data are being generated and the alternate strategy such as subgrouping of case-control cohorts based on deep phenotyping using the principles of Ayurveda to overcome current limitation of phenotype heterogeneity seem to hold promise. However, at this point, with advances in discovery genomics and functional analysis of putative determinants with translation potential for the complex forms being minimal, stem cell therapies are being attempted as potential interventions. In this context, the possibility to generate patient derived induced pluripotent stem cells, mutant/gene/genome correction through CRISPR/Cas9 technology and repopulating the specific brain regions with corrected neurons, which may fulfil the dream of personalized medicine have been mentioned briefly. Understanding disease pathways/biology using this technology, with implications for development of novel therapeutics are optimistic expectations in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeet Kumar
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110 021, India.
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47
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Pritchard C, Silk A. Patient’s occupation, electric & head trauma in a cohort of 88 multiple system atrophy patients compared with the general population: a hypothesis stimulating pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.15406/jnsk.2018.08.00305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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48
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Bartoletti-Stella A, Baiardi S, Stanzani-Maserati M, Piras S, Caffarra P, Raggi A, Pantieri R, Baldassari S, Caporali L, Abu-Rumeileh S, Linarello S, Liguori R, Parchi P, Capellari S. Identification of rare genetic variants in Italian patients with dementia by targeted gene sequencing. Neurobiol Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2018.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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49
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Chen Y, Sillaire AR, Dallongeville J, Skrobala E, Wallon D, Dubois B, Hannequin D, Pasquier F. Low Prevalence and Clinical Effect of Vascular Risk Factors in Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 60:1045-1054. [PMID: 28984595 PMCID: PMC5676853 DOI: 10.3233/jad-170367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Determinants of early-onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) are not well known. In late-onset AD, vascular risk factors (VRFs) are associated with earlier clinical manifestation. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the putative association between VRFs and EOAD. Methods: We studied participants with dementia meeting criteria for EOAD (recruited into the French CoMAJ prospective cohort study from 1 June 2009 to 28 February 2014) and age-, gender-matched controls (ratio 1:3, drawn randomly from the French MONA-LISA population-based survey between 2005 and 2007). Demographic data, VRFs, comorbidities, treatments, and APOE genotypes were compared in multivariable logistic regression analyses. Results: We studied 102 participants with dementia (mean±standard deviation age: 59.5±3.8; women: 59.8%) and 306 controls. Compared with controls, EOAD participants had spent less time in formal education (9.9±2.9 versus 11.7±3.8 y; p < 0.0001), were less likely to be regular alcohol consumers (p < 0.0001), had a lower body mass index (–2 kg/m2; p < 0.0004), and a lower mean systolic blood pressure (–6.2 mmHg; p = 0.0036). The prevalence of APOE ɛ4 allele was higher in participants with dementia than in controls (50% versus 29.4%; p = 0.0002), as was the prevalence of depression (48% versus 32%; p < 0.001). Similar results were observed in multivariable analysis. Compared with EOAD participants lacking VRFs, EOAD participants with at least one VRF had a higher prevalence of depression (29.6% versus 53.3%, respectively; p = 0.03). Conclusion: The prevalence of VRFs is not elevated in EOAD patients (in contrast to older AD patients). Extensive genetic testing should be considered more frequently in the context of EOAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaohua Chen
- University Lille, INSERM U1171 (Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders), Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Memory Clinic, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France.,CNR-MAJ (Reference Center for Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders), Lille, France
| | - Adeline Rollin Sillaire
- University Lille, INSERM U1171 (Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders), Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Memory Clinic, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France.,CNR-MAJ (Reference Center for Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders), Lille, France
| | | | - Emilie Skrobala
- University Lille, INSERM U1171 (Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders), Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Memory Clinic, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France
| | - David Wallon
- CNR-MAJ (Reference Center for Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders), Lille, France.,University Rouen, INSERM U1079 (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Bruno Dubois
- CNR-MAJ (Reference Center for Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders), Lille, France.,Institute of Memory and Alzheimer's Disease (IM2A), UMR S1127, AP-HP, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Didier Hannequin
- CNR-MAJ (Reference Center for Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders), Lille, France.,University Rouen, INSERM U1079 (IRIB), Rouen, France
| | - Florence Pasquier
- University Lille, INSERM U1171 (Degenerative and Vascular Cognitive Disorders), Lille, France.,CHU Lille, Memory Clinic, Lille University Medical Center, Lille, France.,CNR-MAJ (Reference Center for Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders), Lille, France
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Bonnet E, Moutet ML, Baulard C, Bacq-Daian D, Sandron F, Mesrob L, Fin B, Delépine M, Palomares MA, Jubin C, Blanché H, Meyer V, Boland A, Olaso R, Deleuze JF. Performance comparison of three DNA extraction kits on human whole-exome data from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded normal and tumor samples. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195471. [PMID: 29621323 PMCID: PMC5886566 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Next-generation sequencing (NGS) studies are becoming routinely used for the detection of novel and clinically actionable DNA variants at a pangenomic scale. Such analyses are now used in the clinical practice to enable precision medicine. Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are still one of the most abundant source of cancer clinical specimen, unfortunately this method of preparation is known to degrade DNA and therefore compromise subsequent analysis. Some studies have reported that variant detection can be performed on FFPE samples sequenced with NGS techniques, but few or none have done an in-depth coverage analysis and compared the influence of different state-of-the-art FFPE DNA extraction kits on the quality of the variant calling. Here, we generated 42 human whole-exome sequencing data sets from fresh-frozen (FF) and FFPE samples. These samples include normal and tumor tissues from two different organs (liver and colon), that we extracted with three different FFPE extraction kits (QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue kit and GeneRead DNA FFPE kit from Qiagen, Maxwell™ RSC DNA FFPE Kit from Promega). We determined the rate of concordance of called variants between matched FF and FFPE samples on all common variants (representing at least 86% of the total number of variants for SNVs). The concordance rate is very high between all matched FF / FFPE pairs, with equivalent values for the three kits we analyzed. On the other hand, when looking at the difference between the total number of variants in FF and FFPE, we find a significant variation for the three different FFPE DNA extraction kits. Coverage analysis shows that FFPE samples have less good indicators than FF samples, yet the coverage quality remains above accepted thresholds. We detect limited but statistically significant variations in coverage indicator values between the three FFPE extraction kits. Globally, the GeneRead and QIAamp kits have better variant calling and coverage indicators than the Maxwell kit on the samples used in this study, although this kit performs better on some indicators and has advantages in terms of practical usage. Taken together, our results confirm the potential of FFPE samples analysis for clinical genomic studies, but also indicate that the choice of a FFPE DNA extraction kit should be done with careful testing and analysis beforehand in order to maximize the accuracy of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Bonnet
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Marie-Laure Moutet
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Céline Baulard
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Delphine Bacq-Daian
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Florian Sandron
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Lilia Mesrob
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Bertrand Fin
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Marc Delépine
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Marie-Ange Palomares
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Claire Jubin
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Hélène Blanché
- Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Meyer
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Anne Boland
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Robert Olaso
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, Direction de la Recherche Fondamentale, CEA, Evry, France
- LabEx GenMed, Evry, France
- Centre d’Etude du Polymorphisme Humain, Fondation Jean Dausset, Paris, France
- Centre de REFérence, d’Innovation, d’eXpertise et de transfert (CREFIX), Evry, France
- * E-mail:
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