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Zhang H, Zheng J, Fu Y, Ling J, Liu Z, Lin X, Dong X, Sun Y, Tan T, Guo Z, Xie G. Overexpression of POU3F2 promotes radioresistance in triple-negative breast cancer via Akt pathway activation. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 198:437-446. [PMID: 36797433 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06876-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE POU3F2 is associated with malignant behaviors and poor prognosis in cancer. However, the function and mechanism of POU3F2 in breast cancer remain to be elucidated. Our study aimed to explore the role of POU3F2 in triple-negative breast cancer and radiotherapy. METHODS POU3F2 expression was examined by RT-PCR and Western blot. The proliferation of cancer cells was measured by MTT assay. Migration of cancer cells was determined by Transwell assay and wound healing assay. To determine which protein interacts with POU3F2, Co-IP was performed. Survival analysis was performed based on the online database GEPIA. DNA damage after radiation was examined by Comet Assay. Radiosensitivity was evaluated with clonogenic survival assays. A tumor xenograft model was established with MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells in BALB/c nude mice to explore the effect of POU3F2 in vivo. RESULTS We found that the expression of POU3F2 was significantly elevated in breast cancer cells, especially in TNBC, and higher POU3F2 expression was related to poor prognosis of patients with breast cancer. Functional assays revealed that POU3F2 promoted proliferation, migration, and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in vitro and in vivo. In addition, the knockdown of POU3F2 decreased the radioresistance of TNBC cells in vitro. Furthermore, POU3F2 could enhance the activation of the Akt pathway by interacting with ARNT2, thereby promoting proliferation and radioresistance in TNBC cells. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence that high expression of POU3F2 promotes radioresistance in triple-negative breast cancer via Akt pathway activation by interacting with ARNT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jieling Zheng
- Department of Radiology, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Yiming Fu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Jing Ling
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - ZiShen Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xiaotong Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Xin Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Yao Sun
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Tingting Tan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China
| | - Zhaoze Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- Breast Center, Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
| | - Guozhu Xie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510515, China.
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Ning S, Zhao J, Lombard AP, D’Abronzo LS, Leslie AR, Sharifi M, Lou W, Liu C, Yang JC, Evans CP, Corey E, Chen HW, Yu A, Ghosh PM, Gao AC. Activation of neural lineage networks and ARHGEF2 in enzalutamide-resistant and neuroendocrine prostate cancer and association with patient outcomes. Commun Med (Lond) 2022; 2:118. [PMID: 36159187 PMCID: PMC9492734 DOI: 10.1038/s43856-022-00182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Treatment-emergent neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC) after androgen receptor (AR) targeted therapies is an aggressive variant of prostate cancer with an unfavorable prognosis. The underlying mechanisms for early neuroendocrine differentiation are poorly defined and diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers are needed. Methods We performed transcriptomic analysis on the enzalutamide-resistant prostate cancer cell line C4-2B MDVR and NEPC patient databases to identify neural lineage signature (NLS) genes. Correlation of NLS genes with clinicopathologic features was determined. Cell viability was determined in C4-2B MDVR and H660 cells after knocking down ARHGEF2 using siRNA. Organoid viability of patient-derived xenografts was measured after knocking down ARHGEF2. Results We identify a 95-gene NLS representing the molecular landscape of neural precursor cell proliferation, embryonic stem cell pluripotency, and neural stem cell differentiation, which may indicate an early or intermediate stage of neuroendocrine differentiation. These NLS genes positively correlate with conventional neuroendocrine markers such as chromogranin and synaptophysin, and negatively correlate with AR and AR target genes in advanced prostate cancer. Differentially expressed NLS genes stratify small-cell NEPC from prostate adenocarcinoma, which are closely associated with clinicopathologic features such as Gleason Score and metastasis status. Higher ARGHEF2, LHX2, and EPHB2 levels among the 95 NLS genes correlate with a shortened survival time in NEPC patients. Furthermore, downregulation of ARHGEF2 gene expression suppresses cell viability and markers of neuroendocrine differentiation in enzalutamide-resistant and neuroendocrine cells. Conclusions The 95 neural lineage gene signatures capture an early molecular shift toward neuroendocrine differentiation, which could stratify advanced prostate cancer patients to optimize clinical treatment and serve as a source of potential therapeutic targets in advanced prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Ning
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Jinge Zhao
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.13291.380000 0001 0807 1581Present Address: Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Alan P. Lombard
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Leandro S. D’Abronzo
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Amy R. Leslie
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Masuda Sharifi
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Wei Lou
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Chengfei Liu
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Joy C. Yang
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Christopher P. Evans
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Eva Corey
- grid.34477.330000000122986657Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - Hong-Wu Chen
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Aiming Yu
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Paramita M. Ghosh
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.413933.f0000 0004 0419 2847VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA USA
| | - Allen C. Gao
- grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684Department of Urologic Surgery, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.27860.3b0000 0004 1936 9684UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA USA ,grid.413933.f0000 0004 0419 2847VA Northern California Health Care System, Sacramento, CA USA
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Masawa M, Sato-Yazawa H, Kashiwagi K, Ishii J, Miyata-Hiramatsu C, Iwamoto M, Kohno K, Miyazawa T, Onozaki M, Noda S, Shimizu Y, Niho S, Yazawa T. REST Inactivation and Coexpression of ASCL1 and POU3F4 Are Necessary for the Complete Transformation of RB1/TP53-Inactivated Lung Adenocarcinoma into Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Am J Pathol 2022; 192:847-861. [PMID: 35367201 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although recent reports have revealed the importance of the inactivation of both RB1 and TP53 in the transformation from lung adenocarcinoma into neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC), the requirements for complete transformation into NEC have not been elucidated. To investigate alterations in the characteristics associated with the inactivation of RB1/TP53 and define the requirements for transformation into NEC cells, RB1/TP53 double-knockout A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells were established, and additional knockout of REST and transfection of ASCL1 and POU class 3 homeobox transcription factors (TFs) was conducted. More than 60 genes that are abundantly expressed in neural cells and several genes associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition were up-regulated in RB1/TP53 double-knockout A549 cells. Although the expression of chromogranin A and synaptophysin was induced by additional knockout of REST (which mimics the status of most NECs), the expression of another neuroendocrine marker, CD56, and proneural TFs was not induced. However, coexpression of ASCL1 and POU3F4 in RB1/TP53/REST triple-knockout A549 cells induced the expression of not only CD56 but also other proneural TFs (NEUROD1 and insulinoma-associated 1) and induced NEC-like morphology. These findings suggest that the inactivation of RB1 and TP53 induces a state necessary for the transformation of lung adenocarcinoma into NEC and that further inactivation of REST and coexpression of ASCL1 and POU3F4 are the triggers for complete transformation into NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meitetsu Masawa
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan
| | - Hanako Sato-Yazawa
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan.
| | - Korehito Kashiwagi
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan
| | - Jun Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan
| | - Chie Miyata-Hiramatsu
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan
| | - Masami Iwamoto
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan; Department of Pathology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Minato-ku, Japan
| | - Kakeru Kohno
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan; Institute of Life Innovation Studies, Toyo University, Itakura-machi, Japan
| | - Tadasuke Miyazawa
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan
| | - Masato Onozaki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan
| | - Shuhei Noda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan
| | - Yasuo Shimizu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan
| | - Seiji Niho
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan
| | - Takuya Yazawa
- Department of Pathology, Dokkyo Medical University School of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Mibu-machi, Japan.
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Martinez-Useros J, Martin-Galan M, Florez-Cespedes M, Garcia-Foncillas J. Epigenetics of Most Aggressive Solid Tumors: Pathways, Targets and Treatments. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:3209. [PMID: 34198989 PMCID: PMC8267921 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13133209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly aggressive tumors are characterized by a highly invasive phenotype, and they display chemoresistance. Furthermore, some of the tumors lack expression of biomarkers for target therapies. This is the case of small-cell lung cancer, triple-negative breast cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, glioblastoma, metastatic melanoma, and advanced ovarian cancer. Unfortunately, these patients show a low survival rate and most of the available drugs are ineffective. In this context, epigenetic modifications have emerged to provide the causes and potential treatments for such types of tumors. Methylation and hydroxymethylation of DNA, and histone modifications, are the most common targets of epigenetic therapy, to influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. These modifications could impact both oncogenes and tumor suppressor factors, which influence several molecular pathways such as epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, WNT/β-catenin, PI3K-mTOR, MAPK, or mismatch repair machinery. However, epigenetic changes are inducible and reversible events that could be influenced by some environmental conditions, such as UV exposure, smoking habit, or diet. Changes in DNA methylation status and/or histone modification, such as acetylation, methylation or phosphorylation, among others, are the most important targets for epigenetic cancer therapy. Therefore, the present review aims to compile the basic information of epigenetic modifications, pathways and factors, and provide a rationale for the research and treatment of highly aggressive tumors with epigenetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Martinez-Useros
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Mario Martin-Galan
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
| | | | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- Translational Oncology Division, OncoHealth Institute, Fundacion Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Avenida Reyes Catolicos 2, 28040 Madrid, Spain;
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Liu T, Han C, Fang P, Zhu H, Wang S, Ma Z, Zhang Q, Xia W, Wang J, Xu L, Yin R. Long non-coding RNAs in lung cancer: implications for lineage plasticity-mediated TKI resistance. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:1983-2000. [PMID: 33170304 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03691-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of targeted therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been impeded by various mechanisms of resistance. Besides the mutations in targeted oncogenes, reversible lineage plasticity has recently considered to play a role in the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) resistance in NSCLC. Lineage plasticity enables cells to transfer from one committed developmental pathway to another, and has been a trigger of tumor adaptation to adverse microenvironment conditions including exposure to various therapies. More importantly, besides somatic mutation, lineage plasticity has also been proposed as another source of intratumoural heterogeneity. Lineage plasticity can drive NSCLC cells to a new cell identity which no longer depends on the drug-targeted pathway. Histological transformation and epithelial–mesenchymal transition are two well-known pathways of lineage plasticity-mediated TKI resistance in NSCLC. In the last decade, increased re-biopsy practice upon disease recurrence has increased the recognition of lineage plasticity induced resistance in NSCLC and has improved our understanding of the underlying biology. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), the dark matter of the genome, are capable of regulating variant malignant processes of NSCLC like the invisible hands. Recent evidence suggests that lncRNAs are involved in TKI resistance in NSCLC, particularly in lineage plasticity-mediated resistance. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms of lncRNAs in regulating lineage plasticity and TKI resistance in NSCLC. We also discuss how understanding these themes can alter therapeutic strategies, including combination therapy approaches to overcome TKI resistance.
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6
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Lantuejoul S, Fernandez-Cuesta L, Damiola F, Girard N, McLeer A. New molecular classification of large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and small cell lung carcinoma with potential therapeutic impacts. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:2233-2244. [PMID: 33209646 PMCID: PMC7653155 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNECs) and small cell lung carcinomas (SCLCs) are high-grade neuroendocrine carcinomas of the lung with very aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. Their histological classification as well as their therapeutic management has not changed much in recent years, but genomic and transcriptomic analyses have revealed different molecular subtypes raising hopes for more personalized treatment. Indeed, four subtypes of SCLCs have been recently described, SCLC-A driven by the master gene ASCL1, SCLC-N driven by NEUROD1, SCLC-Y by YAP1 and SCLC-P by POU2F3. Whereas SCLC standard of care is based on concurrent chemoradiation for limited stages and on chemotherapy alone or chemotherapy combined with anti-PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors for extensive stage SCLC, SCLC-A variants could benefit from DLL3 or BCL2 inhibitors, and SCLC-N variants from Aurora kinase inhibitors combined with chemotherapy, or PI3K/mTOR or HSP90 inhibitors. In addition, a new SCLC variant (SCLC-IM) with high-expression of immune checkpoints has been also reported, which could benefit from immunotherapies. PARP inhibitors also gave promising results in combination with chemotherapy in a subset of SCLCs. Regarding LCNECs, they represent a heterogeneous group of tumors, some of them exhibiting mutations also found in SCLC but with a pattern of expression of NSCLC, while others harbor mutations also found in NSCLC but with a pattern of expression of SCLC, questioning their clinical management as NSCLCs or SCLCs. Overall, we are probably entering a new area, which, if personalized treatments are effective, will also lead to the implementation in practice of molecular testing or biomarkers detection for the selection of patients who can benefit from them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Lantuejoul
- Department of Biopathology, Pathology Research Platform- Synergie Lyon Cancer- CRCL, Centre Léon Bérard Unicancer, Lyon, France
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Francesca Damiola
- Department of Biopathology, Pathology Research Platform- Synergie Lyon Cancer- CRCL, Centre Léon Bérard Unicancer, Lyon, France
| | - Nicolas Girard
- Institut Curie, Institut du Thorax Curie Montsouris, Paris, France
| | - Anne McLeer
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
- Department of Pathology and Cancer Molecular Genetics Platform, CHU Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
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Cancel M, Castellier C, Debiais-Delpech C, Charles T, Rozet F, Rioux-Leclercq N, Mathieu R, Beltjens F, Cormier L, Bruyère F, Fromont G. Specificities of small cell neuroendocrine prostate cancer: Adverse prognostic value of TTF1 expression. Urol Oncol 2020; 39:74.e17-74.e23. [PMID: 32739231 DOI: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether small cell neuroendocrine prostate cancers (NEPCa) emerging after anti-androgen treatments are different from the rarest cases diagnosed de novo, and to identify effective predictive markers. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression of neuroendocrine markers, androgen receptor (AR) and androgen-regulated genes, as well as markers of aggressiveness, were analyzed by immunohistochemistry on a tissue microarray containing samples of 30 sNEPCa, either pure or admixed with conventional PCa, and including 14 cases diagnosed de novo and 16 cases subsequent to prior androgen deprivation. RESULTS Chromogranin A is a better marker of NE differentiation than synaptophysin in post-treatment NEPCa, with 94% and 44% of positive tumors, respectively, while both markers are equally expressed in de novo cases. Despite the acquisition of a NE phenotype, more than half of NEPCa expressed AR and the androgen-regulated gene NKX3.1, more frequently in cases admixed with conventional PCa. TTF1 staining, present in half of NEPCa, was associated with loss of androgen-regulated genes and with markers of aggressiveness, including increased proliferation, Zeb1 expression and PTEN loss. In multivariate analysis, only TTF1 expression was significantly associated with shorter overall survival. CONCLUSION These results suggest the persistence of androgen signaling in a number of NEPCa cases, and the interest of TTF1 staining as a predictive biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Cancel
- Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université de Tours, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Oncology, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | - François Rozet
- Institut Mutualiste Montsouris, Department of Urology, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Luc Cormier
- Centre Georges Francois Leclerc, CHU Dijon, Department of Urology, Dijon, France
| | | | - Gaëlle Fromont
- Inserm UMR1069 "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer" Université de Tours, CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France; Department of Pathology, Tours, France.
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8
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Carceles-Cordon M, Kelly WK, Gomella L, Knudsen KE, Rodriguez-Bravo V, Domingo-Domenech J. Cellular rewiring in lethal prostate cancer: the architect of drug resistance. Nat Rev Urol 2020; 17:292-307. [PMID: 32203305 PMCID: PMC7218925 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-020-0298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Over the past 5 years, the advent of combination therapeutic strategies has substantially reshaped the clinical management of patients with advanced prostate cancer. However, most of these combination regimens were developed empirically and, despite offering survival benefits, are not enough to halt disease progression. Thus, the development of effective therapeutic strategies that target the mechanisms involved in the acquisition of drug resistance and improve clinical trial design are an unmet clinical need. In this context, we hypothesize that the tumour engineers a dynamic response through the process of cellular rewiring, in which it adapts to the therapy used and develops mechanisms of drug resistance via downstream signalling of key regulatory cascades such as the androgen receptor, PI3K-AKT or GATA2-dependent pathways, as well as initiation of biological processes to revert tumour cells to undifferentiated aggressive states via phenotype switching towards a neuroendocrine phenotype or acquisition of stem-like properties. These dynamic responses are specific for each patient and could be responsible for treatment failure despite multi-target approaches. Understanding the common stages of these cellular rewiring mechanisms to gain a new perspective on the molecular underpinnings of drug resistance might help formulate novel combination therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc Carceles-Cordon
- Medical Oncology Department, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - W Kevin Kelly
- Medical Oncology Department, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Leonard Gomella
- Urology Department, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karen E Knudsen
- Medical Oncology Department, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urology Department, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Cancer Biology Department, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Veronica Rodriguez-Bravo
- Cancer Biology Department, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Josep Domingo-Domenech
- Medical Oncology Department, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
- Cancer Biology Department, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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9
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Hokari S, Tamura Y, Kaneda A, Katsura A, Morikawa M, Murai F, Ehata S, Tsutsumi S, Ishikawa Y, Aburatani H, Kikuchi T, Miyazono K, Koinuma D. Comparative analysis of TTF-1 binding DNA regions in small-cell lung cancer and non-small-cell lung cancer. Mol Oncol 2019; 14:277-293. [PMID: 31782890 PMCID: PMC6998394 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1, encoded by the NKX2-1 gene) is highly expressed in small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) and lung adenocarcinoma (LADC), but how its functional roles differ between SCLC and LADC remains to be elucidated. Here, we compared the genome-wide distributions of TTF-1 binding regions and the transcriptional programs regulated by TTF-1 between NCI-H209 (H209), a human SCLC cell line, and NCI-H441 (H441), a human LADC cell line, using chromatin immunoprecipitation-sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). TTF-1 binding regions in H209 and H441 cells differed by 75.0% and E-box motifs were highly enriched exclusively in the TTF-1 binding regions of H209 cells. Transcriptome profiling revealed that TTF-1 is involved in neuroendocrine differentiation in H209 cells. We report that TTF-1 and achaete-scute homolog 1 (ASCL1, also known as ASH1, an E-box binding basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor, and a lineage-survival oncogene of SCLC) are coexpressed and bound to adjacent sites on target genes expressed in SCLC, and cooperatively regulate transcription. Furthermore, TTF-1 regulated expression of the Bcl-2 gene family and showed antiapoptotic function in SCLC. Our findings suggest that TTF-1 promotes SCLC growth and contributes to neuroendocrine and antiapoptotic gene expression by partly coordinating with ASCL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Hokari
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Yusuke Tamura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kaneda
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Japan
| | - Akihiro Katsura
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masato Morikawa
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Murai
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Ehata
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shuichi Tsutsumi
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- Division of Pathology, the Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kikuchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
| | - Kohei Miyazono
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daizo Koinuma
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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10
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Moonen L, Derks J, Dingemans AM, Speel EJ. Orthopedia Homeobox (OTP) in Pulmonary Neuroendocrine Tumors: The Diagnostic Value and Possible Molecular Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:E1508. [PMID: 31597385 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Generally, patients with stage I-IIIa (TNM) pulmonary carcinoid disease have a favourable prognosis after curative resection. Yet, distant recurrence of disease after curative surgery occurs in approximately 1–6% of patients with typical carcinoid and 14–29% in patients with atypical carcinoid disease, respectively. Known predictors of distant recurrence of disease are atypical carcinoid, lymphatic involvement, and incomplete resection status. However, none of them can be reliably used, alone or in combination, to exclude patients from long-term follow-up (advised 15 years). By genomic profiling, Orthopedia homeobox (OTP) has been identified as a promising prognostic marker for pulmonary carcinoid with a favourable prognosis and low risk of distant disease recurrence. Moreover, OTP is a highly specific marker for carcinoids of pulmonary origin and recent genome wide analysis has identified OTP as a crucial predictor of aggressive tumor behaviour. OTP in combination with CD44, a stem cell marker and cell-surface protein, enables the identification of patients with surgical resected carcinoid disease that could potentially be excluded from long-term follow-up. In future clinical practice OTP may enable clinicians to reduce the diagnostic burden and related distress and reduce costs of long-term radiological assessments in patients with a pulmonary carcinoid. This review addresses the current clinical value of OTP and the possible molecular mechanisms regulating OTP expression and function in pulmonary carcinoids.
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11
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Yan LX, Liu YH, Li Z, Luo DL, Li YF, Yan JH, Zhang JT, Liu C, Liu XH, He J. Prognostic value of delta-like protein 3 combined with thyroid transcription factor-1 in small-cell lung cancer. Oncol Lett 2019; 18:2254-2261. [PMID: 31452726 PMCID: PMC6676644 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2019.10538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Rovalpituzumab tesirine is a promising delta-like protein 3 (DLL3)-targeted antibody-drug conjugate for the treatment of small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) and DLL3 protein are associated with SCLC, and may be used to identify patients, who respond to the DLL3-targeted therapy. However, little is known about the expression pattern of the DLL3 protein, and the prognostic value of DLL3 and TTF-1 for SCLC. A total of 335 patients with SCLC were identified, including 11 patients with paired biopsy of primary site and lobectomy specimens, and 37 patients with paired specimens of primary and metastatic site. The DLL3 expression levels of individuals were evaluated using the anti-DLL3 antibody. No differences in DLL3 expression levels were observed in paired biopsy and lobectomy specimens (P=0.774), and paired primary and metastatic sites (P=0.472). SCLC cases with high DLL3 expression levels were more frequent in male patients (P=0.041), smokers (P=0.023) and patients with positive TTF-1 expression (P=0.006) compared with DLL3-low SCLC. DLL3-high SCLC exhibited worse overall survival compared with DLL3-low SCLC (log-rank test, P=0.007). Patients with TTF-1+ SCLC experienced a significantly worse overall survival compared with patients with TTF-1- SCLC (P<0.001). DLL3-low/TTF-1- was defined as a distinct molecular subgroup of SCLC with optimal prognosis (P<0.001). DLL3-low/TTF-1- was an independent prognostic marker for SCLC (P=0.001). In conclusion, the present study, to the best of our knowledge, provided novel evidence for SCLC intratumoral and intertumoral homogeneity with the identification of DLL3 protein levels. Therefore, it is reliable to use biopsy specimens to evaluate DLL3 expression levels for identification of patients who may benefit from DLL3-targeted therapy. In addition, DLL3 and TTF-1 are two protein markers with potential clinical value in risk stratification for patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Xu Yan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Dong-Lan Luo
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Fa Li
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Hai Yan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jia-Tao Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Xun-Hua Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Jiao He
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
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12
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Liu J, Dong S, Li L, Wang H, Zhao J, Zhao Y. The E3 ubiquitin ligase HECW1 targets thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1/NKX2.1) for its degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Cell Signal 2019; 58:91-98. [PMID: 30849519 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF1/NKX2.1), is a nuclear protein member of the NKX2 family of homeodomain transcription factors. It plays a critical role in regulation of multiple organ functions by promoting gene expression, such as thyroid hormone in thyroid and surfactant proteins in the lung. However, molecular regulation of TTF1 has not been well investigated, especially regarding its protein degradation. Here we show that protein kinase C agonist, phorbol esters (PMA), reduces TTF1 protein levels in time- and dose-dependent manners, without altering TTF1 mRNA levels. TTF1 is ubiquitinated and degraded in the proteasome in response to PMA, suggesting that PMA induces TTF1 degradation in the ubiquitin-proteasome system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that an E3 ubiquitin ligase, named HECT, C2 and WW domain containing E3 ubiquitin protein ligase 1 (HECW1), targets TTF1 for its ubiquitination and degradation, while downregulation of HECW1 attenuates PMA-induced TTF1 ubiquitination and degradation. A lysine residue lys151 was identified as the ubiquitin acceptor site within the TTF1. A lys151 to arginine mutant of TTF1 (TTF1K151R) is resistant to PMA- or HECW1-mediated ubiquitination and degradation. Further, we reveal that overexpression of TTF1 increases lung epithelial cell migration and proliferation, while the effects are reversed by HECW1. This study is the first to demonstrate that the E3 ubiquitin ligase HECW1 regulates TTF1 degradation by site-specific ubiquitination. This study will provide a new direction to clarify the molecular regulation of TTF1 in lung and its role in lung epithelial remodeling after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Su Dong
- Department of Anesthesia, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China; Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Lian Li
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Heather Wang
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yutong Zhao
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.
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13
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Horie M, Miyashita N, Mattsson JSM, Mikami Y, Sandelin M, Brunnström H, Micke P, Nagase T, Saito A. An integrative transcriptome analysis reveals a functional role for thyroid transcription factor-1 in small cell lung cancer: A role for TTF-1 in SCLC. J Pathol 2018; 246:154-65. [DOI: 10.1002/path.5109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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14
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Iida Y, Masuda S, Nakanishi Y, Shimizu T, Nishimaki H, Takahashi M, Hikichi M, Maruoka S, Gon Y, Takahashi N, Hashimoto S. Clinicopathological characteristics of thyroid transcription factor 1-negative small cell lung cancers. Hum Pathol 2018; 79:127-134. [PMID: 29787820 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2017] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Limitations in obtaining surgically resected or biopsy samples of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) tumors make comprehensive biological analyses difficult. The loss of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) has been associated with the aggressive behavior of non-small cell lung cancer; however, clinicopathological features of TTF-1-negative SCLC remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the characteristics of TTF-1-negative SCLC. We studied the associations between the expression of TTF-1 and the clinicopathological factors associated with SCLC, including survival and expression of neuroendocrine markers (synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and CD56), neuroendocrine cell-specific transcription factors (ASCL1, BRN2), a proliferation marker (Ki-67 labeling index), and an oncogene (NF1B). Formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections of SCLC tumors were subjected to immunohistochemistry and quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction analyses. In a case-control cohort matched for basic clinical factors, expression of ProGRP, synaptophysin, chromogranin A, and ASCL1 was significantly decreased in TTF-1-negative SCLC samples. In contrast, there was no significant correlation between Ki-67 labeling index and TTF-1. In a larger serial case cohort, TTF-1-negative SCLC cases were older at diagnosis, but there was no significant difference in the overall survival of patients with TTF-1-negative and TTF-1-positive SCLC. In conclusion, TTF-1-negative SCLC showed decreased neuroendocrine differentiation, and significantly worse clinical outcomes were not observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Iida
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shinobu Masuda
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan.
| | - Yoko Nakanishi
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Shimizu
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Haruna Nishimaki
- Division of Oncologic Pathology, Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mai Takahashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Mari Hikichi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shuichiro Maruoka
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Gon
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Noriaki Takahashi
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
| | - Shu Hashimoto
- Division of Respiratory Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8610, Japan
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15
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Abstract
The success of next-generation androgen receptor (AR) pathway inhibitors, such as abiraterone acetate and enzalutamide, in treating prostate cancer has been hampered by the emergence of drug resistance. This acquired drug resistance is driven, in part, by the ability of prostate cancer cells to change their phenotype to adopt AR-independent pathways for growth and survival. Around one-quarter of resistant prostate tumours comprise cells that have undergone cellular reprogramming to become AR-independent and to acquire a continuum of neuroendocrine characteristics. These highly aggressive and lethal tumours, termed neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC), exhibit reactivation of developmental programmes that are associated with epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and acquisition of stem-like cell properties. In the past few years, our understanding of the link between lineage plasticity and an emergent NEPC phenotype has considerably increased. This new knowledge can contribute to novel therapeutic modalities that are likely to improve the treatment and clinical management of aggressive prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair H Davies
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Himisha Beltran
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, 413 East 69th Street, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, 2660 Oak Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada.,Department of Urologic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, 2775 Laurel Street, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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16
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Rodríguez-Zarco E, Vallejo-Benítez A, Umbría-Jiménez S, Pereira-Gallardo S, Pabón-Carrasco S, Azueta A, González-Cámpora R, Espinal P, García-Escudero A. Immunohistochemical study of the neural development transcription factors (TTF1, ASCL1 and BRN2) in neuroendocrine prostate tumours. Actas Urol Esp 2017; 41:529-534. [PMID: 28285791 DOI: 10.1016/j.acuro.2016.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prostatic small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is an uncommon malignancy that constitutes 0.5-1% of all prostate malignancies. The median cancer-specific survival of patients with prostatic small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma is 19 months, and 60.5% of the patients have metastatic disease. Neural development transcription factors are molecules involved in the organogenesis of the central nervous system and of neuroendocrine precursors of various tissues, including the suprarenal gland, thyroid glands, lungs and prostate. MATERIAL AND METHODS We present 3 cases of this uncommon condition, applying the new World Health Organisation criteria. We conducted studies through haematoxylin and eosin staining and analysed the expression of the neural development transcription factors achaete-scute homolog like 1, thyroid transcription factor 1 and the class III/IV POU transcription factors, as a new research line in the carcinogenesis of prostatic neuroendocrine tumours. RESULTS In case 1, there was no TTF1 immunoexpression. Cases 2 and 3 had positive immunostaining for ASCL1, and Case 1 had negative immunostaining. BRN2 immunostaining was negative in case 1 and positive in cases 2 and 3. CONCLUSION The World Health Organisation does not recognise any molecular or genetic marker with prognostic value. ASCL-1 is related to the NOTCH and WNT signalling pathways. ASCL-1, TTF1 and BRN2 could be used for early diagnosis and as prognostic factors and therapeutic targets.
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17
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Abstract
Ovarian cancer is possibly the sixth most common malignancy worldwide, in Mexico representing the fourth leading cause of gynecological cancer death more than 70% being diagnosed at an advanced stage and the survival being very poor. Ovarian tumors are classified according to histological characteristics, epithelial ovarian cancer as the most common (~80%). We here used high-density microarrays and a systems biology approach to identify tissue-associated deregulated genes. Non-malignant ovarian tumors showed a gene expression profile associated with immune mediated inflammatory responses (28 genes), whereas malignant tumors had a gene expression profile related to cell cycle regulation (1,329 genes) and ovarian cell lines to cell cycling and metabolism (1,664 genes).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Villegas-Ruiz
- Experimental Oncology Laboratory, Research Department, National Institute of Pediatrics, Mexico E-mail :
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18
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Bishop JL, Thaper D, Vahid S, Davies A, Ketola K, Kuruma H, Jama R, Nip KM, Angeles A, Johnson F, Wyatt AW, Fazli L, Gleave ME, Lin D, Rubin MA, Collins CC, Wang Y, Beltran H, Zoubeidi A. The Master Neural Transcription Factor BRN2 Is an Androgen Receptor–Suppressed Driver of Neuroendocrine Differentiation in Prostate Cancer. Cancer Discov 2017; 7:54-71. [DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-15-1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 212] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Abdelraouf F, Sharp A, Maurya M, Mair D, Wotherspoon A, Leary A, Gonzalez de Castro D, Bhosle J, Nassef A, Gaafar T, Popat S, Yap TA, O'Brien M. Focused molecular analysis of small cell lung cancer: feasibility in routine clinical practice. BMC Res Notes 2015; 8:688. [PMID: 26581482 PMCID: PMC4652351 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-015-1675-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is an urgent need to identify molecular signatures in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) that may select patients who are likely to respond to molecularly targeted therapies. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of undertaking focused molecular analyses on routine diagnostic biopsies in patients with SCLC. Methods A series of histopathologically confirmed formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded SCLC specimens were analysed for epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), KRAS, NRAS and BRAF mutations, ALK gene rearrangements and MET amplification. EGFR and KRAS mutation testing was evaluated using real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR cobas®), BRAF and NRAS mutations using multiplex PCR and capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation analysis, and ALK and MET aberrations with fluorescent in situ hybridization. All genetic aberrations detected were validated independently. Results A total of 105 patients diagnosed with SCLC between July 1990 and September 2006 were included. 60 (57 %) patients had suitable tumour tissue for molecular testing. 25 patients were successfully evaluated for all six pre-defined molecular aberrations. Eleven patients failed all molecular analysis. No mutations in EGFR, KRAS and NRAS were detected, and no ALK gene rearrangements or MET gene amplifications were identified. A V600E substitution in BRAF was detected in a Caucasian male smoker diagnosed with SCLC with squamoid and glandular features. Conclusion The paucity of patients with sufficient tumour tissue, quality of DNA extracted and low frequency of aberrations detected indicate that alternative molecular characterisation approaches are necessary, such as the use of circulating plasma DNA in patients with SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Abdelraouf
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK. .,Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Adam Sharp
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK. .,The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Manisha Maurya
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
| | - Debbie Mair
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
| | - Andrew Wotherspoon
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
| | - Alex Leary
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
| | - David Gonzalez de Castro
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
| | - Jaishree Bhosle
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
| | - Ayatallah Nassef
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK. .,Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Taghrid Gaafar
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK. .,Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Sanjay Popat
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK. .,National Heart and Lung institute, London, UK.
| | - Timothy A Yap
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK. .,The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.
| | - Mary O'Brien
- Lung Cancer Unit, Department of Medicine, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Downs Road, Sutton, London, SM2 5PT, UK.
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20
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Suzuki M, Yazawa T, Ota S, Morimoto J, Yoshino I, Yamanaka S, Inayama Y, Kawabata Y, Shimizu Y, Komatsu M, Notohara K, Koda K, Nakatani Y. High-grade fetal adenocarcinoma of the lung is a tumour with a fetal phenotype that shows diverse differentiation, including high-grade neuroendocrine carcinoma: a clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and mutational study of 20 cases. Histopathology 2015; 67:806-16. [PMID: 25851923 DOI: 10.1111/his.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS High-grade fetal adenocarcinoma (H-FLAC) is a rare variant of pulmonary adenocarcinoma; this study aims to elucidate its clinicopathological features and genetic abnormalities. METHODS AND RESULTS Clinicopathological, immunohistochemical and mutational analyses were performed on 20 surgically resected lung cancers that showed H-FLAC histology in various proportions. These tumours predominantly occurred in elderly males and in 10 patients who were heavy smokers. Four cases were pure H-FLAC, and 16 cases were mixed H-FLAC, which were found to be combined with conventional-type adenocarcinoma (15 cases), large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (three cases), small-cell carcinoma (one case), enteric adenocarcinoma (two cases), choriocarcinoma (two cases), and a solid-clear cell pattern (seven cases). The fetal phenotype and diverse differentiation were supported by the immunoexpression of α-fetoprotein (95%), thyroid transcription factor-1 (TTF-1) (50%), neuroendocrine markers (30-45%), proneural markers (50-69%), and CDX2 (40%). Except for TTF-1 expression (pure H-FLACs, 0%; mixed H-FLACs, 63%), there were no significant differences in histological or immunohistochemical findings between pure and mixed H-FLACs. EGFR, KRAS, BRAF and PIK3CA mutations were identified in 20%, 0%, 0% and 7% of the tumours, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Lung adenocarcinomas with H-FLAC features possess the potential for multidirectional differentiation, and are not strongly associated with known major driver gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Suzuki
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Takuya Yazawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ota
- Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Junichi Morimoto
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ichiro Yoshino
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamanaka
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Hospital, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Inayama
- Department of Pathology, Yokohama City University Medical Centre, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawabata
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Centre, Kumagaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Shimizu
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Cardiovascular and Respiratory Centre, Kumagaya, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masayo Komatsu
- Department of Pathology, Yamamoto Kumiai General Hospital, Noshiro, Japan
| | - Kenji Notohara
- Department of Pathology, Kurashiki General Hospital, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Kenji Koda
- Department of Pathology, Fujieda Municipal General Hospital, Fujieda, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakatani
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan.,Department of Pathology, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan
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21
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Ishii J, Sato H, Yazawa T, Shishido-Hara Y, Hiramatsu C, Nakatani Y, Kamma H. Class III/IV POU transcription factors expressed in small cell lung cancer cells are involved in proneural/neuroendocrine differentiation. Pathol Int 2015; 64:415-22. [PMID: 25243889 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
One-third of lung malignancies demonstrate a proneural/neuroendocrine phenotype or type of differentiation. However, it has not been clearly elucidated how proneural/neuroendocrine differentiation is controlled in lung cancers. We recently demonstrated that the POU3F2 gene plays a significant role in proneural/neuroendocrine differentiation of lung cancers. Because class III POU genes (POU3F1, POU3F2, POU3F3, and POU3F4) and class IV POU genes (POU4F1, POU4F2, and POU4F3) share similar properties in neural development, we analyzed the association between class III/IV POU genes and a proneural/neuroendocrine phenotype in lung cancers using seven small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines and twelve non-SCLC (NSCLC) cell lines. Class III/IV POU gene expression was generally restricted to SCLC cells. However, the forced expression of class III/IV POU genes in the NSCLC cell lines induced the expression of neuroendocrine-specific markers (neural call adhesion molecule 1, synaptophysin, and chromogranin A) and proneural transcription factors (achaete-scute homolog-like 1, NeuroD1, and thyroid transcription factor 1) in various degrees. Furthermore, each class III/IV POU gene induced other class III/IV POU genes, suggesting the mutual induction of class III/IV POU genes. These findings suggest that the expression of class III/IV POU genes is important for the proneural/neuroendocrine differentiation of lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Ishii
- Department of Pathology, Kyorin University School of Medicine, Mitaka, Japan
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Yazawa T. Recent advances in histogenesis research of lung neuroendocrine cancers: Evidence obtained from functional analyses of primitive neural/neuroendocrine cell-specific transcription factors. Pathol Int 2015; 65:277-85. [PMID: 25708144 DOI: 10.1111/pin.12267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Small cell carcinoma (SmCC) and large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LENEC) are categorized as neuroendocrine cancers (NECs) of the lung and have extremely poor prognoses. The lack of an effective therapeutic strategy against SmCC and LCNEC is a serious issue. Because the regulation of the cellular phenotype is complicated by the actions of various transcription factors, investigations into the function of neural/neuroendocrine cell-specific transcription factors are important for elucidating the cellular characteristics and histogenesis of SmCC and LCNEC and for establishing innovative therapeutic strategies against them. In this review, the functions of ASCL1, NeuroD1, REST, TTF1, and class III/IV POU, that are specifically and highly expressed in lung NECs, are introduced. These transcription factors transactivate and/or transrepress various genes and are involved in neural progenitor phenotyping, neuroendocrine and stem cell marker expression, and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Based on the evidence that certain carcinoids express ASCL1, NeuroD1, TTF1, and class III/IV POU and that lung NECs can develop from non-NE cells/non-NEC cells, the relationships among lung NECs, carcinoid tumors, and non-NECs are discussed. Finally, a model of the histogenesis of lung NECs in view of similarities in the expression of primitive neural/neuroendocrine cell-specific transcription factors is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Yazawa
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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Endo T, Yazawa T, Shishido-Hara Y, Fujiwara M, Shimoyamada H, Ishii J, Sato H, Tachibana K, Takei H, Kondo H, Goya T, Endo S, Kamma H. Expression of developing neural transcription factors in lung carcinoid tumors. Pathol Int 2014; 64:365-74. [DOI: 10.1111/pin.12183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuya Endo
- Department of Pathology; Kyorin University School of Medicine; Mitaka Japan
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery; Jichi Medical University; Shimotsuke Japan
| | - Takuya Yazawa
- Department of Pathology; Kyorin University School of Medicine; Mitaka Japan
| | | | - Masachika Fujiwara
- Department of Pathology; Kyorin University School of Medicine; Mitaka Japan
| | | | - Jun Ishii
- Department of Pathology; Kyorin University School of Medicine; Mitaka Japan
| | - Hanako Sato
- Department of Anatomy; St. Marianna University School of Medicine; Kawasaki Japan
| | - Keisei Tachibana
- Department of Surgery; Kyorin University School of Medicine; Mitaka Japan
| | - Hidefumi Takei
- Department of Surgery; Kyorin University School of Medicine; Mitaka Japan
| | - Haruhiko Kondo
- Department of Surgery; Kyorin University School of Medicine; Mitaka Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Goya
- Department of Surgery; Kyorin University School of Medicine; Mitaka Japan
| | - Shunsuke Endo
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery; Jichi Medical University; Shimotsuke Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kamma
- Department of Pathology; Kyorin University School of Medicine; Mitaka Japan
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