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Structural, magnetic, magnetocaloric properties and critical behavior of La0.6Bi0.1Sr0.3−xCaxMn0.9Cu0.1O3 manganites (with x = 0.1 and 0.15). INORG CHEM COMMUN 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2021.108824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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2
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Wu Z, Boselli M, Li D, Fête A, Gibert M, Viret M, Gariglio S. Large Tuning of Electroresistance in an Electromagnetic Device Structure Based on the Ferromagnetic-Piezoelectric Interface. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:18984-18990. [PMID: 33851825 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The electrical control of the conducting state through phase transition and/or resistivity switching in heterostructures of strongly correlated oxides is at the core of the large on-going research activity of fundamental and applied interest. In an electromechanical device made of a ferromagnetic-piezoelectric heterostructure, we observe an anomalous negative electroresistance of ∼-282% and a significant tuning of the metal-to-insulator transition temperature when an electric field is applied across the piezoelectric. Supported by finite-element simulations, we identify the electric field applied along the conducting bridge of the device as the plausible origin: stretching the underlying piezoelectric substrate gives rise to a lattice distortion of the ferromagnetic manganite overlayer through epitaxial strain. Large modulations of the resistance are also observed by applying static dc voltages across the thickness of the piezoelectric substrate. These results indicate that the emergent electronic phase separation in the manganites can be selectively manipulated when interfacing with a piezoelectric material, which offers great opportunities in designing oxide-based electromechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenping Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications & School of Science, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing 100876, China
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Margherita Boselli
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Danfeng Li
- Department of Physics, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Alexandre Fête
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Marta Gibert
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Michel Viret
- SPEC, CEA Saclay, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif sur Yvette, France
| | - Stefano Gariglio
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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3
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Yamamoto K, Anada S, Sato T, Yoshimoto N, Hirayama T. Phase-shifting electron holography for accurate measurement of potential distributions in organic and inorganic semiconductors. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:24-38. [PMID: 33044557 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase-shifting electron holography (PS-EH) is an interference transmission electron microscopy technique that accurately visualizes potential distributions in functional materials, such as semiconductors. In this paper, we briefly introduce the features of the PS-EH that overcome some of the issues facing the conventional EH based on Fourier transformation. Then, we present a high-precision PS-EH technique with multiple electron biprisms and a sample preparation technique using a cryo-focused-ion-beam, which are important techniques for the accurate phase measurement of semiconductors. We present several applications of PS-EH to demonstrate the potential in organic and inorganic semiconductors and then discuss the differences by comparing them with previous reports on the conventional EH. We show that in situ biasing PS-EH was able to observe not only electric potential distribution but also electric field and charge density at a GaAs p-n junction and clarify how local band structures, depletion layer widths and space charges changed depending on the biasing conditions. Moreover, the PS-EH clearly visualized the local potential distributions of two-dimensional electron gas layers formed at AlGaN/GaN interfaces with different Al compositions. We also report the results of our PS-EH application for organic electroluminescence multilayers and point out the significant potential changes in the layers. The proposed PS-EH enables more precise phase measurement compared to the conventional EH, and our findings introduced in this paper will contribute to the future research and development of high-performance semiconductor materials and devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamamoto
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 456-8587, Japan.,Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anada
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 456-8587, Japan
| | - Takeshi Sato
- Nano-Technology Solution Business Group, Hitachi High-Tech Corporation, 1040, Ichige, Hitachinaka-shi, Ibaraki, 312-0033, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Yoshimoto
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Iwate University, 4-3-5 Ueda, Morioka, Iwate, 020-8551, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hirayama
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 456-8587, Japan
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Yamamoto K, Nakano K, Tanaka A, Honda Y, Ando Y, Ogura M, Matsumoto M, Anada S, Ishikawa Y, Amano H, Hirayama T. Visualization of different carrier concentrations in n-type-GaN semiconductors by phase-shifting electron holography with multiple electron biprisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 69:1-10. [PMID: 31711167 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfz037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Phase-shifting electron holography (PS-EH) using a transmission electron microscope (TEM) was applied to visualize layers with different concentrations of carriers activated by Si (at dopant levels of 1019, 1018, 1017 and 1016 atoms cm-3) in n-type GaN semiconductors. To precisely measure the reconstructed phase profiles in the GaN sample, three electron biprisms were used to obtain a series of high-contrast holograms without Fresnel fringes generated by a biprism filament, and a cryo-focused-ion-beam (cryo-FIB) was used to prepare a uniform TEM sample with less distortion in the wide field of view. All layers in a 350-nm-thick TEM sample were distinguished with 1.8-nm spatial resolution and 0.02-rad phase-resolution, and variations of step width in the phase profile (corresponding to depletion width) at the interfaces between the layers were also measured. Thicknesses of the active and inactive layers at each dopant level were estimated from the observed phase profile and the simulation of theoretical band structure. Ratio of active-layer thickness to total thickness of the TEM sample significantly decreased as dopant concentration decreased; thus, a thicker TEM sample is necessary to visualize lower carrier concentrations; for example, to distinguish layers with dopant concentrations of 1016 and 1015 atoms cm-3. It was estimated that sample thickness must be more than 700 nm to make it be possible to detect sub-layers by the combination of PS-EH and cryo-FIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamamoto
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakano
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan
| | - Atsushi Tanaka
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshio Honda
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuto Ando
- Department of Electronics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Masaya Ogura
- Department of Electronics, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Miko Matsumoto
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan
| | - Satoshi Anada
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan
| | - Yukari Ishikawa
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.,Materials Research and Development Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Amano
- Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan.,Akasaki Research Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Hirayama
- Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, 2-4-1 Mutsuno, Atsuta-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 456-8587, Japan.,Institute of Materials and Systems for Sustainability, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8603, Japan
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5
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Magnetic field observations in CoFeB/Ta layers with 0.67-nm resolution by electron holography. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16598. [PMID: 29209064 PMCID: PMC5717169 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16519-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanometre-scale magnetic field distributions in materials such as those at oxide interfaces, in thin layers of spintronics devices, and at boundaries in magnets have become important research targets in materials science and applied physics. Electron holography has advantages in nanometric magnetic field observations, and the realization of aberration correctors has improved its spatial resolution. Here we show the subnanometre magnetic field observations inside a sample at 0.67-nm resolution achieved by an aberration-corrected 1.2-MV holography electron microscope with a pulse magnetization system. A magnetization reduction due to intermixing in a CoFeB/Ta multilayer is analyzed by observing magnetic field and electrostatic potential distributions simultaneously. Our results demonstrate that high-voltage electron holography can be widely applied to pin-point magnetization analysis with structural and composition information in physics, chemistry, and materials science.
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Liu M, Sternbach AJ, Basov DN. Nanoscale electrodynamics of strongly correlated quantum materials. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2017; 80:014501. [PMID: 27811387 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/80/1/014501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Electronic, magnetic, and structural phase inhomogeneities are ubiquitous in strongly correlated quantum materials. The characteristic length scales of the phase inhomogeneities can range from atomic to mesoscopic, depending on their microscopic origins as well as various sample dependent factors. Therefore, progress with the understanding of correlated phenomena critically depends on the experimental techniques suitable to provide appropriate spatial resolution. This requirement is difficult to meet for some of the most informative methods in condensed matter physics, including infrared and optical spectroscopy. Yet, recent developments in near-field optics and imaging enabled a detailed characterization of the electromagnetic response with a spatial resolution down to 10 nm. Thus it is now feasible to exploit at the nanoscale well-established capabilities of optical methods for characterization of electronic processes and lattice dynamics in diverse classes of correlated quantum systems. This review offers a concise description of the state-of-the-art near-field techniques applied to prototypical correlated quantum materials. We also discuss complementary microscopic and spectroscopic methods which reveal important mesoscopic dynamics of quantum materials at different energy scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkun Liu
- Department of Physics, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
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7
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Cortés-Gil R, Ruiz-González ML, González-Merchante D, Alonso JM, Hernando A, Trasobares S, Vallet-Regí M, Rojo JM, González-Calbet JM. Experimental Evidence of the Origin of Nanophase Separation in Low Hole-Doped Colossal Magnetoresistant Manganites. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:760-765. [PMID: 26683223 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b04704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
While being key to understanding their intriguing physical properties, the origin of nanophase separation in manganites and other strongly correlated materials is still unclear. Here, experimental evidence is offered for the origin of the controverted phase separation mechanism in the representative La1-xCaxMnO3 system. For low hole densities, direct evidence of Mn(4+) holes localization around Ca(2+) ions is experimentally provided by means of aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy combined with electron energy loss spectroscopy. These localized holes give rise to the segregated nanoclusters, within which double exchange hopping between Mn(3+) and Mn(4+) remains restricted, accounting for the insulating character of perovskites with low hole density. This localization is explained in terms of a simple model in which Mn(4+) holes are bound to substitutional divalent Ca(2+) ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Cortés-Gil
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad Complutense (UCM), CEI Moncloa , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - M Luisa Ruiz-González
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad Complutense (UCM), CEI Moncloa , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel González-Merchante
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad Complutense (UCM), CEI Moncloa , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Alonso
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-CSIC-ADIF , P.O. Box 155, 28230 Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales, CSIC , Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz s/n, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Antonio Hernando
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-CSIC-ADIF , P.O. Box 155, 28230 Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Física de los Materiales, Facultad de Físicas, UCM, CEI Moncloa , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Trasobares
- Departamento de Ciencia de los Materiales e Ingeniería Metalúrgica y Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Cádiz , Campus Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real, Cádiz, Spain
| | - María Vallet-Regí
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Bioinorgánica, Facultad de Farmacia, UCM, CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN) , 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Rojo
- IMDEA Nanoscience, Ciudad Universitaria de Cantoblanco , C/Faraday 9, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José M González-Calbet
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad Complutense (UCM), CEI Moncloa , 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Magnetismo Aplicado, UCM-CSIC-ADIF , P.O. Box 155, 28230 Las Rozas, Madrid, Spain
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8
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Impact of disorder effect on the percolative conductivity in Nd0.5Ca0.5−Sr MnO3 (0.10 ≤x≤ 0.25). Chem Phys Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2015.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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9
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Lee Y, Liu ZQ, Heron JT, Clarkson JD, Hong J, Ko C, Biegalski MD, Aschauer U, Hsu SL, Nowakowski ME, Wu J, Christen HM, Salahuddin S, Bokor JB, Spaldin NA, Schlom DG, Ramesh R. Large resistivity modulation in mixed-phase metallic systems. Nat Commun 2015; 6:5959. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms6959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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10
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Murakami Y, Niitsu K, Tanigaki T, Kainuma R, Park HS, Shindo D. Magnetization amplified by structural disorder within nanometre-scale interface region. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4133. [PMID: 24939746 PMCID: PMC4083443 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct magnetization measurements from narrow, complex-shaped antiphase boundaries (APBs; that is, planar defect produced in any ordered crystals) are vitally important for advances in materials science and engineering. However, in-depth examination of APBs has been hampered by the lack of experimental tools. Here, based on electron microscopy observations, we report the unusual relationship between APBs and ferromagnetic spin order in Fe70Al30. Thermally induced APBs show a finite width (2–3 nm), within which significant atomic disordering occurs. Electron holography studies revealed an unexpectedly large magnetic flux density at the APBs, amplified by approximately 60% (at 293 K) compared with the matrix value. At elevated temperatures, the specimens showed a peculiar spin texture wherein the ferromagnetic phase was confined within the APB region. These observations demonstrate ferromagnetism stabilized by structural disorder within APBs, which is in direct contrast to the traditional understanding. The results accordingly provide rich conceptual insights for engineering APB-induced phenomena. Atomic disordering in antiphase boundary regions is believed to deteriorate ferromagnetic spin order in many alloys and compounds. Here, using electron microscopy, Murakami et al. report the unusual relationship between thermal antiphase boundaries and ferromagnetic spin order in Fe70Al30.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Murakami
- 1] Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan [2] Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Niitsu
- 1] Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan [2] Department of Materials Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - T Tanigaki
- 1] Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan [2] Central Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hatoyama 350-0395, Japan
| | - R Kainuma
- Department of Materials Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - H S Park
- 1] Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan [2] Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
| | - D Shindo
- 1] Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan [2] Center for Emergent Matter Science, RIKEN, Wako 351-0198, Japan
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Roy SB. First order magneto-structural phase transition and associated multi-functional properties in magnetic solids. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2013; 25:183201. [PMID: 23598463 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/25/18/183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We show that the first order magneto-structural phase transitions observed in various classes of magnetic solids are often accompanied by useful multi-functional properties, namely giant magneto-resistance, magneto-caloric effect and magneto-striction. We highlight various characteristic features associated with a disorder influenced first order phase transition namely supercooling, superheating, phase-coexistence and metastability, in several magnetic materials and discuss how a proper understanding of the transition process can help in fine tuning of the accompanied functional properties. Magneto-elastic coupling is a key element in this first order phase transition, and methods need to be explored for maximizing the contributions from both the lattice and the magnetic degree of freedom while simultaneously minimizing the thermomagnetic hysteresis loss. An analogy is also drawn with the first order phase transition observed in dielectric materials and vortex matter of type-II superconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sindhunil Barman Roy
- Magnetic and Superconducting Materials Section, Materials and Advanced Accelerator Sciences Division, Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology, Indore 452013, India.
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12
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Murakami Y, Kasai H, Kim JJ, Mamishin S, Shindo D, Mori S, Tonomura A. Ferromagnetic domain nucleation and growth in colossal magnetoresistive manganite. NATURE NANOTECHNOLOGY 2010; 5:37-41. [PMID: 19946285 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2009.342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2009] [Accepted: 10/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Colossal magnetoresistance is a dramatic decrease in resistivity caused by applied magnetic fields, and has been the focus of much research because of its potential for magnetic data storage using materials such as manganites. Although extensive microscopy and theoretical studies have shown that colossal magnetoresistance involves competing insulating and ferromagnetic conductive phases, the mechanism underlying the effect remains unclear. Here, by directly observing magnetic domain walls and flux distributions using cryogenic Lorentz microscopy and electron holography, we demonstrate that an applied magnetic field assists nucleation and growth of an ordered ferromagnetic phase. These results provide new insights into the evolution dynamics of complex domain structures at the nanoscale, and help to explain anomalous phase separation phenomena that are relevant for applications. Our approach can also be used to determine magnetic parameters of nanoscale regions, such as magnetocrystalline anisotropy and exchange stiffness, without bulk magnetization results or neutron scattering data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Murakami
- Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology, Kunigami, Okinawa 904-0411, Japan.
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Midgley PA, Dunin-Borkowski RE. Electron tomography and holography in materials science. NATURE MATERIALS 2009; 8:271-80. [PMID: 19308086 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 393] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of electron tomography, in particular the introduction of novel tomographic imaging modes, has led to the visualization and analysis of three-dimensional structural and chemical information from materials at the nanometre level. In addition, the phase information revealed in electron holograms allows electrostatic and magnetic potentials to be mapped quantitatively with high spatial resolution and, when combined with tomography, in three dimensions. Here we present an overview of the techniques of electron tomography and electron holography and demonstrate their capabilities with the aid of case studies that span materials science and the interface between the physical sciences and the life sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul A Midgley
- Department of Materials Science & Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge CB2 3QZ, UK.
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Dunin–Borkowski R, Kasama T, Harrison R. Electron Holography of Nanostructured Materials. NANOCHARACTERISATION 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/9781847557926-00138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R.E. Dunin–Borkowski
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
- Center for Electron Nanoscopy, Technical University of Denmark DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
| | - T. Kasama
- Frontier Research System The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research Hatoyama Saitama 350–0395 Japan
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK
| | - R.J. Harrison
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge Downing Street Cambridge CB2 3EQ UK
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15
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Du Y, Zhang X, Yu D, Yan H. Microstructure and Properties of La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 Films Deposited on LaAlO3(100), (110), and (111) Substrates. J RARE EARTH 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1002-0721(06)60163-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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16
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Loudon JC, Midgley PA. Micromagnetic imaging to determine the nature of the ferromagnetic phase transition in La(0.7)Ca(0.3)MnO3. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:027214. [PMID: 16486635 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.027214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
There is considerable controversy surrounding the nature of the paramagnetic to ferromagnetic phase transition in La(0.7)Ca(0.3)MnO3. We have used transmission electron microscopy to determine whether the phase transition is first or second order. On warming through the transition point, the ferromagnetic phase retreats from the sample surface as it is replaced by the paramagnetic phase. This coexistence of ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases indicates a primarily first order transition. However, there is also continuous loss of magnetization which precedes the phase transition. We compare this with the phase transition in nickel, an archetypal second order ferromagnet.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Loudon
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, Pembroke Street, Cambridge, CB2 3QZ, United Kingdom
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17
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Malavasi L, Ritter C, Cristina Mozzati M, Tealdi C, Saiful Islam M, Bruno Azzoni C, Flor G. Effects of cation vacancy distribution in doped LaMnO3+δ perovskites. J SOLID STATE CHEM 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jssc.2005.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Yoo JH, Murakami Y, Shindo D, Atou T, Kikuchi M. Interaction of separated ferromagnetic domains in a hole-doped manganite achieved by a magnetic field. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2004; 93:047204. [PMID: 15323790 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.93.047204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the change in the magnetic microstructure with the application of a magnetic field to a hole-doped manganite La0.81Sr0.19MnO3 in the mixed-phase state, in which ferromagnetic and paramagnetic phases coexist. In situ observations by electron holography have revealed that the applied magnetic field generates a "channel" of the magnetic flux in the paramagnetic phase region, thereby connecting the separated ferromagnetic domains. The magnetic flux density of this channel is estimated at 0.33 T, which is comparable with that of the ferromagnetic domains. The connection of the separated ferromagnetic domains appears to promote the conduction in the mixed-phase state as predicted for many manganites exhibiting the magnetoresistance effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Yoo
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan
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