1
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Hemmerling F, Meoded RA, Fraley AE, Minas HA, Dieterich CL, Rust M, Ueoka R, Jensen K, Helfrich EJN, Bergande C, Biedermann M, Magnus N, Piechulla B, Piel J. Modular Halogenation, α-Hydroxylation, and Acylation by a Remarkably Versatile Polyketide Synthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116614. [PMID: 35020279 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial multimodular polyketide synthases (PKSs) are large enzymatic assembly lines that synthesize many bioactive natural products of therapeutic relevance. While PKS catalysis is mostly based on fatty acid biosynthetic principles, polyketides can be further diversified by post-PKS enzymes. Here, we characterized a remarkably versatile trans-acyltransferase (trans-AT) PKS from Serratia that builds structurally complex macrolides via more than ten functionally distinct PKS modules. In the oocydin PKS, we identified a new oxygenation module that α-hydroxylates polyketide intermediates, a halogenating module catalyzing backbone γ-chlorination, and modular O-acetylation by a thioesterase-like domain. These results from a single biosynthetic assembly line highlight the expansive biochemical repertoire of trans-AT PKSs and provide diverse modular tools for engineered biosynthesis from a close relative of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hemmerling
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Roy A Meoded
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amy E Fraley
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannah A Minas
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Cora L Dieterich
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Michael Rust
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,School of Marine Bioscience, Kitasato University, 1-15-1, Kitazato, Minami-ku, Sagamirhara-shi Kanagawa, 252-0373, Japan
| | - Katja Jensen
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Eric J N Helfrich
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular Bio Science, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Str. 9, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,LOEWE Center for Translational Biodiversity Genomics (TBG), Senckenberganlage 25, 60325, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Cedric Bergande
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Biedermann
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nancy Magnus
- Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Institute for Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Straße 3, 18059, Rostock, Germany
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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2
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Modular Halogenation, α‐Hydroxylation, and Acylation by a Remarkably Versatile Polyketide Synthase. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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3
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Challa VR, Kwon D, Taron M, Fan H, Kang B, Wilson D, Haeckl FPJ, Keerthisinghe S, Linington RG, Britton R. Total synthesis of biselide A. Chem Sci 2021; 12:5534-5543. [PMID: 34168790 PMCID: PMC8179649 DOI: 10.1039/d0sc06223e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
A total synthesis of the marine macrolide biselide A is described that relies on an enantiomerically enriched α-chloroaldehyde as the sole chiral building block. Several strategies to construct the macrocycle are presented including a macrocyclic Reformatsky reaction that ultimately provides access to the natural product in a longest linear sequence of 18 steps. Biological testing of synthetic biselide A suggests this macrolide disrupts cell division through a mechanism related to the regulation of microtubule cytoskeleton organization. Overall, this concise synthesis and insight gained into the mechanism of action should inspire medicinal chemistry efforts directed at structurally related anticancer marine macrolides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal Rao Challa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Daniel Kwon
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Matthew Taron
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Hope Fan
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Baldip Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Darryl Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - F P Jake Haeckl
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Sandra Keerthisinghe
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Roger G Linington
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
| | - Robert Britton
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University Burnaby British Columbia V5A 1S6 Canada
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4
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Walker PD, Weir ANM, Willis CL, Crump MP. Polyketide β-branching: diversity, mechanism and selectivity. Nat Prod Rep 2021; 38:723-756. [PMID: 33057534 DOI: 10.1039/d0np00045k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Covering: 2008 to August 2020 Polyketides are a family of natural products constructed from simple building blocks to generate a diverse range of often complex chemical structures with biological activities of both pharmaceutical and agrochemical importance. Their biosynthesis is controlled by polyketide synthases (PKSs) which catalyse the condensation of thioesters to assemble a functionalised linear carbon chain. Alkyl-branches may be installed at the nucleophilic α- or electrophilic β-carbon of the growing chain. Polyketide β-branching is a fascinating biosynthetic modification that allows for the conversion of a β-ketone into a β-alkyl group or functionalised side-chain. The overall transformation is catalysed by a multi-protein 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl synthase (HMGS) cassette and is reminiscent of the mevalonate pathway in terpene biosynthesis. The first step most commonly involves the aldol addition of acetate to the electrophilic carbon of the β-ketothioester catalysed by a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl synthase (HMGS). Subsequent dehydration and decarboxylation selectively generates either α,β- or β,γ-unsaturated β-alkyl branches which may be further modified. This review covers 2008 to August 2020 and summarises the diversity of β-branch incorporation and the mechanistic details of each catalytic step. This is extended to discussion of polyketides containing multiple β-branches and the selectivity exerted by the PKS to ensure β-branching fidelity. Finally, the application of HMGS in data mining, additional β-branching mechanisms and current knowledge of the role of β-branches in this important class of biologically active natural products is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Walker
- Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - A N M Weir
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - C L Willis
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
| | - M P Crump
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol, BS8 1TS, UK.
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5
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Wu X, Fan J, Huang X, Ma S. Rh-Catalyzed oxidative homo-coupling cyclization of 2,3-allenols to conjugated furylenones. Org Chem Front 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d1qo00599e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An unexpected rhodium-catalyzed highly regio- and stereo-selective bimolecular nucleophilic oxyrhodation/insertion/1,4-Rh migration/β-H elimination reaction of 2,3-allenols affording (2,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl)but-2(E)-en-1-one derivatives is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Fan
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Huang
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
| | - Shengming Ma
- Laboratory of Molecular Recognition and Synthesis
- Department of Chemistry
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou 310027
- People's Republic of China
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6
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7
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Meoded RA, Ueoka R, Helfrich EJN, Jensen K, Magnus N, Piechulla B, Piel J. A Polyketide Synthase Component for Oxygen Insertion into Polyketide Backbones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11644-11648. [PMID: 29898240 PMCID: PMC6174933 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201805363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic core components from trans-acyltransferase polyketide synthases (trans-AT PKSs) catalyze exceptionally diverse biosynthetic transformations to generate structurally complex bioactive compounds. Here we focus on a group of oxygenases identified in various trans-AT PKS pathways, including those for pederin, oocydins, and toblerols. Using the oocydin pathway homologue (OocK) from Serratia plymuthica 4Rx13 and N-acetylcysteamine (SNAC) thioesters as test surrogates for acyl carrier protein (ACP)-tethered intermediates, we show that the enzyme inserts oxygen into β-ketoacyl moieties to yield malonyl ester SNAC products. Based on these data and the identification of a non-hydrolyzed oocydin congener with retained ester moiety, we propose a unified biosynthetic pathway of oocydins, haterumalides, and biselides. By providing access to internal ester, carboxylate pseudostarter, and terminal hydroxyl functions, oxygen insertion into polyketide backbones greatly expands the biosynthetic scope of PKSs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy A. Meoded
- Institute of MicrobiologyEigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 48093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- Institute of MicrobiologyEigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 48093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Eric J. N. Helfrich
- Institute of MicrobiologyEigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 48093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Katja Jensen
- Institute of MicrobiologyEigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 48093ZurichSwitzerland
| | - Nancy Magnus
- Institute for Biological SciencesUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 318059RostockGermany
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Institute for Biological SciencesUniversity of RostockAlbert-Einstein-Straße 318059RostockGermany
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of MicrobiologyEigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) ZurichVladimir-Prelog-Weg 48093ZurichSwitzerland
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8
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Meoded RA, Ueoka R, Helfrich EJN, Jensen K, Magnus N, Piechulla B, Piel J. A Polyketide Synthase Component for Oxygen Insertion into Polyketide Backbones. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201805363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Roy A. Meoded
- Institute of Microbiology; Eigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Reiko Ueoka
- Institute of Microbiology; Eigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Eric J. N. Helfrich
- Institute of Microbiology; Eigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Katja Jensen
- Institute of Microbiology; Eigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Nancy Magnus
- Institute for Biological Sciences; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 3 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Birgit Piechulla
- Institute for Biological Sciences; University of Rostock; Albert-Einstein-Straße 3 18059 Rostock Germany
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology; Eigenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 4 8093 Zurich Switzerland
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9
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Microbial diversity and composition in different gut locations of hyperlipidemic mice receiving krill oil. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2017; 102:355-366. [PMID: 29098414 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-017-8601-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Low-dose (LD, 100 mg kg-1 day-1), moderate-dose (MD, 200 mg kg-1 day-1), and high-dose (HD, 600 mg kg-1 day-1) krill oil treatments have a stepwise, enhanced effect on alleviating hyperlipidemia, and 16S rRNA sequencing of the fecal samples demonstrates that krill oil treatment alters microbial communities. Feces may not represent all microbial communities in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Therefore, in this study, the stored ileal and colon samples collected from LD and HD groups were sequenced, and the location-specific modulations of microbial communities were observed after krill oil treatments. The 16S rRNA sequencing of the ileal samples showed that the LD and HD groups have similar patterns between control and high-fat diet (HFD) treatments, and six most abundant genera and 40 operational taxonomic units that respond to krill oil treatment were identified. However, the 16S rRNA sequencing of the colon samples showed that LD krill oil shifts the structure from the HFD to that of the control, whereas the HD group was distributed between the control and HFD groups. The corresponding most abundant genera and responsive OTUs totaled 4 and 45, respectively. In conclusion, different gastrointestinal tract locations contain different microbial communities. These results will help to provide a comprehensive understanding of the role of dietary krill oil in modulating the gut microbiota and alleviating hyperlipidemia.
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10
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Lu C, Sun T, Li Y, Zhang D, Zhou J, Su X. Modulation of the Gut Microbiota by Krill Oil in Mice Fed a High-Sugar High-Fat Diet. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:905. [PMID: 28567037 PMCID: PMC5434167 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple lines of evidence suggest that the gut microbiota plays vital roles in metabolic diseases such as hyperlipidemia. Previous studies have confirmed that krill oil can alleviate hyperlipidemia, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. To discern whether krill oil changes the structure of the gut microbiota during the hyperlipidemia treatment, 72 mice were acclimatized with a standard chow diet for 2 weeks and then randomly allocated to receive a standard chow diet (control group, n = 12) or a high-sugar-high-fat (HSHF) diet supplemented with a low (100 μg/g·d, HSHF+LD group, n = 12), moderate (200 μg/g·d, HSHF+MD group, n = 12) or high dosage of krill oil (600 μg/g·d, HSHF+HD group, n = 12), simvastatin (HSHF+S group, n = 12) or saline (HSHF group, n = 12) continuously for 12 weeks. The resulting weight gains were attenuated, the liver index and the low-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations showed a stepwise reduction in the treated groups compared with those of the control group. A dose-dependent modulation of the gut microbiota was observed after treatment with krill oil. Low- and moderate- doses of krill oil increased the similarity between the composition of the HSHF diet-induced gut microbiota and that of the control, whereas the mice fed the high-dose exhibited a unique gut microbiota structure that was different from that of the control and HSHF groups. Sixty-five key operational taxonomic units (OTUs) that responded to the krill oil treatment were identified using redundancy analysis, of which 26 OTUs were increased and 39 OTUs were decreased compared with those of the HSHF group. In conclusion, the results obtained in this study suggest that the structural alterations in the gut microbiota induced by krill oil treatment were dose-dependent and associated with the alleviation of hyperlipidemia. Additionally, the high-dose krill oil treatment showed combined effects on the alleviation of hyperlipidemia and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Lu
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo UniversityNingbo City, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo UniversityNingbo City, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Department of Food Science, Cornell UniversityNew York, NY, United States
| | - Dijun Zhang
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo UniversityNingbo City, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo UniversityNingbo City, China
| | - Xiurong Su
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo UniversityNingbo City, China
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11
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Helfrich EJN, Piel J. Biosynthesis of polyketides by trans-AT polyketide synthases. Nat Prod Rep 2016; 33:231-316. [DOI: 10.1039/c5np00125k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 230] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This review discusses the biosynthesis of natural products that are generated bytrans-AT polyketide synthases, a family of catalytically versatile enzymes that represents one of the major group of proteins involved in the production of bioactive polyketides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric J. N. Helfrich
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
| | - Jörn Piel
- Institute of Microbiology
- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich
- 8093 Zurich
- Switzerland
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12
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Monson R, Smith DS, Matilla MA, Roberts K, Richardson E, Drew A, Williamson N, Ramsay J, Welch M, Salmond GPC. A Plasmid-Transposon Hybrid Mutagenesis System Effective in a Broad Range of Enterobacteria. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:1442. [PMID: 26733980 PMCID: PMC4686594 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.01442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Random transposon mutagenesis is a powerful technique used to generate libraries of genetic insertions in many different bacterial strains. Here we develop a system facilitating random transposon mutagenesis in a range of different Gram-negative bacterial strains, including Pectobacterium atrosepticum, Citrobacter rodentium, Serratia sp. ATCC39006, Serratia plymuthica, Dickeya dadantii, and many more. Transposon mutagenesis was optimized in each of these strains and three studies are presented to show the efficacy of this system. Firstly, the important agricultural pathogen D. dadantii was mutagenized. Two mutants that showed reduced protease production and one mutant producing the previously cryptic pigment, indigoidine, were identified and characterized. Secondly, the enterobacterium, Serratia sp. ATCC39006 was mutagenized and mutants incapable of producing gas vesicles, proteinaceous intracellular organelles, were identified. One of these contained a β-galactosidase transcriptional fusion within the gene gvpA1, essential for gas vesicle production. Finally, the system was used to mutate the biosynthetic gene clusters of the antifungal, anti-oomycete and anticancer polyketide, oocydin A, in the plant-associated enterobacterium, Dickeya solani MK10. The mutagenesis system was developed to allow easy identification of transposon insertion sites by sequencing, after facile generation of a replicon encompassing the transposon and adjacent DNA, post-excision. Furthermore, the system can also create transcriptional fusions with either β-galactosidase or β-glucuronidase as reporters, and exploits a variety of drug resistance markers so that multiple selectable fusions can be generated in a single strain. This system of various transposons has wide utility and can be combined in many different ways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Monson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Debra S Smith
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Miguel A Matilla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin Roberts
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Alison Drew
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Neil Williamson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Josh Ramsay
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Welch
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge Cambridge, UK
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13
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Matilla MA, Leeper FJ, Salmond GPC. Biosynthesis of the antifungal haterumalide, oocydin A, in Serratia, and its regulation by quorum sensing, RpoS and Hfq. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:2993-3008. [PMID: 25753587 PMCID: PMC4552970 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 02/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Polyketides represent an important class of bioactive natural products with a broad range of biological activities. We identified recently a large trans-acyltransferase (AT) polyketide synthase gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of the antifungal, anti-oomycete and antitumor haterumalide, oocydin A (ooc). Using genome sequencing and comparative genomics, we show that the ooc gene cluster is widespread within biocontrol and phytopathogenic strains of the enterobacteria, Serratia and Dickeya. The analysis of in frame deletion mutants confirmed the role of a hydroxymethylglutaryl-coenzyme A synthase cassette, three flavin-dependent tailoring enzymes, a free-standing acyl carrier protein and two hypothetical proteins in oocydin A biosynthesis. The requirement of the three trans-acting AT domains for the biosynthesis of the macrolide was also demonstrated. Expression of the ooc gene cluster was shown to be positively regulated by an N-acyl-L-homoserine lactone-based quorum sensing system, but operating in a strain-dependent manner. At a post-transcriptional level, the RNA chaperone, Hfq, plays a key role in oocydin A biosynthesis. The Hfq-dependent regulation is partially mediated by the stationary phase sigma factor, RpoS, which was also shown to positively regulate the synthesis of the macrolide. Our results reveal differential regulation of the divergently transcribed ooc transcriptional units, highlighting the complexity of oocydin A production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A Matilla
- Department of Biochemistry, University of CambridgeTennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK
| | - Finian J Leeper
- Department of Chemistry, University of CambridgeLensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - George P C Salmond
- Department of Biochemistry, University of CambridgeTennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW, UK,*For correspondence. E-mail ; Tel. +44 (0)1223 333650; Fax +44 (0)1223 766108
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14
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Bacteriophage ϕMAM1, a viunalikevirus, is a broad-host-range, high-efficiency generalized transducer that infects environmental and clinical isolates of the enterobacterial genera Serratia and Kluyvera. Appl Environ Microbiol 2014; 80:6446-57. [PMID: 25107968 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01546-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the enterobacterial genus Serratia are ecologically widespread, and some strains are opportunistic human pathogens. Bacteriophage ϕMAM1 was isolated on Serratia plymuthica A153, a biocontrol rhizosphere strain that produces the potently bioactive antifungal and anticancer haterumalide oocydin A. The ϕMAM1 phage is a generalized transducing phage that infects multiple environmental and clinical isolates of Serratia spp. and a rhizosphere strain of Kluyvera cryocrescens. Electron microscopy allowed classification of ϕMAM1 in the family Myoviridae. Bacteriophage ϕMAM1 is virulent, uses capsular polysaccharides as a receptor, and can transduce chromosomal markers at frequencies of up to 7 × 10(-6) transductants per PFU. We also demonstrated transduction of the complete 77-kb oocydin A gene cluster and heterogeneric transduction of a plasmid carrying a type III toxin-antitoxin system. These results support the notion of the potential ecological importance of transducing phages in the acquisition of genes by horizontal gene transfer. Phylogenetic analyses grouped ϕMAM1 within the ViI-like bacteriophages, and genomic analyses revealed that the major differences between ϕMAM1 and other ViI-like phages arise in a region encoding the host recognition determinants. Our results predict that the wider genus of ViI-like phages could be efficient transducing phages, and this possibility has obvious implications for the ecology of horizontal gene transfer, bacterial functional genomics, and synthetic biology.
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15
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Lorente A, Lamariano-Merketegi J, Albericio F, Álvarez M. Tetrahydrofuran-containing macrolides: a fascinating gift from the deep sea. Chem Rev 2013; 113:4567-610. [PMID: 23506053 DOI: 10.1021/cr3004778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Lorente
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine, Barcelona Science Park, University of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 10, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Matilla MA, Stöckmann H, Leeper FJ, Salmond GPC. Bacterial biosynthetic gene clusters encoding the anti-cancer haterumalide class of molecules: biogenesis of the broad spectrum antifungal and anti-oomycete compound, oocydin A. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39125-38. [PMID: 23012376 PMCID: PMC3493953 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.401026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Haterumalides are halogenated macrolides with strong antitumor properties, making them attractive targets for chemical synthesis. Unfortunately, current synthetic routes to these molecules are inefficient. The potent haterumalide, oocydin A, was previously identified from two plant-associated bacteria through its high bioactivity against plant pathogenic fungi and oomycetes. In this study, we describe oocydin A (ooc) biosynthetic gene clusters identified by genome sequencing, comparative genomics, and chemical analysis in four plant-associated enterobacteria of the Serratia and Dickeya genera. Disruption of the ooc gene cluster abolished oocydin A production and bioactivity against fungi and oomycetes. The ooc gene clusters span between 77 and 80 kb and encode five multimodular polyketide synthase (PKS) proteins, a hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase cassette and three flavin-dependent tailoring enzymes. The presence of two free-standing acyltransferase proteins classifies the oocydin A gene cluster within the growing family of trans-AT PKSs. The amino acid sequences and organization of the PKS domains are consistent with the chemical predictions and functional peculiarities associated with trans-acyltransferase PKS. Based on extensive in silico analysis of the gene cluster, we propose a biosynthetic model for the production of oocydin A and, by extension, for other members of the haterumalide family of halogenated macrolides exhibiting anti-cancer, anti-fungal, and other interesting biological properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Matilla
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW and
| | - Henning Stöckmann
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - Finian J. Leeper
- the Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge CB2 1EW, United Kingdom
| | - George P. C. Salmond
- From the Department of Biochemistry, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, CB2 1QW and
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Hayakawa I, Kigoshi H. Total Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Haterumalides NA and B and Their Artificial Analogues. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2010. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.68.814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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18
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Guinchard X, Bugaut X, Cook C, Roulland E. Palladium(0)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Potassium (Z)-2-Chloroalk-1-enyl Trifluoroborates: A Chemo- and Stereoselective Access to (Z)-Chloroolefins and Trisubstituted Alkenes. Chemistry 2009; 15:5793-8. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.200900425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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19
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Ueda M, Yamaura M, Ikeda Y, Suzuki Y, Yoshizato K, Hayakawa I, Kigoshi H. Total Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of Haterumalides NA and B and Their Artificial Analogues. J Org Chem 2009; 74:3370-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jo802806z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru Ueda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Masashi Yamaura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yoichi Ikeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Yuta Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Kensaku Yoshizato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Ichiro Hayakawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
| | - Hideo Kigoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, and Center for Tsukuba Advanced Research Alliance, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan
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20
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Roulland E. Total synthesis of (+)-oocydin A: application of the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of 1,1-dichloro-1-alkenes with 9-alkyl 9-BBN. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008; 47:3762-5. [PMID: 18399555 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200800585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Roulland
- Institut de Chimie des Substances Naturelles, CNRS, Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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21
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Roulland E. Total Synthesis of (+)-Oocydin A: Application of the Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of 1,1-Dichloro-1-alkenes with 9-Alkyl 9-BBN. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200800585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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22
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Kigoshi H, Hayakawa I. Marine cytotoxic macrolides haterumalides and biselides, and related natural products. CHEM REC 2007; 7:254-64. [PMID: 17663448 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.20119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Marine animals and plants are rich sources of bioactive natural products. Haterumalides and biselides, isolated from Okinawan marine animals, are 14-membered macrolides with strong cytotoxicity against human cancer cell lines. This review highlights the isolation, structures, bioactivities, and total synthesis of haterumalides, biselides, and related natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideo Kigoshi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8571, Japan.
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23
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Inami M, Kawamura I, Tsujimoto S, Yasuno T, Lacey E, Hirosumi J, Takakura S, Nishigaki F, Naoe Y, Manda T, Mutoh S. FR177391, A New Anti-hyperlipidemic Agent from Serratia. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2005; 58:640-7. [PMID: 16392680 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2005.88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The pharmacological effect of FR177391, isolated from Serratia liquefaciens No. 1821, was studied in normal animals and various types of animal models of hypertriglyceridemia. Treatment of normal mice with FR177391 resulted in an increase in heparin-releasable lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity in the blood and epididymal fat tissue. FR177391 treatment decreased triglyceride (TG) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in the blood in normal rats following 7 days treatment, suggesting potent LPL activating properties of FR177391. Both Triton WR1339-induced severe and fructose-induced mild hypertriglyceridemia in rats were attenuated by FR177391 treatment. Severely elevated levels of TG in db/db mice, an insulin resistant diabetic animal model, also significantly decreased from 14 days of treatment with FR177391. FR177391 treatment for 9 days caused a decrease in the elevated levels of TG in mice induced by intraperitoneal inoculation of murine lymphoma EL-4. Overall, this study demonstrated that FR177391 can be possibly a LPL activating agent and that FR177391 treatment improved hypertriglyceridemia in various rat and mouse animal models. These results suggest that FR177391 is a promising candidate compound for the management of hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamichi Inami
- Medicinal Biology Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka, Japan.
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Yamaoka M, Sato K, Kobayashi M, Nishio N, Ohkubo M, Fujii T, Nakajima H. FR177391, A New Anti-hyperlipidemic Agent from Serratia. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2005; 58:654-62. [PMID: 16392682 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2005.90] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Natural products with distinct biological activities are very promising molecular probes to dissect the novel pathways of biology. FR177391, a product of bacteria, was obtained as a natural compound possessing anti-hyperlipidemic effects. FR177391 enhances differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes and reduces the circulating levels of triglyceride in C57BL/KsJ-db/db mice, a obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model, although its mechanism of actions remained to be unknown. We report here that the target protein for FR177391 was identified to be protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) by employing the method of affinity chromatography. FR177391 potently inhibited PP2A activity at nano molar concentration, and shared its binding pocket with a phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. In addition to the phenotypic alterations, the enhancement for phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) protein was observed in the FR177391-treated 3T3-L1 cells. These results suggest that prolonged activation of ERK protein due to inhibition of its dephosphorylation by PP2A plays an important role in adipocyte maturation and regulation of the blood revels of lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Yamaoka
- Exploratory Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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25
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Kobayashi M, Sato K, Yoshimura S, Yamaoka M, Takase S, Ohkubo M, Fujii T, Nakajima H. FR177391, A New Anti-hyperlipidemic Agent from Serratia. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 2005; 58:648-53. [PMID: 16392681 DOI: 10.1038/ja.2005.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
FR177391 produced by Serratia liquefaciens No. 1821 enhances differentiation of mouse 3T3-L1 fibroblasts to adipocytes and reduces the circulating levels of triglyceride in C57BL/KsJ-db/bd mice, an obese non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus animal model, although its mechanism of actions remained to be unknown. Its active derivative, 20-hydroxy FR177391, and its inactive derivative, 3-hydroxy FR177391 were produced by microbial conversion of FR177391, and biotin-labeled FR177391 was synthesized from 20-hydroxy FR177391 as an active affinity ligand to identify target molecules of FR177391 by chemical genetic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoo Kobayashi
- Exploratory Research Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co Ltd, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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