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Kang SA, Yu HS. Acceleration of Trichinella spiralis worm expulsion by leukotriene B4 receptor binding inhibition. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12843. [PMID: 33977540 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Helminth infection typically induces a Th2 inflammatory response that is characterized by eosinophilia, high levels of IgE and mast cells. LTB4 is generated from innate immune cells, such as neutrophils, macrophages and mast cells, in response to a range of stimuli. It mainly acts on myeloid leukocytes, inducing the activation of integrins, adhesion to endothelium walls, and chemotaxis. METHODS AND RESULTS The objective of the present study was to determine the role of the LTB4 receptor in Trichinella spiralis expulsion. We treated mice with the LTB4 receptor antagonist before infection with T. spiralis. We observed that the number of mast cells and worm infection decreased following treatment with the BLT antagonist during the intestinal phase. We also demonstrated that blocking the LTB4 receptor inhibited neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Further studies are required to investigate the specific mechanism of mast cell number decrease and worm infection and the in vitro interactions between LTB4 and worm expulsion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Ae Kang
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Rep. of Korea
| | - Hak Sun Yu
- Department of Parasitology and Tropical Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan-si, Rep. of Korea.,Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan-si, Rep. of Korea
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2
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Tarrant JC, Binder ZA, Bugatti M, Vermi W, van den Oord J, Ranieri B, Assenmacher CA, Hoepp N, O'Rourke DM, Shan X, Danet-Desnoyers G, Radaelli E. Pathology of macrophage activation syndrome in humanized NSGS mice. Res Vet Sci 2020; 134:137-146. [PMID: 33383491 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2020.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
"Humanized" immunodeficient mice generated via the transplantation of CD34+ human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSC) are an important preclinical model system. The triple transgenic NOD.Cg-PrkdcscidIl2rgtm1Wjl Tg(CMV-IL3,CSF2,KITLG)1Eav/MloySzJ (NSGS) mouse line is increasingly used as recipient for CD34+ hHSC engraftment. NSGS mice combine the features of the highly immunodeficient NSG mice with transgenic expression of the human myeloid stimulatory cytokines GM-CSF, IL-3, and Kit ligand. While generating humanized NSGS (huNSGS) mice from two independent cohorts, we encountered a fatal macrophage activation syndrome (MAS)-like phenotype resulting from the transplantation of CD34+ hHSC. huNSGS mice exhibiting this phenotype declined clinically starting at approximately 10 weeks following CD34+ hHSC engraftment, with all mice requiring euthanasia by 16 weeks. Gross changes comprised small, irregular liver, splenomegaly, cardiomegaly, and generalized pallor. Hematological abnormalities included severe thrombocytopenia and anemia. Pathologically, huNSGS spontaneously developed a disseminated histiocytosis with infiltrates of activated macrophages and hemophagocytosis predominantly affecting the liver, spleen, bone marrow, and pancreas. The infiltrates were chimeric with a mixture of human and mouse macrophages. Immunohistochemistry suggested activation of the inflammasome in both human and murine macrophages. Active Epstein-Barr virus infection was not a feature. Although the affected mice exhibited robust chimerism of the spleen and bone marrow, the phenotype often developed in the face of low chimerism of the peripheral blood. Given the high penetrance and early lethality associated with the MAS-like phenotype here described, we urge caution when considering the use of huNSGS mice for the development of long-term studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- James C Tarrant
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Zev A Binder
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mattia Bugatti
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - William Vermi
- Department of Pathology, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Joost van den Oord
- Laboratory of Translational Cell and Tissue Research, Department of Pathology, UZ Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Brona Ranieri
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Natalie Hoepp
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Donald M O'Rourke
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Glioblastoma Translational Center of Excellence, The Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xiaochuan Shan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gwenn Danet-Desnoyers
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Enrico Radaelli
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Veterinary Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Deem TL, Collins JB, DeVost MH, Parker CO, Saroka SC, Zoldork RJ, Gutierrez F, Russell JM, Lantz CS. Assessment of faithful interleukin-3 production by novel bicistronic interleukin-3 reporter mice. Immunol Lett 2020; 221:18-26. [PMID: 32084428 PMCID: PMC7157941 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2020.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-3 (IL-3) is an important hematopoietic growth factor and immunregulatory cytokine. Although activated T helper cells represent a main source of IL-3, other cell types have been reported to express this cytokine. However, precise identification and quantification of the cells that produce IL-3 in vivo have not been performed. Therefore, we used a CRISPR/Cas approach to engineer mice containing a bicistronic mRNA linking a readily identifiable reporter, enhanced green fluorescent protein (ZsGreen1), to IL-3 expression. To characterize these novel reporter mice, we first examined ZsGreen1 expression by CD4 T cells subsets primed and activated in vitro. We found that activated Th1 cells expressed ∼4-fold higher levels of ZsGreen1 as compared to Th0 and Th2 cells. Endogenous IL-3 expression remained intact although reporter Th1 cells secreted ∼33 % less IL-3 than similarly activated wild-type cells. To characterize the ability of reporter mice to accurately mark IL-3-producing cells in vivo, we infected mice with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. Low but significant numbers of ZsGreen1+ CD4 T cells were detected in the mesenteric lymph nodes and lung following both primary and secondary infection. No difference in basophil and intestinal mast cell numbers were observed between infected reporter and wild-type mice indicating that reporter mice secreted IL-3 levels in vivo that results in IL-3-driven biological activities which are indistinguishable from those observed in corresponding wild-type mice. These IL-3 reporter mice will be a valuable resource to investigate IL-3-dependent immune responses in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy L Deem
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA; Department of Biology, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA, 22812, USA
| | - James B Collins
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Madison H DeVost
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Chandler O Parker
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA; Department of Biology, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, VA, 22812, USA
| | - Shelby C Saroka
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Ryan J Zoldork
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Fernando Gutierrez
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Jenny M Russell
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA
| | - Chris S Lantz
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, 22807, USA.
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4
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Rignault-Bricard R, Machavoine F, Mecheri S, Hermine O, Schneider E, Dy M, Leite-de-Moraes M. IL-3-producing basophils are required to exacerbate airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine inflammatory model. Allergy 2018; 73:2342-2351. [PMID: 29777594 DOI: 10.1111/all.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Basophils are commonly associated with allergic responses because of their ability to produce large amounts of pro-Th2 cytokines and histamine. However, the mechanisms through which bone marrow-resident basophils (BMRB) become fully competent cytokine and histamine producers in response to IgE crosslinking are poorly understood. Here, we sought to determine the role of IL-3 in promoting pro-Th2 basophils. METHODS BMRB and basophils exposed to IL-3 in vitro and in vivo were evaluated for their production of Th2 cytokines and histamine in response to FcεRI crosslinking on both protein and gene expression levels. In vivo relevance of our findings was assessed in a model of ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma using IL-3-deficient and wild-type mice in a protocol of adoptive basophil transfer. RESULTS We show that BMRB and basophils previously exposed to IL-3 differ in their ability to generate cytokines (IL-4, IL-6, IL-13, and GM-CSF) and histamine in response to FcεRI crosslinking, reflecting two stages of maturation. Exposure to IL-3 initiated an autocrine loop of endogenous IL-3 production that enhanced histamine and cytokine production upon FcεRI crosslinking. This increased responsiveness required calcium flux and was dependent on calcineurin and store-operated calcium channels. Our findings are of pathophysiological relevance, as assessed by the failure of IL-3-deficient mice to develop airway hyperreactivity, which could be restored by adoptive transfer of IL-3-derived basophils recovered from wild-type mice. CONCLUSION IL-3-dependent basophils promote Th2 allergic AHR, which designates the IL-3/basophil axis as a promising therapeutic target for the treatment of basophil-dependent asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Rignault-Bricard
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8253; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR 1151; Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
- Institut Imagine Inserm UMR1163; CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labelisée (ERL) 8654; Université Paris Descartes Paris; Paris France
| | - F. Machavoine
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8253; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR 1151; Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - S. Mecheri
- Institut Pasteur; Unité de Biologie des Interactions Hôte Parasites; CNRS ERL9195, Inserm UMR1201; Paris France
| | - O. Hermine
- Institut Imagine Inserm UMR1163; CNRS Equipe de Recherche Labelisée (ERL) 8654; Université Paris Descartes Paris; Paris France
- Department of Hematology; Hôpital Necker Enfants Malades; Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris; Université Paris Descartes Paris; Paris France
| | - E. Schneider
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8253; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR 1151; Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - M. Dy
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8253; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR 1151; Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
| | - M. Leite-de-Moraes
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation and Immunopathology; Institut Necker-Enfants Malades; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS); Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 8253; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) UMR 1151; Université Paris Descartes Sorbonne Paris Cité; Paris France
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Mukai K, Tsai M, Starkl P, Marichal T, Galli SJ. IgE and mast cells in host defense against parasites and venoms. Semin Immunopathol 2016; 38:581-603. [PMID: 27225312 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-016-0565-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
IgE-dependent mast cell activation is a major effector mechanism underlying the pathology associated with allergic disorders. The most dramatic of these IgE-associated disorders is the fatal anaphylaxis which can occur in some people who have developed IgE antibodies to otherwise innocuous antigens, such as those contained in certain foods and medicines. Why would such a highly "maladaptive" immune response develop in evolution and be retained to the present day? Host defense against parasites has long been considered the only beneficial function that might be conferred by IgE and mast cells. However, recent studies have provided evidence that, in addition to participating in host resistance to certain parasites, mast cells and IgE are critical components of innate (mast cells) and adaptive (mast cells and IgE) immune responses that can enhance host defense against the toxicity of certain arthropod and animal venoms, including enhancing the survival of mice injected with such venoms. Yet, in some people, developing IgE antibodies to insect or snake venoms puts them at risk for having a potentially fatal anaphylactic reaction upon subsequent exposure to such venoms. Delineating the mechanisms underlying beneficial versus detrimental innate and adaptive immune responses associated with mast cell activation and IgE is likely to enhance our ability to identify potential therapeutic targets in such settings, not only for reducing the pathology associated with allergic disorders but perhaps also for enhancing immune protection against pathogens and animal venoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Mukai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA
| | - Mindy Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA
| | - Philipp Starkl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, and Department of Medicine I, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Marichal
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, GIGA-Research and Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - Stephen J Galli
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA.,Sean N. Parker Center for Allergy and Asthma Research, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5324, USA
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6
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Auclair SR, Roth KE, Saunders BL, Ogborn KM, Sheikh AA, Naples J, Young AMP, Boisen DK, Tavangar AT, Welch JE, Lantz CS. Interleukin-3-deficient mice have increased resistance to blood-stage malaria. Infect Immun 2014; 82:1308-14. [PMID: 24379292 PMCID: PMC3957999 DOI: 10.1128/iai.01140-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution of interleukin-3 (IL-3), a hematopoietic growth factor and immunoregulatory cytokine, to resistance to blood-stage malaria was investigated by infecting IL-3-deficient (knockout [KO]) mice with Plasmodium berghei NK65. Male IL-3 KO mice, but not female mice, were more resistant to infection than wild-type (WT) mice, as evidenced by lower peak parasitemia and prolonged survival. Both male and female IL-3 KO mice had increased splenomegaly and were more anemic than corresponding WT mice. Anemia was compensated for by an increase in bone marrow and splenic erythropoiesis in IL-3 KO mice, as evidenced by higher levels of erythroid progenitors. Plasma levels of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) and CXCL9 (monokine induced by IFN-γ [MIG]) were found to be significantly reduced in IL-3 KO mice during early stages of infection. In contrast, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) levels were significantly higher, and the percentage of peripheral blood neutrophils lower, in infected IL-3 KO mice than in WT counterparts. Overall, our results indicate that IL-3 plays a critical role in suppressing protective immunity to P. berghei NK65 infection and that it is involved in inhibiting the development of splenomegaly, anemia, and erythropoiesis. IL-3 also influences IFN-γ, CXCL9, and G-CSF production in response to infection. The abnormal responses seen in infected IL-3 KO mice may be due to the lack of IL-3 during development, to the lack of IL-3 in the infected mature mice, or to both.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Auclair
- Department of Biology, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia, USA
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Tsai M, Chen CC, Mukai K, Song CH, Thompson LJ, Ziegler SF, Tam SY, Galli SJ. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin contributes to myeloid hyperplasia and increased immunoglobulins, but not epidermal hyperplasia, in RabGEF1-deficient mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2010; 177:2411-20. [PMID: 20829437 DOI: 10.2353/ajpath.2010.100181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mice overexpressing the proallergic cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) in the skin develop a pathology resembling atopic dermatitis. RabGEF1, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for Rab5 GTPase, is a negative regulator of IgE-dependent mast cell activation, and Rabgef1-/- and TSLP transgenic mice share many similar phenotypic characteristics, including elevated serum IgE levels and severe skin inflammation, with infiltrates of both lymphocytes and eosinophils. We report here that Rabgef1-/- mice also develop splenomegaly, lymphadenopathy, myeloid hyperplasia, and high levels of TSLP. Rabgef1-/-TSLPR-/- mice, which lack TSLP/TSLP receptor (TSLPR) signaling, had levels of blood neutrophils, spleen myeloid cells, and serum IL-4, IgG1, and IgE levels that were significantly reduced compared with those in Rabgef1-/-TSLPR+/+ mice. However, Rabgef1-/-TSLPR-/- mice, like Rag1- or eosinophil-deficient Rabgef1-/- mice, developed cutaneous inflammation and epidermal hyperplasia. Therefore, in Rabgef1-/- mice, TSLP/TSLPR interactions are not required for the development of epidermal hyperplasia but contribute to the striking myeloid hyperplasia and overproduction of immunoglobulins observed in these animals. Our study shows that RabGEF1 can negatively regulate TSLP production in vivo and that excessive production of TSLP contributes to many of the phenotypic abnormalities in Rabgef1-/- mice. However, the marked epidermal hyperplasia, cutaneous inflammation, and increased numbers of dermal mast cells associated with RabGEF1 deficiency can develop via a TSLPR-independent pathway, as well as in the absence of Rag1 or eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mindy Tsai
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, L-235, 300 Pasteur Drive, Stanford, CA 94305-5324, USA.
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Machado ER, Carlos D, Lourenço EV, Sorgi CA, Silva EV, Ramos SG, Ueta MT, Aronoff DM, Faccioli LH. Counterregulation of Th2 immunity by interleukin 12 reduces host defenses against Strongyloides venezuelensis infection. Microbes Infect 2009; 11:571-8. [PMID: 19344783 DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 01/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/06/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the role of interleukin 12 (IL-12) during Strongyloides venezuelensis infection. IL-12(-/-) and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were subcutaneously infected with 1500 larvae of S. venezuelensis. On days 7, 14, and 21 post-infection, we determined eosinophil and mononuclear cell numbers in the blood and broncoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), Th2 cytokine secretion in the lung parenchyma, and serum antibody levels. The numbers of eggs in the feces and worm parasites in the duodena were also quantified. The eosinophil and mononuclear cell counts and the concentrations of IL-3, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, and IgG1 and IgE antibodies increased significantly in infected IL-12(-/-) and wild-type mice as compared with uninfected controls. However, the number of eosinophils and mononuclear cells in the blood and BALF and the Th2 cytokine levels in the lungs of infected IL-12(-/-) mice were greater than in infected wild-type C57BL/6 mice. In addition, serum IgE and IgG1 levels were also significantly enhanced in the infected mice lacking IL-12. Meanwhile, parasite burden and fecal egg counts were significantly decreased in infected IL-12(-/-) mice. Together, our results showed that the absence of IL-12 upregulates the Th2 immune response, which is important for control of S. venezuelensis infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleuza R Machado
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
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