1
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Xiong D, Wang Q, Wang WM, Sun ZJ. Tuning cellular metabolism for cancer virotherapy. Cancer Lett 2024; 592:216924. [PMID: 38718886 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.216924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent an emerging immunotherapeutic strategy owing to their capacity for direct tumor lysis and induction of antitumor immunity. However, hurdles like transient persistence and moderate efficacy necessitate innovative approaches. Metabolic remodeling has recently gained prominence as a strategic intervention, wherein OVs or combination regimens could reprogram tumor and immune cell metabolism to enhance viral replication and oncolysis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in strategic reprogramming of tumor and immune cell metabolism to enhance OV-based immunotherapies. Specific tactics include engineering viruses to target glycolytic, glutaminolytic, and nucleotide synthesis pathways in cancer cells, boosting viral replication and tumor cell death. Additionally, rewiring T cell and NK cell metabolism of lipids, amino acids, and carbohydrates shows promise to enhance antitumor effects. Further insights are discussed to pave the way for the clinical implementation of metabolically enhanced oncolytic platforms, including balancing metabolic modulation to limit antiviral responses while promoting viral persistence and tumor clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dian Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Qing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Wei-Ming Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Center of Stomatology, Institute of Oral Precancerous Lesions, Xiangya Hospital, Research Center of Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410008, PR China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Oral & Maxillofacial Reconstruction and Regeneration, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Stomatology, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Frontier Science Center for Immunology and Metabolism, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
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2
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Nia GE, Nikpayam E, Farrokhi M, Bolhassani A, Meuwissen R. Advances in cell-based delivery of oncolytic viruses as therapy for lung cancer. MOLECULAR THERAPY. ONCOLOGY 2024; 32:200788. [PMID: 38596310 PMCID: PMC10976516 DOI: 10.1016/j.omton.2024.200788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer's intractability is enhanced by its frequent resistance to (chemo)therapy and often high relapse rates that make it the leading cause of cancer death worldwide. Improvement of therapy efficacy is a crucial issue that might lead to a significant advance in the treatment of lung cancer. Oncolytic viruses are desirable combination partners in the developing field of cancer immunotherapy due to their direct cytotoxic effects and ability to elicit an immune response. Systemic oncolytic virus administration through intravenous injection should ideally lead to the highest efficacy in oncolytic activity. However, this is often hampered by the prevalence of host-specific, anti-viral immune responses. One way to achieve more efficient systemic oncolytic virus delivery is through better protection against neutralization by several components of the host immune system. Carrier cells, which can even have innate tumor tropism, have shown their appropriateness as effective vehicles for systemic oncolytic virus infection through circumventing restrictive features of the immune system and can warrant oncolytic virus delivery to tumors. In this overview, we summarize promising results from studies in which carrier cells have shown their usefulness for improved systemic oncolytic virus delivery and better oncolytic virus therapy against lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giti Esmail Nia
- Faculty of Allied Medicine, Cellular and Molecular Research Centre, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Elahe Nikpayam
- Department of Regenerative and Cancer Biology, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, USA
| | | | - Azam Bolhassani
- Department of Hepatitis and AIDS, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ralph Meuwissen
- Department of Basic Oncology, Health Institute of Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
- Ege University Translational Pulmonary Research Center (EgeSAM), Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Lin C, Teng W, Tian Y, Li S, Xia N, Huang C. Immune landscape and response to oncolytic virus-based immunotherapy. Front Med 2024:10.1007/s11684-023-1048-0. [PMID: 38453818 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-023-1048-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Oncolytic virus (OV)-based immunotherapy has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment, offering a unique potential to selectively target malignant cells while sparing normal tissues. However, the immunosuppressive nature of tumor microenvironment (TME) poses a substantial hurdle to the development of OVs as effective immunotherapeutic agents, as it restricts the activation and recruitment of immune cells. This review elucidates the potential of OV-based immunotherapy in modulating the immune landscape within the TME to overcome immune resistance and enhance antitumor immune responses. We examine the role of OVs in targeting specific immune cell populations, including dendritic cells, T cells, natural killer cells, and macrophages, and their ability to alter the TME by inhibiting angiogenesis and reducing tumor fibrosis. Additionally, we explore strategies to optimize OV-based drug delivery and improve the efficiency of OV-mediated immunotherapy. In conclusion, this review offers a concise and comprehensive synopsis of the current status and future prospects of OV-based immunotherapy, underscoring its remarkable potential as an effective immunotherapeutic agent for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Wenzhong Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Shaopeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Ningshao Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
| | - Chenghao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361102, China.
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4
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Chen L, Zuo M, Zhou Q, Wang Y. Oncolytic virotherapy in cancer treatment: challenges and optimization prospects. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1308890. [PMID: 38169820 PMCID: PMC10758479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1308890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging cancer therapeutics that offer a multifaceted therapeutic platform for the benefits of replicating and lysing tumor cells, being engineered to express transgenes, modulating the tumor microenvironment (TME), and having a tolerable safety profile that does not overlap with other cancer therapeutics. The mechanism of OVs combined with other antitumor agents is based on immune-mediated attack resistance and might benefit patients who fail to achieve durable responses after immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment. In this Review, we summarize data on the OV mechanism and limitations of monotherapy, which are currently in the process of combination partner development, especially with ICIs. We discuss some of the hurdles that have limited the preclinical and clinical development of OVs. We also describe the available data and provide guidance for optimizing OVs in clinical practice, as well as a summary of approved and promising novel OVs with clinical indications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingjuan Chen
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Institute of Radiation Oncology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Precision Radiation Oncology, Wuhan, China
| | - Mengsi Zuo
- Department of Oncology, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Zhou
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Wang
- National “111” Center for Cellular Regulation and Molecular Pharmaceutics, Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation (Ministry of Education & Hubei Province), College of Bioengineering, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan, China
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5
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Boulton S, Poutou J, Gill R, Alluqmani N, He X, Singaravelu R, Crupi MJ, Petryk J, Austin B, Angka L, Taha Z, Teo I, Singh S, Jamil R, Marius R, Martin N, Jamieson T, Azad T, Diallo JS, Ilkow CS, Bell JC. A T cell-targeted multi-antigen vaccine generates robust cellular and humoral immunity against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Mol Ther Methods Clin Dev 2023; 31:101110. [PMID: 37822719 PMCID: PMC10562195 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtm.2023.101110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the etiological agent behind the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, has continued to mutate and create new variants with increased resistance against the WHO-approved spike-based vaccines. With a significant portion of the worldwide population still unvaccinated and with waning immunity against newly emerging variants, there is a pressing need to develop novel vaccines that provide broader and longer-lasting protection. To generate broader protective immunity against COVID-19, we developed our second-generation vaccinia virus-based COVID-19 vaccine, TOH-VAC-2, encoded with modified versions of the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins as well as a unique poly-epitope antigen that contains immunodominant T cell epitopes from seven different SARS-CoV-2 proteins. We show that the poly-epitope antigen restimulates T cells from the PBMCs of individuals formerly infected with SARS-CoV-2. In mice, TOH-VAC-2 vaccination produces high titers of S- and N-specific antibodies and generates robust T cell immunity against S, N, and poly-epitope antigens. The immunity generated from TOH-VAC-2 is also capable of protecting mice from heterologous challenge with recombinant VSV viruses that express the same SARS-CoV-2 antigens. Altogether, these findings demonstrate the effectiveness of our versatile vaccine platform as an alternative or complementary approach to current vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Boulton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Joanna Poutou
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rida Gill
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Nouf Alluqmani
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Xiaohong He
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Mathieu J.F. Crupi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Bradley Austin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Leonard Angka
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Zaid Taha
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Iris Teo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Siddarth Singh
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Rameen Jamil
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Ricardo Marius
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Nikolas Martin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Taylor Jamieson
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Taha Azad
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada
- Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Carolina S. Ilkow
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - John C. Bell
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L6, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
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6
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Portillo AL, Monteiro JK, Rojas EA, Ritchie TM, Gillgrass A, Ashkar AA. Charting a killer course to the solid tumor: strategies to recruit and activate NK cells in the tumor microenvironment. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1286750. [PMID: 38022679 PMCID: PMC10663242 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1286750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to expand and activate natural Killer (NK) cells ex vivo has dramatically changed the landscape in the development of novel adoptive cell therapies for treating cancer over the last decade. NK cells have become a key player for cancer immunotherapy due to their innate ability to kill malignant cells while not harming healthy cells, allowing their potential use as an "off-the-shelf" product. Furthermore, recent advancements in NK cell genetic engineering methods have enabled the efficient generation of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-expressing NK cells that can exert both CAR-dependent and antigen-independent killing. Clinically, CAR-NK cells have shown promising efficacy and safety for treating CD19-expressing hematologic malignancies. While the number of pre-clinical studies using CAR-NK cells continues to expand, it is evident that solid tumors pose a unique challenge to NK cell-based adoptive cell therapies. Major barriers for efficacy include low NK cell trafficking and infiltration into solid tumor sites, low persistence, and immunosuppression by the harsh solid tumor microenvironment (TME). In this review we discuss the barriers posed by the solid tumor that prevent immune cell trafficking and NK cell effector functions. We then discuss promising strategies to enhance NK cell infiltration into solid tumor sites and activation within the TME. This includes NK cell-intrinsic and -extrinsic mechanisms such as NK cell engineering to resist TME-mediated inhibition and use of tumor-targeted agents such as oncolytic viruses expressing chemoattracting and activating payloads. We then discuss opportunities and challenges for using combination therapies to extend NK cell therapies for the treatment of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana L. Portillo
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan K. Monteiro
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Eduardo A. Rojas
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Tyrah M. Ritchie
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Gillgrass
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ali A. Ashkar
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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7
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Zhu X, Fan C, Xiong Z, Chen M, Li Z, Tao T, Liu X. Development and application of oncolytic viruses as the nemesis of tumor cells. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1188526. [PMID: 37440883 PMCID: PMC10335770 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1188526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses and tumors are two pathologies that negatively impact human health, but what occurs when a virus encounters a tumor? A global consensus among cancer patients suggests that surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other methods are the primary means to combat cancer. However, with the innovation and development of biomedical technology, tumor biotherapy (immunotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, gene therapy, oncolytic virus therapy, etc.) has emerged as an alternative treatment for malignant tumors. Oncolytic viruses possess numerous anti-tumor properties, such as directly lysing tumor cells, activating anti-tumor immune responses, and improving the tumor microenvironment. Compared to traditional immunotherapy, oncolytic virus therapy offers advantages including high killing efficiency, precise targeting, and minimal side effects. Although oncolytic virus (OV) therapy was introduced as a novel approach to tumor treatment in the 19th century, its efficacy was suboptimal, limiting its widespread application. However, since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first OV therapy drug, T-VEC, in 2015, interest in OV has grown significantly. In recent years, oncolytic virus therapy has shown increasingly promising application prospects and has become a major research focus in the field of cancer treatment. This article reviews the development, classification, and research progress of oncolytic viruses, as well as their mechanisms of action, therapeutic methods, and routes of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital Affiliated to Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
- Department of Biological and Chemical Sciences, New York Institute of Technology—Manhattan Campus, New York, NY, United States
| | - Chenyang Fan
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Medicine and Technology, School of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhuolong Xiong
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- The Marine Biomedical Research Institute, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Zesong Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Systems Biology and Synthetic Biology for Urogenital Tumors, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Genitourinary Tumor, Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital(Shenzhen Institute of Translational Medicine), Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, China
| | - Xiuqing Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Institute of Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen Second People’s Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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8
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Wang M, Wang X, Jin X, Zhou J, Zhang Y, Yang Y, Liu Y, Zhang J. Cell-based and cell-free immunotherapies for glioblastoma: current status and future directions. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1175118. [PMID: 37304305 PMCID: PMC10248152 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1175118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is among the most fatal and recurring malignant solid tumors. It arises from the GBM stem cell population. Conventional neurosurgical resection, temozolomide (TMZ)-dependent chemotherapy and radiotherapy have rendered the prognosis of patients unsatisfactory. Radiotherapy and chemotherapy can frequently induce non-specific damage to healthy brain and other tissues, which can be extremely hazardous. There is therefore a pressing need for a more effective treatment strategy for GBM to complement or replace existing treatment options. Cell-based and cell-free immunotherapies are currently being investigated to develop new treatment modalities against cancer. These treatments have the potential to be both selective and successful in minimizing off-target collateral harm in the normal brain. In this review, several aspects of cell-based and cell-free immunotherapies related to GBM will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Wang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiaojie Wang
- Basic Medical School, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaoyan Jin
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yufu Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, the Affiliated Hospital of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yiyuan Yang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yusi Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Medical College of Yan’an University, Yan’an, Shaanxi, China
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9
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Boulton S, Crupi MJF, Singh S, Carter-Timofte ME, Azad T, Organ BC, He X, Gill R, Neault S, Jamieson T, Dave J, Kurmasheva N, Austin B, Petryk J, Singaravelu R, Huang BZ, Franco N, Babu K, Parks RJ, Ilkow CS, Olagnier D, Bell JC. Inhibition of Exchange Proteins Directly Activated by cAMP (EPAC) as a Strategy for Broad-Spectrum Antiviral Development. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104749. [PMID: 37100284 PMCID: PMC10124099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent SARS-CoV-2 and mpox outbreaks have highlighted the need to expand our arsenal of broad-spectrum antiviral agents for future pandemic preparedness. Host-directed antivirals are an important tool to accomplish this as they typically offer protection against a broader range of viruses than direct-acting antivirals and have a lower susceptibility to viral mutations that cause drug resistance. In this study, we investigate the Exchange Protein Activated by cAMP (EPAC) as a target for broad-spectrum antiviral therapy. We find that the EPAC-selective inhibitor, ESI-09 provides robust protection against a variety of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and Vaccinia (VACV) - an orthopoxvirus from the same family as mpox. We show, using a series of immunofluorescence experiments, that ESI-09 remodels the actin cytoskeleton through Rac1/Cdc42 GTPases and the Arp2/3 complex, impairing internalization of viruses that use clathrin-mediated endocytosis (e.g. VSV) or micropinocytosis (e.g. VACV). Additionally, we find that ESI-09 disrupts syncytia formation and inhibits cell-to-cell transmission of viruses such as measles and VACV. When administered to immune-deficient mice in an intranasal challenge model, ESI-09 protects mice from lethal doses of VACV and prevents formation of pox lesions. Altogether, our finding show that EPAC antagonists such as ESI-09 are promising candidates for broad-spectrum antiviral therapy that can aid in the fight against ongoing and future viral outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Boulton
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
| | - Mathieu J F Crupi
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Siddharth Singh
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | | | - Taha Azad
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of microbiology and infectious diseases, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1E 4K8, Canada; Centre de Recherche du CHUS, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Bailey C Organ
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Xiaohong He
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Rida Gill
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Serge Neault
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Taylor Jamieson
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jaahnavi Dave
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Naziia Kurmasheva
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - Bradley Austin
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Julia Petryk
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9
| | - Ben Zhen Huang
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Noah Franco
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Kaaviya Babu
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Robin J Parks
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Carolina S Ilkow
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - David Olagnier
- Aarhus University, Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus C, 8000, Denmark
| | - John C Bell
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8L6, Canada; Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada; Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8M5, Canada.
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10
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Lin D, Shen Y, Liang T. Oncolytic virotherapy: basic principles, recent advances and future directions. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:156. [PMID: 37041165 PMCID: PMC10090134 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01407-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted growing awareness in the twenty-first century, as they are generally considered to have direct oncolysis and cancer immune effects. With the progress in genetic engineering technology, OVs have been adopted as versatile platforms for developing novel antitumor strategies, used alone or in combination with other therapies. Recent studies have yielded eye-catching results that delineate the promising clinical outcomes that OVs would bring about in the future. In this review, we summarized the basic principles of OVs in terms of their classifications, as well as the recent advances in OV-modification strategies based on their characteristics, biofunctions, and cancer hallmarks. Candidate OVs are expected to be designed as "qualified soldiers" first by improving target fidelity and safety, and then equipped with "cold weapons" for a proper cytocidal effect, "hot weapons" capable of activating cancer immunotherapy, or "auxiliary weapons" by harnessing tactics such as anti-angiogenesis, reversed metabolic reprogramming and decomposing extracellular matrix around tumors. Combinations with other cancer therapeutic agents have also been elaborated to show encouraging antitumor effects. Robust results from clinical trials using OV as a treatment congruously suggested its significance in future application directions and challenges in developing OVs as novel weapons for tactical decisions in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yinan Shen
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tingbo Liang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Pancreatic Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Zhejiang Clinical Research Center of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- The Innovation Center for the Study of Pancreatic Diseases of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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11
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Wang S, Liang B, Wang W, Li L, Feng N, Zhao Y, Wang T, Yan F, Yang S, Xia X. Viral vectored vaccines: design, development, preventive and therapeutic applications in human diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:149. [PMID: 37029123 PMCID: PMC10081433 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01408-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Human diseases, particularly infectious diseases and cancers, pose unprecedented challenges to public health security and the global economy. The development and distribution of novel prophylactic and therapeutic vaccines are the prioritized countermeasures of human disease. Among all vaccine platforms, viral vector vaccines offer distinguished advantages and represent prominent choices for pathogens that have hampered control efforts based on conventional vaccine approaches. Currently, viral vector vaccines remain one of the best strategies for induction of robust humoral and cellular immunity against human diseases. Numerous viruses of different families and origins, including vesicular stomatitis virus, rabies virus, parainfluenza virus, measles virus, Newcastle disease virus, influenza virus, adenovirus and poxvirus, are deemed to be prominent viral vectors that differ in structural characteristics, design strategy, antigen presentation capability, immunogenicity and protective efficacy. This review summarized the overall profile of the design strategies, progress in advance and steps taken to address barriers to the deployment of these viral vector vaccines, simultaneously highlighting their potential for mucosal delivery, therapeutic application in cancer as well as other key aspects concerning the rational application of these viral vector vaccines. Appropriate and accurate technological advances in viral vector vaccines would consolidate their position as a leading approach to accelerate breakthroughs in novel vaccines and facilitate a rapid response to public health emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Liang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Weiqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ling Li
- China National Research Center for Exotic Animal Diseases, China Animal Health and Epidemiology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Na Feng
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yongkun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tiecheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Feihu Yan
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Songtao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
| | - Xianzhu Xia
- Key Laboratory of Jilin Province for Zoonosis Prevention and Control, Changchun Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China.
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12
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Xie L, Meng Z. Immunomodulatory effect of locoregional therapy in the tumor microenvironment. Mol Ther 2023; 31:951-969. [PMID: 36694462 PMCID: PMC10124087 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy appears to be a promising treatment option; however, only a subset of patients with cancer responds favorably to treatment. Locoregional therapy initiates a local antitumor immune response by disrupting immunosuppressive components, releasing immunostimulatory damage-associated molecular patterns, recruiting immune effectors, and remodeling the tumor microenvironment. Many studies have shown that locoregional therapy can produce specific antitumor immunity alone; nevertheless, the effect is relatively weak and transient. Furthermore, increasing research efforts have explored the potential synergy between locoregional therapy and immunotherapy to enhance the long-term systemic antitumor immune effect and improve survival. Therefore, further research is needed into the immunomodulatory effects of locoregional therapy and immunotherapy to augment antitumor effects. This review article summarizes the key components of the tumor microenvironment, discusses the immunomodulatory role of locoregional therapy in the tumor microenvironment, and emphasizes the therapeutic potential of locoregional therapy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Xie
- Department of Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Meng
- Department of Minimally Invasive Therapy Center, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China.
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13
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Asija S, Chatterjee A, Goda JS, Yadav S, Chekuri G, Purwar R. Oncolytic immunovirotherapy for high-grade gliomas: A novel and an evolving therapeutic option. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1118246. [PMID: 37006286 PMCID: PMC10050572 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1118246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is one of the most difficult tumor types to manage, having high morbidity and mortality with available therapies (surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy). Immunotherapeutic agents like Oncolytic Viruses (OVs), Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs), Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cell therapies are now being extensively used as experimental therapies in the management of glioblastoma. Oncolytic virotherapy is an emerging form of anti-cancer therapy, employing nature’s own agents to target and destroy glioma cells. Several oncolytic viruses have demonstrated the ability to infect and lyse glioma cells by inducing apoptosis or triggering an anti-tumor immune response. In this mini-review, we discuss the role of OV therapy (OVT) in malignant gliomas with a special focus on ongoing and completed clinical trials and the ensuing challenges and perspectives thereof in subsequent sections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweety Asija
- Department of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
| | - Abhishek Chatterjee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre (TMH & ACTREC) & Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Jayant S. Goda
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre (TMH & ACTREC) & Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Sandhya Yadav
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre (TMH & ACTREC) & Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Godhanjali Chekuri
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Tata Memorial Centre (TMH & ACTREC) & Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, India
| | - Rahul Purwar
- Department of Biosciences, Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India
- *Correspondence: Rahul Purwar,
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14
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Sossa-Rojas H, Franco-Maz PG, Zapata-Acevedo C, Gutierrez-Castañeda LD, Guerrero C. Preclinical evaluation of oncolytic potential human rotavirus Wt 1-5 in gastric adenocarcinoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285543. [PMID: 37186587 PMCID: PMC10184912 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in biomedical research, gastric cancer remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide due to the limited efficacy of conventional therapies. In recent decades, oncolytic viruses have emerged as a biological therapeutic alternative to cancer due to their selectivity, effectiveness, and low toxicity. However, clinical trials have shown that developing a virus with selectivity for multiple tumor receptors and the ability to penetrate and diffuse through the tumor microenvironment to reactivate the immune system remains challenging. This study aimed to examine the oncolytic potential of tumor cell-adapted rotavirus Wt1-5 in gastric adenocarcinoma samples. This study focused on determining the propagation capacity of the RV Wt1-5 through the tumor and the importance of the expression of cell surface co-receptors, including integrin β3, protein disulfide isomerase (PDI), and heat shock proteins (Hsp-90, -70, -60, -40, and Hsc 70), during infection of tumor cells. These proteins were found to be differentially expressed in tumor cells compared to adjacent non-tumor cells. Preincubation of gastric tumor cells with antibodies against these proteins decreased rotavirus infections, validating their importance in the binding and entry of RV Wt1-5 into tumor cells, as previously reported. Upon RV infection, apoptosis was one of the types of death that was observed. This was evidenced by evaluating the expression of CASP-3, -9, PARP, cytochrome C, Bax, Bid, p53, and Bcl-2, as well as observing morphological changes such as chromatin margination, nuclear condensation, and fragmentation. Finally, at 60 h.p.i, histological analysis revealed that oncolysis compromised the entire thickness of the tumor. Therefore, the results suggest that RV Wt1-5 could be a novel therapeutic agent co-adjuvant agent for conventional and targeted therapies in managing GC. Ex vivo infection of the tumor tissue model showed characteristics of an immune response that could be explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Sossa-Rojas
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas y Medicina Oral, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Pedro Gabriel Franco-Maz
- Departamento de Morfología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Servicio de Patología, Hospital Universitario La Samaritana, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Carlos Zapata-Acevedo
- Departamento de Cirugía, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
- Servicio de Cirugía General, Hospital Universitario La Samaritana, Bogoté, D.C., Colombia
| | - Luz Dary Gutierrez-Castañeda
- Research Institute, Grupos Ciencias Básicas en Salud - CBS-FUCS, Fundación Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Hospital Infantil Universitario de San Josá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
| | - Carlos Guerrero
- Departamento de Ciencias Fisiológicas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Sede Bogotá, Bogotá, D.C., Colombia
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15
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Fang C, Xiao G, Wang T, Song L, Peng B, Xu B, Zhang K. Emerging Nano-/Biotechnology Drives Oncolytic Virus-Activated and Combined Cancer Immunotherapy. RESEARCH 2023; 6:0108. [PMID: 37040283 PMCID: PMC10079287 DOI: 10.34133/research.0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) as one promising antitumor methods have made important contributions to tumor immunotherapy, which arouse increasing attention. They provide the dual mechanisms including direct killing effect toward tumor cells and immune activation for elevating antitumor responses, which have been proved in many preclinical studies. Especially, natural or genetically modified viruses as clinical immune preparations have emerged as a new promising approach objective to oncology treatment. The approval of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the therapy of advanced melanoma could be considered as a milestone achievement in the clinical translation of OV. In this review, we first discussed the antitumor mechanisms of OVs with an emphasis on targeting, replication, and propagation. We further outlined the state of the art of current OVs in tumor and underlined the activated biological effects especially including immunity. More significantly, the enhanced immune responses based on OVs were systematically discussed from different perspectives such as combination with immunotherapy, genetic engineering of OVs, integration with nanobiotechnology or nanoparticles, and antiviral response counteraction, where their principles were shed light on. The development of OVs in the clinics was also highlighted to analyze the actuality and concerns of different OV applications in clinical trials. At last, the future perspectives and challenges of OVs as an already widely accepted treatment means were discussed. This review will provide a systematic review and deep insight into OV development and also offer new opportunities and guidance pathways to drive the further clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Fang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Gaozhe Xiao
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics,
Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
| | - Taixia Wang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Li Song
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Bo Peng
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
| | - Bin Xu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital,
Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, No. 639 Zhizaoju Road, Huangpu, Shanghai 200011, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Central Laboratory and Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People’s Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine,
Tongji University, No. 301 Yan-chang-zhong Road, Shanghai 200072, China
- National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics,
Guangxi Medical University, No. 22 Shuangyong Road 22, Nanning, Guangxi 530021, China
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16
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Sounbuli K, Mironova N, Alekseeva L. Diverse Neutrophil Functions in Cancer and Promising Neutrophil-Based Cancer Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415827. [PMID: 36555469 PMCID: PMC9779721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils represent the most abundant cell type of leukocytes in the human blood and have been considered a vital player in the innate immune system and the first line of defense against invading pathogens. Recently, several studies showed that neutrophils play an active role in the immune response during cancer development. They exhibited both pro-oncogenic and anti-tumor activities under the influence of various mediators in the tumor microenvironment. Neutrophils can be divided into several subpopulations, thus contradicting the traditional concept of neutrophils as a homogeneous population with a specific function in the innate immunity and opening new horizons for cancer therapy. Despite the promising achievements in this field, a full understanding of tumor-neutrophil interplay is currently lacking. In this review, we try to summarize the current view on neutrophil heterogeneity in cancer, discuss the different communication pathways between tumors and neutrophils, and focus on the implementation of these new findings to develop promising neutrophil-based cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khetam Sounbuli
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-383-363-51-61
| | - Ludmila Alekseeva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
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17
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Műzes G, Bohusné Barta B, Szabó O, Horgas V, Sipos F. Cell-Free DNA in the Pathogenesis and Therapy of Non-Infectious Inflammations and Tumors. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10112853. [PMID: 36359370 PMCID: PMC9687442 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The basic function of the immune system is the protection of the host against infections, along with the preservation of the individual antigenic identity. The process of self-tolerance covers the discrimination between self and foreign antigens, including proteins, nucleic acids, and larger molecules. Consequently, a broken immunological self-tolerance results in the development of autoimmune or autoinflammatory disorders. Immunocompetent cells express pattern-recognition receptors on their cell membrane and cytoplasm. The majority of endogenous DNA is located intracellularly within nuclei and mitochondria. However, extracellular, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) can also be detected in a variety of diseases, such as autoimmune disorders and malignancies, which has sparked interest in using cfDNA as a possible biomarker. In recent years, the widespread use of liquid biopsies and the increasing demand for screening, as well as monitoring disease activity and therapy response, have enabled the revival of cfDNA research. The majority of studies have mainly focused on the function of cfDNA as a biomarker. However, research regarding the immunological consequences of cfDNA, such as its potential immunomodulatory or therapeutic benefits, is still in its infancy. This article discusses the involvement of various DNA-sensing receptors (e.g., absent in melanoma-2; Toll-like receptor 9; cyclic GMP-AMP synthase/activator of interferon genes) in identifying host cfDNA as a potent danger-associated molecular pattern. Furthermore, we aim to summarize the results of the experimental studies that we recently performed and highlight the immunomodulatory capacity of cfDNA, and thus, the potential for possible therapeutic consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ferenc Sipos
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-20-478-0752; Fax: +36-1-266-0816
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18
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Vorobjeva IV, Zhirnov OP. Modern approaches to treating cancer with oncolytic viruses. MICROBIOLOGY INDEPENDENT RESEARCH JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.18527/2500-2236-2022-9-1-91-112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
According to the World Health Organization, cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. This serves as a powerful incentive to search for new effective cancer treatments. Development of new oncolytic viruses capable of selectively destroying cancer cells is one of the modern approaches to cancer treatment. The advantage of this method – the selective lysis of tumor cells with the help of viruses – leads to an increase in the antitumor immune response of the body, that in turn promotes the destruction of the primary tumor and its metastases. Significant progress in development of this method has been achieved in the last decade. In this review we analyze the literature data on families of oncolytic viruses that have demonstrated a positive therapeutic effect against malignant neoplasms in various localizations. We discuss the main mechanisms of the oncolytic action of viruses and assess their advantages over other methods of cancer therapy as well as the prospects for their use in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. V. Vorobjeva
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology
| | - O. P. Zhirnov
- N. F. Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology, D. I. Ivanovsky Institute of Virology; The Russian-German Academy of Medical and Biotechnological Sciences
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19
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Jafari M, Kadkhodazadeh M, Shapourabadi MB, Goradel NH, Shokrgozar MA, Arashkia A, Abdoli S, Sharifzadeh Z. Immunovirotherapy: The role of antibody based therapeutics combination with oncolytic viruses. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1012806. [PMID: 36311790 PMCID: PMC9608759 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1012806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the fact that the new drugs and targeted therapies have been approved for cancer therapy during the past 30 years, the majority of cancer types are still remain challenging to be treated. Due to the tumor heterogeneity, immune system evasion and the complex interaction between the tumor microenvironment and immune cells, the great majority of malignancies need multimodal therapy. Unfortunately, tumors frequently develop treatment resistance, so it is important to have a variety of therapeutic choices available for the treatment of neoplastic diseases. Immunotherapy has lately shown clinical responses in malignancies with unfavorable outcomes. Oncolytic virus (OV) immunotherapy is a cancer treatment strategy that employs naturally occurring or genetically-modified viruses that multiply preferentially within cancer cells. OVs have the ability to not only induce oncolysis but also activate cells of the immune system, which in turn activates innate and adaptive anticancer responses. Despite the fact that OVs were translated into clinical trials, with T-VECs receiving FDA approval for melanoma, their use in fighting cancer faced some challenges, including off-target side effects, immune system clearance, non-specific uptake, and intratumoral spread of OVs in solid tumors. Although various strategies have been used to overcome the challenges, these strategies have not provided promising outcomes in monotherapy with OVs. In this situation, it is increasingly common to use rational combinations of immunotherapies to improve patient benefit. With the development of other aspects of cancer immunotherapy strategies, combinational therapy has been proposed to improve the anti-tumor activities of OVs. In this regard, OVs were combined with other biotherapeutic platforms, including various forms of antibodies, nanobodies, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, and dendritic cells, to reduce the side effects of OVs and enhance their efficacy. This article reviews the promising outcomes of OVs in cancer therapy, the challenges OVs face and solutions, and their combination with other biotherapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdie Jafari
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Arash Arashkia
- Department of Molecular Virology, Pasture Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriyar Abdoli
- School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Zahra Sharifzadeh, ; Shahriyar Abdoli,
| | - Zahra Sharifzadeh
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
- *Correspondence: Zahra Sharifzadeh, ; Shahriyar Abdoli,
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20
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Zhu Z, McGray AJR, Jiang W, Lu B, Kalinski P, Guo ZS. Improving cancer immunotherapy by rationally combining oncolytic virus with modulators targeting key signaling pathways. Mol Cancer 2022; 21:196. [PMID: 36221123 PMCID: PMC9554963 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-022-01664-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) represent a new class of multi-modal immunotherapies for cancer, with OV-elicited antitumor immunity being key to their overall therapeutic efficacy. Currently, the clinical effectiveness of OV as monotherapy remains limited, and thus investigators have been exploring various combinations with other anti-cancer agents and demonstrated improved therapeutic efficacy. As cancer cells have evolved to alter key signaling pathways for enhanced cell proliferation, cancer progression and metastasis, these cellular and molecular changes offer promising targets for rational cancer therapy design. In this regard, key molecules in relevant signaling pathways for cancer cells or/and immune cells, such as EGFR-KRAS (e.g., KRASG12C), PI3K-AKT-mTOR, ERK-MEK, JAK-STAT, p53, PD-1-PD-L1, and epigenetic, or immune pathways (e.g., histone deacetylases, cGAS-STING) are currently under investigation and have the potential to synergize with OV to modulate the immune milieu of the tumor microenvironment (TME), thereby improving and sustaining antitumor immunity. As many small molecule modulators of these signaling pathways have been developed and have shown strong therapeutic potential, here we review key findings related to both OV-mediated immunotherapy and the utility of small molecule modulators of signaling pathways in immuno-oncology. Then, we focus on discussion of the rationales and potential strategies for combining OV with selected modulators targeting key cellular signaling pathways in cancer or/and immune cells to modulate the TME and enhance antitumor immunity and therapeutic efficacy. Finally, we provide perspectives and viewpoints on the application of novel experimental systems and technologies that can propel this exciting branch of medicine into a bright future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Zhu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Surgical Oncology and General Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - A J Robert McGray
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Weijian Jiang
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Binfeng Lu
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Immunology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Pawel Kalinski
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
| | - Zong Sheng Guo
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. .,Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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21
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Ailia MJ, Yoo SY. In Vivo Oncolytic Virotherapy in Murine Models of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review. Vaccines (Basel) 2022; 10:vaccines10091541. [PMID: 36146619 PMCID: PMC9505175 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines10091541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Current therapies often provide marginal survival benefits at the expense of undesirable side effects. Oncolytic viruses represent a novel strategy for the treatment of HCC due to their inherent ability to cause direct tumor cell lysis while sparing normal tissue and their capacity to stimulate potent immune responses directed against uninfected tumor cells and distant metastases. Oncolytic virotherapy (OVT) is a promising cancer treatment, but before it can become a standard option in practice, several challenges-systemic viral delivery optimization/enhancement, inter-tumoral virus dispersion, anti-cancer immunity cross-priming, and lack of artificial model systems-need to be addressed. Addressing these will require an in vivo model that accurately mimics the tumor microenvironment and allows the scientific community to design a more precise and accurate OVT. Due to their close physiologic resemblance to humans, murine cancer models are the likely preferred candidates. To provide an accurate assessment of the current state of in vivo OVT in HCC, we have reviewed a comprehensively searched body of work using murine in vivo HCC models for OVT.
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22
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Tumor Temperature: Friend or Foe of Virus-Based Cancer Immunotherapy. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10082024. [PMID: 36009571 PMCID: PMC9405776 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10082024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The temperature of a solid tumor is often dissimilar to baseline body temperature and, compared to healthy tissues, may be elevated, reduced, or a mix of both. The temperature of a tumor is dependent on metabolic activity and vascularization and can change due to tumor progression, treatment, or cancer type. Despite the need to function optimally within temperature-variable tumors, oncolytic viruses (OVs) are primarily tested at 37 °C in vitro. Furthermore, animal species utilized to test oncolytic viruses, such as mice, dogs, cats, and non-human primates, poorly recapitulate the temperature profile of humans. In this review, we discuss the importance of temperature as a variable for OV immunotherapy of solid tumors. Accumulating evidence supports that the temperature sensitivity of OVs lies on a spectrum, with some OVs likely hindered but others enhanced by elevated temperatures. We suggest that in vitro temperature sensitivity screening be performed for all OVs destined for the clinic to identify potential hinderances or benefits with regard to elevated temperature. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for the clinical use of temperature and OVs.
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23
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Optogenetic technologies in translational cancer research. Biotechnol Adv 2022; 60:108005. [PMID: 35690273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Gene and cell therapies are widely recognized as future cancer therapeutics but poor controllability limits their clinical applications. Optogenetics, the use of light-controlled proteins to precisely spatiotemporally regulate the activity of genes and cells, opens up new possibilities for cancer treatment. Light of specific wavelength can activate the immune response, oncolytic activity and modulate cell signaling in tumor cells non-invasively, in dosed manner, with tissue confined action and without side effects of conventional therapies. Here, we review optogenetic approaches in cancer research, their clinical potential and challenges of incorporating optogenetics in cancer therapy. We critically discuss beneficial combinations of optogenetic technologies with therapeutic nanobodies, T-cell activation and CAR-T cell approaches, genome editors and oncolytic viruses. We consider viral vectors and nanoparticles for delivering optogenetic payloads and activating light to tumors. Finally, we highlight herein the prospects for integrating optogenetics into immunotherapy as a novel, fast, reversible and safe approach to cancer treatment.
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24
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Mealiea D, McCart JA. Cutting both ways: the innate immune response to oncolytic virotherapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:629-646. [PMID: 34453122 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00351-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs), above and beyond infecting and lysing malignant cells, interact with the immune system in complex ways that have important therapeutic significance. While investigation into these interactions is still in its early stages, important insights have been made over the past two decades that will help improve the clinical efficacy of OV-based management strategies in cancer care moving forward. The inherent immunosuppression that defines the tumor microenvironment can be modified by OV infection, and the subsequent recruitment and activation of innate immune cells, in particular, is central to this. Indeed, neutrophils, macrophages, natural killer cells, and dendritic cells, as well as other populations such as myeloid-derived suppressor cells, are key to the immune escape that allows tumors to survive, but their natural response to infection can be exploited by virotherapy. While stimulation of innate immune cells by OVs can initiate antitumor responses, related antiviral activity can limit virus spread and direct cytopathogenic effects. In this review, we highlight how each innate immune cell population influences this balance of antitumor and antiviral forces during virotherapy, some of the important molecular pathways that have been identified, and specific therapeutic targets that have emerged through this work. We discuss the importance of OV-based combination therapies in optimizing antiviral and antitumor innate immune responses stimulated by virotherapy toward tumor eradication, and how these processes vary depending on the tumor and OV in question. Rather than concentrating on a particular OV species in the review, we present the range of effects that have been documented across OV types to emphasize the context-specific nature of these interactions and how this is important in the design of future OV-based treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Mealiea
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - J Andrea McCart
- Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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25
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Clinical activity of single-dose systemic oncolytic VSV virotherapy in patients with relapsed refractory T-cell lymphoma. Blood Adv 2022; 6:3268-3279. [PMID: 35175355 PMCID: PMC9198941 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2021006631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical success with intravenous (IV) oncolytic virotherapy (OV) has to-date been anecdotal. We conducted a phase 1 clinical trial of systemic OV and investigated the mechanisms of action in responding patients. A single IV dose of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) interferon-β (IFN-β) with sodium iodide symporter (NIS) was administered to patients with relapsed/refractory hematologic malignancies to determine safety and efficacy across 4 dose levels (DLs). Correlative studies were undertaken to evaluate viremia, virus shedding, virus replication, and immune responses. Fifteen patients received VSV-IFNβ-NIS. Three patients were treated at DL1 through DL3 (0.05, 0.17, and 0.5 × 1011 TCID50), and 6 were treated at DL4 (1.7 × 1011 TCID50) with no dose-limiting toxicities. Three of 7 patients with T-cell lymphoma (TCL) had responses: a 3-month partial response (PR) at DL2, a 6-month PR, and a complete response (CR) ongoing at 20 months at DL4. Viremia peaked at the end of infusion, g was detected. Plasma IFN-β, a biomarker of VSV-IFNβ-NIS replication, peaked between 4 hours and 48 hours after infusion. The patient with CR had robust viral replication with increased plasma cell-free DNA, high peak IFN-β of 18 213 pg/mL, a strong anti-VSV neutralizing antibody response, and increased numbers of tumor reactive T-cells. VSV-IFNβ-NIS as a single agent was effective in patients with TCL, resulting in durable disease remissions in heavily pretreated patients. Correlative analyses suggest that responses may be due to a combination of direct oncolytic tumor destruction and immune-mediated tumor control. This trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03017820.
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26
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Wang L, Chard Dunmall LS, Cheng Z, Wang Y. Remodeling the tumor microenvironment by oncolytic viruses: beyond oncolysis of tumor cells for cancer treatment. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004167. [PMID: 35640930 PMCID: PMC9157365 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cells manipulate the local environment in which they grow, creating a tumor microenvironment (TME) that promotes tumor survival and metastasis. The TME is an extremely complex environment rich in immunosuppressive cells and cytokines. Various methods to therapeutically target the complicated TME are emerging as a potential approach for cancer treatment. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are one of the most promising methods for remodeling the TME into an antitumor environment and can be used alone or in combination with other immunotherapy options. OVs replicate specifically in tumor cells and can be genetically engineered to target multiple elements of the TME simultaneously, thus representing a therapeutic with the potential to modify the TME to promote activation of antitumor immune cells and overcome tumor therapeutic resistance and recurrence. In this review, we analyze the tropism of OVs towards tumor cells and explore the interaction between OVs and immune cells, tumor stroma, vasculature and the metabolic environment in detail to help understand how OVs may be one of our most promising prospects for long-term curative therapies. We also discuss some of the challenges associated with TME therapies, and future perspectives in this evolving field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Wang
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Louisa S Chard Dunmall
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Zhenguo Cheng
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yaohe Wang
- National Centre for International Research in Cell and Gene Therapy, Sino-British Research Centre for Molecular Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention and Treatment, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Centre for Cancer Biomarkers and Biotherapeutics, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
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27
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Wedge ME, Jennings VA, Crupi MJF, Poutou J, Jamieson T, Pelin A, Pugliese G, de Souza CT, Petryk J, Laight BJ, Boileau M, Taha Z, Alluqmani N, McKay HE, Pikor L, Khan ST, Azad T, Rezaei R, Austin B, He X, Mansfield D, Rose E, Brown EEF, Crawford N, Alkayyal A, Surendran A, Singaravelu R, Roy DG, Migneco G, McSweeney B, Cottee ML, Jacobus EJ, Keller BA, Yamaguchi TN, Boutros PC, Geoffrion M, Rayner KJ, Chatterjee A, Auer RC, Diallo JS, Gibbings D, tenOever BR, Melcher A, Bell JC, Ilkow CS. Virally programmed extracellular vesicles sensitize cancer cells to oncolytic virus and small molecule therapy. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1898. [PMID: 35393414 PMCID: PMC8990073 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29526-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer therapeutics clearly demonstrate the need for innovative multiplex therapies that attack the tumour on multiple fronts. Oncolytic or “cancer-killing” viruses (OVs) represent up-and-coming multi-mechanistic immunotherapeutic drugs for the treatment of cancer. In this study, we perform an in-vitro screen based on virus-encoded artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs) and find that a unique amiRNA, herein termed amiR-4, confers a replicative advantage to the VSVΔ51 OV platform. Target validation of amiR-4 reveals ARID1A, a protein involved in chromatin remodelling, as an important player in resistance to OV replication. Virus-directed targeting of ARID1A coupled with small-molecule inhibition of the methyltransferase EZH2 leads to the synthetic lethal killing of both infected and uninfected tumour cells. The bystander killing of uninfected cells is mediated by intercellular transfer of extracellular vesicles carrying amiR-4 cargo. Altogether, our findings establish that OVs can serve as replicating vehicles for amiRNA therapeutics with the potential for combination with small molecule and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy. RNA-based viruses can be engineered to express artificial microRNAs (amiRNAs). Here, the authors identify a candidate amiRNA that confers a replicative advantage to oncolytic viruses, enhancing their anticancer potency, and show that intercellular transfer of extracellular vesicles carrying the amiRNA promotes bystander killing of uninfected cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Eve Wedge
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Victoria A Jennings
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK.,Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Mathieu J F Crupi
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Joanna Poutou
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taylor Jamieson
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Adrian Pelin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Giuseppe Pugliese
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Julia Petryk
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian J Laight
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meaghan Boileau
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Zaid Taha
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nouf Alluqmani
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hayley E McKay
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Pikor
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarwat Tahsin Khan
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Taha Azad
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Reza Rezaei
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Bradley Austin
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Xiaohong He
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Elaine Rose
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Emily E F Brown
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natalie Crawford
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Almohanad Alkayyal
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abera Surendran
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ragunath Singaravelu
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Dominic G Roy
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gemma Migneco
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Benjamin McSweeney
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mary Lynn Cottee
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Egon J Jacobus
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Brian A Keller
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Takafumi N Yamaguchi
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul C Boutros
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Urology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Institute for Precision Health, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Katey J Rayner
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Avijit Chatterjee
- The Ottawa Hospital, Division of Gastroenterology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Simon Diallo
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Derrick Gibbings
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Benjamin R tenOever
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - John C Bell
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolina S Ilkow
- Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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28
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Tian Y, Xie D, Yang L. Engineering strategies to enhance oncolytic viruses in cancer immunotherapy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2022; 7:117. [PMID: 35387984 PMCID: PMC8987060 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-00951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are emerging as potentially useful platforms in treatment methods for patients with tumors. They preferentially target and kill tumor cells, leaving healthy cells unharmed. In addition to direct oncolysis, the essential and attractive aspect of oncolytic virotherapy is based on the intrinsic induction of both innate and adaptive immune responses. To further augment this efficacious response, OVs have been genetically engineered to express immune regulators that enhance or restore antitumor immunity. Recently, combinations of OVs with other immunotherapies, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), antigen-specific T-cell receptors (TCRs) and autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), have led to promising progress in cancer treatment. This review summarizes the intrinsic mechanisms of OVs, describes the optimization strategies for using armed OVs to enhance the effects of antitumor immunity and highlights rational combinations of OVs with other immunotherapies in recent preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaomei Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.,College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, No. 519, Huixing Road, 643000, Zigong, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Daoyuan Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center/Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 17, Section 3, South Renmin Road, 610041, Chengdu, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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29
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Miguel Cejalvo J, Falato C, Villanueva L, Tolosa P, González X, Pascal M, Canes J, Gavilá J, Manso L, Pascual T, Prat A, Salvador F. Oncolytic Viruses: a new immunotherapeutic approach for breast cancer treatment? Cancer Treat Rev 2022; 106:102392. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2022.102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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Wang JY, Chen H, Dai SZ, Huang FY, Lin YY, Wang CC, Li L, Zheng WP, Tan GH. Immunotherapy combining tumor and endothelium cell lysis with immune enforcement by recombinant MIP-3α Newcastle disease virus in a vessel-targeting liposome enhances antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:jitc-2021-003950. [PMID: 35256516 PMCID: PMC8905871 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-003950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several agents for oncolytic immunotherapy have been approved for clinical use, but monotherapy is modest for most oncolytic agents. The combination of several therapeutic strategies through recombinant and nanotechnology to engineer multifunctional oncolytic viruses for oncolytic immunotherapy is a promising strategy. Methods An endothelium-targeting iRGD-liposome encapsulating a recombinant Newcastle disease virus (NDV), which expresses the dendritic cell (DC) chemokine MIP-3α (iNDV3α-LP), and three control liposomes were constructed. MIP-3α, HMGB1, IgG, and ATP were detected by western blotting or ELISA. The chemotaxis of DCs was examined by Transwell chambers. The phenotypes of the immune cells were analyzed by flow cytometry. The antitumor efficiency was investigated in B16 and 4T1 tumor-bearing mice. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry were used to observe the localization of liposomes, molecular expression and angiogenesis. Synergistic index was calculated using the data of tumor volume, tumor angiogenesis and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. Results Compared with NDV-LP, treatment with iNDV3α-LP and NDV3α-LP induced stronger virus replication and cell lysis in B16 and 4T1 tumor cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with the best response observed following iNDV3α-LP treatment. B16 and 4T1 cells treated with iNDV3α-LP produced more damage-associated molecular pattern molecules, including secreted HMGB1, ATP, and calreticulin. Moreover, iNDV3α-LP specifically bound to αvβ3-expressing 4T1 cells and HUVECs and to tumor neovasculature. Tumor growth was significantly suppressed, and survival was longer in iNDV3α-LP-treated B16-bearing and 4T1-bearing mice. A mechanism study showed that iNDV3α-LP treatment initiated the strongest tumor-specific cellular and humoral immune response. Moreover, iNDV3α-LP treatment could significantly suppress tumor angiogenesis and reverse the tumor immune suppressive microenvironment in both B16-bearing and 4T1-bearing mice. Conclusions In this study, iNDV3α-LP had several functions, such as tumor and vessel lysis, MIP-3α immunotherapy, and binding to αvβ3-expressing tumor and its neovasculature. iNDV3α-LP treatment significantly suppressed tumor angiogenesis and reversed the tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment. These findings offer a strong rationale for further clinical investigation into a combination strategy for oncolytic immunotherapy, such as the formulation iNDV3α-LP in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Yan Wang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hengyu Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China.,Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Dai
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Feng-Ying Huang
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Ying-Ying Lin
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Cai-Chun Wang
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wu-Ping Zheng
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Guang-Hong Tan
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University; Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education & Hainan Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Naumenko VA, Stepanenko AA, Lipatova AV, Vishnevskiy DA, Chekhonin VP. Infection of non-cancer cells: A barrier or support for oncolytic virotherapy? MOLECULAR THERAPY - ONCOLYTICS 2022; 24:663-682. [PMID: 35284629 PMCID: PMC8898763 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses are designed to specifically target cancer cells, sparing normal cells. Although numerous studies demonstrate the ability of oncolytic viruses to infect a wide range of non-tumor cells, the significance of this phenomenon for cancer virotherapy is poorly understood. To fill the gap, we summarize the data on infection of non-cancer targets by oncolytic viruses with a special focus on tumor microenvironment and secondary lymphoid tissues. The review aims to address two major questions: how do attenuated viruses manage to infect normal cells, and whether it is of importance for oncolytic virotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor A. Naumenko
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
- Corresponding author Victor A. Naumenko, PhD, V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia.
| | - Aleksei A. Stepanenko
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
| | - Anastasiia V. Lipatova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Daniil A. Vishnevskiy
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Chekhonin
- V. Serbsky National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Narcology, Moscow 119034, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology, N.I Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow 117997, Russia
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32
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Zadaloo KM, Bamdad T, Abdoli A, Choobin H, Karimi H. Inhibition of Autophagy by 3-MA Increases Oncolysis Effect of VSV in a Murine Model of Cancer. Mol Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893322020169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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33
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Alekseeva L, Mironova N. Role of Cell-Free DNA and Deoxyribonucleases in Tumor Progression. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12246. [PMID: 34830126 PMCID: PMC8625144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have reported an increase in the level of circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in the blood of patients with cancer. cfDNA mainly comes from tumor cells and, therefore, carries features of its genomic profile. Moreover, tumor-derived cfDNA can act like oncoviruses, entering the cells of vulnerable organs, transforming them and forming metastatic nodes. Another source of cfDNA is immune cells, including neutrophils that generate neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). Despite the potential eliminative effect of NETs on tumors, in some cases, their excessive generation provokes tumor growth as well as invasion. Considering both possible pathological contributions of cfDNA, as an agent of oncotransformation and the main component of NETs, the study of deoxyribonucleases (DNases) as anticancer and antimetastatic agents is important and promising. This review considers the pathological role of cfDNA in cancer development and the role of DNases as agents to prevent and/or prohibit tumor progression and the development of metastases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nadezhda Mironova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Lavrentiev Ave., 8, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia;
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34
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Jin S, Wang Q, Wu H, Pang D, Xu S. Oncolytic viruses for triple negative breast cancer and beyond. Biomark Res 2021; 9:71. [PMID: 34563270 PMCID: PMC8466906 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-021-00318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological therapy is considered an alternative treatment capable of eliciting the same effects on tumors as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. As a major player in biological therapy, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have attracted great attention and achieved good results. Specifically, the successful application of OVs in head and neck cancer, as well as melanoma, promoted its research in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). TNBC is a high-risk molecular type of breast cancer, characterized by strong invasion, easy recurrence, and metastasis. Due to the absence of estrogen and progesterone receptors, as well as the absence of overexpression or gene amplification of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), endocrine therapy and anti HER-2 targeted therapy have proven ineffective. Although chemotherapy has shown substantial efficacy in some TNBC patients, the occurrence of drug resistance and poor prognosis have prompted the exploration of new and effective treatment methods. The emerging concept of OVs provides a new platform to treat TNBC. Indeed, several studies have confirmed the therapeutic effects of OVs in TNBC. Numerous studies have also investigated the efficacy of OVs in other malignances, including solid tumor clinical trials, thus further demonstrating the promising application of oncolytic virotherapy for TNBC. The primary focus of the current review is the examination of OV mechanisms underlying their antitumor properties, while also summarizing the ongoing progress in OV research regarding TNBC treatment, as well as the various combinatorial strategies comprising OVs and other therapies. We also briefly introduce specific relevant clinical trials and discuss some of the progress in the research of novel OVs for the treatment of other malignancies, thereby affirming the significant therapeutic potential of OVs for the treatment of TNBC, as well as other cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengye Jin
- Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China.,Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Qin Wang
- Sino-Russian Medical Research Cen8ter, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China.,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 1550081, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China.,Sino-Russian Medical Research Cen8ter, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China.,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 1550081, China
| | - Da Pang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Sino-Russian Medical Research Cen8ter, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China.
| | - Shouping Xu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 150081, China. .,Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Sciences, 157 Baojian Road, Harbin, 150086, China. .,Translational Medicine Research and Cooperation Center of Northern China, Harbin Medical University, 150 Haping Road, Harbin, 1550081, China.
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35
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Kim TE, Puckett S, Zhang K, Herpai DM, Ornelles DA, Davis JN, van den Pol AN, Debinski W, Lyles DS. Diversity in responses to oncolytic Lassa-vesicular stomatitis virus in patient-derived glioblastoma cells. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2021; 22:232-244. [PMID: 34514102 PMCID: PMC8424128 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2021.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The difficulty of glioblastoma treatment makes it a good candidate for novel therapies, such as oncolytic viruses. Vesicular stomatitis virus expressing Lassa virus glycoprotein (Lassa-VSV) showed significant promise in animal models using established glioblastoma cell lines. These experiments were to determine the susceptibility of low-passage, patient-derived cell lines to Lassa-VSV oncolysis. Four patient-derived glioblastoma cell lines were infected with Lassa-VSV that expresses green fluorescent protein (GFP) and analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, flow cytometry, and cell viability assays. Cells were also analyzed as tumorspheres containing primarily glioma stem-like cells. Three low-passage, patient-derived cells were further analyzed with RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Individual cell lines varied somewhat in their levels of viral gene expression and time course of Lassa-VSV-induced cell death, but each was susceptible to Lassa-VSV. Brain Tumor Center of Excellence (BTCOE) 4765 cells had the highest level of expression of interferon-stimulated genes but were most susceptible to Lassa-VSV-induced cell death, indicating that more susceptible cells do not necessarily have lower interferon pathway activation. Cells cultured as tumorspheres and infected with Lassa-VSV also showed variable susceptibility to Lassa-VSV, but BTCOE 4765 cells were least susceptible. Thus, patient-derived brain tumor cells show variable responses to Lassa-VSV infection, but each of the lines was susceptible to VSV oncolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy E Kim
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shelby Puckett
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kailong Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Denise M Herpai
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - David A Ornelles
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John N Davis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Waldemar Debinski
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Douglas S Lyles
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd., Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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36
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Lee YS, Lee WS, Kim CW, Lee SJ, Yang H, Kong SJ, Ning J, Yang KM, Kang B, Kim WR, Chon HJ, Kim C. Oncolytic vaccinia virus reinvigorates peritoneal immunity and cooperates with immune checkpoint inhibitor to suppress peritoneal carcinomatosis in colon cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 8:jitc-2020-000857. [PMID: 33199510 PMCID: PMC7670945 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-000857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) is a common and devastating manifestation of colon cancer and refractory to conventional anticancer therapeutics. During the peritoneal dissemination of colon cancer, peritoneal immunity is nullified by various mechanisms of immune evasion. Here, we employed the armed oncolytic vaccinia virus mJX-594 (JX) to rejuvenate the peritoneal antitumor immune responses in the treatment of PC. Methods PC model of MC38 colon cancer was generated and intraperitoneally treated with JX and/or anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody. The peritoneal tumor burden, vascular leakage, and malignant ascites formation were then assessed. Tumors and peritoneal lavage cells were analyzed by flow cytometry, multiplex tissue imaging, and a NanoString assay. Results JX treatment effectively suppressed peritoneal cancer progression and malignant ascites formation. It also restored the peritoneal anticancer immunity by activating peritoneal dendritic cells (DCs) and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, JX selectively infected and killed peritoneal colon cancer cells and promoted the intratumoral infiltration of DCs and CD8+ T cells into peritoneal tumor nodules. JX reinvigorates anticancer immunity by reprogramming immune-related transcriptional signatures within the tumor microenvironment. Notably, JX cooperates with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), anti-programmed death-1, anti-programmed death-ligand 1, and anti-lymphocyte-activation gene-3 to elicit a stronger anticancer immunity that eliminates peritoneal metastases and malignant ascites of colon cancer compared with JX or ICI alone. Conclusions Intraperitoneal immunotherapy with JX restores peritoneal anticancer immunity and potentiates immune checkpoint blockade to suppress PC and malignant ascites in colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Seong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Won Suk Lee
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chang Woo Kim
- Kyung Hee University Gangdong Hospital, Gangdong-gu, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Seung Joon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hannah Yang
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - So Jung Kong
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - John Ning
- SillaJen Biotherapeutics, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Beodeul Kang
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Woo Ram Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Hong Jae Chon
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
| | - Chan Kim
- Medical Oncology, CHA Bundang Medical Center, CHA University School of Medicine, Seongnam, Korea (the Republic of)
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37
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Using oncolytic viruses to ignite the tumour immune microenvironment in bladder cancer. Nat Rev Urol 2021; 18:543-555. [PMID: 34183833 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-021-00483-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has transformed the treatment paradigm for bladder cancer. However, despite the success of ICI in other tumour types, the majority of ICI-treated patients with bladder cancer failed to respond. The lack of efficacy in some patients could be attributed to a paucity of pre-existing immune reactive cells within the tumour immune microenvironment, which limits the beneficial effects of ICI. In this setting, strategies to attract lymphocytes before implementation of ICI could be helpful. Oncolytic virotherapy is thought to induce the release of damage-associated molecular patterns, eliciting a pro-inflammatory cytokine cascade and stimulating the activation of the innate immune system. Concurrently, oncolytic virotherapy-induced oncolysis leads to further release of neoantigens and subsequent epitope spreading, culminating in a robust, tumour-specific adaptive immune response. Combination therapy using oncolytic virotherapy with ICI has proven successful in a number of preclinical studies and is beginning to enter clinical trials for the treatment of both non-muscle-invasive and muscle-invasive bladder cancer. In this context, understanding of the mechanisms underpinning oncolytic virotherapy and its potential synergism with ICI will enable clinicians to effectively deploy oncolytic virotherapy, either as monotherapy or as combination therapy in the different clinical stages of bladder cancer.
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38
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Malogolovkin A, Gasanov N, Egorov A, Weener M, Ivanov R, Karabelsky A. Combinatorial Approaches for Cancer Treatment Using Oncolytic Viruses: Projecting the Perspectives through Clinical Trials Outcomes. Viruses 2021; 13:1271. [PMID: 34209981 PMCID: PMC8309967 DOI: 10.3390/v13071271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent cancer immunotherapy breakthroughs have fundamentally changed oncology and revived the fading hope for a cancer cure. The immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) became an indispensable tool for the treatment of many malignant tumors. Alongside ICI, the application of oncolytic viruses in clinical trials is demonstrating encouraging outcomes. Dozens of combinations of oncolytic viruses with conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy are widely used or studied, but it seems quite complicated to highlight the most effective combinations. Our review summarizes the results of clinical trials evaluating oncolytic viruses with or without genetic alterations in combination with immune checkpoint blockade, cytokines, antigens and other oncolytic viruses as well. This review is focused on the efficacy and safety of virotherapy and the most promising combinations based on the published clinical data, rather than presenting all oncolytic virus variations, which are discussed in comprehensive literature reviews. We briefly revise the research landscape of oncolytic viruses and discuss future perspectives in virus immunotherapy, in order to provide an insight for novel strategies of cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Malogolovkin
- Gene Therapy Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (N.G.); (A.E.); (M.W.); (R.I.)
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Karabelsky
- Gene Therapy Department, Sirius University of Science and Technology, Olympic Avenue, 1, 354340 Sochi, Russia; (N.G.); (A.E.); (M.W.); (R.I.)
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Speziale P, Pietrocola G. Staphylococcus aureus induces neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) and neutralizes their bactericidal potential. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:3451-3457. [PMID: 34194670 PMCID: PMC8220102 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are considered part of the innate human immune system because they are involved in host defense during bacterial infections. NETs are formed by activated neutrophils and consist of a DNA backbone combined with proteins with different biological functions. The activity of NETs can be significantly reduced by a Staphylococcus aureus DNase, which degrades the DNA backbone and enables the liberation of bacteria from NETs, and by Eap, a secreted protein which binds and aggregates linearized DNA, suppressing the formation of NETs. Furthermore, the pathogen can resist NET-mediated killing by expressing the surface protein FnBPB, which neutralizes the bactericidal activity of histones. Finally, the anti-staphylococcal activity of NETs is counteracted and blocked by S. aureus biofilm. Staphylococcal cells and several virulence factors such as protein A and phenol-soluble modulins can also elicit the formation of NETs which in turn can cause tissue injury, enhancing bacterial performance in host colonization. The identification of additional virulence factors involved in NET formation/neutralization could provide the basis for therapeutic interventions against this formidable pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Speziale
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giampiero Pietrocola
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Biochemistry Unit, Viale Taramelli 3/b, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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40
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van Schaik TA, Chen KS, Shah K. Therapy-Induced Tumor Cell Death: Friend or Foe of Immunotherapy? Front Oncol 2021; 11:678562. [PMID: 34141622 PMCID: PMC8204251 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.678562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Combinatory treatments using surgery, radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy together with immunotherapy have shown encouraging results for specific subsets of tumors, but a significant proportion of tumors remains unsusceptible. Some of these inconsistencies are thought to be the consequence of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) caused by therapy-induced tumor cell death (TCD). An increased understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing TCD has provided valuable insights in specific signaling cascades activated by treatment and the subsequent effects on the TME. Depending on the treatment variables of conventional chemo-, radio- and immunotherapy and the genetic composition of the tumor cells, particular cell death pathways are activated. Consequently, TCD can either have tolerogenic or immunogenic effects on the local environment and thereby affect the post-treatment anti-tumor response of immune cells. Thus, identification of these events can provide new rationales to increase the efficacy of conventional therapies combined with immunotherapies. In this review, we sought to provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms initiated by conventional therapies and the impact of treatment-induced TCD on the TME. We also provide some perspectives on how we can circumvent tolerogenic effects by adequate treatment selection and manipulation of key signaling cascades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs A van Schaik
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kok-Siong Chen
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Khalid Shah
- Center for Stem Cell Therapeutics and Imaging (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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41
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Mozaffari Nejad AS, Noor T, Munim ZH, Alikhani MY, Ghaemi A. A bibliometric review of oncolytic virus research as a novel approach for cancer therapy. Virol J 2021; 18:98. [PMID: 33980264 PMCID: PMC8113799 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In recent years, oncolytic viruses (OVs) have drawn attention as a novel therapy to various types of cancers, both in clinical and preclinical cancer studies all around the world. Consequently, researchers have been actively working on enhancing cancer therapy since the early twentieth century. This study presents a systematic review of the literature on OVs, discusses underlying research clusters and, presents future directions of OVs research. Methods A total of 1626 published articles related to OVs as cancer therapy were obtained from the Web of Science (WoS) database published between January 2000 and March 2020. Various aspects of OVs research, including the countries/territories, institutions, journals, authors, citations, research areas, and content analysis to find trending and emerging topics, were analysed using the bibliometrix package in the R-software. Results In terms of the number of publications, the USA based researchers were the most productive (n = 611) followed by Chinese (n = 197), and Canadian (n = 153) researchers. The Molecular Therapy journal ranked first both in terms of the number of publications (n = 133) and local citations (n = 1384). The most prominent institution was Mayo Clinic from the USA (n = 117) followed by the University of Ottawa from Canada (n = 72), and the University of Helsinki from Finland (n = 63). The most impactful author was Bell J.C with the highest number of articles (n = 67) and total local citations (n = 885). The most impactful article was published in the Cell journal. In addition, the latest OVs research mainly builds on four research clusters. Conclusion The domain of OVs research has increased at a rapid rate from 2000 to 2020. Based on the synthesis of reviewed studies, adenovirus, herpes simplex virus, reovirus, and Newcastle disease virus have shown potent anti-cancer activity. Developed countries such as the USA, Canada, the UK, and Finland were the most productive, hence, contributed most to this field. Further collaboration will help improve the clinical research translation of this therapy and bring benefits to cancer patients worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tehjeeb Noor
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Horten, Norway
| | - Ziaul Haque Munim
- Faculty of Technology, Natural and Maritime Sciences, University of South-Eastern Norway, Horten, Norway
| | - Mohammad Yousef Alikhani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Amir Ghaemi
- Department of Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
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42
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Wan PKT, Ryan AJ, Seymour LW. Beyond cancer cells: Targeting the tumor microenvironment with gene therapy and armed oncolytic virus. Mol Ther 2021; 29:1668-1682. [PMID: 33845199 PMCID: PMC8116634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2021.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer gene therapies are usually designed either to express wild-type copies of tumor suppressor genes or to exploit tumor-associated phenotypic changes to endow selective cytotoxicity. However, these approaches become less relevant to cancers that contain many independent mutations, and the situation is made more complex by our increased understanding of clonal evolution of tumors, meaning that different metastases and even regions of the same tumor mass have distinct mutational and phenotypic profiles. In contrast, the relatively genetically stable tumor microenvironment (TME) therefore provides an appealing therapeutic target, particularly since it plays an essential role in promoting cancer growth, immune tolerance, and acquired resistance to many therapies. Recently, a variety of different TME-targeted gene therapy and armed oncolytic strategies have been explored, with particular success observed in strategies targeting the cancer stroma, reducing tumor vasculature, and repolarizing the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, we review the progress of these TME-targeting approaches and try to highlight those showing the greatest promise.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anderson J Ryan
- Department Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
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Heidbuechel JPW, Engeland CE. Oncolytic viruses encoding bispecific T cell engagers: a blueprint for emerging immunovirotherapies. J Hematol Oncol 2021; 14:63. [PMID: 33863363 PMCID: PMC8052795 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Bispecific T cell engagers (BiTEs) are an innovative class of immunotherapeutics that redirect T cells to tumor surface antigens. While efficacious against certain hematological malignancies, limited bioavailability and severe toxicities have so far hampered broader clinical application, especially against solid tumors. Another emerging cancer immunotherapy are oncolytic viruses (OVs) which selectively infect and replicate in malignant cells, thereby mediating tumor vaccination effects. These oncotropic viruses can serve as vectors for tumor-targeted immunomodulation and synergize with other immunotherapies. In this article, we discuss the use of OVs to overcome challenges in BiTE therapy. We review the current state of the field, covering published preclinical studies as well as ongoing clinical investigations. We systematically introduce OV-BiTE vector design and characteristics as well as evidence for immune-stimulating and anti-tumor effects. Moreover, we address additional combination regimens, including CAR T cells and immune checkpoint inhibitors, and further strategies to modulate the tumor microenvironment using OV-BiTEs. The inherent complexity of these novel therapeutics highlights the importance of translational research including correlative studies in early-phase clinical trials. More broadly, OV-BiTEs can serve as a blueprint for diverse OV-based cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes P W Heidbuechel
- Research Group Mechanisms of Oncolytic Immunotherapy, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christine E Engeland
- Research Group Mechanisms of Oncolytic Immunotherapy, Clinical Cooperation Unit Virotherapy, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Medical Oncology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Center for Biomedical Research and Education (ZBAF), School of Medicine, Institute of Virology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany.
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Yurchenko KS, Glushchenko AV, Gulyaeva MA, Bi Y, Chen J, Shi W, Adamenko LS, Shestopalov AM. Intratumoral Virotherapy with Wild-Type Newcastle Disease Virus in Carcinoma Krebs-2 Cancer Model. Viruses 2021; 13:v13040552. [PMID: 33806229 PMCID: PMC8067130 DOI: 10.3390/v13040552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The results of experimental and clinical trials of the agents based on oncolytic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) strains provided hope for the development of virotherapy as a promising method for treating human tumors. However, the mechanism of the antitumor effect of NDV and realization of its cytotoxic potential in a cancer cell remains to be elucidated. In the current work, we have studied the antitumor effect of NDV in a syngeneic model of mouse Krebs-2 carcinoma treated with intratumoral injections of a wild-type strain NDV/Altai/pigeon/770/2011. Virological methods were used for preparation of a virus-containing sample. Colorimetric MTS assay was used to assess the viability of Krebs-2 tumor cells infected with a viral strain in vitro. In vivo virotherapy was performed in eight-week-old male BALB/c mice treated with serial intratumoral injections of NDV in an experimental model of Krebs-2 solid carcinoma. Changes in the tumor nodes of Krebs-2 carcinoma after virotherapy were visualized by MRI and immunohistological staining. Light microscopy examination, immunohistochemical and morphometric analyses have shown that intratumoral viral injections contribute to the inhibition of tumor growth, appearance of necrosis-like changes in the tumor tissue and the antiangiogenic effect of the virus. It has been established that a course of intratumoral virotherapy with NDV/Altai/pigeon/770/2011 strain in a mouse Krebs-2 carcinoma resulted in increased destructive changes in the tumor tissue, in the volume density of necrotic foci and numerical density of endothelial cells expressing CD34 and VEGFR. These results indicate that intratumoral NDV injection reduces tumor progression of an aggressive tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kseniya S. Yurchenko
- FRC of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Eurasian Institute of Zoonotic Infections, Timakova Street 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.G.); (M.A.G.); (L.S.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Alexandra V. Glushchenko
- FRC of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Eurasian Institute of Zoonotic Infections, Timakova Street 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.G.); (M.A.G.); (L.S.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Marina A. Gulyaeva
- FRC of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Eurasian Institute of Zoonotic Infections, Timakova Street 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.G.); (M.A.G.); (L.S.A.); (A.M.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Street 2, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yuhai Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Center for Influenza Research and Early-Warning (CASCIRE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China;
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 44 Xiaohongshan, Wuhan 430071, China;
| | - Weifeng Shi
- Key Laboratory of Etiology and Epidemiology of Emerging Infectious Diseases in Universities of Shandong, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Taian 271016, China;
| | - Lyubov S. Adamenko
- FRC of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Eurasian Institute of Zoonotic Infections, Timakova Street 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.G.); (M.A.G.); (L.S.A.); (A.M.S.)
| | - Alexander M. Shestopalov
- FRC of Fundamental and Translational Medicine, Eurasian Institute of Zoonotic Infections, Timakova Street 2, 630117 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.V.G.); (M.A.G.); (L.S.A.); (A.M.S.)
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Parking CAR T Cells in Tumours: Oncolytic Viruses as Valets or Vandals? Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13051106. [PMID: 33807553 PMCID: PMC7961585 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13051106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) and adoptive T cell therapy (ACT) each possess direct tumour cytolytic capabilities, and their combination potentially seems like a match made in heaven to complement the strengths and weakness of each modality. While providing strong innate immune stimulation that can mobilize adaptive responses, the magnitude of anti-tumour T cell priming induced by OVs is often modest. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) modified T cells bypass conventional T cell education through introduction of a synthetic receptor; however, realization of their full therapeutic properties can be stunted by the heavily immune-suppressive nature of the tumour microenvironment (TME). Oncolytic viruses have thus been seen as a natural ally to overcome immunosuppressive mechanisms in the TME which limit CAR T cell infiltration and functionality. Engineering has further endowed viruses with the ability to express transgenes in situ to relieve T cell tumour-intrinsic resistance mechanisms and decorate the tumour with antigen to overcome antigen heterogeneity or loss. Despite this helpful remodeling of the tumour microenvironment, it has simultaneously become clear that not all virus induced effects are favourable for CAR T, begging the question whether viruses act as valets ushering CAR T into their active site, or vandals which cause chaos leading to both tumour and T cell death. Herein, we summarize recent studies combining these two therapeutic modalities and seek to place them within the broader context of viral T cell immunology which will help to overcome the current limitations of effective CAR T therapy to make the most of combinatorial strategies.
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Wang C, Li Q, Xiao B, Fang H, Huang B, Huang F, Wang Y. Luteolin enhances the antitumor efficacy of oncolytic vaccinia virus that harbors IL-24 gene in liver cancer cells. J Clin Lab Anal 2021; 35:e23677. [PMID: 33274495 PMCID: PMC7957971 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.23677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin 24 (IL-24) is an IL-10 family member and a secreted cytokine characterized by cancer-targeted toxicity and can activate apoptosis by sensitizing cancer cells to chemotherapy. Cytotoxic effects of luteolin on different types of cancer cells suppress their growth by acting on the components of the apoptosis signaling cascade. Therefore, our study aimed to prove whether oncolytic vaccinia virus (VV) that harbors IL-24 (VV-IL-24) combine with luteolin exerts a synergistic inhibitory effect in liver cancer cells. METHODS Impacts on cell viability of VV-IL-24 and luteolin were assessed by MTT in various liver cancer cell lines. Then, liver cancer cell apoptosis was analyzed via flow cytometry and Western blotting. Besides, the MHCC97-H xenograft mouse model was employed as a means of assessing in vivo antitumor efficacy. RESULTS MTT assay confirmed that the combination treatment decreased liver cancer cells viability to a greater degree than treatment with VV-IL-24 or luteolin alone. Flow cytometry and Western blot assay proved that VV-IL-24 plus luteolin induced more liver cancer cells apoptosis than single treatment. Furthermore, in the MHCC97-H xenograft model, 15 days of treatment with VV-IL-24 plus luteolin inhibited tumor growth significantly more than single treatment. CONCLUSION These data confirm that the synergistic mechanism of VV-IL-24 and luteolin elicits a stronger tumor growth inhibition than any single therapy. Thus, the combination of VV-IL-24 and luteolin could provide the basis for preclinical research in the treatment of liver cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunming Wang
- College of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Boduan Xiao
- College of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Huiling Fang
- College of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Biao Huang
- College of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of PathologyZhejiang Provincial People's HospitalPeople's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical CollegeHangzhouChina
| | - Yigang Wang
- College of Life Sciences and MedicineZhejiang Sci‐Tech UniversityHangzhouChina
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Vorobjeva NV. Neutrophil Extracellular Traps: New Aspects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 75:173-188. [PMID: 33583971 PMCID: PMC7869772 DOI: 10.3103/s0096392520040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Neutrophils are the "first line" of defense against pathogens in the locus of inflammation, where they use effector functions such as phagocytosis, degranulation, and formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In 2004, Artuto Zychlinsky characterized one more neutrophil effector function-the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (or NETs). NETs are a modified chromatin "decorated" by bactericidal proteins of granules, nucleus, and cytoplasm. The release of NETs can be activated by diverse physiological and pharmacological stimuli and depends on ROS, for which NADPH oxidase is the main source. In the process of NET formation, the release of bactericidal components of granules into the cytoplasm, modification of histones leading to chromatin decondensation, destruction of the nuclear envelope and cytoplasmic membrane with the involvement of gasdermin D protein, and, finally, the release of chromatin outside the cell occurs. At the same time, uncontrolled formation of NETs is a provoking factor in the development of many inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. NETs were found at autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and vasculitis; NETs are involved in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, pulmonary, and oncological diseases. In this review, the main ideas about the mechanisms of NET formation, as well as their role in physiological processes and pathogenesis of a number of diseases (including COVID-19), are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Vorobjeva
- Department of Biology, Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
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Zhang S, Rabkin SD. The discovery and development of oncolytic viruses: are they the future of cancer immunotherapy? Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 16:391-410. [PMID: 33232188 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1850689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Despite diverse treatment modalities and novel therapies, many cancers and patients are not effectively treated. Cancer immunotherapy has recently achieved breakthrough status yet is not effective in all cancer types or patients and can generate serious adverse effects. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a promising new therapeutic modality that harnesses virus biology and host interactions to treat cancer. OVs, genetically engineered or natural, preferentially replicate in and kill cancer cells, sparing normal cells/tissues, and mediating anti-tumor immunity.Areas covered: This review focuses on OVs as cancer therapeutic agents from a historical perspective, especially strategies to boost their immunotherapeutic activities. OVs offer a multifaceted platform, whose activities are modulated based on the parental virus and genetic alterations. In addition to direct viral effects, many OVs can be armed with therapeutic transgenes to also act as gene therapy vectors, and/or combined with other drugs or therapies.Expert opinion: OVs are an amazingly versatile and malleable class of cancer therapies. They tend to target cellular and host physiology as opposed to specific genetic alterations, which potentially enables broad responsiveness. The biological complexity of OVs have hindered their translation; however, the recent approval of talimogene laherparepvec (T-Vec) has invigorated the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunchuan Zhang
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and the Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samuel D Rabkin
- Molecular Neurosurgery Laboratory and the Brain Tumor Research Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Vorobjeva NV, Chernyak BV. NETosis: Molecular Mechanisms, Role in Physiology and Pathology. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2020; 85:1178-1190. [PMID: 33202203 PMCID: PMC7590568 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297920100065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
NETosis is a program for formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which consist of modified chromatin decorated with bactericidal proteins from granules and cytoplasm. Various pathogens, antibodies and immune complexes, cytokines, microcrystals, and other physiological stimuli can cause NETosis. Induction of NETosis depends on reactive oxygen species (ROS), the main source of which is NADPH oxidase. Activation of NADPH oxidase depends on increase in the concentration of Ca2+ in the cytoplasm and in some cases on the generation of ROS in mitochondria. NETosis includes release of the granule components into the cytosol, modification of histones leading to chromatin decondensation, destruction of the nuclear envelope, as well as formation of pores in the plasma membrane. In this review, basic mechanisms of NETosis, as well as its role in the pathogenesis of some diseases including COVID-19 are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- N V Vorobjeva
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
| | - B V Chernyak
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia.
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He L, Yu A, Deng L, Zhang H. Eradicating the Roots: Advanced Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Breast Cancer Stem Cells. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:2009-2021. [PMID: 32183663 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200317132949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidences have demonstrated that the existence of breast cancer-initiating cells, which drives the original tumorigenicity, local invasion and migration propensity of breast cancer. These cells, termed as breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs), possess properties including self-renewal, multidirectional differentiation and proliferative potential, and are believed to play important roles in the intrinsic drug resistance of breast cancer. One of the reasons why BCBCs cause difficulties in breast cancer treating is that BCBCs can control both genetic and non-genetic elements to keep their niches safe and sound, which allows BCSCs for constant self-renewal and differentiation. Therapeutic strategies designed to target BCSCs may ultimately result in effective interventions for the treatment of breast cancer. Novel strategies including nanomedicine, oncolytic virus therapy, immunotherapy and induced differentiation therapy are emerging and proved to be efficient in anti-BCSCs therapy. In this review, we summarized breast tumor biology and the current challenges of breast cancer therapies, focused on breast cancer stem cells, and introduced promising therapeutic strategies targeting BCSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili He
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anran Yu
- The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 12246, United States
| | - Li Deng
- West China School of Pharmacy, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, MCPHS University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
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