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Sun F, Zhang JY, Zhao LP, Jin Q, Jin C, Wang QX, Xu JT, Yin MJ. Age differences in the impact of dietary salt on metabolism, blood pressure and cognitive function in male rats. Food Funct 2024; 15:689-703. [PMID: 38108607 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo04211a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The influence of salt consumption on physiological processes, especially blood pressure (BP), metabolism, and cognition, remains a topical concern. While guidelines endorse reduced salt diets, there are gaps in understanding the age-specific implications and challenges in adherence. The present study delved into the differential effects of salt intake on young adult and aged male rats over a 12-week period, using control, low-, and high-salt diets. Key metrics, such as BP, cognition, and general parameters, were monitored. Our findings revealed significant age-dependent effects of salt intake on survival rates, body weight, blood sodium, blood glucose, blood lipids, BP, heart rates, and cognition. Notably, young adult rats did not show significant sodium level changes on a high-salt diet, whereas aged rats experienced increased sodium levels even on a normal salt diet. Blood glucose levels decreased significantly in aged rats on a high-salt diet but remained stable in young adults. Aged rats had the highest survival rates on low-salt diets. Low-salt diets led to reduced BP in both age groups, more significantly in young adults. Young adult rats displayed increased BP variability on both high- and low-salt diets, while a decrease in BP variability was exclusive to aged rats on a low-salt diet. There were significant differences across age groups in short-term memory, but not in long-term memory. The study provides a nuanced understanding of the age-dependent physiological effects of salt intake, suggesting the necessity of age-specific guidelines for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Sun
- College of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jin-Yang Zhang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Lu-Ping Zhao
- College of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qi Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Chao Jin
- College of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiu-Xiang Wang
- College of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jun-Tao Xu
- College of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Meng-Jia Yin
- College of Basic Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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2
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Wecht JM, Weir JP, Peters CG, Weber E, Wylie GR, Chiaravalloti NC. Autonomic Cardiovascular Control, Psychological Well-Being, and Cognitive Performance in People With Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:2610-2620. [PMID: 37212256 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between parameters of psychological well-being, injury characteristics, cardiovascular autonomic nervous system (ANS) control, and cognitive performance in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) compared with age-matched uninjured controls. This is an observational, cross-sectional study including a total of 94 participants (52 with SCI and 42 uninjured controls: UIC). Cardiovascular ANS responses were continuously monitored at rest and during administration of the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). Self-report scores on the SCI-Quality of Life questionnaires are reported for depression, anxiety, fatigue, resilience, and positive affect. Participants with SCI performed significantly more poorly on the PASAT compared with the uninjured controls. Although not statistically significant, participants with SCI tended to report more psychological distress and less well-being than the uninjured controls. In addition, when compared with uninjured controls, the cardiovascular ANS responses to testing were significantly altered in participants with SCI; however, these responses to testing did not predict PASAT performance. Self-reported levels of anxiety were significantly related to PASAT score in the SCI group, but there was no significant relationship between PASAT and the other indices of SCI-Quality of Life. Future investigations should more closely examine the relationship among cardiovascular ANS impairments, psychological disorders, and cognitive dysfunction to better elucidate the underpinnings of these deficits and to guide interventions aimed at improving physiological, psychological, and cognitive health after SCI. Tetraplegia, paraplegia, blood pressure variability, cognitive, mood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jill M Wecht
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Bronx Veterans Medical Research Foundation, Bronx, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, the Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Rehabilitation and Human Performance, the Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joseph P Weir
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Science, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA
| | - Caitlyn G Peters
- James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA
| | - Erica Weber
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Glenn R Wylie
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nancy C Chiaravalloti
- Kessler Foundation, West Orange, New Jersey, USA
- Rutgers-NJ Medical School, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Newark, New Jersey, USA
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3
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Wang R, Muresanu D, Hösl K, Hilz MJ. Cardiovascular autonomic regulation correlates with cognitive performance in patients with a history of traumatic brain injury. Neurol Sci 2023; 44:3535-3544. [PMID: 37227563 PMCID: PMC10495484 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-023-06857-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Traumatic brain injury (TBI) may afflict brain areas contributing to both cardiovascular autonomic regulation and cognitive performance. To evaluate possible associations between both functions in patients with a history of TBI (post-TBI-patients), we determined correlations between cardiovascular autonomic regulation and cognitive function in post-TBI-patients. METHODS In 86 post-TBI-patients (33.1 ± 10.8 years old, 22 women, 36.8 ± 28.9 months after injury), we monitored RR intervals (RRI), systolic and diastolic blood pressures (BPsys, BPdia), and respiration (RESP) at rest. We calculated parameters of total cardiovascular autonomic modulation (RRI-standard-deviation (RRI-SD), RRI-coefficient-of-variation (RRI-CV), RRI-total-powers), sympathetic (RRI-low-frequency-powers (RRI-LF), normalized (nu) RRI-LF-powers, BPsys-LF-powers) and parasympathetic modulation (root-mean-square-of-successive-RRI-differences (RMSSD), RRI-high-frequency-powers (RRI-HF), RRI-HFnu-powers), sympathetic-parasympathetic balance (RRI-LF/HF-ratios), and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). We used the Mini-Mental State Examination and Clock Drawing Test (CDT) to screen the general global and visuospatial cognitive function, and applied the standardized Trail Making Test (TMT)-A assessing visuospatial abilities and TMT-B assessing executive function. We calculated correlations between autonomic and cognitive parameters (Spearman's rank correlation test; significance: P < 0.05). RESULTS CDT values positively correlated with age (P = 0.013). TMT-A values inversely correlated with RRI-HF-powers (P = 0.033) and BRS (P = 0.043), TMT-B values positively correlated with RRI-LFnu-powers (P = 0.015), RRI-LF/HF-ratios (P = 0.036), and BPsys-LF-powers (P = 0.030), but negatively with RRI-HFnu-powers (P = 0.015). CONCLUSIONS In patients with a history of TBI, there is an association between decreased visuospatial and executive cognitive performance and reduced parasympathetic cardiac modulation and baroreflex sensitivity with relatively increased sympathetic activity. Altered autonomic control bears an increased cardiovascular risk; cognitive impairment compromises quality of life and living conditions. Thus, both functions should be monitored in post-TBI-patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihao Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dafin Muresanu
- Department of Neurosciences, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
- RoNeuro Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca-Napoca, Romania
| | - Katharina Hösl
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Max J Hilz
- Department of Neurology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA.
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Asmuje NF, Mat S, Goh CH, Myint PK, Tan MP. Increased Beat-to-Beat Blood Pressure Variability Is Associated With Impaired Cognitive Function. Am J Hypertens 2022; 35:998-1005. [PMID: 36153737 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpac107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence has linked visit-to-visit, day-to-day and 24-h ABPM blood pressure variability (BPV) with cognitive impairment. Few studies have, however, considered beat-to-beat BPV. This study, therefore, evaluated the relationship between beat-to-beat BPV and cognitive function among community-dwellers aged 55 years and over. METHODS Data was obtained from the Malaysian Elders Longitudinal Research (MELoR) study, which employed random stratified sampling from three parliamentary constituencies within the Klang Valley. Beat-to-beat blood pressure (BP) was recorded using non-invasive BP monitoring (TaskforceTM, CNSystems). Low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF) and low-to-high frequency (LF:HF) ratio for BPV were derived using fast Fourier transformation. Cognition was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test, and categorized into normal aging, mild impairment and moderate-to-severe impairment. RESULTS Data from 1,140 individuals, mean age (SD) 68.48 (7.23) years, were included. Individuals with moderate-to-severe impairment had higher HF-BPV for systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) blood pressure compared to individuals within the normal aging group [OR (95% CI) = 2.29 (1.62-3.24)] and [OR (95% CI) = 1.80 (1.32-2.45)], while HF-SBPV [OR (95% CI) = 1.41 (1.03-1.93)] but not HF-DBPV was significantly higher with mild impairment compared to normal aging after adjustments for potential confounders. Moderate-to-severe impairment was associated with significantly lower LF:HF-SBPV [OR (95% CI) = 0.29 (0.18-0.47)] and LF:HF-DBPV [OR (95% CI) = 0.49 (0.34-0.72)], while mild impairment was associated with significantly lower LF:HF-SBPV [OR (95% CI) = 0.52 (0.34-0.80)] but not LF:HF-DBPV [OR (95% CI) = 0.81 (0.57-1.17)], compared to normal aging with similar adjustments. CONCLUSION Higher HF-BPV, which indicates parasympathetic activation, and lower LF:HF-BPV, which addresses sympathovagal balance, were observed among individuals with moderate-to-severe cognitive impairment. Future studies should determine whether BPV could be a physiological marker or modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fazidah Asmuje
- Kolej Genius Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia.,Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sumaiyah Mat
- Physiotherapy Programme and Center of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Choon Hian Goh
- Department of Mechatronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Phyo Kyaw Myint
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research (ACER) Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Department of Medicine for The Elderly, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Centre for Innovations in Medical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia
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5
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Asmuje NF, Mat S, Myint PK, Tan MP. Blood Pressure Variability and Cognitive Function: a Scoping Review. Curr Hypertens Rep 2022; 24:375-383. [PMID: 35731334 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-022-01200-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To conduct a scoping review of articles which have evaluated BPV and cognitive function. Articles with keywords, titles or abstracts containing the terms 'cognitive' OR 'cognition' OR 'dementia' AND 'blood pressure variability' were identified from CINAHL, Medline, PMC and Web of Science. RECENT FINDINGS Methods of acquisition and analysis of BPV and cognitive measurements and their relationship were extracted from selected articles. Of 656 studies identified, 53 articles were selected. Twenty-five evaluated long-term (LTBPV), nine mid-term (MTBPV), 12 short-term (STBPV) and nine very short-term BPV (VSTBPV) with conflicting findings on the relationship between BPV and cognition. Variations existed in devices, period and procedure for acquisition. The studies also utilized a wide range of methods of BPV calculation. Thirteen cognitive assessment tools were used to measure global cognition or domain functions which were influenced by the population of interest. The interpretation of available studies was hence limited by heterogeneity. There is an urgent need for standardization of BPV assessments to streamline research on BPV and cognition. Future studies should also establish whether BPV could be a potential modifiable risk factor for cognitive decline, as well as a marker for treatment response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Fazidah Asmuje
- Kolej Genius Insan, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. .,Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Sumaiyah Mat
- Physiotherapy Programme and Center of Healthy Ageing and Wellness, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Malaysia
| | - Phyo Kyaw Myint
- Ageing Clinical & Experimental Research (ACER) Team, Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,Department of Medicine for the Elderly, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Maw Pin Tan
- Ageing and Age-Associated Disorders Research Group, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Centre for Innovations in Medical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. .,Department of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia.
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Rodrigues GD, Gurgel JL, da Nobrega ACL, Soares PPDS. Orthostatic intolerance: a handicap of aging or physical deconditioning? Eur J Appl Physiol 2022; 122:2005-2018. [PMID: 35716190 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-022-04978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite several studies that have been investigated physical inactivity and age-related effects on orthostatic tolerance, impaired hemodynamics and postural balance responses to orthostatic stress are incorrectly attributed to aging or sedentarism alone. The isolated effects from aging and sedentarism should be investigated through comparative studies between senior athletes and age-matched controls, and physical activity assessments on aging follow-up studies. On the other hand, bed rest and space flight studies mimic accelerated physical inactivity or disuse, which is not the same physiological decline provoked by aging alone. Thus, the elementary question is: could orthostatic intolerance be attributed to aging or physical inactivity? The main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of possible mechanisms underlying orthostatic tolerance contrasting the paradigm of aging and/or physical inactivity. The key points of this review are the following: (1) to counterpoint all relevant literature on physiological aspects of orthostatic tolerance; (2) to explore the mechanistic aspects underneath the cerebrovascular, cardiorespiratory, and postural determinants of orthostatic tolerance; and (3) examine non-pharmacological interventions with the potential to counterbalance the physical inactivity and aging effects. To date, the orthostatic intolerance cannot be attributed exclusively with aging since physical inactivity plays an important role in postural balance, neurovascular and cardiorespiratory responses to orthostatic stress. These physiological determinates should be interpreted within an integrative approach of orthostatic tolerance, that considers the interdependence between physiological systems in a closed-loop model. Based on this multisystem approach, acute and chronic countermeasures may combat aging and sedentarism effects on orthostatic tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Dias Rodrigues
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT, (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jonas Lírio Gurgel
- Department of Physical Education and Sports, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil
| | - Antonio Claudio Lucas da Nobrega
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil.,National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT, (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Paulo da Silva Soares
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Fluminense Federal University, Niterói, Brazil. .,National Institute for Science & Technology - INCT, (In)activity & Exercise, CNPq-Niterói (RJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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de Heus RA, Tzourio C, Lee EJL, Opozda M, Vincent AD, Anstey KJ, Hofman A, Kario K, Lattanzi S, Launer LJ, Ma Y, Mahajan R, Mooijaart SP, Nagai M, Peters R, Turnbull D, Yano Y, Claassen JA, Tully PJ. Association Between Blood Pressure Variability With Dementia and Cognitive Impairment: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Hypertension 2021; 78:1478-1489. [PMID: 34538105 PMCID: PMC8516811 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rianne A.A. de Heus
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (R.A.A.d.H., J.A.H.R.C.)
| | - Christophe Tzourio
- Bordeaux Population Health, Univeristy of Bordeaux, Inserm, Team Healthy, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, France (C.T.)
| | - Emily Jo Lynn Lee
- Adelaide Medical School (E.J.L.L., M.O., A.D.V., P.J.T.), Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Melissa Opozda
- Adelaide Medical School (E.J.L.L., M.O., A.D.V., P.J.T.), Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Research (M.O.), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
| | - Andrew D. Vincent
- Adelaide Medical School (E.J.L.L., M.O., A.D.V., P.J.T.), Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Kaarin J. Anstey
- School of Psychology (K.J.A.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (K.J.A.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Albert Hofman
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.H., Y.M.)
| | - Kazuomi Kario
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan (K.K.)
| | - Simona Lattanzi
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy (S.L.)
| | - Lenore J. Launer
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.J.L.)
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.H., Y.M.)
| | - Rajiv Mahajan
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (R.A.A.d.H., J.A.H.R.C.)
- Bordeaux Population Health, Univeristy of Bordeaux, Inserm, Team Healthy, UMR 1219, CHU Bordeaux, France (C.T.)
- Adelaide Medical School (E.J.L.L., M.O., A.D.V., P.J.T.), Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Australia
- School of Psychology (D.T.), Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Australia
- Centre for Nutrition and Gastrointestinal Research (M.O.), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
- University of Adelaide, Lyell McEwin Hospital (R.M.), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
- School of Psychology (K.J.A.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (K.J.A.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Neuroscience Research Australia (R.P.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T H Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA (A.H., Y.M.)
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Jichi Medical University School of Medicine, Tochigi, Japan (K.K.)
- Neurological Clinic, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy (S.L.)
- Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD (L.J.L.)
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Institute for Evidence-Based Medicine in Old Age, the Netherlands (S.P.M.)
- Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Japan (M.N.)
- Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P.)
- Yokohama City University Center for Novel and Exploratory Clinical Trials, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan (Y.Y.)
- The Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Y.)
| | - Simon P. Mooijaart
- University of Adelaide, Lyell McEwin Hospital (R.M.), South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Australia
- Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Institute for Evidence-Based Medicine in Old Age, the Netherlands (S.P.M.)
| | - Michiaki Nagai
- Department of Cardiology, Hiroshima City Asa Hospital, Japan (M.N.)
| | - Ruth Peters
- Neuroscience Research Australia (R.P.), University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
- Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P.)
| | - Deborah Turnbull
- School of Psychology (D.T.), Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Yuichiro Yano
- Yokohama City University Center for Novel and Exploratory Clinical Trials, Yokohama City University Hospital, Japan (Y.Y.)
- The Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University, Durham, NC (Y.Y.)
| | - Jurgen A.H.R. Claassen
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Geriatric Medicine, Radboudumc Alzheimer Center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Nijmegen, the Netherlands (R.A.A.d.H., J.A.H.R.C.)
| | - Phillip J. Tully
- Adelaide Medical School (E.J.L.L., M.O., A.D.V., P.J.T.), Freemasons Centre for Male Health and Wellbeing, The University of Adelaide, Australia
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Inspiratory muscle training improves breathing pattern and sympatho-vagal balance but not spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity in older women. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2021; 290:103672. [PMID: 33866039 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2021.103672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Even though recent studies reported a positive inspiratory muscle training (IMT) effect on cardiovascular autonomic modulation, its underlying mechanisms as the breathing pattern remain unclear. The study aimed to investigate the IMT effects on resting heart rate variability (HRV), spontaneous baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), and spontaneous breathing pattern in older women. Fourteen healthy older women participated in this study, allocated in IMT (50 % MIP; n = 8) or Sham (5% MIP; n = 6) protocols for four weeks. Blood pressure, heart rate, and ventilatory data were continuously recorded before and after interventions. After four weeks, IMT-group increased maximal inspiratory pressure and vagal-mediated HRV, following by the reduction of sympatho-mediated HRV and the inspiratory time during the spontaneous breathing cycle compared to Sham-group, but did not change BRS. Therefore, the shorter inspiratory time suggests a putative mechanism behind improved vagal-mediated HRV post-IMT in older women.
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Cai P, Peng Y, Li L, Chu W, Wang X. Fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) gene polymorphisms are associated with essential hypertension risk and blood pressure levels in Chinese Han population. Clin Exp Hypertens 2018; 40:680-685. [PMID: 29336609 DOI: 10.1080/10641963.2018.1425417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In this case-control study, 246 EH patients and 157 healthy controls were selected from Chinese Han population to explore the associations between the fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) gene polymorphisms and essential hypertension (EH).The SequenomMassarray system was used for the genotyping of three FGF23 gene Tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms, namely rs7955866, rs13312756, and rs3812822. The primers were designed by Assay Designer 3.1 software, and then the samples were added to a 384-well plate for the polymerase chain reaction amplification, shrimp alkaline phosphatase reaction, and desalting after extension. The distributions of the alleles, genotypes, and haplotypes were compared between the two groups. Confounding factors (sex, age, BMI, smoking, and drinking) were adjusted in the non-logistic regression, and the results showed that rs7955866 and rs3812822 polymorphisms were independently associated with the risk of developing EH (P < 0.05). The statistical analysis of the haplotype of rs7955866-rs13312756-rs3812822 showed that haplotype ACC could increase the risk of developing EH (P = 0.046; OR = 1.513, 95%CI: 1.005-2.278). The analysis of the control group showed that carrying rs7955866 A allele (P = 0.031) and rs3812822 C allele (P = 0.025) was associated with the increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP). The insulin (INS) level in the peripheral blood was significantly different between the case and control groups (P = 0.014). After confounding factors were excluded, the results showed that the serum INS level was also an independent risk factor of developing EH (P = 0.044; OR = 1.604, 95%CI: 1.014-2.539). In summary, our results suggest that FGF23 gene polymorphisms are associated with the risk of developing EH in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Cai
- a Deparment of Cardiology , Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Yan Peng
- a Deparment of Cardiology , Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Li Li
- a Deparment of Cardiology , Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Wei Chu
- a Deparment of Cardiology , Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
| | - Xukai Wang
- a Deparment of Cardiology , Institute of Field Surgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University , Chongqing , China
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Shifts in the light-dark cycle increase unpredictability of the cardiovascular system. Auton Neurosci 2017; 206:51-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kiselev AR, Shvartz VA, Karavaev AS, Mironov SA, Ponomarenko VI, Gridnev VI, Prokhorov MD. Correlations Between Cardiovascular Autonomic Control Indices During the Two-hour Immobilization Test in Healthy Subjects. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2016; 10:35-43. [PMID: 27053965 PMCID: PMC4797682 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401610010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of the present study was to assess the features of dynamics of cardiovascular autonomic indices and correlations between them during the two-hour immobilization test in healthy subjects. Methods: Photoplethysmogram (PPG) and electrocardiogram were recorded simultaneously during the two-hour immobilization test in 14 healthy subjects (5 men and 9 women) aged 29±5 years (mean±SD). Dynamics of heart rate variability (HRV) power spectrum in high-frequency and low-frequency ranges (in ms2 and percents of total spectral power), mean heart rate (HR), and index S of synchronization between 0.1-Hz rhythms in PPG and HR were analyzed.
Results: Individual dynamics of all studied cardiovascular autonomic indices during the two-hour immobilization test was unique in each healthy subject. Two groups of healthy subjects were identified basing on individual features of autonomic control. The group with initial low level of index S maintained the low level of S during the two-hour immobilization test. The group with initial high index S maintained the high level of S only during the first 100 minutes of test. During the last 20 minutes of test, index S was similar in both groups. Many cardiovascular autonomic indices correlate between themselves for an individual subject, but they do not correlate between the subjects. Multiple regression analysis in each subject has shown a high correlation between mean HR and all other studied autonomic parameters in 57% of subjects (multiple R>0.9, P<0.05). For 204 records analyzed without taking into account the individual features of subjects, the above mentioned correlation was smaller (multiple R=0.45, P<0.001). Index S was found out to be the most independent one among the autonomic indices.
Conclusion: Cardiovascular autonomic control is characterized by a pronounced variability among healthy subjects and stability in time in each subject. We have not found any regularity in variation of cardiovascular autonomic indices, which is common for the entire group of healthy subjects during the two-hour immobilization test. Mean HR is a summary index of efficiency of heart autonomic control. Index S is the most independent cardiovascular autonomic parameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Kiselev
- Centre of New Cardiological Informational Technologies, Research Institute of Cardiology, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; Department of Surgical Treatment for Interactive Pathology, Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia; Department of Nano- and Biomedical Technologies, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - V A Shvartz
- Department of Surgical Treatment for Interactive Pathology, Bakulev Scientific Center for Cardiovascular Surgery, Moscow, Russia
| | - A S Karavaev
- Department of Nano- and Biomedical Technologies, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - S A Mironov
- 2 Department of Cardiology, Central Clinical Military Hospital, Moscow, Russia
| | - V I Ponomarenko
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Saratov, Russia
| | - V I Gridnev
- Centre of New Cardiological Informational Technologies, Research Institute of Cardiology, Saratov State Medical University, Saratov, Russia; Department of Nano- and Biomedical Technologies, Saratov State University, Saratov, Russia
| | - M D Prokhorov
- Saratov Branch of the Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Saratov, Russia
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Hughes TM, Sink KM. Hypertension and Its Role in Cognitive Function: Current Evidence and Challenges for the Future. Am J Hypertens 2016; 29:149-57. [PMID: 26563965 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/hpv180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2015] [Accepted: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This review summarizes evidence from studies of blood pressure and dementia-related biomarkers into our understanding of cognitive health and highlights the challenges facing studies, particularly randomized trials, of hypertension and cognition. Several lines of research suggest that elevated blood pressure, especially at midlife, is associated with cognitive decline and dementia and that treatment of hypertension could prevent these conditions. Further, studies of hypertension and brain structure show that blood pressure is associated with several forms of small vessel disease that can result in vascular dementia or interact with Alzheimer's pathology to lower the pathologic threshold at which Alzheimer's signs and symptoms manifest. In addition, recent studies of hypertension and Alzheimer's biomarkers show that elevated blood pressure and pulse pressure are associated with the extent of brain beta amyloid (Aβ) deposition and altered cerebral spinal fluid profiles of Aβ and tau indicative of Alzheimer's pathology. However, in spite of strong evidence of biological mechanisms, results from randomized trials of antihypertensive therapy for the prevention of cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease that include cognitive endpoints do not strongly support the observational evidence that treatment of hypertension should be better for cognition. We propose that future clinical trials should consider including dementia biomarkers and assess genetic and cardiometabolic risk factors that have been associated with progression of the underlying disease pathology to help bridge these gaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy M Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kaycee M Sink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.
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