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Morisaki N, Obara T, Piedvache A, Kobayashi S, Miyashita C, Nishimura T, Ishikuro M, Sata F, Horikawa R, Mori C, Metoki H, Tsuchiya KJ, Kuriyama S, Kishi R. Association Between Smoking and Hypertension in Pregnancy Among Japanese Women: A Meta-analysis of Birth Cohort Studies in the Japan Birth Cohort Consortium (JBiCC) and JECS. J Epidemiol 2023; 33:498-507. [PMID: 35934789 PMCID: PMC10483100 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20220076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent literature suggest the effect of maternal smoking on risk of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (HDP) and preeclampsia may differ by ethnicity; however, studies on Asians are limited. METHODS We investigated the association of maternal smoking with HDP and preeclampsia using a common analysis protocol to analyze the association in six birth cohorts participating in a Japanese consortium of birth cohorts (JBiCC). Results were compared with-published results from cohorts not included in this consortium, and, where possible, we produced a meta-analysis including these studies. RESULTS Meta-analysis of four cohort studies including 28,219 participants produced an odds ratio (OR) of 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.88-1.87) for the effect of smoking beyond early pregnancy compared to women who did not smoke during pregnancy. These results combined with those from the Japan Environment and Children's Study (JECS) yielded an OR of 1.19 (95% CI, 1.00-1.43, P = 0.056). Meta-analysis results for categories of smoking volume were insignificant, but when combined with JECS yielded an OR of 0.86 (95% CI, 0.65-1.12) for smoking 1-4 cigarettes, 1.25 (95% CI, 0.98-1.60) for smoking 5-9 cigarettes, and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.04-1.54) for smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day. All effects were insignificant for preeclampsia. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the protective effects of smoking longer and smoking more on HDP and preeclampsia repeatedly observed among Europeans and North Americans likely do not hold for the Japanese.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naho Morisaki
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aurelie Piedvache
- Department of Social Medicine, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sumitaka Kobayashi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chihiro Miyashita
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nishimura
- Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | | | - Reiko Horikawa
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kenji J Tsuchiya
- Center for Child Mental Development, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Reiko Kishi
- Center for Environmental and Health Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Secondhand smoke exposure is associated with the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Hypertens Res 2023; 46:834-844. [PMID: 36732667 PMCID: PMC10073017 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-022-01144-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) are associated with poor maternal and neonatal prognoses. Although several studies have indicated an effect of secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure on HDP, such evidence is lacking in Japan. Therefore, we analyzed data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a large-scale epidemiological investigation, to elucidate a possible link between SHS exposure and HDP risk. Data were obtained from the all-birth fixed datasets and included information on 104,062 fetuses and their parents. SHS exposure was assessed in terms of the frequency (rarely, 1-3, or 4-7 days/week) and the daily duration of exposure (<1, 1-2, or ≥2 h(s)/day). Modified Poisson regression model analyses were performed with adjustment for known risk factors for HDP. Additionally, the population attributable fractions (PAFs) of SHS exposure and maternal smoking to HDP prevalence were estimated. The relative risks of developing HDP among individuals with SHS exposures of 4-7 days/week and ≥2 h/day were 1.18 and 1.27 (95% confidence interval: 1.02-1.36 and 0.96-1.67), respectively, compared to the reference groups (rare exposure and <1 h/day). The PAFs for the risk of HDP due to SHS exposure and perinatal smoking were 3.8% and 1.8%, respectively. Japanese women with greater exposure to SHS have a higher risk of HDP after adjustment for possible confounding factors; thus, relevant measures are required to reduce SHS exposure to alleviate HDP risk. The association between second-hand smoking exposure and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy risk was analyzed using the JECS data. The relative risks in 4-7 days/week and ≥2 h/day of SHS exposures were 1.18 and 1.27, respectively. The PAFs due to SHS exposure and maternal smoking were 3.80% and 1.81%, respectively.
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A Review of Vascular Traits and Assessment Techniques, and Their Heritability. Artery Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s44200-022-00016-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractVarious tools are available to assess atherosclerosis, arterial stiffening, and endothelial function. They offer utility in the assessment of hypertensive phenotypes, in cardiovascular risk prediction, and as surrogate endpoints in clinical trials. We explore the relative influence of participant genetics, with reference to large-scale genomic studies, population-based cohorts, and candidate gene studies. We find heritability estimates highest for carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT 35–65%), followed by pulse wave velocity as a measure of arterial stiffness (26–43%), and flow mediated dilatation as a surrogate for endothelial function (14–39%); data were lacking for peripheral artery tonometry. We furthermore examine genes and polymorphisms relevant to each technique. We conclude that CIMT and pulse wave velocity dominate the existing evidence base, with fewer published genomic linkages for measures of endothelial function. We finally make recommendations regarding planning and reporting of data relating to vascular assessment techniques, particularly when genomic data are also available, to facilitate integration of these tools into cardiovascular disease research.
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Sin S, Choi HM, Lim J, Kim J, Bak SH, Choi SS, Park J, Lee JH, Oh YM, Lee MK, Hobbs BD, Cho MH, Silverman EK, Kim WJ. A genome-wide association study of quantitative computed tomographic emphysema in Korean populations. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16692. [PMID: 34404834 PMCID: PMC8371078 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95887-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Emphysema is an important feature of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Genetic factors likely affect emphysema pathogenesis, but this question has predominantly been studied in those of European ancestry. In this study, we sought to determine genetic components of emphysema severity and characterize the potential function of the associated loci in Korean population. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) on quantitative emphysema in subjects with or without COPD from two Korean COPD cohorts. We investigated the functional consequences of the loci using epigenetic annotation and gene expression data. We also compared our GWAS results with an epigenome-wide association study and previous differential gene expression analysis. In total, 548 subjects (476 [86.9%] male) including 514 COPD patients were evaluated. We identified one genome-wide significant SNP (P < 5.0 × 10-8), rs117084279, near PIBF1. We identified an additional 57 SNPs (P < 5.0 × 10-6) associated with emphysema in all subjects, and 106 SNPs (P < 5.0 × 10-6) in COPD patients. Of these candidate SNPs, 2 (rs12459249, rs11667314) near CYP2A6 were expression quantitative trait loci in lung tissue and a SNP (rs11214944) near NNMT was an expression quantitative trait locus in whole blood. Of note, rs11214944 was in linkage disequilibrium with variants in enhancer histone marks in lung tissue. Several genes near additional SNPs were identified in our previous EWAS study with nominal level of significance. We identified a novel SNP associated with quantitative emphysema on CT. Including the novel SNP, several candidate SNPs in our study may provide clues to the genetic etiology of emphysema in Asian populations. Further research and validation of the loci will help determine the genetic factors for the development of emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sooim Sin
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Mi Choi
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, and Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwon Lim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, and Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeeyoung Kim
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - So Hyeon Bak
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Department of Radiology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Kangwon National University School of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Shim Choi
- grid.412010.60000 0001 0707 9039Division of Biomedical Convergence, College of Biomedical Science, and Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyeong Park
- grid.470090.a0000 0004 1792 3864Department of Internal Medicine, Dongguk University Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Hwa Lee
- grid.255649.90000 0001 2171 7754Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Mok Oh
- grid.267370.70000 0004 0533 4667Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mi Kyeong Lee
- grid.280664.e0000 0001 2110 5790Epidemiology Branch, Division of Intramural Research, Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, NC USA
| | - Brian D. Hobbs
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Michael H. Cho
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- grid.38142.3c000000041936754XChanning Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA ,grid.38142.3c000000041936754XDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA USA
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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Mawaw PM, Yav T, Mukuku O, Lukanka O, Kazadi PM, Tambwe D, Omba J, Kakoma JB, Bangs MJ, Luboya ON. Increased prevalence of obesity, diabetes mellitus and hypertension with associated risk factors in a mine-based workforce, Democratic Republic of Congo. Pan Afr Med J 2019; 34:135. [PMID: 33708304 PMCID: PMC7906562 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2019.34.135.20226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) is increasing rapidly in low- and middle-income countries, with the largest portion occurring in Africa. Results from earlier baseline measures on obesity, diabetes and hypertension (ODH) in the Tenke Fungurume Mining (TFM) workforce in 2010 showed high proportions of overweight, pre-diabetic and pre-hypertensive individuals, predicting an upward trend in the burden of ODH over time. The 2010-2015 longitudinal trends on ODH and related risk factors among the TFM workforce is presented herein, and projects the consequent burden of these diseases on the workforce by 2025 if an effective prevention program is not implemented. METHODS A longitudinal, retrospective cohort study with 3-time intervals was conducted using occupational health records collected on all employees and contractors who had a pre-employment or follow up medical checkups covering the period between January 2010 and December 2015. Repeated paired t tests measured changes in mean values of quantitative risk factors, while a chi-square test assessed changes in prevalence and categorical risk factors over time. A linear projection model was used to predict the consequent morbidity of ODH for the subsequent 10 years up to 2025. RESULTS Between 2010 and 2015, prevalence increased from 4.5% to 11.1% for obesity, 11.9% to 15.6% for diabetes, and 18.2% to 26.5% for hypertension. By 2025, provided no prevention program is implemented, prevalence is predicted to reach 25%, 24% and 42% respectively for obesity, diabetes and hypertension. CONCLUSION Without implementation of a comprehensive NCD prevention plan, the burden of ODH and other NCDs is predicted to increase dramatically in the TFM workforce. Alone or combined, NCDs have the potential to dramatically increase operational costs while decreasing productivity over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Makan Mawaw
- Department of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Thierry Yav
- Department of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Olivier Mukuku
- Department of Research, Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales de Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Olivier Lukanka
- Department of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Patrick Mumba Kazadi
- Occupational Health Clinic, International SOS, Tenke Fungurume Mine, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Daniel Tambwe
- International SOS Clinic, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jules Omba
- Anglo-Gold Ashanti, Mongbwalu Clinic, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Jean-Baptiste Kakoma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Michael John Bangs
- PT Freeport Indonesia/International SOS Public Health and Malaria Control, Kuala Kencana, Papua, Indonesia
| | - Oscar Numbi Luboya
- Department of Public Health, University of Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
- Department of Research, Institut Supérieur des Techniques Médicales de Lubumbashi, Democratic Republic of Congo
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Tanaka K, Nishigori H, Watanabe Z, Iwama N, Satoh M, Murakami T, Hamada H, Hoshiai T, Saito M, Mizuno S, Sakurai K, Ishikuro M, Obara T, Tatsuta N, Fujiwara I, Kuriyama S, Arima T, Nakai K, Yaegashi N, Metoki H. Higher prevalence of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy in women who smoke: the Japan environment and children's study. Hypertens Res 2019; 42:558-566. [PMID: 30662062 DOI: 10.1038/s41440-019-0206-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Smoking during pregnancy is a risk factor for various adverse birth outcomes but lowers the risk of preeclampsia. Cardiovascular adaptations might underlie these associations. We examined the association of maternal smoking with the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) in a low-risk population-based cohort of 76,303 pregnant women. This study was a part of the Japan Environment and Children's Study. Smoking status was assessed using questionnaires completed by participants. Information about HDP was assessed using questionnaires completed by doctors. Compared with that for women who did not smoke, women who continued smoking >10 cigarettes per day during pregnancy had a significantly higher risk of developing HDP (odds ratio: 1.58, 95% confidence interval: 1.11-2.25). In multivariate analyses with adjustment for possible confounding factors, the association still remained (odds ratio: 1.51, 95% confidence interval: 1.04-2.19). When we regarded the number of cigarettes as a continuous variable, there was a linear association between the number of cigarettes and risk of HDP, with an odds ratio of 1.02 per cigarette per day (95% confidence interval: 1.00-1.04). Smoking a greater number of cigarettes was associated with a higher risk of HDP after adjustment for possible confounding factors. Cigarette smoking cessation may avoid the complications of HDP. Our findings suggest that, in addition to the risk of small-for-gestational-age children, an increased risk of HDP should be considered in the management of pregnant women who smoke cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishigori
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Zen Watanabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Iwama
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Michihiro Satoh
- Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takahisa Murakami
- Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Hamada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Hoshiai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Saito
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Mizuno
- Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kasumi Sakurai
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mami Ishikuro
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Taku Obara
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nozomi Tatsuta
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Ikuma Fujiwara
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Shinichi Kuriyama
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Arima
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Kunihiko Nakai
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Nobuo Yaegashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Hirohito Metoki
- Environment and Genome Research Center, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. .,Division of Public Health, Hygiene and Epidemiology, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University Faculty of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan. .,Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan.
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7
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Bierut LJ, Tyndale RF. Preparing the Way: Exploiting Genomic Medicine to Stop Smoking. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:187-196. [PMID: 29307500 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Clinical medicine of the future is poised to use an individual's genomic data to predict disease risk and guide clinical care. The treatment of cigarette smoking and tobacco use disorder represents a prime area for genomics implementation. The genes CHRNA5 and CYP2A6 are strong genomic contributors that alter the risk of heaviness of smoking, tobacco use disorder, and smoking-related diseases in humans. These biomarkers have proven analytical and clinical validity, and evidence for their clinical utility continues to grow. We propose that these biomarkers harbor the potential of enabling the identification of elevated disease risk in smokers, personalizing smoking cessation treatments, and motivating behavioral changes. We must prepare for the integration of genomic applications into clinical care of patients who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Rachel F Tyndale
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH) and Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, M5S 1A8, Ontario, Canada
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Wu XY, Zhou SY, Niu ZZ, Liu T, Xie CB, Chen WQ. CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype as an effect modifier of the association between daily cigarette consumption and hypertension in Chinese male smokers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:4156-69. [PMID: 25874685 PMCID: PMC4410239 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120404156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2015] [Revised: 04/05/2015] [Accepted: 04/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking is an important risk factor for hypertension. However, the effects on hypertension of the interaction between smoking and the genotype of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor gene are unclear. The purpose of this study is to determine whether the CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype affects the association between daily cigarette consumption and hypertension. We recruited 947 male smokers in southern China and used a questionnaire administered in face to face interviews to obtain information on their socio-demographic characteristics and smoking behavior. Blood samples were collected to test for CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype variations. Three blood-pressure measurements were taken for each participant, and the average values recorded. We found that, compared with light smoking (<15 cigarettes per day), heavy smoking (≥15 cigarettes per day) yielded a greater risk of hypertension. We also observed that the interaction between daily cigarette consumption and the CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype may affect hypertension. Heavy smokers with the homozygous mutant CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype exhibited a significantly greater risk of hypertension than light smokers with wild-type CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotypes. The positive interaction between heavy smoking and the homozygous mutant CHRNA3 rs6495308 genotype was found to affect the likelihood of hypertension in Chinese male smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Wu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Shan-Yu Zhou
- Guangdong Prevention and Treatment Center for Occupational Diseases, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Zhong-Zheng Niu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China.
| | - Chuan-Bo Xie
- Division of Behavioral Medicine, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, NY 14228, USA.
| | - Wei-Qing Chen
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China.
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9
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The association between smoking quantity and hypertension mediated by inflammation in Chinese current smokers. J Hypertens 2014; 31:1798-805. [PMID: 24036901 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0b013e328362c21a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Previous studies indicated that cigarette smokers were more likely to develop hypertension, and both smoking and hypertension were associated with inflammation. Whether inflammation mediates the relationship of them is unclear. This study aims to examine whether inflammation mediates the association between smoking and hypertension. METHODS Nine hundred and eighty-four Chinese current smokers from a community-based chronic diseases survey in Guangzhou and Zhuhai were interviewed about sociodemographics, smoking, chronic conditions, and other health-related variables. Hypertension was defined according to 2007 European Society of Hypertension and European Society of Cardiology (ESH-ESC) Practice Guidelines. Inflammatory markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) were measured by flow cytometry. Logistic regressions were performed to assess the mediation of inflammation on the relationship between smoking quantity and hypertension. RESULTS We observed a positive association between smoking quantity and hypertension (P<0.05). After controlling for potential confounders, daily cigarette consumption was significantly associated with higher level of CRP and VCAM-1 and lower level of TNF-α among six measured inflammatory markers, and the current smokers with hypertension had significantly higher level of MCP-1 and CRP than those smokers who were normotensive. Furthermore, the association between smoking quantity and hypertension was mediated by CRP, which accounted for 58.59% of the estimated causal effect of smoking on hypertension. CONCLUSION We have confirmed previous observations that smoking quantity was positively associated with hypertension, and the results of our study suggested that the association between smoking and hypertension was probably mediated by CRP.
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