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Derksen M, Feenstra M, Willuhn I, Denys D. The serotonergic system in obsessive-compulsive disorder. HANDBOOK OF BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64125-0.00044-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Manning EE, Dombrovski AY, Torregrossa MM, Ahmari SE. Impaired instrumental reversal learning is associated with increased medial prefrontal cortex activity in Sapap3 knockout mouse model of compulsive behavior. Neuropsychopharmacology 2019; 44:1494-1504. [PMID: 30587851 PMCID: PMC6785097 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-018-0307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Convergent functional neuroimaging findings implicate hyperactivity across the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and striatum in the neuropathology of obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). The impact of cortico-striatal circuit hyperactivity on executive functions subserved by these circuits is unclear, because impaired recruitment of PFC has also been observed in OCD patients during paradigms assessing cognitive flexibility. To investigate the relationship between cortico-striatal circuit disturbances and cognitive functioning relevant to OCD, Sapap3 knockout mice (KOs) and littermate controls were tested in an instrumental reversal-learning paradigm to assess cognitive flexibility. Cortical and striatal activation associated with reversal learning was assessed via quantitative analysis of expression of the immediate early gene cFos and generalized linear mixed-effects models. Sapap3-KOs displayed heterogeneous reversal-learning performance, with almost half (n = 13/28) failing to acquire the reversed contingency, while the other 15/28 had similar acquisition as controls. Notably, reversal impairments were not correlated with compulsive grooming severity. cFos analysis revealed that reversal performance declined as medial PFC (mPFC) activity increased in Sapap3-KOs. No such relationship was observed in controls. Our studies are among the first to describe cognitive impairments in a transgenic OCD-relevant model, and demonstrate pronounced heterogeneity among Sapap3-KOs. These findings suggest that increased neural activity in mPFC is associated with impaired reversal learning in Sapap3-KOs, providing a likely neural basis for this observed heterogeneity. The Sapap3-KO model is thus a useful tool for future mechanistic studies to determine how mPFC hyperactivity contributes to OCD-relevant cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth E Manning
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Alexandre Y Dombrovski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Mary M Torregrossa
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA
| | - Susanne E Ahmari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- Translational Neuroscience Program, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
- Center for Neural Basis of Cognition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15219, USA.
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Wu WL, Cheng SJ, Lin SH, Chuang YC, Huang EYK, Chen CC. The Effect of ASIC3 Knockout on Corticostriatal Circuit and Mouse Self-grooming Behavior. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:86. [PMID: 30930747 PMCID: PMC6424217 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Stereotypic and/or repetitive behavior is one of the major symptoms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Increase of self-grooming behavior is a behavioral phenotype commonly observed in the mouse models for ASD. Previously, we have shown that knockout of acid-sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) led to the increased self-grooming behavior in resident-intruder test. Given the facts that ASIC3 is mainly expressed in the peripheral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) and conditional knockout of ASIC3 in the proprioceptors induced proprioception deficits. We speculate a hypothesis that stereotypic phenotype related to ASD, pararalled with striatal dysfunction, might be caused by proprioception defect in the peripheral sensory neuron origin. Herein, we investigate in depth whether and how ASIC3 is involved in the regulation of self-grooming behavior. First, we observed that Asic3 null mutant mice exhibited increased self-grooming in social interaction during juvenile stage. Similarly, they displayed increased self-grooming behavior in a novel cage in the absence of cagemate. To further understand the mechanism by which ASIC3 affects grooming behavior, we analyzed neurochemical, neuropathological and electrophysiological features in the dorsal striatum of Asic3 null mutant mice. Knockout of Asic3 increased dopamine (DA) activity and phospho-ERK immunoreactivities in the dorsal striatum. Furthermore, we detected a lower paired-pulse ratio (PPR) and impaired long-term potentiation (LTP) in corticostriatal circuits in Asic3 null mutant mice as compared with wild-type (WT) littermates. Moreover, knockout of Asic3 altered the medial spiny neurons in the striatum with defects in presynaptic function and decrease of dendritic spines. Lastly, genetic ablation of Asic3 specifically in parvalbumin-positive (PV+) cells resulted in the increase of self-grooming behavior in mice. These findings suggest knockout of Asic3 in the PV+ neurons alters grooming behavior by co-opting corticostriatal circuits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Li Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.,Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States
| | - Sin-Jhong Cheng
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shing-Hong Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Dana Farber Cancer Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Yu-Chia Chuang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Chih-Cheng Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.,Taiwan Mouse Clinic-National Comprehensive Mouse Phenotyping and Drug Testing Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Uweru JO, Eyo UB. A decade of diverse microglial-neuronal physical interactions in the brain (2008-2018). Neurosci Lett 2019; 698:33-38. [PMID: 30625349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2019.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 12/29/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Microglia are unique cells of the central nervous system (CNS) with a distinct ontogeny and molecular profile. They are the predominant immune resident cell in the CNS. Recent studies have revealed a diversity of transient and terminal physical interactions between microglia and neurons in the vertebrate brain. In this review, we follow the historical trail of the discovery of these interactions, summarize their notable features, provide implications of these discoveries to CNS function, emphasize emerging themes along the way and peak into the future of what outstanding questions remain to move the field forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph O Uweru
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Ukpong B Eyo
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States; Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
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Anderson SR, Vetter ML. Developmental roles of microglia: A window into mechanisms of disease. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:98-117. [PMID: 30444278 PMCID: PMC6328295 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are engineers of the central nervous system (CNS) both in health and disease. In addition to the canonical immunological roles of clearing damaging entities and limiting the spread of toxicity and death, microglia remodel the CNS throughout life. While they have been extensively studied in disease and injury, due to their highly variable functions, their precise role in these contexts still remains uncertain. Over the past decade, we have greatly expanded our understanding of microglial function, including their essential homeostatic roles during development. Here, we review these developmental roles, identify parallels in disease, and speculate whether developmental mechanisms re-emerge in disease and injury. Developmental Dynamics 248:98-117, 2019. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Anderson
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
- Interdepartmental Program in Neuroscience, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Monica L Vetter
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah
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