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Lu YJ, Wu YJ, Chen LJ, Ko BS, Chang TC, Wu YJ, Liang SM, Jan YJ, Liou JY. Reduced Expression of Metallothionein-I/II in Renal Proximal Tubules Is Associated with Advanced Chronic Kidney Disease. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080568. [PMID: 34437439 PMCID: PMC8402552 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a commonly occurring complex renal syndrome that causes overall mortality in many diseases. The clinical manifestations of CKD include renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and loss of renal function. Metallothionein-I/II (MT-I/II) is potentially expressed in the liver and kidney, and possesses antioxidant and metal detoxification properties. However, whether MT-I/II expression is associated with the prognosis of nephropathy remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the MT-I/II level in human CKD, using immunohistochemistry. MT-I/II is located on the proximal tubules and is notably reduced in patients with CKD. MT-I/II expression was significantly correlated with the functional and histological grades of CKD. In an aristolochic acid (AAI)-induced nephropathy mouse model, MT-I/II was abundantly increased after AAI injection for 7 days, but decreased subsequently compared to that induced in the acute phase when injected with AAI for 28 days. Furthermore, we found that ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (PDTC) restored AAI-induced MT-I/II reduction in HK2 cells. The injection of PDTC ameliorated AAI-induced renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and reduced the concentrations of blood urea nitrogen and creatinine in mouse sera. Taken together, our results indicate that MT-I/II reduction is associated with advanced CKD, and the retention of renal MT-I/II is a potential therapeutic strategy for CKD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jhu Lu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (T.-C.C.); (Y.-J.W.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Ya-Ju Wu
- Department of Pathology, Chi Mei Medical Center, Liouying, Tainan 736, Taiwan;
| | - Lu-Jen Chen
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (L.C.-J.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Bor-Sheng Ko
- Department of Hematological Oncology, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei 106, Taiwan;
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ching Chang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (T.-C.C.); (Y.-J.W.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Yi-Ju Wu
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (T.-C.C.); (Y.-J.W.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Shu-Man Liang
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (T.-C.C.); (Y.-J.W.); (S.-M.L.)
| | - Yee-Jee Jan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 407, Taiwan; (L.C.-J.); (Y.-J.J.)
| | - Jun-Yang Liou
- Institute of Cellular and System Medicine, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan 350, Taiwan; (Y.-J.L.); (T.-C.C.); (Y.-J.W.); (S.-M.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-37-246166 (ext. 38309)
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