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Raynaud P, Jugnarain V, Vaugrente O, Vallet A, Boulo T, Gauthier C, Inoue A, Sibille N, Gauthier C, Jean-Alphonse F, Reiter E, Crépieux P, Bruneau G. A single-domain intrabody targeting the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor impacts FSH-induced G protein-dependent signalling. FEBS Lett 2024; 598:220-232. [PMID: 37923554 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular variable fragments of heavy-chain antibody from camelids (intra-VHH) have been successfully used as chaperones to solve the 3D structure of active G protein-coupled receptors bound to their transducers. However, their effect on signalling has been poorly explored, although they may provide a better understanding of the relationships between receptor conformation and activity. Here, we isolated and characterized iPRC1, the first intra-VHH recognizing a member of the large glycoprotein hormone receptor family, the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR). This intra-VHH recognizes the FSHR third intracellular loop and decreases cAMP production in response to FSH, without altering Gαs recruitment. Hence, iPRC1 behaves as an allosteric modulator and provides a new tool to complete structure/activity studies performed thus far on this receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Raynaud
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Vinesh Jugnarain
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Océane Vaugrente
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Amandine Vallet
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Thomas Boulo
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Camille Gauthier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Nathalie Sibille
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), CNRS, University Montpellier, Inserm, France
| | - Christophe Gauthier
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Frédéric Jean-Alphonse
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
- Inria, Inria Saclay-Ile-de-France, Palaiseau, France
| | - Gilles Bruneau
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Equitation (IFCE), Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
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Jiang H, Galtes D, Wang J, Rockman HA. G protein-coupled receptor signaling: transducers and effectors. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C731-C748. [PMID: 35816644 PMCID: PMC9448338 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00210.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are of considerable interest due to their importance in a wide range of physiological functions and in a large number of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs as therapeutic entities. With continued study of their function and mechanism of action, there is a greater understanding of how effector molecules interact with a receptor to initiate downstream effector signaling. This review aims to explore the signaling pathways, dynamic structures, and physiological relevance in the cardiovascular system of the three most important GPCR signaling effectors: heterotrimeric G proteins, GPCR kinases (GRKs), and β-arrestins. We will first summarize their prominent roles in GPCR pharmacology before transitioning into less well-explored areas. As new technologies are developed and applied to studying GPCR structure and their downstream effectors, there is increasing appreciation for the elegance of the regulatory mechanisms that mediate intracellular signaling and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Daniella Galtes
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Jialu Wang
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Howard A Rockman
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Selective Signal Capture from Multidimensional GPCR Outputs with Biased Agonists: Progress Towards Novel Drug Development. Mol Diagn Ther 2022; 26:383-396. [PMID: 35595932 PMCID: PMC9276727 DOI: 10.1007/s40291-022-00592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
G protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are a superfamily of transmembrane-spanning receptors that are activated by multiple endogenous ligands and are the most common target for agonist or antagonist therapeutics across a broad spectrum of diseases. Initial characterization within the superfamily suggested that a receptor activated a single intracellular pathway, depending on the G protein to which it coupled. However, it has become apparent that a given receptor can activate multiple different pathways, some being therapeutically desirable, while others are neutral or promote deleterious signaling. The activation of pathways that limit effectiveness of a primary pathway or promote unwanted signals has led to abandonment of some GPCRs as drug targets. However, it is now recognized that the conformation of the receptor in its ligand-bound state can be altered by the structure of the agonist or antagonist to achieve pathway selectivity, a property termed biased signaling. Biased ligands could dramatically expand the number of novel drugs acting at GPCRs for new indications. However, the field struggles with the complexity and uncertainty of these structure-functions relationships. In this review we define the theoretical underpinnings of the biased effect, discuss the methods for measuring bias, and the pitfalls that can lead to incorrect assignments of bias. Using the recent elucidation of a β2-adrenergic receptor agonist that is biased in favor of Gs coupling over β-arrestin binding, we provide an example of how large libraries of compounds that are impartial to preconceived notions of agonist binding can be utilized to discover pathway-specific agonists. In this case, an agonist that lacks tachyphylaxis for the treatment of obstructive lung diseases was uncovered, with a structure that was distinctly different from other agonists. We show how biased characteristics were ascertained analytically, and how molecular modeling and simulations provide a structural basis for a restricted signaling repertoire.
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Reiter E. [β-arrestins, their mechanisms of action and multiple roles in the biology of G protein-coupled receptors]. Biol Aujourdhui 2022; 215:107-118. [PMID: 35275055 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2021010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The stimulation of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) induces biological responses to a wide range of extracellular cues. The heterotrimeric G proteins, which are recruited to the active conformation of GPCRs, lead to the generation of various diffusible second messengers. Only two other families of proteins exhibit the remarkable characteristic of recognizing and binding to the active conformation of most GPCRs: GPCR kinases (GRKs) and β-arrestins. These two families of proteins were initially identified as key players in the desensitization of G protein activation by GPCRs. Over the years, β-arrestins have been implicated in an increasing number of interactions with non-receptor proteins, expanding the range of cellular functions in which they are involved. It is now well established that β-arrestins, by scaffolding and recruiting protein complexes in an agonist-dependent manner, directly regulate the trafficking and signaling of GPCRs. Remarkable advances have been made in recent years which have made it possible i) to identify biased ligands capable, by stabilizing particular conformations of a growing number of GPCRs, of activating or blocking the action of β-arrestins independently of that of G proteins, some of these ligands holding great therapeutic interest; ii) to demonstrate β-arrestins' role in the compartmentalization of GPCR signaling within the cell, and iii) to understand the molecular details of their interaction with GPCRs and of their activation through structural and biophysical approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Reiter
- CNRS, IFCE, INRAE, Université de Tours, PRC, 37380 Nouzilly, France - Inria, Centre de recherche Inria Saclay-Île-de-France, 91120 Palaiseau, France
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5
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Tokmakova A, Kim D, Goddard WA, Liggett SB. Biased β-Agonists Favoring Gs over β-Arrestin for Individualized Treatment of Obstructive Lung Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030331. [PMID: 35330331 PMCID: PMC8955194 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Signals from G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the most frequently targeted pathways of currently prescribed therapeutics. Rather than being a simple switch, it is now evident that a given receptor can directly initiate multiple signals, and biasing to achieve signal selectivity based on agonist structure is possible. Biased agonists could direct therapeutically favorable pathways while avoiding counterproductive or adverse reaction pathways. For obstructive lung diseases, β2-adrenergic receptor (β2AR) agonists act at these receptors on airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells to open the airways by relaxing ASM, improving airflow and morbidity. However, these receptors signal to the G protein Gs (increasing cAMP and promoting relaxation), but also to β-arrestin (promoting desensitization and a loss of effectiveness). Indeed, β-agonist use is associated with adverse events in asthma pathogenesis and clinical outcomes which are related to desensitization. β-agonists favoring Gs coupling over β-arrestin binding would provide a means of tailoring bronchodilator therapy. In this review, we show how combinatorial methods with a 40 million compound agnostic library led to a new class of biased β-agonists that do not desensitize, providing an opportunity to personalize therapy in patients who experience poor efficacy or adverse effects from traditional balanced agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Tokmakova
- Program in Biophysics, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94102, USA;
| | - Donghwa Kim
- Department of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Center for Personized Medicine and Genomics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - William A. Goddard
- Materials and Process Simulation Center, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA;
| | - Stephen B. Liggett
- Department of Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Center for Personized Medicine and Genomics, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology and Department of Medical Engineering, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-813-974-7715
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6
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Drube J, Haider RS, Matthees ESF, Reichel M, Zeiner J, Fritzwanker S, Ziegler C, Barz S, Klement L, Filor J, Weitzel V, Kliewer A, Miess-Tanneberg E, Kostenis E, Schulz S, Hoffmann C. GPCR kinase knockout cells reveal the impact of individual GRKs on arrestin binding and GPCR regulation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:540. [PMID: 35087057 PMCID: PMC8795447 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28152-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activate G proteins and undergo a complex regulation by interaction with GPCR kinases (GRKs) and the formation of receptor-arrestin complexes. However, the impact of individual GRKs on arrestin binding is not clear. We report the creation of eleven combinatorial HEK293 knockout cell clones lacking GRK2/3/5/6, including single, double, triple and the quadruple GRK knockout. Analysis of β-arrestin1/2 interactions for twelve GPCRs in our GRK knockout cells enables the differentiation of two main receptor subsets: GRK2/3-regulated and GRK2/3/5/6-regulated receptors. Furthermore, we identify GPCRs that interact with β-arrestins via the overexpression of specific GRKs even in the absence of agonists. Finally, using GRK knockout cells, PKC inhibitors and β-arrestin mutants, we present evidence for differential receptor-β-arrestin1/2 complex configurations mediated by selective engagement of kinases. We anticipate our GRK knockout platform to facilitate the elucidation of previously unappreciated details of GRK-specific GPCR regulation and β-arrestin complex formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Drube
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - R S Haider
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - E S F Matthees
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - M Reichel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - J Zeiner
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Fritzwanker
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Drackendorfer Straße 1, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - C Ziegler
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - S Barz
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - L Klement
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - J Filor
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - V Weitzel
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany
| | - A Kliewer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Drackendorfer Straße 1, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - E Miess-Tanneberg
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Drackendorfer Straße 1, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - E Kostenis
- Molecular, Cellular and Pharmacobiology Section, Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Nussallee 6, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - S Schulz
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Drackendorfer Straße 1, D-07747, Jena, Germany
| | - C Hoffmann
- Institut für Molekulare Zellbiologie, CMB - Center for Molecular Biomedicine, Universitätsklinikum Jena, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, Hans-Knöll-Straße 2, D-07745, Jena, Germany.
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Identification and characterization of an atypical Gαs-biased β 2AR agonist that fails to evoke airway smooth muscle cell tachyphylaxis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2026668118. [PMID: 34857633 PMCID: PMC8670521 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2026668118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought β2AR agonists for treating obstructive lung diseases such as asthma, in which this receptor relaxes airway smooth muscle (ASM) cells and opens airways. Agonists favoring Gs coupling (leads to airway relaxation) compared with activating β-arrestin (limits effectiveness due to receptor desensitization) were pursued in a 40-million-compound screening library. Of several agonists identified, one was apparently biased away from β-arrestin. Agonist–receptor–G protein modeling revealed different receptor interactions compared with other agonists. The favorable effects of the apparent biasing with this agonist were demonstrated in a physiologic system (ASM relaxation). These studies point to a different structural class of β-agonists that might be used to treat obstructive lung diseases without the adverse effects associated with tachyphylaxis. G protein–coupled receptors display multifunctional signaling, offering the potential for agonist structures to promote conformational selectivity for biased outputs. For β2-adrenergic receptors (β2AR), unbiased agonists stabilize conformation(s) that evoke coupling to Gαs (cyclic adenosine monophosphate [cAMP] production/human airway smooth muscle [HASM] cell relaxation) and β-arrestin engagement, the latter acting to quench Gαs signaling, contributing to receptor desensitization/tachyphylaxis. We screened a 40-million-compound scaffold ranking library, revealing unanticipated agonists with dihydroimidazolyl-butyl-cyclic urea scaffolds. The S-stereoisomer of compound C1 shows no detectable β-arrestin engagement/signaling by four methods. However, C1-S retained Gαs signaling—a divergence of the outputs favorable for treating asthma. Functional studies with two models confirmed the biasing: β2AR-mediated cAMP signaling underwent desensitization to the unbiased agonist albuterol but not to C1-S, and desensitization of HASM cell relaxation was observed with albuterol but not with C1-S. These HASM results indicate biologically pertinent biasing of C1-S, in the context of the relevant physiologic response, in the human cell type of interest. Thus, C1-S was apparently strongly biased away from β-arrestin, in contrast to albuterol and C5-S. C1-S structural modeling and simulations revealed binding differences compared with unbiased epinephrine at transmembrane (TM) segments 3,5,6,7 and ECL2. C1-S (R2 = cyclohexane) was repositioned in the pocket such that it lost a TM6 interaction and gained a TM7 interaction compared with the analogous unbiased C5-S (R2 = benzene group), which appears to contribute to C1-S biasing away from β-arrestin. Thus, an agnostic large chemical-space library identified agonists with receptor interactions that resulted in relevant signal splitting of β2AR actions favorable for treating obstructive lung disease.
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8
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An Insight into GPCR and G-Proteins as Cancer Drivers. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123288. [PMID: 34943797 PMCID: PMC8699078 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of cell surface signaling receptors known to play a crucial role in various physiological functions, including tumor growth and metastasis. Various molecules such as hormones, lipids, peptides, and neurotransmitters activate GPCRs that enable the coupling of these receptors to highly specialized transducer proteins, called G-proteins, and initiate multiple signaling pathways. Integration of these intricate networks of signaling cascades leads to numerous biochemical responses involved in diverse pathophysiological activities, including cancer development. While several studies indicate the role of GPCRs in controlling various aspects of cancer progression such as tumor growth, invasion, migration, survival, and metastasis through its aberrant overexpression, mutations, or increased release of agonists, the explicit mechanisms of the involvement of GPCRs in cancer progression is still puzzling. This review provides an insight into the various responses mediated by GPCRs in the development of cancers, the molecular mechanisms involved and the novel pharmacological approaches currently preferred for the treatment of cancer. Thus, these findings extend the knowledge of GPCRs in cancer cells and help in the identification of therapeutics for cancer patients.
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9
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Zariñán T, Mayorga J, Jardón-Valadez E, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Maravillas-Montero JL, Mejía-Domínguez NR, Martínez-Luis I, Yacini-Torres OG, Cravioto MDC, Reiter E, Ulloa-Aguirre A. A Novel Mutation in the FSH Receptor (I423T) Affecting Receptor Activation and Leading to Primary Ovarian Failure. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e534-e550. [PMID: 33119067 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays an essential role in gonadal function. Loss-of-function mutations in the follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) are an infrequent cause of primary ovarian failure. OBJECTIVE To analyze the molecular physiopathogenesis of a novel mutation in the FSHR identified in a woman with primary ovarian failure, employing in vitro and in silico approaches, and to compare the features of this dysfunctional receptor with those shown by the trafficking-defective D408Y FSHR mutant. METHODS Sanger sequencing of the FSHR cDNA was applied to identify the novel mutation. FSH-stimulated cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) production, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and desensitization were tested in HEK293 cells. Receptor expression was analyzed by immunoblotting, receptor-binding assays, and flow cytometry. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to determine the in silico behavior of the mutant FSHRs. RESULTS A novel missense mutation (I423T) in the second transmembrane domain of the FSHR was identified in a woman with normal pubertal development but primary amenorrhea. The I423T mutation slightly impaired plasma membrane expression of the mature form of the receptor and severely impacted on cAMP/protein kinase A signaling but much less on β-arrestin-dependent ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Meanwhile, the D408Y mutation severely affected membrane expression, with most of the FSH receptor located intracellularly, and both signal readouts tested. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed important functional disruptions in both mutant FSHRs, mainly the loss of interhelical connectivity in the D408Y FSHR. CONCLUSIONS Concurrently, these data indicate that conformational differences during the inactive and active states account for the distinct expression levels, differential signaling, and phenotypic expression of the I423T and D408Y mutant FSHRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Julio Mayorga
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eduardo Jardón-Valadez
- Departamento de Recursos de la Tierra, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Unidad Lerma, Lerma, Edo. de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy R Mejía-Domínguez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Martínez-Luis
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Omar G Yacini-Torres
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ma-Del-Carmen Cravioto
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eric Reiter
- Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC), Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Tours, Tours, France
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, National University of Mexico-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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Zariñán T, Butnev VY, Gutiérrez-Sagal R, Maravillas-Montero JL, Martínez-Luis I, Mejía-Domínguez NR, Juárez-Vega G, Bousfield GR, Ulloa-Aguirre A. In Vitro Impact of FSH Glycosylation Variants on FSH Receptor-stimulated Signal Transduction and Functional Selectivity. J Endocr Soc 2020; 4:bvaa019. [PMID: 32342021 PMCID: PMC7175721 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
FSH exists as different glycoforms that differ in glycosylation of the hormone-specific β-subunit. Tetra-glycosylated FSH (FSH24) and hypo-glycosylated FSH (FSH18/21) are the most abundant glycoforms found in humans. Employing distinct readouts in HEK293 cells expressing the FSH receptor, we compared signaling triggered by human pituitary FSH preparations (FSH18/21 and FSH24) as well as by equine FSH (eFSH), and human recombinant FSH (recFSH), each exhibiting distinct glycosylation patterns. The potency in eliciting cAMP production was greater for eFSH than for FSH18/21, FSH24, and recFSH, whereas in the ERK1/2 activation readout, potency was highest for FSH18/21 followed by eFSH, recFSH, and FSH24. In β-arrestin1/2 CRISPR/Cas9 HEK293-KO cells, FSH18/21 exhibited a preference toward β-arrestin-mediated ERK1/2 activation as revealed by a drastic decrease in pERK during the first 15-minute exposure to this glycoform. Exposure of β-arrestin1/2 KO cells to H89 additionally decreased pERK1/2, albeit to a significantly lower extent in response to FSH18/21. Concurrent silencing of β-arrestin and PKA signaling, incompletely suppressed pERK response to FSH glycoforms, suggesting that pathways other than those dependent on Gs-protein and β-arrestins also contribute to FSH-stimulated pERK1/2. All FSH glycoforms stimulated intracellular Ca2+ (iCa2+) accumulation through both influx from Ca2+ channels and release from intracellular stores; however, iCa2+ in response to FSH18/21 depended more on the latter, suggesting differences in mechanisms through which glycoforms promote iCa2+ accumulation. These data indicate that FSH glycosylation plays an important role in defining not only the intensity but also the functional selectivity for the mechanisms leading to activation of distinct signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Zariñán
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Viktor Y Butnev
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Rubén Gutiérrez-Sagal
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Luis Maravillas-Montero
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Iván Martínez-Luis
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Nancy R Mejía-Domínguez
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Juárez-Vega
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - George R Bousfield
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas, USA
| | - Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación (RAI), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM)-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
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11
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Follicle-stimulating Hormone (FSH) Action on Spermatogenesis: A Focus on Physiological and Therapeutic Roles. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041014. [PMID: 32260182 PMCID: PMC7230878 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human reproduction is regulated by the combined action of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and the luteinizing hormone (LH) on the gonads. Although FSH is largely used in female reproduction, in particular in women attending assisted reproductive techniques to stimulate multi-follicular growth, its efficacy in men with idiopathic infertility is not clearly demonstrated. Indeed, whether FSH administration improves fertility in patients with hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, the therapeutic benefit in men presenting alterations in sperm production despite normal FSH serum levels is still unclear. In the present review, we evaluate the potential pharmacological benefits of FSH administration in clinical practice. METHODS This is a narrative review, describing the FSH physiological role in spermatogenesis and its potential therapeutic action in men. RESULTS The FSH role on male fertility is reviewed starting from the physiological control of spermatogenesis, throughout its mechanism of action in Sertoli cells, the genetic regulation of its action on spermatogenesis, until the therapeutic options available to improve sperm production. CONCLUSION FSH administration in infertile men has potential benefits, although its action should be considered by evaluating its synergic action with testosterone, and well-controlled, powerful trials are required. Prospective studies and new compounds could be developed in the near future.
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12
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Verweij EWE, Al Araaj B, Prabhata WR, Prihandoko R, Nijmeijer S, Tobin AB, Leurs R, Vischer HF. Differential Role of Serines and Threonines in Intracellular Loop 3 and C-Terminal Tail of the Histamine H 4 Receptor in β-Arrestin and G Protein-Coupled Receptor Kinase Interaction, Internalization, and Signaling. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2020; 3:321-333. [PMID: 32296771 PMCID: PMC7155198 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The histamine H4 receptor (H4R) activates Gαi-mediated signaling and recruits β-arrestin2 upon stimulation with histamine. β-Arrestins play a regulatory role in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) signaling by interacting with phosphorylated serine and threonine residues in the GPCR C-terminal tail and intracellular loop 3, resulting in receptor desensitization and internalization. Using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based biosensors, we show that G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRK) 2 and 3 are more quickly recruited to the H4R than β-arrestin1 and 2 upon agonist stimulation, whereas receptor internalization dynamics toward early endosomes was slower. Alanine-substitution revealed that a serine cluster at the distal end of the H4R C-terminal tail is essential for the recruitment of β-arrestin1/2, and consequently, receptor internalization and desensitization of G protein-driven extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 phosphorylation and label-free cellular impedance. In contrast, alanine substitution of serines and threonines in the intracellular loop 3 of the H4R did not affect β-arrestin2 recruitment and receptor desensitization, but reduced β-arrestin1 recruitment and internalization. Hence, β-arrestin recruitment to H4R requires the putative phosphorylated serine cluster in the H4R C-terminal tail, whereas putative phosphosites in the intracellular loop 3 have different effects on β-arrestin1 versus β-arrestin2. Mutation of these putative phosphosites in either intracellular loop 3 or the C-terminal tail did not affect the histamine-induced recruitment of GRK2 and GRK3 but does change the interaction of H4R with GRK5 and GRK6, respectively. Identification of H4R interactions with these proteins is a first step in the understanding how this receptor might be dysregulated in pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eléonore W E Verweij
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Betty Al Araaj
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wimzy R Prabhata
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi Prihandoko
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Saskia Nijmeijer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andrew B Tobin
- Centre for Translational Pharmacology, Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Rob Leurs
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Henry F Vischer
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems, Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Miningou N, Blackwell KT. The road to ERK activation: Do neurons take alternate routes? Cell Signal 2020; 68:109541. [PMID: 31945453 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The ERK cascade is a central signaling pathway that regulates a wide variety of cellular processes including proliferation, differentiation, learning and memory, development, and synaptic plasticity. A wide range of inputs travel from the membrane through different signaling pathway routes to reach activation of one set of output kinases, ERK1&2. The classical ERK activation pathway beings with growth factor activation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Numerous G-protein coupled receptors and ionotropic receptors also lead to ERK through increases in the second messengers calcium and cAMP. Though both types of pathways are present in diverse cell types, a key difference is that most stimuli to neurons, e.g. synaptic inputs, are transient, on the order of milliseconds to seconds, whereas many stimuli acting on non-neural tissue, e.g. growth factors, are longer duration. The ability to consolidate these inputs to regulate the activation of ERK in response to diverse signals raises the question of which factors influence the difference in ERK activation pathways. This review presents both experimental studies and computational models aimed at understanding the control of ERK activation and whether there are fundamental differences between neurons and other cells. Our main conclusion is that differences between cell types are quite subtle, often related to differences in expression pattern and quantity of some molecules such as Raf isoforms. In addition, the spatial location of ERK is critical, with regulation by scaffolding proteins producing differences due to colocalization of upstream molecules that may differ between neurons and other cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadiatou Miningou
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States of America
| | - Kim T Blackwell
- Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience and Bioengineering Department, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, United States of America.
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14
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Bagnato A, Rosanò L. New Routes in GPCR/β-Arrestin-Driven Signaling in Cancer Progression and Metastasis. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:114. [PMID: 30837880 PMCID: PMC6390811 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells acquire invasive and metastatic behavior by sensing changes in the localization and activation of signaling pathways, which in turn determine changes in actin cytoskeleton. The core-scaffold machinery associated to β-arrestin (β-arr) is a key mechanism of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) to achieve spatiotemporal specificity of different signaling complexes driving cancer progression. Within different cellular contexts, the scaffold proteins β-arr1 or β-arr2 may now be considered organizers of protein interaction networks involved in tumor development and metastatic dissemination. Studies have uncovered the importance of the β-arr engagement with a growing number of receptors, signaling molecules, cytoskeleton regulators, epigenetic modifiers, and transcription factors in GPCR-driven tumor promoting pathways. In many of these molecular complexes, β-arrs might provide a physical link to active dynamic cytoskeleton, permitting cancer cells to adapt and modify the tumor microenvironment to promote the metastatic spread. Given the complexity and the multidirectional β-arr-driven signaling in cancer cells, therapeutic targeting of specific GPCR/β-arr molecular mechanisms is an important avenue to explore when considering future new therapeutic options. The focus of this review is to integrate the most recent developments and exciting findings of how highly connected components of β-arr-guided molecular connections to other pathways allow precise control over multiple signaling pathways in tumor progression, revealing ways of therapeutically targeting the convergent signals in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bagnato
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Rosanò
- Unit of Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents, IRCCS-Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
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15
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Landomiel F, De Pascali F, Raynaud P, Jean-Alphonse F, Yvinec R, Pellissier LP, Bozon V, Bruneau G, Crépieux P, Poupon A, Reiter E. Biased Signaling and Allosteric Modulation at the FSHR. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2019; 10:148. [PMID: 30930853 PMCID: PMC6425863 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2019.00148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Knowledge on G protein-coupled receptor (GPCRs) structure and mechanism of activation has profoundly evolved over the past years. The way drugs targeting this family of receptors are discovered and used has also changed. Ligands appear to bind a growing number of GPCRs in a competitive or allosteric manner to elicit balanced signaling or biased signaling (i.e., differential efficacy in activating or inhibiting selective signaling pathway(s) compared to the reference ligand). These novel concepts and developments transform our understanding of the follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) receptor (FSHR) biology and the way it could be pharmacologically modulated in the future. The FSHR is expressed in somatic cells of the gonads and plays a major role in reproduction. When compared to classical GPCRs, the FSHR exhibits intrinsic peculiarities, such as a very large NH2-terminal extracellular domain that binds a naturally heterogeneous, large heterodimeric glycoprotein, namely FSH. Once activated, the FSHR couples to Gαs and, in some instances, to other Gα subunits. G protein-coupled receptor kinases and β-arrestins are also recruited to this receptor and account for its desensitization, trafficking, and intracellular signaling. Different classes of pharmacological tools capable of biasing FSHR signaling have been reported and open promising prospects both in basic research and for therapeutic applications. Here we provide an updated review of the most salient peculiarities of FSHR signaling and its selective modulation.
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16
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Ulloa-Aguirre A, Reiter E, Crépieux P. FSH Receptor Signaling: Complexity of Interactions and Signal Diversity. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3020-3035. [PMID: 29982321 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
FSH is synthesized in the pituitary by gonadotrope cells. By binding to and interacting with its cognate receptor [FSH receptor (FSHR)] in the gonads, this gonadotropin plays a key role in the control of gonadal function and reproduction. Upon activation, the FSHR undergoes conformational changes leading to transduction of intracellular signals, including dissociation of G protein complexes into components and activation of several associated interacting partners, which concertedly regulate downstream effectors. The canonical Gs/cAMP/protein kinase A pathway, considered for a long time as the sole effector of FSHR-mediated signaling, is now viewed as one of several mechanisms employed by this receptor to transduce intracellular signals in response to the FSH stimulus. This complex network of signaling pathways allows for a fine-tuning regulation of the gonadotropic stimulus, where activation/inhibition of its multiple components vary depending on the cell context, cell developmental stage, and concentration of associated receptors and corresponding ligands. Activation of these multiple signaling modules eventually converge to the hormone-integrated biological response, including survival, proliferation and differentiation of target cells, synthesis and secretion of paracrine/autocrine regulators, and, at the molecular level, functional selectivity and differential gene expression. In this mini-review, we discuss the complexity of FSHR-mediated intracellular signals activated in response to ligand stimulation. A better understanding of the signaling pathways involved in FSH action might potentially influence the development of new therapeutic strategies for reproductive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfredo Ulloa-Aguirre
- Red de Apoyo a la Investigación, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México-Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Eric Reiter
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Nouzilly, France
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Nouzilly, France
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17
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Rouhimoghadam M, Safarian S, Carroll JS, Sheibani N, Bidkhori G. Tamoxifen-Induced Apoptosis of MCF-7 Cells via GPR30/PI3K/MAPKs Interactions: Verification by ODE Modeling and RNA Sequencing. Front Physiol 2018; 9:907. [PMID: 30050469 PMCID: PMC6050429 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) is one of the most widely used and effective therapeutic agent for breast cancer. It benefits nearly 75% of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer that receive this drug. Its effectiveness is mainly attributed to its capacity to function as an ER antagonist, blocking estrogen binding sites on the receptor, and inhibiting the proliferative action of the receptor-hormone complex. Although, tamoxifen can induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells via upregulation of pro-apoptotic factors, it can also promote uterine hyperplasia in some women. Thus, tamoxifen as a multi-functional drug could have different effects on cells based on the utilization of effective concentrations or availability of specific co-factors. Evidence that tamoxifen functions as a GPR30 (G-Protein Coupled Receptor 30) agonist activating adenylyl cyclase and EGFR (Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor) intracellular signaling networks, provides yet another means of explaining the multi-functionality of tamoxifen. Here ordinary differential equation (ODE) modeling, RNA sequencing and real time qPCR analysis were utilized to establish the necessary data for gene network mapping of tamoxifen-stimulated MCF-7 cells, which express the endogenous ER and GPR30. The gene set enrichment analysis and pathway analysis approaches were used to categorize transcriptionally upregulated genes in biological processes. Of the 2,713 genes that were significantly upregulated following a 48 h incubation with 250 μM tamoxifen, most were categorized as either growth-related or pro-apoptotic intermediates that fit into the Tp53 and/or MAPK signaling pathways. Collectively, our results display that the effects of tamoxifen on the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line are mediated by the activation of important signaling pathways including Tp53 and MAPKs to induce apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Rouhimoghadam
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Safarian
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jason S. Carroll
- Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Nader Sheibani
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Biomedical Engineering, and Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Gholamreza Bidkhori
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
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18
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Abstract
Gonadotropin receptors include the follicle stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) and the luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor (LHCGR), both belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily and are essential to reproduction. FSHR is activated by follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) while LHCGR is activated by either luteinizing hormone (LH) or choriogonadotropin (CG). Upon ligand binding, gonadotropin receptors undergo conformational changes that lead to the activation of the heterotrimeric G protein, resulting in the production of different second messengers. Gonadotropin receptors can also recruit and bind β-arrestins. This particular class of scaffold proteins were initially identified to mediate GPCRs desensitization and recycling, but it is now well established that β-arrestins can also initiate Gs-independent signaling by assembling signaling modules. Furthermore, new advances in structural biology and biophysical techniques have revealed novel activation mechanisms allowing β-arrestins and G proteins to control signaling in time and space. The ability of different ligands to preferentially elicit G- or β-arrestin-mediated signaling is known as functional selectivity or biased signaling. This new concept has switched the view of pharmacology efficacy from monodimensional to multidimensional. Biased signaling offers the possibility to separate therapeutic benefits of a drug from its adverse effects. The proof of concept that gonadotropin receptors can be subjected to biased signaling is now established. The challenge will now be the design of molecules that can specifically activate beneficial signaling pathway at gonadotropin receptors while reducing or abolishing those leading to side effects. Such strategy could for instance lead to improved treatments for infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eric Reiter
- PCR, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France -
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19
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Riccetti L, Klett D, Ayoub MA, Boulo T, Pignatti E, Tagliavini S, Varani M, Trenti T, Nicoli A, Capodanno F, La Sala GB, Reiter E, Simoni M, Casarini L. Heterogeneous hCG and hMG commercial preparations result in different intracellular signalling but induce a similar long-term progesterone response in vitro. Mol Hum Reprod 2018; 23:685-697. [PMID: 29044421 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gax047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are four urinary hCG/menotropin (hMG) and one recombinant preparation characterized by different molecular features and do they mediate specific intracellular signaling and steroidogenesis? SUMMARY ANSWER hCG and hMG preparations have heterogeneous compositions and mediate preparation-specific cell signaling and early steroidogenesis, although similar progesterone plateau levels are achieved in 24 h-treated human primary granulosa cells in vitro. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY hCG is the pregnancy hormone marketed as a drug for ARTs to induce final oocyte maturation and ovulation, and to support FSH action. Several hCG formulations are commercially available, differing in source, purification methods and biochemical composition. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Commercial hCG preparations for ART or research purposes were compared in vitro. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The different preparations were quantified by immunoassay with calibration against the hCG standard (Fifth IS; NIBSC 07/364). Immunoreactivity patterns, isoelectric points and oligosaccharide contents of hCGs were evaluated using reducing and non-reducing Western blotting, capillary isoelectric-focusing immunoassay and lectin-ELISA, respectively. Functional studies were performed in order to evaluate intracellular and total cAMP, progesterone production and β-arrestin 2 recruitment by ELISA and BRET, in both human primary granulosa lutein cells (hGLC) and luteinizing hormone (LH)/hCG receptor (LHCGR)-transfected HEK293 cells, stimulated by increasing hormone concentrations. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni post-test or Mann-Whitney's U-test as appropriate. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Heterogeneous profiles were found among preparations, revealing specific molecular weight patterns (20-75 KDa range), isoelectric points (4.0-9.0 pI range) and lectin binding (P < 0.05; n = 7-10). These drug-specific compositions were linked to different potencies on cAMP production (EC50 1.0-400.0 ng/ml range) and β-arrestin 2 recruitment (EC50 0.03-2.0 μg/ml) in hGLC and transfected HEK293 cells (P < 0.05; n = 3-5). In hGLC, these differences were reflected by preparation-specific 8-h progesterone production although similar plateau levels of progesterone were acheived by 24-h treatment (P ≥ 0.05; n = 3). LARGE SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The biological activity of commercial hCG/hMG preparations is provided in International Units (IU) by in-vivo bioassay and calibration against an International Standard, although it is an unsuitable unit of measure for in-vitro studies. The re-calibration against recombinant hCG,quantified in grams, is based on the assumption that all of the isoforms and glycosylation variants have similar immunoreactivity. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS hCG/hMG preparation-specific cell responses in vitro may be proposed to ART patients affected by peculiar ovarian response, such as that caused by polycystic ovary syndrome. Otherwise, all the preparations available for ART may provide a similar clinical outcome in healthy women. STUDY FUNDING AND COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by a grant of the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (PRIN 2015XCR88M). The authors have no conflict of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Riccetti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Danièle Klett
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
- LE STUDIUM® Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, F-45000 Orléans, France
- Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thomas Boulo
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Elisa Pignatti
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
| | - Simonetta Tagliavini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL, NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Manuela Varani
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL, NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Trenti
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathological Anatomy, Azienda USL, NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Alessia Nicoli
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, via Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Francesco Capodanno
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, via Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Battista La Sala
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS-Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, via Risorgimento 80, 42123 Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124 Modena, Italy
| | - Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, Metabolism and Geriatrics, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Modena, NOCSAE, Via P. Giardini 1355, 41126 Modena, Italy
| | - Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
- Center for Genomic Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via G. Campi 287, 41125 Modena, Italy
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20
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Teoh JP, Bayoumi AS, Aonuma T, Xu Y, Johnson JA, Su H, Weintraub NL, Tang Y, Kim IM. β-arrestin-biased agonism of β-adrenergic receptor regulates Dicer-mediated microRNA maturation to promote cardioprotective signaling. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2018; 118:225-236. [PMID: 29627294 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, non-coding RNAs that function to post-transcriptionally regulate target genes. First transcribed as primary miR transcripts (pri-miRs), they are enzymatically processed by Drosha into premature miRs (pre-miRs) and further cleaved by Dicer into mature miRs. Initially discovered to desensitize β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) signaling, β-arrestins are now well-appreciated to modulate multiple pathways independent of G protein signaling, a concept known as biased signaling. Using the β-arrestin-biased βAR ligand carvedilol, we previously showed that β-arrestin1 (not β-arrestin2)-biased β1AR (not β2AR) cardioprotective signaling stimulates Drosha-mediated processing of six miRs by forming a multi-protein nuclear complex, which includes β-arrestin1, the Drosha microprocessor complex and a single-stranded RNA binding protein hnRNPA1. OBJECTIVE Here, we investigate whether β-arrestin-mediated βAR signaling induced by carvedilol could regulate Dicer-mediated miR maturation in the cytoplasm and whether this novel mechanism promotes cardioprotective signaling. METHODS AND RESULTS In mouse hearts, carvedilol indeed upregulates three mature miRs, but not their pre-miRs and pri-miRs, in a β-arrestin 1- or 2-dependent manner. Interestingly, carvedilol-mediated activation of miR-466g or miR-532-5p, and miR-674 is dependent on β2ARs and β1ARs, respectively. Mechanistically, β-arrestin 1 or 2 regulates maturation of three newly identified βAR/β-arrestin-responsive miRs (β-miRs) by associating with the Dicer maturation RNase III enzyme on three pre-miRs of β-miRs. Myocardial cell approaches uncover that despite their distinct roles in different cell types, β-miRs act as gatekeepers of cardiac cell functions by repressing deleterious targets. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a novel role for βAR-mediated β-arrestin signaling activated by carvedilol in Dicer-mediated miR maturation, which may be linked to its protective mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Peng Teoh
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Ahmed S Bayoumi
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Tatsuya Aonuma
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yanyan Xu
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - John A Johnson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Huabo Su
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Neal L Weintraub
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Yaoliang Tang
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Medicine, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Il-Man Kim
- Vascular Biology Center, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
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21
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Yu S, Sun L, Jiao Y, Lee LTO. The Role of G Protein-coupled Receptor Kinases in Cancer. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:189-203. [PMID: 29483837 PMCID: PMC5821040 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.22896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest family of plasma membrane receptors. Emerging evidence demonstrates that signaling through GPCRs affects numerous aspects of cancer biology such as vascular remolding, invasion, and migration. Therefore, development of GPCR-targeted drugs could provide a new therapeutic strategy to treating a variety of cancers. G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) modulate GPCR signaling by interacting with the ligand-activated GPCR and phosphorylating its intracellular domain. This phosphorylation initiates receptor desensitization and internalization, which inhibits downstream signaling pathways related to cancer progression. GRKs can also regulate non-GPCR substrates, resulting in the modulation of a different set of pathophysiological pathways. In this review, we will discuss the role of GRKs in modulating cell signaling and cancer progression, as well as the therapeutic potential of targeting GRKs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Yu
- Centre of Reproduction Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
| | - Litao Sun
- Department of Ultrasound, The Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yufei Jiao
- Department of Pathology, The Secondary Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Leo Tsz On Lee
- Centre of Reproduction Development and Aging, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Taipa, Macau
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22
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Tréfier A, Musnier A, Landomiel F, Bourquard T, Boulo T, Ayoub MA, León K, Bruneau G, Chevalier M, Durand G, Blache MC, Inoue A, Fontaine J, Gauthier C, Tesseraud S, Reiter E, Poupon A, Crépieux P. G protein-dependent signaling triggers a β-arrestin-scaffolded p70S6K/ rpS6 module that controls 5'TOP mRNA translation. FASEB J 2018; 32:1154-1169. [PMID: 29084767 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700763r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Many interaction partners of β-arrestins intervene in the control of mRNA translation. However, how β-arrestins regulate this cellular process has been poorly explored. In this study, we show that β-arrestins constitutively assemble a p70S6K/ribosomal protein S6 (rpS6) complex in HEK293 cells and in primary Sertoli cells of the testis. We demonstrate that this interaction is direct, and experimentally validate the interaction interface between β-arrestin 1 and p70S6K predicted by our docking algorithm. Like most GPCRs, the biological function of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR) is transduced by G proteins and β-arrestins. Upon follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation, activation of G protein-dependent signaling enhances p70S6K activity within the β-arrestin/p70S6K/rpS6 preassembled complex, which is not recruited to the FSHR. In agreement, FSH-induced rpS6 phosphorylation within the β-arrestin scaffold was decreased in cells depleted of Gαs. Integration of the cooperative action of β-arrestin and G proteins led to the translation of 5' oligopyrimidine track mRNA with high efficacy within minutes of FSH input. Hence, this work highlights new relationships between G proteins and β-arrestins when acting cooperatively on a common signaling pathway, contrasting with their previously shown parallel action on the ERK MAP kinase pathway. In addition, this study provides insights into how GPCR can exert trophic effects in the cell.-Tréfier, A., Musnier, A., Landomiel, F., Bourquard, T., Boulo, T., Ayoub, M. A., León, K., Bruneau, G., Chevalier, M., Durand, G., Blache, M.-C., Inoue, A., Fontaine, J., Gauthier, C., Tesseraud, S., Reiter, E., Poupon, A., Crépieux, P. G protein-dependent signaling triggers a β-arrestin-scaffolded p70S6K/ rpS6 module that controls 5'TOP mRNA translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélie Tréfier
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Astrid Musnier
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Flavie Landomiel
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Thomas Bourquard
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Thomas Boulo
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France.,Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kelly León
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Gilles Bruneau
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Manon Chevalier
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Guillaume Durand
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Marie-Claire Blache
- Plateau d'Imagerie Cellulaire (PIC), Unité Mixte de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Asuka Inoue
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; and
| | - Joël Fontaine
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Christophe Gauthier
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Sophie Tesseraud
- Metabolism of Birds, Quality and Adaptation (MOQA) Group, Unité de Recherches 83, Unité de Recherches Avicoles, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS) Group, Unité Mixtes de Recherche 85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Nouzilly, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Mixte de Recherche 7247, Nouzilly, France.,Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.,Institut Français du Cheval et de l'Équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
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23
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Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Receptor: Advances and Remaining Challenges. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2018; 338:1-58. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2018.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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24
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Wang ZQ, He CY, Hu L, Shi HP, Li JF, Gu QL, Su LP, Liu BY, Li C, Zhu Z. Long noncoding RNA UCA1 promotes tumour metastasis by inducing GRK2 degradation in gastric cancer. Cancer Lett 2017; 408:10-21. [PMID: 28843497 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene and protein expression by exerting an influence on transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. Here, we report that the lncRNA UCA1 increases the metastatic ability of gastric cancer (GC) cells by regulating GRK2 protein stability by promoting Cbl-c-mediated GRK2 ubiquitination and degradation. This process then activates the ERK-MMP9 signalling pathway. Furthermore, we demonstrate that GRK2 is downregulated in GC cells and that silencing of GRK2 might cause similar phenotypic changes and signalling pathway activation as those induced by elevated UCA1 in GC cells. Our results suggest that UCA1 might function as a mediator of protein ubiquitination and may be a promising molecular target for GC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Qiang Wang
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Chang-Yu He
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Hong-Peng Shi
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Jian-Fang Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Qin-Long Gu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Li-Ping Su
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China
| | - Bing-Ya Liu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
| | - Zhenggang Zhu
- Department of Surgery, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Gastric Neoplasms, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Surgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, PR China.
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25
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Reiter E, Ayoub MA, Pellissier LP, Landomiel F, Musnier A, Tréfier A, Gandia J, De Pascali F, Tahir S, Yvinec R, Bruneau G, Poupon A, Crépieux P. β-arrestin signalling and bias in hormone-responsive GPCRs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 449:28-41. [PMID: 28174117 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.01.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2016] [Revised: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play crucial roles in the ability of target organs to respond to hormonal cues. GPCRs' activation mechanisms have long been considered as a two-state process connecting the agonist-bound receptor to heterotrimeric G proteins. This view is now challenged as mounting evidence point to GPCRs being connected to large arrays of transduction mechanisms involving heterotrimeric G proteins as well as other players. Amongst the G protein-independent transduction mechanisms, those elicited by β-arrestins upon their recruitment to the active receptors are by far the best characterized and apply to most GPCRs. These concepts, in conjunction with remarkable advances made in the field of GPCR structural biology and biophysics, have supported the notion of ligand-selective signalling also known as pharmacological bias. Interestingly, recent reports have opened intriguing prospects to the way β-arrestins control GPCR-mediated signalling in space and time within the cells. In the present paper, we review the existing evidence linking endocrine-related GPCRs to β-arrestin recruitement, signalling, pathophysiological implications and selective activation by biased ligands and/or receptor modifications. Emerging concepts surrounding β-arrestin-mediated transduction are discussed in the light of the peculiarities of endocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France; LE STUDIUM(®) Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, 45000, Orléans, France; Biology Department, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Flavie Landomiel
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Astrid Musnier
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Aurélie Tréfier
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Jorge Gandia
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | | | - Shifa Tahir
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Romain Yvinec
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Gilles Bruneau
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
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26
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Crépieux P, Poupon A, Langonné-Gallay N, Reiter E, Delgado J, Schaefer MH, Bourquard T, Serrano L, Kiel C. A Comprehensive View of the β-Arrestinome. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2017; 8:32. [PMID: 28321204 PMCID: PMC5337525 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2017.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are membrane receptors critically involved in sensing the environment and orchestrating physiological processes. As such, they transduce extracellular signals such as hormone, neurotransmitters, ions, and light into an integrated cell response. The intracellular trafficking, internalization, and signaling ability of ligand-activated GPCRs are controlled by arrestins, adaptor proteins that they interact with upon ligand binding. β-arrestins 1 and 2 in particular are now considered as hub proteins assembling multiprotein complexes to regulate receptor fate and transduce diversified cell responses. While more than 400 β-arrestin interaction partners have been identified so far, much remains to be learnt on how discrimination between so many binding partners is accomplished. Here, we gathered the interacting partners of β-arrestins through database mining and manual curation of the literature to map the β-arrestin interactome (β-arrestinome). We discussed several parameters that determine compatible (AND) or mutually exclusive (XOR) binding of β-arrestin interactors, such as structural constraints, intracellular abundance, or binding affinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Crépieux
- INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)» Group, CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
- *Correspondence: Pascale Crépieux,
| | - Anne Poupon
- INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)» Group, CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Nathalie Langonné-Gallay
- INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)» Group, CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)» Group, CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Javier Delgado
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martin H. Schaefer
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Bourquard
- INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- «Biology and Bioinformatics of Signaling Systems (BIOS)» Group, CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- IFCE, Nouzilly, France
| | - Luis Serrano
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christina Kiel
- EMBL/CRG Systems Biology Research Unit, Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
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Jung SR, Seo JB, Deng Y, Asbury CL, Hille B, Koh DS. Contributions of protein kinases and β-arrestin to termination of protease-activated receptor 2 signaling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 147:255-71. [PMID: 26927499 PMCID: PMC4772372 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201511477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Systematic imaging studies and modeling reveal new details of the regulation of the Gq-coupled GPCR, protease-activated receptor 2, by phosphorylation and β-arrestin. Activated Gq protein–coupled receptors (GqPCRs) can be desensitized by phosphorylation and β-arrestin binding. The kinetics and individual contributions of these two mechanisms to receptor desensitization have not been fully distinguished. Here, we describe the shut off of protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR2). PAR2 activates Gq and phospholipase C (PLC) to hydrolyze phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) into diacylglycerol and inositol trisphosphate (IP3). We used fluorescent protein–tagged optical probes to monitor several consequences of PAR2 signaling, including PIP2 depletion and β-arrestin translocation in real time. During continuous activation of PAR2, PIP2 was depleted transiently and then restored within a few minutes, indicating fast receptor activation followed by desensitization. Knockdown of β-arrestin 1 and 2 using siRNA diminished the desensitization, slowing PIP2 restoration significantly and even adding a delayed secondary phase of further PIP2 depletion. These effects of β-arrestin knockdown on PIP2 recovery were prevented when serine/threonine phosphatases that dephosphorylate GPCRs were inhibited. Thus, PAR2 may continuously regain its activity via dephosphorylation when there is insufficient β-arrestin to trap phosphorylated receptors. Similarly, blockers of protein kinase C (PKC) and G protein–coupled receptor kinase potentiated the PIP2 depletion. In contrast, an activator of PKC inhibited receptor activation, presumably by augmenting phosphorylation of PAR2. Our interpretations were strengthened by modeling. Simulations supported the conclusions that phosphorylation of PAR2 by protein kinases initiates receptor desensitization and that recruited β-arrestin traps the phosphorylated state of the receptor, protecting it from phosphatases. Speculative thinking suggested a sequestration of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5 kinase (PIP5K) to the plasma membrane by β-arrestin to explain why knockdown of β-arrestin led to secondary depletion of PIP2. Indeed, artificial recruitment of PIP5K removed the secondary loss of PIP2 completely. Altogether, our experimental and theoretical approaches demonstrate roles and dynamics of the protein kinases, β-arrestin, and PIP5K in the desensitization of PAR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Ryoung Jung
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Jong Bae Seo
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Yi Deng
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Charles L Asbury
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Bertil Hille
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Duk-Su Koh
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, Kyungbuk, 790-784, Republic of Korea
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Casarini L, Reiter E, Simoni M. β-arrestins regulate gonadotropin receptor-mediated cell proliferation and apoptosis by controlling different FSHR or LHCGR intracellular signaling in the hGL5 cell line. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2016; 437:11-21. [PMID: 27502035 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Gonadotropin signaling classically involves proliferative, steroidogenic and apoptotic stimuli. In this study, we used the human granulosa cell line hGL5 to demonstrate how follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) differently control proliferative or apoptotic signals, revealing novel intrinsic properties of their receptors (FSHR, LHCGR). We found that, in this tumor-like cell line, the expression of endogenous FSHR and LHCGR is serum-dependent, but both receptors were unable to activate the canonical cAMP/PKA pathway upon gonadotropin stimulation, failing to produce cAMP, progesterone and G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR)-mediated apoptosis in vitro. Conversely, ligand treatment resulted in FSHR- and LHCGR-mediated ERK1/2 phosphorylation and cell proliferation due to receptor coupling to β-arrestins. The inactive cAMP/PKA pathway was unlocked by siRNA-mediated knock-down of β-arrestin 1 and 2, leading to progesterone synthesis and apoptosis. Surprisingly, FSH, but not LH treatment accelerated the cAMP/PKA-mediated apoptosis after β-arrestin silencing, an effect which could be reproduced by overexpressing the FSHR, but not the LHCGR. This work demonstrates that the expression of FSHR and LHCGR can be induced in hGL5 cells but that the FSHR-dependent cAMP/PKA pathway is constitutively silenced, possibly to protect cells from FSHR-cAMP-PKA-induced apoptosis. Also, we revealed previously unrecognized features intrinsic to the two structurally similar gonadotropin receptors, oppositely resulting in the regulation of life and death signals in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livio Casarini
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
| | - Eric Reiter
- PRC, INRA, CNRS, IFCE, Université de Tours, 37380, Nouzilly, France
| | - Manuela Simoni
- Unit of Endocrinology, Dept. of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Center for Genome Research, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy; Azienda USL, NOCSAE, Modena, Italy
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The analysis of heterotaxy patients reveals new loss-of-function variants of GRK5. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33231. [PMID: 27618959 PMCID: PMC5020398 DOI: 10.1038/srep33231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5 (GRK5) is a regulator of cardiac performance and a potential therapeutic target in heart failure in the adult. Additionally, we have previously classified GRK5 as a determinant of left-right asymmetry and proper heart development using zebrafish. We thus aimed to identify GRK5 variants of functional significance by analysing 187 individuals with laterality defects (heterotaxy) that were associated with a congenital heart defect (CHD). Using Sanger sequencing we identified two moderately frequent variants in GRK5 with minor allele frequencies <10%, and seven very rare polymorphisms with minor allele frequencies <1%, two of which are novel variants. Given their evolutionarily conserved position in zebrafish, in-depth functional characterisation of four variants (p.Q41L, p.G298S, p.R304C and p.T425M) was performed. We tested the effects of these variants on normal subcellular localisation and the ability to desensitise receptor signalling as well as their ability to correct the left-right asymmetry defect upon Grk5l knockdown in zebrafish. While p.Q41L, p.R304C and p.T425M responded normally in the first two aspects, neither p.Q41L nor p.R304C were capable of rescuing the lateralisation phenotype. The fourth variant, p.G298S was identified as a complete loss-of-function variant in all assays and provides insight into the functions of GRK5.
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Ayoub MA, Yvinec R, Crépieux P, Poupon A. Computational modeling approaches in gonadotropin signaling. Theriogenology 2016; 86:22-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2016.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rougny A, Froidevaux C, Calzone L, Paulevé L. Qualitative dynamics semantics for SBGN process description. BMC SYSTEMS BIOLOGY 2016; 10:42. [PMID: 27306057 PMCID: PMC4910245 DOI: 10.1186/s12918-016-0285-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Qualitative dynamics semantics provide a coarse-grain modeling of networks dynamics by abstracting away kinetic parameters. They allow to capture general features of systems dynamics, such as attractors or reachability properties, for which scalable analyses exist. The Systems Biology Graphical Notation Process Description language (SBGN-PD) has become a standard to represent reaction networks. However, no qualitative dynamics semantics taking into account all the main features available in SBGN-PD had been proposed so far. Results We propose two qualitative dynamics semantics for SBGN-PD reaction networks, namely the general semantics and the stories semantics, that we formalize using asynchronous automata networks. While the general semantics extends standard Boolean semantics of reaction networks by taking into account all the main features of SBGN-PD, the stories semantics allows to model several molecules of a network by a unique variable. The obtained qualitative models can be checked against dynamical properties and therefore validated with respect to biological knowledge. We apply our framework to reason on the qualitative dynamics of a large network (more than 200 nodes) modeling the regulation of the cell cycle by RB/E2F. Conclusion The proposed semantics provide a direct formalization of SBGN-PD networks in dynamical qualitative models that can be further analyzed using standard tools for discrete models. The dynamics in stories semantics have a lower dimension than the general one and prune multiple behaviors (which can be considered as spurious) by enforcing the mutual exclusiveness between the activity of different nodes of a same story. Overall, the qualitative semantics for SBGN-PD allow to capture efficiently important dynamical features of reaction network models and can be exploited to further refine them. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12918-016-0285-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrien Rougny
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique UMR CNRS 8623, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Christine Froidevaux
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique UMR CNRS 8623, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France
| | - Laurence Calzone
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, INSERM, U900, Mines Paris Tech, Paris, F-75005, France
| | - Loïc Paulevé
- Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique UMR CNRS 8623, Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay Cedex, 91405, France.
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Pancreatic Beta Cell G-Protein Coupled Receptors and Second Messenger Interactions: A Systems Biology Computational Analysis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152869. [PMID: 27138453 PMCID: PMC4854486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin secretory in pancreatic beta-cells responses to nutrient stimuli and hormonal modulators include multiple messengers and signaling pathways with complex interdependencies. Here we present a computational model that incorporates recent data on glucose metabolism, plasma membrane potential, G-protein-coupled-receptors (GPCR), cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum calcium dynamics, cAMP and phospholipase C pathways that regulate interactions between second messengers in pancreatic beta-cells. The values of key model parameters were inferred from published experimental data. The model gives a reasonable fit to important aspects of experimentally measured metabolic and second messenger concentrations and provides a framework for analyzing the role of metabolic, hormones and neurotransmitters changes on insulin secretion. Our analysis of the dynamic data provides support for the hypothesis that activation of Ca2+-dependent adenylyl cyclases play a critical role in modulating the effects of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and catecholamines. The regulatory properties of adenylyl cyclase isoforms determine fluctuations in cytoplasmic cAMP concentration and reveal a synergistic action of glucose, GLP-1 and GIP on insulin secretion. On the other hand, the regulatory properties of phospholipase C isoforms determine the interaction of glucose, acetylcholine and free fatty acids (FFA) (that act through the FFA receptors) on insulin secretion. We found that a combination of GPCR agonists activating different messenger pathways can stimulate insulin secretion more effectively than a combination of GPCR agonists for a single pathway. This analysis also suggests that the activators of GLP-1, GIP and FFA receptors may have a relatively low risk of hypoglycemia in fasting conditions whereas an activator of muscarinic receptors can increase this risk. This computational analysis demonstrates that study of second messenger pathway interactions will improve understanding of critical regulatory sites, how different GPCRs interact and pharmacological targets for modulating insulin secretion in type 2 diabetes.
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33
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Impedance-based analysis of mu opioid receptor signaling and underlying mechanisms. Biochem Biophys Rep 2016; 6:32-38. [PMID: 30338303 PMCID: PMC6189789 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2016.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The mu opioid receptor is a G-protein coupled receptor able to signal through the Gαi/o class of G-protein and β-arrestin pathways, stimulating down-stream effector pathways. Signaling bias occurs when different receptor agonists lead to different signaling outcomes. Traditionally these have been studied using end-point assays. Real-time cellular analysis platforms allow for the analysis of the holistic effects of receptor activation as an integrated output. While this allows for different ligands to be compared rapidly, the cellular mechanisms underlying the signal are not well described. Using an impedance based system, the impedance responses for two opioid ligands, morphine and DAMGO were examined. The impedance responses for these two agonists, while showing similar features, were distinct from each other. Some of the mechanisms underlying the mu opioid receptor coupled impedance changes were investigated. It was found that the response is a result of discrete cellular processes, including G-protein signaling and protein kinase phosphorylation. An impedance assay was used to capture label-free real-time data for two opioids. DAMGO and morphine treatments produced different responses. Cellular mechanisms underlying impedance response were investigated. G-protein signaling and protein phosphorylation were implicated in the response. The contribution of two kinases, AKT1/2/3 and ERK1/2, was demonstrated.
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Abstract
As the amount of biological data in the public domain grows, so does the range of modeling and analysis techniques employed in systems biology. In recent years, a number of theoretical computer science developments have enabled modeling methodology to keep pace. The growing interest in systems biology in executable models and their analysis has necessitated the borrowing of terms and methods from computer science, such as formal analysis, model checking, static analysis, and runtime verification. Here, we discuss the most important and exciting computational methods and tools currently available to systems biologists. We believe that a deeper understanding of the concepts and theory highlighted in this review will produce better software practice, improved investigation of complex biological processes, and even new ideas and better feedback into computer science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ezio Bartocci
- Faculty of Informatics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pietro Lió
- Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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35
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“Barcode” and Differential Effects of GPCR Phosphorylation by Different GRKs. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3798-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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36
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Phospho-selective mechanisms of arrestin conformations and functions revealed by unnatural amino acid incorporation and (19)F-NMR. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8202. [PMID: 26347956 PMCID: PMC4569848 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific arrestin conformations are coupled to distinct downstream effectors, which underlie the functions of many G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). Here, using unnatural amino acid incorporation and fluorine-19 nuclear magnetic resonance (19F-NMR) spectroscopy, we demonstrate that distinct receptor phospho-barcodes are translated to specific β-arrestin-1 conformations and direct selective signalling. With its phosphate-binding concave surface, β-arrestin-1 ‘reads' the message in the receptor phospho-C-tails and distinct phospho-interaction patterns are revealed by 19F-NMR. Whereas all functional phosphopeptides interact with a common phosphate binding site and induce the movements of finger and middle loops, different phospho-interaction patterns induce distinct structural states of β-arrestin-1 that are coupled to distinct arrestin functions. Only clathrin recognizes and stabilizes GRK2-specific β-arrestin-1 conformations. The identified receptor-phospho-selective mechanism for arrestin conformation and the spacing of the multiple phosphate-binding sites in the arrestin enable arrestin to recognize plethora phosphorylation states of numerous GPCRs, contributing to the functional diversity of receptors. G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signal via G proteins or arrestin-mediated pathways; the plasticity of arrestin proteins is thought to underlie their function. Here, the authors use NMR to examine how β-arrestin-1 recognizes different GPCR phospho-barcodes, and how this triggers structural rearrangements to fulfill selective functions.
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37
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Roth S, Kholodenko BN, Smit MJ, Bruggeman FJ. G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling Networks from a Systems Perspective. Mol Pharmacol 2015; 88:604-16. [PMID: 26162865 DOI: 10.1124/mol.115.100057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The signal-transduction network of a mammalian cell integrates internal and external cues to initiate adaptive responses. Among the cell-surface receptors are the G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), which have remarkable signal-integrating capabilities. Binding of extracellular signals stabilizes intracellular-domain conformations that selectively activate intracellular proteins. Hereby, multiple signaling routes are activated simultaneously to degrees that are signal-combination dependent. Systems-biology studies indicate that signaling networks have emergent processing capabilities that go far beyond those of single proteins. Such networks are spatiotemporally organized and capable of gradual, oscillatory, all-or-none, and subpopulation-generating responses. Protein-protein interactions, generating feedback and feedforward circuitry, are generally required for these spatiotemporal phenomena. Understanding of information processing by signaling networks therefore requires network theories in addition to biochemical and biophysical concepts. Here we review some of the key signaling systems behaviors that have been discovered recurrently across signaling networks. We emphasize the role of GPCRs, so far underappreciated receptors in systems-biology research.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Roth
- Systems Bioinformatics (S.R., F.J.B.) and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.S.); and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (B.N.K.)
| | - B N Kholodenko
- Systems Bioinformatics (S.R., F.J.B.) and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.S.); and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (B.N.K.)
| | - M J Smit
- Systems Bioinformatics (S.R., F.J.B.) and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.S.); and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (B.N.K.)
| | - F J Bruggeman
- Systems Bioinformatics (S.R., F.J.B.) and Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines & Systems, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands (M.J.S.); and Systems Biology Ireland, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland (B.N.K.)
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Bourquard T, Landomiel F, Reiter E, Crépieux P, Ritchie DW, Azé J, Poupon A. Unraveling the molecular architecture of a G protein-coupled receptor/β-arrestin/Erk module complex. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10760. [PMID: 26030356 PMCID: PMC4649906 DOI: 10.1038/srep10760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
β-arrestins serve as signaling scaffolds downstream of G protein-coupled receptors, and thus play a crucial role in a plethora of cellular processes. Although it is largely accepted that the ability of β-arrestins to interact simultaneously with many protein partners is key in G protein-independent signaling of GPCRs, only the precise knowledge of these multimeric arrangements will allow a full understanding of the dynamics of these interactions and their functional consequences. However, current experimental procedures for the determination of the three-dimensional structures of protein-protein complexes are not well adapted to analyze these short-lived, multi-component assemblies. We propose a model of the receptor/β-arrestin/Erk1 signaling module, which is consistent with most of the available experimental data. Moreover, for the β-arrestin/Raf1 and the β-arrestin/ERK interactions, we have used the model to design interfering peptides and shown that they compete with both partners, hereby demonstrating the validity of the predicted interaction regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bourquard
- 1] BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, 37041 Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, F-37380 France [2] INRIA Nancy, 615 Rue du Jardin Botanique, Villers-lès-Nancy, 54600 France
| | - Flavie Landomiel
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, 37041 Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, F-37380 France
| | - Eric Reiter
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, 37041 Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, F-37380 France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, 37041 Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, F-37380 France
| | - David W Ritchie
- INRIA Nancy, 615 Rue du Jardin Botanique, Villers-lès-Nancy, 54600 France
| | - Jérôme Azé
- Bioinformatics group - AMIB INRIA - Laboratoire de Recherche en Informatique, Université Paris-Sud, Orsay, 91405 France
| | - Anne Poupon
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, 37041 Tours, France; IFCE, Nouzilly, F-37380 France
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Ayoub MA, Landomiel F, Gallay N, Jégot G, Poupon A, Crépieux P, Reiter E. Assessing Gonadotropin Receptor Function by Resonance Energy Transfer-Based Assays. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:130. [PMID: 26379624 PMCID: PMC4550792 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gonadotropin receptors belong to the super family of G protein-coupled receptors and mediate the physiological effects of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSHR) and luteinizing hormone (LHR). Their central role in the control of reproductive function has made them the focus of intensive studies. Upon binding to their cognate hormone, they trigger complex signaling and trafficking mechanisms that are tightly regulated in concentration, time, and space. Classical cellular assays often fail to capture all these dynamics. Here, we describe the use of various bioluminescence and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (BRET and FRET) assays to investigate the activation and regulation of FSHR and LHR in real-time, in living cells (i.e., transiently expressed in human embryonic kidney 293 cells). Indeed, the dynamics of hormone-mediated heterotrimeric G protein activation, cyclic adenosine-monophosphate (cAMP) production, calcium release, β-arrestin 2 recruitment, and receptor internalization/recycling was assessed. Kinetics and dose-response analyses confirmed the expected pharmacological and signaling properties of hFSHR and hLHR but revealed interesting characteristics when considering the two major pathways (cAMP and β-arrestin 2) of the two receptors assessed by BRET. Indeed, the EC50 values were in picomolar range for cAMP production while nanomolar range was observed for β-arrestin 2 recruitment as well as receptor internalization. Interestingly, the predicted receptor occupancy indicates that the maximal G protein activation and cAMP response occur at <10% of receptor occupancy whereas >90% of activated receptors is required to achieve full β-arrestin 2 recruitment and subsequent receptor internalization. The rapid receptor internalization was also followed by a recycling phase. Collectively, our data reveal that β-arrestin-mediated desensitization, internalization, and the subsequent fast recycling of receptors at the plasma membrane may provide a mechanistic ground to the "spare receptor" paradigm. More generally, the novel tools described here will undoubtedly provide the scientific community investigating gonadotropin receptors with powerful means to decipher their pharmacology and signaling with the prospect of pathophysiological and drug discovery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed Akli Ayoub
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
- LE STUDIUM Loire Valley Institute for Advanced Studies, Orléans, France
- *Correspondence: Mohammed Akli Ayoub, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA) UMR85, CNRS-Université François Rabelais UMR7247, Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements (PRC) - Nouzilly 37380, France,
| | - Flavie Landomiel
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Nathalie Gallay
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Gwenhael Jégot
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- Biologie et Bioinformatique des Systèmes de Signalisation (BIOS) Group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, Nouzilly, France
- CNRS, UMR7247, Nouzilly, France
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
- L’Institut français du cheval et de l’équitation (IFCE), Nouzilly, France
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Glück L, Loktev A, Moulédous L, Mollereau C, Law PY, Schulz S. Loss of morphine reward and dependence in mice lacking G protein-coupled receptor kinase 5. Biol Psychiatry 2014; 76:767-74. [PMID: 24629717 PMCID: PMC4119866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical benefits of opioid drugs are counteracted by the development of tolerance and addiction. We provide in vivo evidence for the involvement of G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) in opioid dependence in addition to their roles in agonist-selective mu-opioid receptor (MOR) phosphorylation. METHODS In vivo MOR phosphorylation was examined by immunoprecipitation and nanoflow liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Using the hot-plate and conditioned place preference test, we investigated opioid-related antinociception and reward effects in mice lacking GRK3 or GRK5. RESULTS Etonitazene and fentanyl stimulated the in vivo phosphorylation of multiple carboxyl-terminal phosphate acceptor sites, including threonine 370, serine 375, and threonine 379, which was predominantly mediated by GRK3. By contrast, morphine promoted a selective phosphorylation of serine 375 that was predominantly mediated by GRK5. In contrast to GRK3 knockout mice, GRK5 knockout mice exhibited reduced antinociceptive responses after morphine administration and developed morphine tolerance similar to wild-type mice but fewer signs of physical dependence. Also, morphine was ineffective in inducing conditioned place preference in GRK5 knockout mice, whereas cocaine conditioned place preference was retained. However, the reward properties of morphine were evident in knock-in mice expressing a phosphorylation-deficient S375A mutation of the MOR. CONCLUSIONS These findings show for the first time that MOR phosphorylation is regulated by agonist-selective recruitment of distinct GRK isoforms that influence different opioid-related behaviors. Modulation of GRK5 function could serve as a new approach for preventing addiction to opioids, while maintaining the analgesic properties of opioid drugs at an effective level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Glück
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Straße 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Anastasia Loktev
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Drackendorfer Straße 1, D-07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lionel Moulédous
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse, UMR 5089, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Catherine Mollereau
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, CNRS/Université de Toulouse, UMR 5089, 205 Route de Narbonne, 31077 Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Ping-Yee Law
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55455 USA
| | - Stefan Schulz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany.
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Stein RSL, Ehlert FJ. A kinetic model of GPCRs: analysis of G protein activity, occupancy, coupling and receptor-state affinity constants. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2014; 35:269-83. [PMID: 25353707 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2014.975250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT G protein-coupled receptors are vital macromolecules for a wide variety of physiological processes. Upon agonist binding, these receptors accelerate the exchange of GDP for GTP in G proteins coupled to them. The activated G protein interacts with effector proteins to implement downstream biological functions. OBJECTIVE We present a kinetic, quaternary complex model, based on a system of coupled linear first-order differential equations, which accounts for the binding attributes of the ligand, receptor, G protein and two types of guanine nucleotide (GDP and GTP) as well as for GTPase activity. METHODS We solved the model numerically to predict the extents of G protein activation, receptor occupancy by ligand and receptor coupling that result from varying the ligand concentration, presence of GDP and/or GTP, the ratio of G protein to receptor and the equilibrium constants governing receptor pre-coupling and constitutive activity. We also simulated responses downstream from G protein activation using a transducer function. RESULTS Our model shows that agonist-induced G protein activation can occur with either a net decrease or increase in total receptor-G protein coupling. In addition, we demonstrate that affinity constants of the ligand for both the active and inactive states of the receptor can be derived to a close approximation from analysis of simulated responses downstream from receptor activation. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The latter result validates our prior methods for estimating the active state affinity constants of ligands, and our results on receptor coupling have relevance to studies investigating receptor-G protein interactions using fluorescence techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S L Stein
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , University of California , Irvine , CA , USA
| | - Frederick J Ehlert
- a Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine , University of California , Irvine , CA , USA
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Tilley DG, Zhu W, Myers VD, Barr LA, Gao E, Li X, Song J, Carter RL, Makarewich CA, Yu D, Troupes CD, Grisanti LA, Coleman RC, Koch WJ, Houser SR, Cheung JY, Feldman AM. β-adrenergic receptor-mediated cardiac contractility is inhibited via vasopressin type 1A-receptor-dependent signaling. Circulation 2014; 130:1800-11. [PMID: 25205804 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.010434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enhanced arginine vasopressin levels are associated with increased mortality during end-stage human heart failure, and cardiac arginine vasopressin type 1A receptor (V1AR) expression becomes increased. Additionally, mice with cardiac-restricted V1AR overexpression develop cardiomyopathy and decreased β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) responsiveness. This led us to hypothesize that V1AR signaling regulates βAR responsiveness and in doing so contributes to development of heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS Transaortic constriction resulted in decreased cardiac function and βAR density and increased cardiac V1AR expression, effects reversed by a V1AR-selective antagonist. Molecularly, V1AR stimulation led to decreased βAR ligand affinity, as well as βAR-induced Ca(2+) mobilization and cAMP generation in isolated adult cardiomyocytes, effects recapitulated via ex vivo Langendorff analysis. V1AR-mediated regulation of βAR responsiveness was demonstrated to occur in a previously unrecognized Gq protein-independent/G protein receptor kinase-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS This newly discovered relationship between cardiac V1AR and βAR may be informative for the treatment of patients with acute decompensated heart failure and elevated arginine vasopressin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas G Tilley
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.).
| | - Weizhong Zhu
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Valerie D Myers
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Larry A Barr
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Erhe Gao
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Xue Li
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Jianliang Song
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Rhonda L Carter
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Catherine A Makarewich
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Daohai Yu
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Constantine D Troupes
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Laurel A Grisanti
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Ryan C Coleman
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Steven R Houser
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Joseph Y Cheung
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
| | - Arthur M Feldman
- From the Center for Translational Medicine (D.G.T., E.G., J.S, R.L.C., L.A.G., W.J.K., J.Y.C.), Department of Pharmacology (D.G.T., W.J.K.), Cardiovascular Research Center (W.Z., V.D.M., L.A.B., C.A.M., C.D.T., R.C.C., S.R.H.), Department of Physiology (L.A.B., C.A.M., S.R.H., A.M.F.), Department of Clinical Sciences (D.Y.), and Department of Medicine (J.Y.C., A.M.F.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and the Division of Cardiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xian, People's Republic of China (X.L.)
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Philipp M, Berger IM, Just S, Caron MG. Overlapping and opposing functions of G protein-coupled receptor kinase 2 (GRK2) and GRK5 during heart development. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:26119-26130. [PMID: 25104355 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.551952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
G protein-coupled receptor kinases 2 (GRK2) and 5 (GRK5) are fundamental regulators of cardiac performance in adults but are less well characterized for their function in the hearts of embryos. GRK2 and -5 belong to different subfamilies and function as competitors in the control of certain receptors and signaling pathways. In this study, we used zebrafish to investigate whether the fish homologs of GRK2 and -5, Grk2/3 and Grk5, also have unique, complementary, or competitive roles during heart development. We found that they differentially regulate the heart rate of early embryos and equally facilitate heart function in older embryos and that both are required to develop proper cardiac morphology. A loss of Grk2/3 results in dilated atria and hypoplastic ventricles, and the hearts of embryos depleted in Grk5 present with a generalized atrophy. This Grk5 morphant phenotype was associated with an overall decrease of early cardiac progenitors as well as a reduction in the area occupied by myocardial progenitor cells. In the case of Grk2/3, the progenitor decrease was confined to a subset of precursor cells with a committed ventricular fate. We attempted to rescue the GRK loss-of-function heart phenotypes by downstream activation of Hedgehog signaling. The Grk2/3 loss-of-function embryos were rescued by this approach, but Grk5 embryos failed to respond. In summary, we found that GRK2 and GRK5 control cardiac function as well as morphogenesis during development although with different morphological outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Philipp
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Ina M Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany and
| | - Steffen Just
- Department of Internal Medicine II-Cardiology, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany and
| | - Marc G Caron
- Departments of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Departments of Medicine, and Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710; Departments of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710
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Coggins NL, Trakimas D, Chang SL, Ehrlich A, Ray P, Luker KE, Linderman JJ, Luker GD. CXCR7 controls competition for recruitment of β-arrestin 2 in cells expressing both CXCR4 and CXCR7. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98328. [PMID: 24896823 PMCID: PMC4045718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemokine CXCL12 promotes growth and metastasis of more than 20 different human cancers, as well as pathogenesis of other common diseases. CXCL12 binds two different receptors, CXCR4 and CXCR7, both of which recruit and signal through the cytosolic adapter protein β-arrestin 2. Differences in CXCL12-dependent recruitment of β-arrestin 2 in cells expressing one or both receptors remain poorly defined. To quantitatively investigate parameters controlling association of β-arrestin 2 with CXCR4 or CXCR7 in cells co-expressing both receptors, we used a systems biology approach combining real-time, multi-spectral luciferase complementation imaging with computational modeling. Cells expressing only CXCR4 maintain low basal association with β-arrestin 2, and CXCL12 induces a rapid, transient increase in this interaction. In contrast, cells expressing only CXCR7 have higher basal association with β-arrestin 2 and exhibit more gradual, prolonged recruitment of β-arrestin 2 in response to CXCL12. We developed and fit a data-driven computational model for association of either CXCR4 or CXCR7 with β-arrestin 2 in cells expressing only one type of receptor. We then experimentally validated model predictions that co-expression of CXCR4 and CXCR7 on the same cell substantially decreases both the magnitude and duration of CXCL12-regulated recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to CXCR4. Co-expression of both receptors on the same cell only minimally alters recruitment of β-arrestin 2 to CXCR7. In silico experiments also identified β-arrestin 2 as a limiting factor in cells expressing both receptors, establishing that CXCR7 wins the "competition" with CXCR4 for CXCL12 and recruitment of β-arrestin 2. These results reveal how competition for β-arrestin 2 controls integrated responses to CXCL12 in cells expressing both CXCR4 and CXCR7. These results advance understanding of normal and pathologic functions of CXCL12, which is critical for developing effective strategies to target these pathways therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel L. Coggins
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Danielle Trakimas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - S. Laura Chang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Anna Ehrlich
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Paramita Ray
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Kathryn E. Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jennifer J. Linderman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJL); (GDL)
| | - Gary D. Luker
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JJL); (GDL)
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Landomiel F, Gallay N, Jégot G, Tranchant T, Durand G, Bourquard T, Crépieux P, Poupon A, Reiter E. Biased signalling in follicle stimulating hormone action. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 382:452-459. [PMID: 24121199 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2013.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Revised: 09/26/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) plays a crucial role in the control of reproduction by specifically binding to and activating a membrane receptor (FSHR) that belongs to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family. Similar to all GPCRs, FSHR activation mechanisms have generally been viewed as a two-state process connecting a unique FSH-bound active receptor to the Gs/cAMP pathway. Over the last decade, paralleling the breakthroughs that were made in the GPCR field, our understanding of FSH actions at the molecular level has dramatically changed. There are numerous facts indicating that the active FSHR is connected to a complex signalling network rather than the sole Gs/cAMP pathway. Consistently, the FSHR probably exists in equilibrium between multiple conformers, a subset of them being stabilized upon ligand binding. Importantly, the nature of the stabilized conformers of the receptor directly depends on the chemical structure of the ligand bound. This implies that it is possible to selectively control the intracellular signalling pathways activated by using biased ligands. Such biased ligands can be of different nature: small chemical molecules, glycosylation variants of the hormone or antibody/hormone complexes. Likewise, mutations or polymorphisms affecting the FSHR can also lead to stabilization of preferential conformers, hence to selective modulation of signalling pathways. These emerging notions offer a new conceptual framework that could potentially lead to the development of more specific drugs while also improving the way FSHR mutants/variants are functionally characterized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie Landomiel
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Gallay
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Gwenhael Jégot
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Thibaud Tranchant
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Guillaume Durand
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Thomas Bourquard
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Pascale Crépieux
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Anne Poupon
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France
| | - Eric Reiter
- BIOS group, INRA, UMR85, Unité Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; CNRS, UMR7247, F-37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais, F-37041 Tours, France.
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Abstract
The four members of the mammalian arrestin family, two visual and two nonvisual, share the property of stimulus-dependent docking to G protein-coupled receptors. This conformational selectivity permits them to function in receptor desensitization, as arrestin binding sterically inhibits G protein coupling. The two nonvisual arrestins further act as adapter proteins, linking receptors to the clathrin-dependent endocytic machinery and regulating receptor sequestration, intracellular trafficking, recycling, and degradation. Arrestins also function as ligand-regulated scaffolds, recruiting catalytically active proteins into receptor-based multiprotein "signalsome" complexes. Arrestin binding thus marks the transition from a transient G protein-coupled state on the plasma membrane to a persistent arrestin-coupled state that continues to signal as the receptor internalizes. Two of the earliest discovered and most studied arrestin-dependent signaling pathways involve regulation of Src family nonreceptor tyrosine kinases and the ERK1/2 mitogen-activated kinase cascade. In each case, arrestin scaffolding imposes constraints on kinase activity that dictate signal duration and substrate specificity. Evidence suggests that arrestin-bound ERK1/2 and Src not only play regulatory roles in receptor desensitization and trafficking but also mediate longer term effects on cell growth, migration, proliferation, and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik G Strungs
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
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Shpakov AO. Advances in the study of structure and function of G protein-coupled receptors (about awarding the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 2012 to Robert Lefkowitz and Brian Kobilka). J EVOL BIOCHEM PHYS+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022093013050022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kiel C, Verschueren E, Yang JS, Serrano L. Integration of Protein Abundance and Structure Data Reveals Competition in the ErbB Signaling Network. Sci Signal 2013; 6:ra109. [DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2004560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Kim IM, Wang Y, Park KM, Tang Y, Teoh JP, Vinson J, Traynham CJ, Pironti G, Mao L, Su H, Johnson JA, Koch WJ, Rockman HA. β-arrestin1-biased β1-adrenergic receptor signaling regulates microRNA processing. Circ Res 2013; 114:833-44. [PMID: 24334028 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.114.302766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE MicroRNAs (miRs) are small, noncoding RNAs that function to post-transcriptionally regulate gene expression. First transcribed as long primary miR transcripts (pri-miRs), they are enzymatically processed in the nucleus by Drosha into hairpin intermediate miRs (pre-miRs) and further processed in the cytoplasm by Dicer into mature miRs where they regulate cellular processes after activation by a variety of signals such as those stimulated by β-adrenergic receptors (βARs). Initially discovered to desensitize βAR signaling, β-arrestins are now appreciated to transduce multiple effector pathways independent of G-protein-mediated second messenger accumulation, a concept known as biased signaling. We previously showed that the β-arrestin-biased βAR agonist, carvedilol, activates cellular pathways in the heart. OBJECTIVE Here, we tested whether carvedilol could activate β-arrestin-mediated miR maturation, thereby providing a novel potential mechanism for its cardioprotective effects. METHODS AND RESULTS In human cells and mouse hearts, carvedilol upregulates a subset of mature and pre-miRs, but not their pri-miRs, in β1AR-, G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 5/6-, and β-arrestin1-dependent manner. Mechanistically, β-arrestin1 regulates miR processing by forming a nuclear complex with hnRNPA1 and Drosha on pri-miRs. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate a novel function for β1AR-mediated β-arrestin1 signaling activated by carvedilol in miR biogenesis, which may be linked, in part, to its mechanism for cell survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Il-Man Kim
- From Vascular Biology Center (I.K., Y.W., K.P., Y.T., J.T., H.S.), Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology (I.K.), Medical College of Georgia (I.K., J.V.), and Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology (H.S., J.A.J.), Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA; Center for Translational Medicine (C.J.T., W.J.K.), and Department of Pharmacology (W.J.K.), Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA; and Department of Medicine (G.P., L.M., H.A.R.), Cell Biology (H.A.R.), and Molecular Genetics (H.A.R.), Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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