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Ni R. PET imaging in animal models of Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2023; 438:114174. [PMID: 36283568 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.114174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson's disease, dementia with Lewy bodies and multiple system atrophy, are characterized by aberrant accumulation of alpha-synuclein and synaptic dysfunction leading to motor and cognitive deficits. Animal models of alpha-synucleinopathy have greatly facilitated the mechanistic understanding of the disease and the development of therapeutics. Various transgenic, alpha-synuclein fibril-injected, and toxin-injected animal models of Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy that recapitulate the disease pathology have been developed and widely used. Recent advances in positron emission tomography have allowed the noninvasive visualization of molecular alterations, underpinning behavioral dysfunctions in the brains of animal models and the longitudinal monitoring of treatment effects. Imaging studies in these disease animal models have employed multi-tracer PET designs to reveal dopaminergic deficits together with other molecular alterations. This review focuses on the development of new positron emission tomography tracers and studies of alpha-synuclein, synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A neurotransmitter receptor deficits such as dopaminergic receptor, dopaminergic transporter, serotonergic receptor, vesicular monoamine transporter 2, hypometabolism, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and leucine rich repeat kinase 2 in animal models of Parkinson's disease. The outstanding challenges and emerging applications are outlined, such as investigating the gut-brain-axis by using positron emission tomography in animal models, and provide a future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Ni
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich & ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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2
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Li XL, Gao RX, Zhang Q, Li A, Cai LN, Zhao WW, Gao SL, Wang Y, Yue J. A bibliometric analysis of neuroimaging biomarkers in Parkinson disease based on Web of Science. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e30079. [PMID: 35984119 PMCID: PMC9388009 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000030079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to analyze and summarize the research hotspots and trends in neuroimaging biomarkers (NMBM) in Parkinson disease (PD) based on the Web of Science core collection database and provide new references for future studies. METHODS Literature regarding NMBM in PD from 1998 to 2022 was analyzed using the Web of Science core collection database. We utilized CiteSpace software (6.1R2) for bibliometric analyses of countries/institutions/authors, keywords, keyword bursts, references, and their clusters. RESULTS A total of 339 studies were identified with a continually increasing annual trend. The most productive country and collaboration was the United States. The top research hotspot is PD cognitive disorder. NMBM and artificial intelligence medical imaging have been applied in the clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of PD. The trends in this field include research on T1 weighted structure magnetic resonance imaging in accordance with voxel-based morphometry, PD cognitive disorder, and neuroimaging features of Lewy body dementia and Alzheimer disease. CONCLUSION The development of NMBM in PD will be effectively promoted by drawing on international research hotspots and cutting-edge technologies, emphasizing international collaboration and institutional cooperation at the national level, and strengthening interdisciplinary research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ling Li
- Division of CT and MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Rui-Xue Gao
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Qinhong Zhang
- Department of Tuina, Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Jiuwei Chinese Medicine Clinic, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ang Li
- Sanofi-Aventis China Investment Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Na Cai
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | | | - Sheng-Lan Gao
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Division of CT and MRI, First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin, China
| | - Jinhuan Yue
- Department of Tuina, Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Jiuwei Chinese Medicine Clinic, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Jinhuan Yue, Department of Tuina, Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Jiuwei Chinese Medicine Clinic, Shenzhen 518000, China (e-mail: )
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Peng S, Tang C, Schindlbeck K, Rydzinski Y, Dhawan V, Spetsieris PG, Ma Y, Eidelberg D. Dynamic 18F-FPCIT PET: Quantification of Parkinson's disease metabolic networks and nigrostriatal dopaminergic dysfunction in a single imaging session. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:jnumed.120.257345. [PMID: 33741649 PMCID: PMC8612203 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.257345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous multi-center imaging studies with 18F-FDG PET have established the presence of Parkinson's disease motor- and cognition-related metabolic patterns termed PDRP and PDCP in patients with this disorder. Given that in PD cerebral perfusion and glucose metabolism are typically coupled in the absence of medication, we determined whether subject expression of these disease networks can be quantified in early-phase images from dynamic 18F-FPCIT PET scans acquired to assess striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) binding. Methods: We studied a cohort of early-stage PD patients and age-matched healthy control subjects who underwent 18F-FPCIT at baseline; scans were repeated 4 years later in a smaller subset of patients. The early 18F-FPCIT frames, which reflect cerebral perfusion, were used to compute PDRP and PDCP expression (subject scores) in each subject, and compared to analogous measures computed based on 18F-FDG PET scan when additionally available. The late 18F-FPCIT frames were used to measure caudate and putamen DAT binding in the same individuals. Results: PDRP subject scores from early-phase 18F-FPCIT and 18F-FDG scans were elevated and striatal DAT binding reduced in PD versus healthy subjects. The PDRP scores from 18F-FPCIT correlated with clinical motor ratings, disease duration, and with corresponding measures from 18F-FDG PET. In addition to correlating with disease duration and analogous 18F-FDG PET values, PDCP scores correlated with DAT binding in the caudate/anterior putamen. PDRP and PDCP subject scores using either method rose over 4 years whereas striatal DAT binding declined over the same time period. Conclusion: Early-phase images obtained with 18F-FPCIT PET can provide an alternative to 18F-FDG PET for PD network quantification. This technique therefore allows PDRP/PDCP expression and caudate/putamen DAT binding to be evaluated with a single tracer in one scanning session.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Peng
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Chris Tang
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Katharina Schindlbeck
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Yaacov Rydzinski
- Department of Radiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - Vijay Dhawan
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Phoebe G. Spetsieris
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - Yilong Ma
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Manhasset, New York; and
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Ko JH, Spetsieris PG, Eidelberg D. Network Structure and Function in Parkinson's Disease. Cereb Cortex 2019; 28:4121-4135. [PMID: 29088324 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhx267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Little is known of the structural and functional properties of abnormal brain networks associated with neurological disorders. We used a social network approach to characterize the properties of the Parkinson's disease (PD) metabolic topography in 4 independent patient samples and in an experimental non-human primate model. The PD network exhibited distinct features. Dense, mutually facilitating functional connections linked the putamen, globus pallidus, and thalamus to form a metabolically active core. The periphery was formed by weaker connections linking less active cortical regions. Notably, the network contained a separate module defined by interconnected, metabolically active nodes in the cerebellum, pons, frontal cortex, and limbic regions. Exaggeration of the small-world property was a consistent feature of disease networks in parkinsonian humans and in the non-human primate model; this abnormality was only partly corrected by dopaminergic treatment. The findings point to disease-related alterations in network structure and function as the basis for faulty information processing in this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Ko
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Phoebe G Spetsieris
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA.,Department of Neurology, Northwell Health, Manhasset, NY, USA
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Zeng Q, Guan X, Guo T, Law Yan Lun JCF, Zhou C, Luo X, Shen Z, Huang P, Zhang M, Cheng G. The Ventral Intermediate Nucleus Differently Modulates Subtype-Related Networks in Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:202. [PMID: 30914916 PMCID: PMC6421280 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Posture instability gait difficulty-dominant (PIGD) and tremor-dominant (TD) are two subtypes of Parkinson's disease (PD). The thalamus is involved in the neural circuits of both subtypes. However, which subregion of the thalamus has an influence on the PD subtypes remains unclear. Objective: To explore the core subregion of the thalamus showing a significant influence on the PD subtypes and its directional interaction between the PD subtypes. Methods: A total of 79 PD patients (43 TD and 36 PIGD) and 31 normal controls (NC) were enrolled, and the gray matter volume and perfusion characteristics in the thalamus were compared between the three groups. The subregion of the thalamus with significantly different perfusion and volume among three groups was used as the seed of a Granger causality analysis (GCA) to compare the causal connectivity between different subtypes. Results: Perfusion with an increased gradient among the three groups (TD > PIGD > NC) in the bilateral ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) was observed, which was positively correlated with the clinical tremor scores. The GCA revealed that TD patients had enhanced causal connectivity from the bilateral Vim to the bilateral paracentral gyrus, M1 and the cerebellum compared with the NC group, while the PIGD subtype revealed an increased causal connectivity from the bilateral Vim to the bilateral premotor cortex (preM) and putamen. Additionally, there were positive correlations between the tremor scores and a causal connectivity from the Vim to the cerebellum. The connectivity from the right Vim to the right preM and the right putamen was positively correlated with the PIGD scores. Conclusion: This multilevel analysis showed that the Vim had a significant influence on the PD subtypes and that it differentially mediated the TD and PIGD-related causal connectivity pattern in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoling Zeng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaojun Guan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tao Guo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jason C F Law Yan Lun
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiao Luo
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhujing Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peiyu Huang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minming Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanxun Cheng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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Niethammer M, Eidelberg D. Network Imaging in Parkinsonian and Other Movement Disorders: Network Dysfunction and Clinical Correlates. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 144:143-184. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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7
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Pathophysiology of levodopa-induced dyskinesia: Insights from multimodal imaging and immunohistochemistry in non-human primates. Neuroimage 2018; 183:132-141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 07/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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8
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Tomše P, Peng S, Pirtošek Z, Zaletel K, Dhawan V, Eidelberg D, Ma Y, Trošt M. The effects of image reconstruction algorithms on topographic characteristics, diagnostic performance and clinical correlation of metabolic brain networks in Parkinson's disease. Phys Med 2018; 52:104-112. [PMID: 30139598 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.06.637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of different image reconstruction algorithms on topographic characteristics and diagnostic performance of the Parkinson's disease related pattern (PDRP). METHODS FDG-PET brain scans of 20 Parkinson's disease (PD) patients and 20 normal controls (NC) were reconstructed with six different algorithms in order to derive six versions of PDRP. Additional scans of 20 PD, 25 atypical parkinsonism (AP) patients and 20 NC subjects were used for validation. PDRP versions were compared by assessing differences in topographies, individual subject scores and correlations with patient's clinical ratings. Discrimination of PD from NC and AP subjects was evaluated across cohorts. RESULTS The region weights of the six PDRPs highly correlated (R ≥ 0.991; p < 0.0001). All PDRPs' expressions were significantly elevated in PD relative to NC and AP subjects (p < 0.0001) and correlated with clinical ratings (R ≥ 0.47; p < 0.05). Subject scores of the six PDRPs highly correlated within each of individual healthy and parkinsonian groups (R ≥ 0.972, p < 0.0001) and were consistent across the algorithms when using the same reconstruction methods in PDRP derivation and validation. However, when derivation and validation reconstruction algorithms differed, subject scores were notably lower compared to the reference PDRP, in all subject groups. CONCLUSION PDRP proves to be highly reproducible across FDG-PET image reconstruction algorithms in topography, ability to differentiate PD from NC and AP subjects and clinical correlation. When calculating PDRP scores in scans that have different reconstruction algorithms and imaging systems from those used for PDRP derivation, a calibration with NC subjects is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Tomše
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Shichun Peng
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Zvezdan Pirtošek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1104 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Katja Zaletel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Vijay Dhawan
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Yilong Ma
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, 350 Community Dr, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA.
| | - Maja Trošt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Zaloška cesta 7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1104 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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9
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Liu ZY, Liu FT, Zuo CT, Koprich JB, Wang J. Update on Molecular Imaging in Parkinson's Disease. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:330-340. [PMID: 29282614 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0202-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in radionuclide tracers have allowed for more accurate imaging that reflects the actions of numerous neurotransmitters, energy metabolism utilization, inflammation, and pathological protein accumulation. All of these achievements in molecular brain imaging have broadened our understanding of brain function in Parkinson's disease (PD). The implementation of molecular imaging has supported more accurate PD diagnosis as well as assessment of therapeutic outcome and disease progression. Moreover, molecular imaging is well suited for the detection of preclinical or prodromal PD cases. Despite these advances, future frontiers of research in this area will focus on using multi-modalities combining positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging along with causal modeling with complex algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Yang Liu
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Feng-Tao Liu
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China
| | - Chuan-Tao Zuo
- PET Center, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200235, China
| | - James B Koprich
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.,Krembil Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurology and National Clinical Research Center for Ageing and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China.
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Lerner RP, Francardo V, Fujita K, Bimpisidis Z, Jourdain VA, Tang CC, Dewey SL, Chaly T, Cenci MA, Eidelberg D. Levodopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements correlate with altered permeability of the blood-brain-barrier in the basal ganglia. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16005. [PMID: 29167476 PMCID: PMC5700135 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16228-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic levodopa treatment leads to the appearance of dyskinesia in the majority of Parkinson’s disease patients. Neurovascular dysregulation in putaminal and pallidal regions is thought to be an underlying feature of this complication of treatment. We used microPET to study unilaterally lesioned 6-hydroxydopamine rats that developed levodopa-induced abnormal involuntary movements (AIMs) after three weeks of drug treatment. Animals were scanned with [15O]-labeled water and [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose, to map regional cerebral blood flow and glucose metabolism, and with [11C]-isoaminobutyric acid (AIB), to assess blood-brain-barrier (BBB) permeability, following separate injections of levodopa or saline. Multitracer scan data were acquired in each animal before initiating levodopa treatment, and again following the period of daily drug administration. Significant dissociation of vasomotor and metabolic levodopa responses was seen in the striatum/globus pallidus (GP) of the lesioned hemisphere. These changes were accompanied by nearby increases in [11C]-AIB uptake in the ipsilateral GP, which correlated with AIMs scores. Histopathological analysis revealed high levels of microvascular nestin immunoreactivity in the same region. The findings demonstrate that regional flow-metabolism dissociation and increased BBB permeability are simultaneously induced by levodopa within areas of active microvascular remodeling, and that such changes correlate with the severity of dyskinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata P Lerner
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Veronica Francardo
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Koji Fujita
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Zisis Bimpisidis
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Vincent A Jourdain
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Chris C Tang
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Stephen L Dewey
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - Thomas Chaly
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA
| | - M Angela Cenci
- Basal Ganglia Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, 11030, USA.
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Tomše P, Jensterle L, Grmek M, Zaletel K, Pirtošek Z, Dhawan V, Peng S, Eidelberg D, Ma Y, Trošt M. Abnormal metabolic brain network associated with Parkinson’s disease: replication on a new European sample. Neuroradiology 2017; 59:507-515. [DOI: 10.1007/s00234-017-1821-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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12
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Blesa J, Trigo-Damas I, del Rey NLG, Obeso JA. The use of nonhuman primate models to understand processes in Parkinson’s disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:325-335. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1715-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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13
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Strafella AP, Bohnen NI, Perlmutter JS, Eidelberg D, Pavese N, Van Eimeren T, Piccini P, Politis M, Thobois S, Ceravolo R, Higuchi M, Kaasinen V, Masellis M, Peralta MC, Obeso I, Pineda-Pardo JÁ, Cilia R, Ballanger B, Niethammer M, Stoessl JA. Molecular imaging to track Parkinson's disease and atypical parkinsonisms: New imaging frontiers. Mov Disord 2017; 32:181-192. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 11/21/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio P. Strafella
- Morton and Gloria Shulman Movement Disorder Unit & E.J. Safra Parkinson Disease Program, Neurology Div/Dept. Medicine, Toronto Western Hospital, UHN; Krembil Research Institute, UHN; Research Imaging Centre, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH; University of Toronto; Ontario Canada
| | - Nicolaas I. Bohnen
- University of Michigan & Veterans Administration Medical Center; Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Joel S. Perlmutter
- Neurology, Radiology, Neuroscience, Physical Therapy & Occupational Therapy; Washington University in St. Louis; St. Louis Missouri USA
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; Manhasset New York USA
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Newcastle Magnetic Resonance Centre & Positron Emission Tomography Centre; Newcastle University; Campus for Ageing & Vitality Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Thilo Van Eimeren
- Multimodal Neuroimaging Group-Department of Nuclear Medicine Department of Neurology-University of Cologne; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Jülich Research Center, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE); Germany
| | - Paola Piccini
- Neurology Imaging Unit, Centre of Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration, Division of Brain Sciences, Hammersmith Campus; Imperial College London; United Kingdom
| | - Marios Politis
- Neurodegeneration Imaging Group, Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry; Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London; London United Kingdom
| | - Stephane Thobois
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Hopital Neurologique Pierre Wertheimer; Université Lyon 1; CNRS, Centre de Neurosciences Cognitives; UMR 5229 Lyon France
| | - Roberto Ceravolo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Movement Disorders and Parkinson Center; University of Pisa; Italy
| | - Makoto Higuchi
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences; National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology; Chiba Japan
| | - Valtteri Kaasinen
- Division of Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital; Department of Neurology; University of Turku; Turku PET Centre, University of Turku; Turku Finland
| | - Mario Masellis
- Cognitive & Movement Disorders Clinic, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre; Hurvitz Brain Sciences Research Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute; University of Toronto; Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - M. Cecilia Peralta
- Movement Disorder and Parkinson's Disease Program; CEMIC University Hospital; Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Ignacio Obeso
- Centro Integral de Neurociencias (CINAC), Hospitales Madrid Puerta del Sur & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Jose Ángel Pineda-Pardo
- Centro Integral de Neurociencias (CINAC), Hospitales Madrid Puerta del Sur & Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red; Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED); Madrid Spain
| | - Roberto Cilia
- Parkinson Institute; ASST Gaetano Pini-CTO; Milan Italy
| | - Benedicte Ballanger
- INSERM, U1028; CNRS, UMR5292; Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, Neuroplasticity & Neuropathology of Olfactory Perception Team; University Lyon; France
| | - Martin Niethammer
- Center for Neurosciences; The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research; Manhasset New York USA
| | - Jon A. Stoessl
- Pacific Parkinson's Research Centre & National Parkinson Foundation Centre of Excellence; University of British Columbia & Vancouver Coastal Health; Vancouver British Columbia Canada
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Ma Y, Johnston TH, Peng S, Zuo C, Koprich JB, Fox SH, Guan Y, Eidelberg D, Brotchie JM. Reproducibility of a Parkinsonism-related metabolic brain network in non-human primates: A descriptive pilot study with FDG PET. Mov Disord 2016; 30:1283-8. [PMID: 26377152 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have previously defined a parkinsonism-related metabolic brain network in rhesus macaques using a high-resolution research positron emission tomography camera. This brief article reports a descriptive pilot study to assess the reproducibility of network activity and regional glucose metabolism in independent parkinsonian macaques using a clinical positron emission tomography/CT camera. METHODS [(18)F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET scans were acquired longitudinally over 3 months in three drug-naïve parkinsonian and three healthy control cynomolgus macaques. Group difference and test-retest stability in network activity and regional glucose metabolism were evaluated graphically, using all brain images from these macaques. RESULTS Comparing the parkinsonian macaques with the controls, network activity was elevated and remained stable over 3 months. Normalized glucose metabolism increased in putamen/globus pallidus and sensorimotor regions but decreased in posterior parietal cortices. CONCLUSIONS Parkinsonism-related network activity can be reliably quantified in different macaques with a clinical positron emission tomography/CT scanner and is reproducible over a period typically employed in preclinical intervention studies. This measure can be a useful biomarker of disease process or drug effects in primate models of Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilong Ma
- Center for Neurosciences, the Feinstein Institute fo Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Tom H Johnston
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shichun Peng
- Center for Neurosciences, the Feinstein Institute fo Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Chuantao Zuo
- PET Center of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - James B Koprich
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Susan H Fox
- Movement Disorder Clinic, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center of Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, the Feinstein Institute fo Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan M Brotchie
- Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Albin RL, Frey KA. Reverse Translation in Parkinson Disease. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1497-1498. [PMID: 27151982 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.175257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roger L Albin
- Neurology Service & GRECC, VAAAHS, Ann Arbor, Michigan Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan University of Michigan Morris K. Udall Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan Michigan Alzheimer Disease Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
| | - Kirk A Frey
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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16
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Peng S, Ma Y, Flores J, Cornfeldt M, Mitrovic B, Eidelberg D, Doudet DJ. Modulation of Abnormal Metabolic Brain Networks by Experimental Therapies in a Nonhuman Primate Model of Parkinson Disease: An Application to Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Implantation. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:1591-1598. [PMID: 27056614 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.161513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal covariance pattern of regional metabolism associated with Parkinson disease (PD) is modulated by dopaminergic pharmacotherapy. Using high-resolution 18F-FDG PET and network analysis, we previously derived and validated a parkinsonism-related metabolic pattern (PRP) in nonhuman primate models of PD. It is currently not known whether this network is modulated by experimental therapeutics. In this study, we examined changes in network activity by striatal implantation of human levodopa-producing retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells in parkinsonian macaques and evaluated the reproducibility of network activity in a small test-retest study. METHODS 18F-FDG PET scans were acquired in 8 healthy macaques and 8 macaques with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced bilateral nigrostriatal dopaminergic lesions after unilateral putaminal implantation of hRPE cells or sham surgery. PRP activity was measured prospectively in all animals and in a subset of test-retest animals using a network quantification approach. Network activity and regional metabolic values were compared on a hemispheric basis between animal groups and treatment conditions. RESULTS All individual macaques showed clinical improvement after hRPE cell implantation compared with the sham surgery. PRP activity was elevated in the untreated MPTP hemispheres relative to those of the normal controls (P < 0.00005) but was reduced (P < 0.05) in the hRPE-implanted hemispheres. The modulation observed in network activity was supported by concurrent local and remote changes in regional glucose metabolism. PRP activity remained unchanged in the untreated MPTP hemispheres versus the sham-operated hemispheres. PRP activity was also stable (P ≥ 0.29) and correlated (R2 ≥ 0.926; P < 0.00005) in the test-retest hemispheres. These findings were highly reproducible across several PRP topographies generated in multiple cohorts of parkinsonian and healthy macaques. CONCLUSION We have demonstrated long-term therapeutic effects of hRPE cell implantation in nonhuman primate models of PD. The implantation of such levodopa-producing cells can concurrently decrease the elevated metabolic network activity in parkinsonian brains on an individual basis. These results parallel the analogous findings reported in patients with PD undergoing levodopa therapy and other symptomatic interventions. With further validation in large samples, 18F-FDG PET imaging with network analysis may provide a viable biomarker for assessing treatment response in animal models of PD after experimental therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Peng
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, New York
| | - Yilong Ma
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, New York
| | - Joseph Flores
- Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | | | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, New York
| | - Doris J Doudet
- Department of Neurology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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17
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Weingarten CP, Sundman MH, Hickey P, Chen NK. Neuroimaging of Parkinson's disease: Expanding views. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2015; 59:16-52. [PMID: 26409344 PMCID: PMC4763948 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2015.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular and structural and functional neuroimaging are rapidly expanding the complexity of neurobiological understanding of Parkinson's disease (PD). This review article begins with an introduction to PD neurobiology as a foundation for interpreting neuroimaging findings that may further lead to more integrated and comprehensive understanding of PD. Diverse areas of PD neuroimaging are then reviewed and summarized, including positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, magnetic resonance spectroscopy and imaging, transcranial sonography, magnetoencephalography, and multimodal imaging, with focus on human studies published over the last five years. These included studies on differential diagnosis, co-morbidity, genetic and prodromal PD, and treatments from L-DOPA to brain stimulation approaches, transplantation and gene therapies. Overall, neuroimaging has shown that PD is a neurodegenerative disorder involving many neurotransmitters, brain regions, structural and functional connections, and neurocognitive systems. A broad neurobiological understanding of PD will be essential for translational efforts to develop better treatments and preventive strategies. Many questions remain and we conclude with some suggestions for future directions of neuroimaging of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol P Weingarten
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, United States.
| | - Mark H Sundman
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, United States
| | - Patrick Hickey
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Nan-kuei Chen
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University Medical Center, United States; Department of Radiology, Duke University School of Medicine, United States
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18
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Bannon D, Landau AM, Doudet DJ. How Relevant Are Imaging Findings in Animal Models of Movement Disorders to Human Disease? Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2015; 15:53. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-015-0571-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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19
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Sako W, Uluğ AM, Eidelberg D. Functional Imaging to Study Movement Disorders. Mov Disord 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-405195-9.00012-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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20
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Ko JH, Lerner RP, Eidelberg D. Effects of levodopa on regional cerebral metabolism and blood flow. Mov Disord 2014; 30:54-63. [PMID: 25296957 DOI: 10.1002/mds.26041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Levodopa (L-dopa) has been at the forefront of antiparkinsonian therapy for a half century. Recent advances in functional brain imaging have contributed substantially to the understanding of the effects of L-dopa and other dopaminergic treatment on the activity of abnormal motor and cognitive brain circuits in Parkinson's disease patients. Progress has also been made in understanding the functional pathology of dyskinesias, a common side effect of l-dopa treatment, at both regional and network levels. Here, we review these studies, focusing mainly on the new mechanistic insights provided by metabolic brain imaging and network analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Ko
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, New York, USA
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21
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Peng S, Eidelberg D, Ma Y. Brain network markers of abnormal cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Bull 2014; 30:823-37. [PMID: 25260798 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-014-1472-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 09/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging of cerebral glucose metabolism and blood flow is ideally suited to assay widely-distributed brain circuits as a result of local molecular events and behavioral modulation in the central nervous system. With the progress in novel analytical methodology, this endeavor has succeeded in unraveling the mechanisms underlying a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, statistical brain mapping studies have made significant strides in describing the pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) and related disorders by providing signature biomarkers to determine the systemic abnormalities in brain function and evaluate disease progression, therapeutic responses, and clinical correlates in patients. In this article, we review the relevant clinical applications in patients in relation to healthy volunteers with a focus on the generation of unique spatial covariance patterns associated with the motor and cognitive symptoms underlying PD. These characteristic biomarkers can be potentially used not only to improve patient recruitment but also to predict outcomes in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Peng
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York, USA
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22
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Abstract
This article discusses the current use of PET imaging in the evaluation of dopamine function in Parkinson disease (PD). The article reviews the major radioligands targeting dopaminergic systems in patients with parkinsonian disorders. The primary objective is to show the novel clinical applications of molecular imaging in the diagnosis and assessment of motor and nonmotor symptoms in PD.
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23
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Abstract
The use of functional imaging in neurodegenerative diseases has increased in recent years, with applications in research into the underlying pathophysiology, aiding in diagnosis, or evaluating new treatments. In Parkinson's disease (PD), these imaging methods have expanded our understanding of the disease beyond dopaminergic deficits. Moreover, functional imaging methods have described alterations in functional networks relating not only to the motor symptoms, but also to many nonmotor features of PD, such as cognitive dysfunction. From a clinical viewpoint, functional imaging methods can assist in monitoring disease progression, such as in the context of clinical trials, and holds the potential to aid in early diagnosis of PD and differentiation from other parkinsonian disorders.
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24
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Peng S, Ma Y, Spetsieris PG, Mattis P, Feigin A, Dhawan V, Eidelberg D. Characterization of disease-related covariance topographies with SSMPCA toolbox: effects of spatial normalization and PET scanners. Hum Brain Mapp 2013; 35:1801-14. [PMID: 23671030 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
To generate imaging biomarkers from disease-specific brain networks, we have implemented a general toolbox to rapidly perform scaled subprofile modeling (SSM) based on principal component analysis (PCA) on brain images of patients and normals. This SSMPCA toolbox can define spatial covariance patterns whose expression in individual subjects can discriminate patients from controls or predict behavioral measures. The technique may depend on differences in spatial normalization algorithms and brain imaging systems. We have evaluated the reproducibility of characteristic metabolic patterns generated by SSMPCA in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We used [(18) F]fluorodeoxyglucose PET scans from patients with PD and normal controls. Motor-related (PDRP) and cognition-related (PDCP) metabolic patterns were derived from images spatially normalized using four versions of SPM software (spm99, spm2, spm5, and spm8). Differences between these patterns and subject scores were compared across multiple independent groups of patients and control subjects. These patterns and subject scores were highly reproducible with different normalization programs in terms of disease discrimination and cognitive correlation. Subject scores were also comparable in patients with PD imaged across multiple PET scanners. Our findings confirm a very high degree of consistency among brain networks and their clinical correlates in PD using images normalized in four different SPM platforms. SSMPCA toolbox can be used reliably for generating disease-specific imaging biomarkers despite the continued evolution of image preprocessing software in the neuroimaging community. Network expressions can be quantified in individual patients independent of different physical characteristics of PET cameras.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun Peng
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Health System, Manhasset, New York
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25
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Abstract
We used a network approach to assess systems-level abnormalities in motor activation in humans with Parkinson's disease (PD). This was done by measuring the expression of the normal movement-related activation pattern (NMRP), a previously validated activation network deployed by healthy subjects during motor performance. In this study, NMRP expression was prospectively quantified in (15)O-water PET scans from a PD patient cohort comprised of a longitudinal early-stage group (n = 12) scanned at baseline and at two or three follow-up visits two years apart, and a moderately advanced group scanned on and off treatment with either subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (n = 14) or intravenous levodopa infusion (n = 14). For each subject and condition, we measured NMRP expression during both movement and rest. Resting expression of the abnormal PD-related metabolic covariance pattern was likewise determined in the same subjects. NMRP expression was abnormally elevated (p < 0.001) in PD patients scanned in the nonmovement rest state. By contrast, network activity measured during movement did not differ from normal (p = 0.34). In the longitudinal cohort, abnormal increases in resting NMRP expression were evident at the earliest clinical stages (p < 0.05), which progressed significantly over time (p = 0.003). Analogous network changes were present at baseline in the treatment cohort (p = 0.001). These abnormalities improved with subthalamic nucleus stimulation (p < 0.005) but not levodopa (p = 0.25). In both cohorts, the changes in NMRP expression that were observed did not correlate with concurrent PD-related metabolic covariance pattern measurements (p > 0.22). Thus, the resting state in PD is characterized by changes in the activity of normal as well as pathological brain networks.
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26
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Park SJ, Kim YH, Lee Y, Kim KM, Kim HS, Lee SR, Kim SU, Kim SH, Kim JS, Jeong KJ, Lee KM, Huh JW, Chang KT. Selection of appropriate reference genes for RT-qPCR analysis in a streptozotocin-induced Alzheimer's disease model of cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). PLoS One 2013; 8:e56034. [PMID: 23457495 PMCID: PMC3573079 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reverse transcription quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has been widely used to quantify relative gene expression because of the specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of this technique. In order to obtain reliable gene expression data from RT-qPCR experiments, it is important to utilize optimal reference genes for the normalization of target gene expression under varied experimental conditions. Previously, we developed and validated a novel icv-STZ cynomolgus monkey model for Alzheimer's disease (AD) research. However, in order to enhance the reliability of this disease model, appropriate reference genes must be selected to allow meaningful analysis of the gene expression levels in the icv-STZ cynomolgus monkey brain. In this study, we assessed the expression stability of 9 candidate reference genes in 2 matched-pair brain samples (5 regions) of control cynomolgus monkeys and those who had received intracerebroventricular injection of streptozotocin (icv-STZ). Three well-known analytical programs geNorm, NormFinder, and BestKeeper were used to choose the suitable reference genes from the total sample group, control group, and icv-STZ group. Combination analysis of the 3 different programs clearly indicated that the ideal reference genes are RPS19 and YWHAZ in the total sample group, GAPDH and RPS19 in the control group, and ACTB and GAPDH in the icv-STZ group. Additionally, we validated the normalization accuracy of the most appropriate reference genes (RPS19 and YWHAZ) by comparison with the least stable gene (TBP) using quantification of the APP and MAPT genes in the total sample group. To the best of our knowledge, this research is the first study to identify and validate the appropriate reference genes in cynomolgus monkey brains. These findings provide useful information for future studies involving the expression of target genes in the cynomolgus monkey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Je Park
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjeon Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- Department of Rehabilitation Science in Interdisciplinary PhD Program, Graduate School of Inje University, Gimhae, Gyeongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Heui-Soo Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Rae Lee
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Uk Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Hyun Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Su Kim
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang-Jin Jeong
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Min Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Won Huh
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JWH); (KTC)
| | - Kyu-Tae Chang
- National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Ochang, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- University of Science & Technology, National Primate Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (JWH); (KTC)
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27
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Different neuroimaging techniques have been used to identify disease-specific functional brain networks in Parkinson's disease, atypical parkinsonian syndromes, and other movement disorders. This review highlights recent advances in network imaging and its clinical applications in movement disorders. RECENT FINDINGS Positron emission tomography and functional MRI studies have revealed distinct, abnormal metabolic brain networks and altered interregional connectivity in Parkinson's disease and related movement disorders. Network-level functional changes have been found to correlate with disease severity and progression. Moreover, network-based categorization algorithms are proving useful in enhancing the accuracy of clinical diagnosis in patients with early symptoms and in providing objective evidence of treatment response. SUMMARY Although in most movement disorders the predominant histopathology involves the basal ganglia, including the substantia nigra, functional changes in relevant neural circuits are not limited to these structures. The current advances in functional brain imaging have contributed to a better pathophysiological understanding of movement disorders as complex alterations of widespread functional brain networks. The promising findings from recent studies may help to establish new and reliable biomarkers to monitor disease progression and treatment effects in future clinical trials.
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28
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Niethammer M, Eidelberg D. Metabolic brain networks in translational neurology: concepts and applications. Ann Neurol 2012; 72:635-47. [PMID: 22941893 DOI: 10.1002/ana.23631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 2 decades, functional imaging techniques have become commonplace in the study of brain disease. Nevertheless, very few validated analytical methods have been developed specifically to identify and measure systems-level abnormalities in living patients. Network approaches are particularly relevant for translational research in the neurodegenerative disorders, which often involve stereotyped abnormalities in brain organization. In recent years, spatial covariance mapping, a multivariate analytical tool applied mainly to metabolic images acquired in the resting state, has provided a useful means of objectively assessing brain disorders at the network level. By quantifying network activity in individual subjects on a scan-by-scan basis, this technique makes it possible to objectively assess disease progression and the response to treatment on a system-wide basis. To illustrate the utility of network imaging in neurological research, we review recent applications of this approach in the study of Parkinson disease and related movement disorders. Novel uses of the technique are discussed, including the prediction of cognitive responses to dopaminergic therapy, evaluation of the effects of placebo treatment on network activity, assessment of preclinical disease progression, and the use of automated pattern-based algorithms to enhance diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Niethammer
- Center for Neurosciences, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY 11030, USA
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29
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PEDF and VEGF-A output from human retinal pigment epithelial cells grown on novel microcarriers. J Biomed Biotechnol 2012; 2012:278932. [PMID: 22547925 PMCID: PMC3323925 DOI: 10.1155/2012/278932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human retinal pigment epithelial (hRPE) cells have been tested as a cell-based therapy for Parkinson's disease but will require additional study before further clinical trials can be planned. We now show that the long-term survival and neurotrophic potential of hRPE cells can be enhanced by the use of FDA-approved plastic-based microcarriers compared to a gelatin-based microcarrier as used in failed clinical trials. The hRPE cells grown on these plastic-based microcarriers display several important characteristics of hRPE found in vivo: (1) characteristic morphological features, (2) accumulation of melanin pigment, and (3) high levels of production of the neurotrophic factors pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A). Growth of hRPE cells on plastic-based microcarriers led to sustained levels (>1 ng/ml) of PEDF and VEGF-A in conditioned media for two months. We also show that the expression of VEGF-A and PEDF is reciprocally regulated by activation of the GPR143 pathway. GPR143 is activated by L-DOPA (1 μM) which decreased VEGF-A secretion as opposed to the previously reported increase in PEDF secretion. The hRPE microcarriers are therefore novel candidate delivery systems for achieving long-term delivery of the neuroprotective factors PEDF and VEGF-A, which could have a value in neurodegenerative conditions such as Parkinson's disease.
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30
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Functional brain networks and abnormal connectivity in the movement disorders. Neuroimage 2011; 62:2261-70. [PMID: 22206967 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2011] [Revised: 11/09/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease (PD) and dystonia, arise from neurophysiological changes within the cortico-striato-pallidothalamocortical (CSPTC) and cerebello-thalamo-cortical (CbTC) circuits. Neuroimaging techniques that probe connectivity within these circuits can be used to understand how these disorders develop as well as identify potential targets for medical and surgical therapies. Indeed, network analysis of (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) has identified abnormal metabolic networks associated with the cardinal motor symptoms of PD, such as akinesia and tremor, as well as PD-related cognitive dysfunction. More recent task-based and resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging studies have reproduced several of the altered connectivity patterns identified in these abnormal PD-related networks. A similar network analysis approach in dystonia revealed abnormal disease related metabolic patterns in both manifesting and non-manifesting carriers of dystonia mutations. Other multimodal imaging approaches using magnetic resonance diffusion tensor imaging in patients with primary genetic dystonia suggest abnormal connectivity within the CbTC circuits mediate the clinical manifestations of this inherited neurodevelopmental disorder. Ongoing developments in functional imaging and future studies in early patients are likely to enhance our understanding of these movement disorders and guide novel targets for future therapies.
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