1
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Ivanov IA, Kim KT. Entanglement in photo-ionization process. Sci Rep 2024; 14:11378. [PMID: 38762557 PMCID: PMC11102464 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-62198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/20/2024] Open
Abstract
We report a study of the entanglement between the quantized photon field and an atom arising in the photo-ionization process. Our approach is based on an ab initio solution of the time-dependent Schrödinger equation (TDSE) describing the quantum evolution of a bipartite system consisting of the atom and the quantized electromagnetic field. Using the solution of the TDSE, we calculate the reduced photon density matrix, which we subsequently use to compute entanglement entropy. We explain some properties of the entanglement entropy and propose an approximate formula for the entanglement entropy based on the analysis of the density matrix and its eigenvalues. We present the results of a comparative study of the entanglement in the photo-ionization process for various ionization regimes, including the tunneling and the multiphoton ionization regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- I A Ivanov
- Institute for Basic Science, Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea.
| | - Kyung Taec Kim
- Institute for Basic Science, Center for Relativistic Laser Science, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
- Department of Physics and Photon Science, GIST, Gwangju, 61005, Korea
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2
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Young AW, Geller S, Eckner WJ, Schine N, Glancy S, Knill E, Kaufman AM. An atomic boson sampler. Nature 2024; 629:311-316. [PMID: 38720040 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
A boson sampler implements a restricted model of quantum computing. It is defined by the ability to sample from the distribution resulting from the interference of identical bosons propagating according to programmable, non-interacting dynamics1. An efficient exact classical simulation of boson sampling is not believed to exist, which has motivated ground-breaking boson sampling experiments in photonics with increasingly many photons2-12. However, it is difficult to generate and reliably evolve specific numbers of photons with low loss, and thus probabilistic techniques for postselection7 or marked changes to standard boson sampling10-12 are generally used. Here, we address the above challenges by implementing boson sampling using ultracold atoms13,14 in a two-dimensional, tunnel-coupled optical lattice. This demonstration is enabled by a previously unrealized combination of tools involving high-fidelity optical cooling and imaging of atoms in a lattice, as well as programmable control of those atoms using optical tweezers. When extended to interacting systems, our work demonstrates the core abilities required to directly assemble ground and excited states in simulations of various Hubbard models15,16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron W Young
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Shawn Geller
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William J Eckner
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Nathan Schine
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland Department of Physics and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Scott Glancy
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Emanuel Knill
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, CO, USA
- Center for Theory of Quantum Matter, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Adam M Kaufman
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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3
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Karamlou AH, Rosen IT, Muschinske SE, Barrett CN, Di Paolo A, Ding L, Harrington PM, Hays M, Das R, Kim DK, Niedzielski BM, Schuldt M, Serniak K, Schwartz ME, Yoder JL, Gustavsson S, Yanay Y, Grover JA, Oliver WD. Probing entanglement in a 2D hard-core Bose-Hubbard lattice. Nature 2024; 629:561-566. [PMID: 38658761 PMCID: PMC11096108 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07325-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Entanglement and its propagation are central to understanding many physical properties of quantum systems1-3. Notably, within closed quantum many-body systems, entanglement is believed to yield emergent thermodynamic behaviour4-7. However, a universal understanding remains challenging owing to the non-integrability and computational intractability of most large-scale quantum systems. Quantum hardware platforms provide a means to study the formation and scaling of entanglement in interacting many-body systems8-14. Here we use a controllable 4 × 4 array of superconducting qubits to emulate a 2D hard-core Bose-Hubbard (HCBH) lattice. We generate superposition states by simultaneously driving all lattice sites and extract correlation lengths and entanglement entropy across its many-body energy spectrum. We observe volume-law entanglement scaling for states at the centre of the spectrum and a crossover to the onset of area-law scaling near its edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir H Karamlou
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Google Quantum AI, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| | - Ilan T Rosen
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sarah E Muschinske
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Cora N Barrett
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Wellesley College, Wellesley, MA, USA
| | - Agustin Di Paolo
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Leon Ding
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Patrick M Harrington
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Max Hays
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kyle Serniak
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Simon Gustavsson
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Yariv Yanay
- Laboratory for Physical Sciences, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Grover
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - William D Oliver
- Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA.
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4
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Mahdavifar S, Salehpour M, Cheraghi H, Afrousheh K. Resilience of quantum spin fluctuations against Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10034. [PMID: 38693194 PMCID: PMC11063192 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-60502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
In low-dimensional systems, the lack of structural inversion symmetry combined with the spin-orbit coupling gives rise to an anisotropic antisymmetric superexchange known as the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI). Various features have been reported due to the presence of DMIs in quantum systems. We here study the one-dimensional spin-1/2 transverse field XY chains with a DMI at zero temperature. Our focus is on the quantum fluctuations of the spins measured by the spin squeezing and the entanglement entropy. We find that these fluctuations are resistant to the effect of the DMI in the system. This resistance will fail as soon as the system is placed in the chiral phase where its state behaves as a squeezed state, suggesting the merit of the chiral phase to be used for quantum metrology. Remarkably, we prove that the central charge vanishes on the critical lines between gapless chiral and ferromagnetic/paramagnetic phases where there is no critical scaling versus the system size for the spin squeezing parameter. Our phenomenal results provide a further understanding of the effects of the DMIs in the many-body quantum systems which may be testable in experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Mahdavifar
- Department of Physics, University of Guilan, Rasht, 41335-1914, Iran
| | | | - Hadi Cheraghi
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014, Tampere, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Kourosh Afrousheh
- Department of Physics, Kuwait University, P. O. Box 5969, 13060, Safat, Kuwait.
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5
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Nandi S, Stenquist A, Papoulia A, Olofsson E, Badano L, Bertolino M, Busto D, Callegari C, Carlström S, Danailov MB, Demekhin PV, Di Fraia M, Eng-Johnsson P, Feifel R, Gallician G, Giannessi L, Gisselbrecht M, Manfredda M, Meyer M, Miron C, Peschel J, Plekan O, Prince KC, Squibb RJ, Zangrando M, Zapata F, Zhong S, Dahlström JM. Generation of entanglement using a short-wavelength seeded free-electron laser. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eado0668. [PMID: 38630815 PMCID: PMC11023495 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ado0668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Quantum entanglement between the degrees of freedom encountered in the classical world is challenging to observe due to the surrounding environment. To elucidate this issue, we investigate the entanglement generated over ultrafast timescales in a bipartite quantum system comprising two massive particles: a free-moving photoelectron, which expands to a mesoscopic length scale, and a light-dressed atomic ion, which represents a hybrid state of light and matter. Although the photoelectron spectra are measured classically, the entanglement allows us to reveal information about the dressed-state dynamics of the ion and the femtosecond extreme ultraviolet pulses delivered by a seeded free-electron laser. The observed generation of entanglement is interpreted using the time-dependent von Neumann entropy. Our results unveil the potential for using short-wavelength coherent light pulses from free-electron lasers to generate entangled photoelectron and ion systems for studying spooky action at a distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Nandi
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, 69622, Villeurbanne, France
| | - Axel Stenquist
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Edvin Olofsson
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Laura Badano
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - David Busto
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Carlo Callegari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | - Philipp V. Demekhin
- Institute of Physics and CINSaT, University of Kassel, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | | | | | - Raimund Feifel
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Luca Giannessi
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Catalin Miron
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, LIDYL, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- ELI-NP, “Horia Hulubei” National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Mǎgurele, Romania
| | - Jasper Peschel
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Oksana Plekan
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Kevin C. Prince
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Richard J. Squibb
- Department of Physics, University of Gothenburg, 41258 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marco Zangrando
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
- IOM-CNR, Istituto Officina dei Materiali, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Felipe Zapata
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
| | - Shiyang Zhong
- Department of Physics, Lund University, 22100 Lund, Sweden
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6
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Wang B, Aidelsburger M, Dalibard J, Eckardt A, Goldman N. Cold-Atom Elevator: From Edge-State Injection to the Preparation of Fractional Chern Insulators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:163402. [PMID: 38701474 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.163402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Optical box traps offer new possibilities for quantum-gas experiments. Building on their exquisite spatial and temporal control, we propose to engineer system-reservoir configurations using box traps, in view of preparing and manipulating topological atomic states in optical lattices. First, we consider the injection of particles from the reservoir to the system: this scenario is shown to be particularly well suited to activating energy-selective chiral edge currents, but also to prepare fractional Chern insulating ground states. Then, we devise a practical evaporative-cooling scheme to effectively cool down atomic gases into topological ground states. Our open-system approach to optical-lattice settings provides a new path for the investigation of ultracold quantum matter, including strongly correlated and topological phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botao Wang
- CENOLI, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Monika Aidelsburger
- Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Schellingstr. 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Schellingstrasse 4, D-80799 Munich, Germany
| | - Jean Dalibard
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
| | - André Eckardt
- Technische Universität Berlin, Institut für Theoretische Physik, Hardenbergstrasse 36, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan Goldman
- CENOLI, Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 231, Campus Plaine, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Collège de France, CNRS, ENS-Université PSL, Sorbonne Université, 11 Place Marcelin Berthelot, 75005 Paris, France
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7
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Shaw AL, Chen Z, Choi J, Mark DK, Scholl P, Finkelstein R, Elben A, Choi S, Endres M. Benchmarking highly entangled states on a 60-atom analogue quantum simulator. Nature 2024; 628:71-77. [PMID: 38509372 PMCID: PMC10990925 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07173-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Quantum systems have entered a competitive regime in which classical computers must make approximations to represent highly entangled quantum states1,2. However, in this beyond-classically-exact regime, fidelity comparisons between quantum and classical systems have so far been limited to digital quantum devices2-5, and it remains unsolved how to estimate the actual entanglement content of experiments6. Here, we perform fidelity benchmarking and mixed-state entanglement estimation with a 60-atom analogue Rydberg quantum simulator, reaching a high-entanglement entropy regime in which exact classical simulation becomes impractical. Our benchmarking protocol involves extrapolation from comparisons against an approximate classical algorithm, introduced here, with varying entanglement limits. We then develop and demonstrate an estimator of the experimental mixed-state entanglement6, finding our experiment is competitive with state-of-the-art digital quantum devices performing random circuit evolution2-5. Finally, we compare the experimental fidelity against that achieved by various approximate classical algorithms, and find that only the algorithm we introduce is able to keep pace with the experiment on the classical hardware we use. Our results enable a new model for evaluating the ability of both analogue and digital quantum devices to generate entanglement in the beyond-classically-exact regime, and highlight the evolving divide between quantum and classical systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Shaw
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- The NSF AI Institute for Artificial Intelligence and Fundamental Interactions, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joonhee Choi
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel K Mark
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Pascal Scholl
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Andreas Elben
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Soonwon Choi
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | - Manuel Endres
- California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA.
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8
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Lee S, Kwon H, Lee JS. Estimating entanglement entropy via variational quantum circuits with classical neural networks. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044117. [PMID: 38755883 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Entropy plays a crucial role in both physics and information science, encompassing classical and quantum domains. In this paper, we present the quantum neural entropy estimator (QNEE), an approach that combines classical neural network (NN) with variational quantum circuits to estimate the von Neumann and Rényi entropies of a quantum state. QNEE provides accurate estimates of entropy while also yielding the eigenvalues and eigenstates of the input density matrix. Leveraging the capabilities of classical NN, QNEE can classify different phases of quantum systems that accompany the changes of entanglement entropy. Our numerical simulation demonstrates the effectiveness of QNEE by applying it to the 1D XXZ Heisenberg model. In particular, QNEE exhibits high sensitivity in estimating entanglement entropy near the phase transition point. We expect that QNEE will serve as a valuable tool for quantum entropy estimation and phase classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangyun Lee
- Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
- School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, 02455, Korea
| | - Hyukjoon Kwon
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul 02455, Korea
| | - Jae Sung Lee
- School of Physics, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, Seoul, 02455, Korea
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9
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Khastehdel Fumani F, Mahdavifar S, Afrousheh K. Entangled unique coherent line in the ground-state phase diagram of the spin-1/2 XX chain model with three-spin interaction. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:044142. [PMID: 38755842 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.044142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Entangled spin coherent states are a type of quantum states that involve two or more spin systems that are correlated in a nonclassical way. These states can improve metrology and information processing, as they can surpass the standard quantum limit, which is the ultimate bound for precision measurements using coherent states. However, finding entangled coherent states in physical systems is challenging because they require precise control and manipulation of the interactions between the modes. In this work we show that entangled unique coherent states can be found in the ground state of the spin-1/2 XX chain model with three-spin interaction, which is an exactly solvable model in quantum magnetism. We use the spin squeezing parameter, the l_{1}-norm of coherence, and the entanglement entropy as tools to detect and characterize these unique coherent states. We find that these unique coherent states exist in a gapless spin liquid phase, where they form a line that separates two regions with different degrees of squeezing. We call this line the entangled unique coherent line, as it corresponds to the almost maximum entanglement between two halves of the system. We also study the critical scaling of the spin squeezing parameter and the entanglement entropy versus the system size.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Khastehdel Fumani
- Department of Basic Sciences, Langarud Branch, Islamic Azad University, 4471311127 Langarud, Iran
| | - S Mahdavifar
- Department of Physics, University of Guilan, 41335-1914 Rasht, Iran
| | - K Afrousheh
- Department of Physics, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 5969, 13060 Safat, Kuwait
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10
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Mi X, Michailidis AA, Shabani S, Miao KC, Klimov PV, Lloyd J, Rosenberg E, Acharya R, Aleiner I, Andersen TI, Ansmann M, Arute F, Arya K, Asfaw A, Atalaya J, Bardin JC, Bengtsson A, Bortoli G, Bourassa A, Bovaird J, Brill L, Broughton M, Buckley BB, Buell DA, Burger T, Burkett B, Bushnell N, Chen Z, Chiaro B, Chik D, Chou C, Cogan J, Collins R, Conner P, Courtney W, Crook AL, Curtin B, Dau AG, Debroy DM, Del Toro Barba A, Demura S, Di Paolo A, Drozdov IK, Dunsworth A, Erickson C, Faoro L, Farhi E, Fatemi R, Ferreira VS, Burgos LF, Forati E, Fowler AG, Foxen B, Genois É, Giang W, Gidney C, Gilboa D, Giustina M, Gosula R, Gross JA, Habegger S, Hamilton MC, Hansen M, Harrigan MP, Harrington SD, Heu P, Hoffmann MR, Hong S, Huang T, Huff A, Huggins WJ, Ioffe LB, Isakov SV, Iveland J, Jeffrey E, Jiang Z, Jones C, Juhas P, Kafri D, Kechedzhi K, Khattar T, Khezri M, Kieferová M, Kim S, Kitaev A, Klots AR, Korotkov AN, Kostritsa F, Kreikebaum JM, Landhuis D, Laptev P, Lau KM, Laws L, Lee J, Lee KW, Lensky YD, Lester BJ, Lill AT, Liu W, Locharla A, Malone FD, Martin O, McClean JR, McEwen M, Mieszala A, Montazeri S, Morvan A, Movassagh R, Mruczkiewicz W, Neeley M, Neill C, Nersisyan A, Newman M, Ng JH, Nguyen A, Nguyen M, Niu MY, O'Brien TE, Opremcak A, Petukhov A, Potter R, Pryadko LP, Quintana C, Rocque C, Rubin NC, Saei N, Sank D, Sankaragomathi K, Satzinger KJ, Schurkus HF, Schuster C, Shearn MJ, Shorter A, Shutty N, Shvarts V, Skruzny J, Smith WC, Somma R, Sterling G, Strain D, Szalay M, Torres A, Vidal G, Villalonga B, Heidweiller CV, White T, Woo BWK, Xing C, Yao ZJ, Yeh P, Yoo J, Young G, Zalcman A, Zhang Y, Zhu N, Zobrist N, Neven H, Babbush R, Bacon D, Boixo S, Hilton J, Lucero E, Megrant A, Kelly J, Chen Y, Roushan P, Smelyanskiy V, Abanin DA. Stable quantum-correlated many-body states through engineered dissipation. Science 2024; 383:1332-1337. [PMID: 38513021 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh9932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Engineered dissipative reservoirs have the potential to steer many-body quantum systems toward correlated steady states useful for quantum simulation of high-temperature superconductivity or quantum magnetism. Using up to 49 superconducting qubits, we prepared low-energy states of the transverse-field Ising model through coupling to dissipative auxiliary qubits. In one dimension, we observed long-range quantum correlations and a ground-state fidelity of 0.86 for 18 qubits at the critical point. In two dimensions, we found mutual information that extends beyond nearest neighbors. Lastly, by coupling the system to auxiliaries emulating reservoirs with different chemical potentials, we explored transport in the quantum Heisenberg model. Our results establish engineered dissipation as a scalable alternative to unitary evolution for preparing entangled many-body states on noisy quantum processors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Mi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A A Michailidis
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - S Shabani
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K C Miao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Lloyd
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | | | - R Acharya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - I Aleiner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Ansmann
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - F Arute
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K Arya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Asfaw
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Atalaya
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J C Bardin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | | | - G Bortoli
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Bovaird
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Brill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - D A Buell
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Burger
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Burkett
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - Z Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Chiaro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Chik
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Chou
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Cogan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Collins
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Conner
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - A L Crook
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B Curtin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A G Dau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - S Demura
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - L Faoro
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Farhi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Fatemi
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - E Forati
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - B Foxen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - É Genois
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Giang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Gidney
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Gilboa
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - R Gosula
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J A Gross
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M C Hamilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA
| | - M Hansen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - P Heu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - S Hong
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - T Huang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Huff
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - L B Ioffe
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - J Iveland
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Jeffrey
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z Jiang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Jones
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Juhas
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Kafri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - T Khattar
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Khezri
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Kieferová
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI), Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S Kim
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Kitaev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A R Klots
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A N Korotkov
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - P Laptev
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - K-M Lau
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L Laws
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - K W Lee
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A T Lill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W Liu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - O Martin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M McEwen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - A Morvan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - M Neeley
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Neill
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - M Newman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J H Ng
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Nguyen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Y Niu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | - R Potter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - L P Pryadko
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | | | - C Rocque
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N C Rubin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Saei
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Sank
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - A Shorter
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Shutty
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - V Shvarts
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Skruzny
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - W C Smith
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Somma
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D Strain
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - M Szalay
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Torres
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Vidal
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | | | - T White
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - B W K Woo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - C Xing
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Z J Yao
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Yeh
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Yoo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - G Young
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Zalcman
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zhu
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - N Zobrist
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - H Neven
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - R Babbush
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - D Bacon
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - S Boixo
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Hilton
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - E Lucero
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - A Megrant
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - J Kelly
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - Y Chen
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | - P Roushan
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
| | | | - D A Abanin
- Google Research, Mountain View, CA, USA
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
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11
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Kumar V, Roy D. Many-body quantum chaos in mixtures of multiple species. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:L032201. [PMID: 38632778 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.l032201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
We study spectral correlations in many-body quantum mixtures of fermions, bosons, and qubits with periodically kicked spreading and mixing of species. We take two types of mixing, namely, Jaynes-Cummings and Rabi, respectively, satisfying and breaking the conservation of a total number of species. We analytically derive the generating Hamiltonians whose spectral properties determine the spectral form factor in the leading order. We further analyze the system-size (L) scaling of Thouless time t^{*}, beyond which the spectral form factor follows the prediction of random matrix theory. The L dependence of t^{*} crosses over from lnL to L^{2} with an increasing Jaynes-Cummings mixing between qubits and fermions or bosons in a finite-size chain, and it finally settles to t^{*}∝O(L^{2}) in the thermodynamic limit for any mixing strength. The Rabi mixing between qubits and fermions leads to t^{*}∝O(lnL), previously predicted for single species of qubits or fermions without total-number conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Raman Research Institute, Bangalore 560080, India
| | - Dibyendu Roy
- Raman Research Institute, Bangalore 560080, India
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12
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Jiang R, Shang P. Dispersion complexity-entropy curves: An effective method to characterize the structures of nonlinear time series. CHAOS (WOODBURY, N.Y.) 2024; 34:033137. [PMID: 38526984 DOI: 10.1063/5.0197167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
The complexity-entropy curve (CEC) is a valuable tool for characterizing the structure of time series and finds broad application across various research fields. Despite its widespread usage, the original permutation complexity-entropy curve (PCEC), which is founded on permutation entropy (PE), exhibits a notable limitation: its inability to take the means and amplitudes of time series into considerations. This oversight can lead to inaccuracies in differentiating time series. In this paper, drawing inspiration from dispersion entropy (DE), we propose the dispersion complexity-entropy curve (DCEC) to enhance the capability of CEC in uncovering the concealed structures within nonlinear time series. Our approach initiates with simulated data including the logistic map, color noises, and various chaotic systems. The outcomes of our simulated experiments consistently showcase the effectiveness of DCEC in distinguishing nonlinear time series with diverse characteristics. Furthermore, we extend the application of DCEC to real-world data, thereby asserting its practical utility. A novel approach is proposed, wherein DCEC-based feature extraction is combined with multivariate support vector machine for the diagnosis of various types of bearing faults. This combination achieved a high accuracy rate in our experiments. Additionally, we employ DCEC to assess stock indices from different countries and periods, thereby facilitating an analysis of the complexity inherent in financial markets. Our findings reveal significant insights into the dynamic regularities and distinct structures of these indices, offering a novel perspective for analyzing financial time series. Collectively, these applications underscore the potential of DCEC as an effective tool for the nonlinear time series analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runze Jiang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Pengjian Shang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
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13
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Lin ZK, Zhou Y, Jiang B, Wu BQ, Chen LM, Liu XY, Wang LW, Ye P, Jiang JH. Measuring entanglement entropy and its topological signature for phononic systems. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1601. [PMID: 38383526 PMCID: PMC10881961 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45887-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Entanglement entropy is a fundamental concept with rising importance in various fields ranging from quantum information science, black holes to materials science. In complex materials and systems, entanglement entropy provides insight into the collective degrees of freedom that underlie the systems' complex behaviours. As well-known predictions, the entanglement entropy exhibits area laws for systems with gapped excitations, whereas it follows the Gioev-Klich-Widom scaling law in gapless fermion systems. However, many of these fundamental predictions have not yet been confirmed in experiments due to the difficulties in measuring entanglement entropy in physical systems. Here, we report the experimental verification of the above predictions by probing the nonlocal correlations in phononic systems. We obtain the entanglement entropy and entanglement spectrum for phononic systems with the fermion filling analog. With these measurements, we verify the Gioev-Klich-Widom scaling law. We further observe the salient signatures of topological phases in entanglement entropy and entanglement spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Kang Lin
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Yao Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, and School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, 215123, Suzhou, China
| | - Bing-Quan Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Mei Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, and School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Li-Wei Wang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, 215006, Suzhou, China
| | - Peng Ye
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices, State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, and School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, 510275, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Jian-Hua Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Soochow University, 1 Shizi Street, 215006, Suzhou, China.
- Suzhou Institute for Advanced Research, University of Science and Technology of China, 215123, Suzhou, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China.
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14
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Liu Z, Zhang P. Signature of Scramblon Effective Field Theory in Random Spin Models. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:060201. [PMID: 38394581 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.060201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Information scrambling refers to the propagation of information throughout a quantum system. Its study not only contributes to our understanding of thermalization but also has wide implications in quantum information and black hole physics. Recent studies suggest that information scrambling in large-N systems with all-to-all interactions is mediated by collective modes called scramblons. However, a criterion for the validity of scramblon theory in a specific model is still missing. In this work, we address this issue by investigating the signature of the scramblon effective theory in random spin models with all-to-all interactions. We demonstrate that, in scenarios where the scramblon description holds, the late-time operator size distribution can be predicted from its early-time value, requiring no free parameters. As an illustration, we examine whether Brownian circuits exhibit a scramblon description and obtain a positive confirmation both analytically and numerically. Our findings provide a concrete experimental framework for unraveling the scramblon field theory in random spin models using quantum simulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyu Liu
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Center for Field Theory and Particle Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute, AI Tower, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200232, China
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15
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Mahdavifar S, Balador Z, Soltani MR. Concurrence distribution in excited states of the one-dimensional spin-1/2 transverse-field XY model: Two different regions. Phys Rev E 2024; 109:024104. [PMID: 38491650 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.109.024104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
We investigate the variation of concurrence in a spin-1/2 transverse field XY chain system in an excited state. Initially, we precisely solve the eigenvalue problem of the system Hamiltonian using the fermionization technique. Subsequently, we calculate the concurrence between nearest-neighbor pairs of spins in all excited states with higher energy than the ground state. Below the factorized field, denoted as h_{f}=sqrt[J^{2}-(Jδ)^{2}], we find no pairwise entanglement between nearest neighbors in excited states. At the factorized field, corresponding to a factorized state, we observe weak concurrence in very low energy states. Beyond h_{f}, the concurrence strengthens, entangling all excited states. The density of entangled states peaks at the center of the excited spectrum. Additionally, the distribution of concurrence reveals that the midpoint of the nonzero concurrence range harbors the most entangled excited states.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mahdavifar
- Department of Physics, University of Guilan, 41335-1914 Rasht, Iran
| | - Z Balador
- Department of Physics, University of Guilan, 41335-1914 Rasht, Iran
| | - M R Soltani
- Department of Physics, Yadegar-e-Imam Khomeini (RAH), Shahr-e-Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, 18155-144 Tehran, Iran
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16
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Melko RG, Carrasquilla J. Language models for quantum simulation. NATURE COMPUTATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 4:11-18. [PMID: 38253806 DOI: 10.1038/s43588-023-00578-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
A key challenge in the effort to simulate today's quantum computing devices is the ability to learn and encode the complex correlations that occur between qubits. Emerging technologies based on language models adopted from machine learning have shown unique abilities to learn quantum states. We highlight the contributions that language models are making in the effort to build quantum computers and discuss their future role in the race to quantum advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger G Melko
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
- Perimter Institute for Theoretical Physics, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Juan Carrasquilla
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- Vector Institute, MaRS Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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17
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Mitra A, Srivastava SCL. Sunburst quantum Ising model under interaction quench: Entanglement and role of initial state coherence. Phys Rev E 2023; 108:054114. [PMID: 38115417 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.108.054114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
We study the nonequilibrium dynamics of an isolated bipartite quantum system, the sunburst quantum Ising model, under interaction quench. The prequench limit of this model is two noninteracting integrable systems, namely a transverse Ising chain and finite number of isolated qubits. As a function of interaction strength, the spectral fluctuation property goes from Poisson to Wigner-Dyson statistics. We chose entanglement entropy as a probe to study the approach to thermalization or lack of it in postquench dynamics. In the near-integrable limit, as expected, the linear entropy displays oscillatory behavior, while in the chaotic limit it saturates. Along with the chaotic nature of the time evolution generator, we show the importance of the role played by the coherence of the initial state in deciding the nature of thermalization. We further show that these findings are general by replacing the Ising ring with a disordered XXZ model with disorder strength putting it in the many-body localized phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash Mitra
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
| | - Shashi C L Srivastava
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700064, India and Homi Bhabha National Institute, Training School Complex, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai 400094, India
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18
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Schuster T, Yao NY. Operator Growth in Open Quantum Systems. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:160402. [PMID: 37925733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.160402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The spreading of quantum information in closed systems, often termed scrambling, is a hallmark of many-body quantum dynamics. In open systems, scrambling competes with noise, errors, and decoherence. Here, we provide a universal framework that describes the scrambling of quantum information in open systems: we predict that the effect of open-system dynamics is fundamentally controlled by operator size distributions and independent of the microscopic error mechanism. This framework allows us to demonstrate that open quantum systems exhibit universal classes of information dynamics that fundamentally differ from their unitary counterparts. Implications for the Loschmidt echo, nuclear magnetic resonance experiments, and the classical simulability of open quantum dynamics will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Schuster
- Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Norman Y Yao
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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19
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Eckner WJ, Darkwah Oppong N, Cao A, Young AW, Milner WR, Robinson JM, Ye J, Kaufman AM. Realizing spin squeezing with Rydberg interactions in an optical clock. Nature 2023; 621:734-739. [PMID: 37648865 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Neutral-atom arrays trapped in optical potentials are a powerful platform for studying quantum physics, combining precise single-particle control and detection with a range of tunable entangling interactions1-3. For example, these capabilities have been leveraged for state-of-the-art frequency metrology4,5 as well as microscopic studies of entangled many-particle states6-11. Here we combine these applications to realize spin squeezing-a widely studied operation for producing metrologically useful entanglement-in an optical atomic clock based on a programmable array of interacting optical qubits. In this demonstration of Rydberg-mediated squeezing with a neutral-atom optical clock, we generate states that have almost four decibels of metrological gain. In addition, we perform a synchronous frequency comparison between independent squeezed states and observe a fractional-frequency stability of 1.087(1) × 10-15 at one-second averaging time, which is 1.94(1) decibels below the standard quantum limit and reaches a fractional precision at the 10-17 level during a half-hour measurement. We further leverage the programmable control afforded by optical tweezer arrays to apply local phase shifts to explore spin squeezing in measurements that operate beyond the relative coherence time with the optical local oscillator. The realization of this spin-squeezing protocol in a programmable atom-array clock will enable a wide range of quantum-information-inspired techniques for optimal phase estimation and Heisenberg-limited optical atomic clocks12-16.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Eckner
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Nelson Darkwah Oppong
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Alec Cao
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Aaron W Young
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - William R Milner
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - John M Robinson
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jun Ye
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Adam M Kaufman
- JILA, University of Colorado and National Institute of Standards and Technology, and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA.
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20
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Naldesi P, Elben A, Minguzzi A, Clément D, Zoller P, Vermersch B. Fermionic Correlation Functions from Randomized Measurements in Programmable Atomic Quantum Devices. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:060601. [PMID: 37625073 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.060601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
We provide an efficient randomized measurement protocol to estimate two- and four-point fermionic correlations in ultracold atom experiments. Our approach is based on combining random atomic beam splitter operations, which can be realized with programmable optical landscapes, with high-resolution imaging systems such as quantum gas microscopes. We illustrate our results in the context of the variational quantum eigensolver algorithm for solving quantum chemistry problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Naldesi
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Andreas Elben
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Caltech, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Anna Minguzzi
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - David Clément
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut d'Optique Graduate School, CNRS, Laboratoire Charles Fabry, 91127, Palaiseau, France
| | - Peter Zoller
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
| | - Benoît Vermersch
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck A-6020, Austria
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, 38000 Grenoble, France
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21
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Wang HY, Zhang WY, Yao Z, Liu Y, Zhu ZH, Zheng YG, Wang XK, Zhai H, Yuan ZS, Pan JW. Interrelated Thermalization and Quantum Criticality in a Lattice Gauge Simulator. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:050401. [PMID: 37595229 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.050401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Gauge theory and thermalization are both topics of essential importance for modern quantum science and technology. The recently realized atomic quantum simulator for lattice gauge theories provides a unique opportunity for studying thermalization in gauge theory, in which theoretical studies have shown that quantum thermalization can signal the quantum phase transition. Nevertheless, the experimental study remains a challenge to accurately determine the critical point and controllably explore the thermalization dynamics due to the lack of techniques for locally manipulating and detecting matter and gauge fields. We report an experimental investigation of the quantum criticality in the lattice gauge theory from both equilibrium and nonequilibrium thermalization perspectives, with the help of the single-site addressing and atom-number-resolved detection capabilities. We accurately determine the quantum critical point and observe that the Néel state thermalizes only in the critical regime. This result manifests the interplay between quantum many-body scars, quantum criticality, and symmetry breaking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Yi Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wei-Yong Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zhiyuan Yao
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Theory and Applications of MoE, Lanzhou Center for Theoretical Physics, and Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730000, China
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying Liu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zi-Hang Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Yong-Guang Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Xuan-Kai Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Hui Zhai
- Institute for Advanced Study, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
| | - Zhen-Sheng Yuan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Jian-Wei Pan
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and School of Physical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei 230088, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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22
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Alruqi AB, Khalil E, Abdel-Khalek S, Abd-Rabbou M. Visualization of the interaction dynamics between a two-level atom and a graphene sheet covered by a laser field. ALEXANDRIA ENGINEERING JOURNAL 2023; 77:309-317. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2023.06.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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23
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Koutný D, Ginés L, Moczała-Dusanowska M, Höfling S, Schneider C, Predojević A, Ježek M. Deep learning of quantum entanglement from incomplete measurements. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd7131. [PMID: 37467336 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add7131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of the entanglement present in a physical system is of paramount importance for fundamental research and many cutting-edge applications. Now, achieving this goal requires either a priori knowledge on the system or very demanding experimental procedures such as full state tomography or collective measurements. Here, we demonstrate that, by using neural networks, we can quantify the degree of entanglement without the need to know the full description of the quantum state. Our method allows for direct quantification of the quantum correlations using an incomplete set of local measurements. Despite using undersampled measurements, we achieve a quantification error of up to an order of magnitude lower than the state-of-the-art quantum tomography. Furthermore, we achieve this result using networks trained using exclusively simulated data. Last, we derive a method based on a convolutional network input that can accept data from various measurement scenarios and perform, to some extent, independently of the measurement device.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Koutný
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czechia
| | - Laia Ginés
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Sven Höfling
- Technische Physik, Physikalisches Institut and Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, D-97074 Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Ana Predojević
- Department of Physics, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Miroslav Ježek
- Department of Optics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czechia
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24
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Moghaddam AG, Pöyhönen K, Ojanen T. Exponential Shortcut to Measurement-Induced Entanglement Phase Transitions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:020401. [PMID: 37505948 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently discovered measurement-induced entanglement phase transitions in monitored quantum circuits provide a novel example of far-from-equilibrium quantum criticality. Here, we propose a highly efficient strategy for experimentally accessing these transitions through fluctuations. Instead of directly measuring entanglement entropy, which requires an exponential number of measurements in the subsystem size, our method provides a scalable approach to entanglement transitions in the presence of conserved quantities. In analogy to entanglement entropy and mutual information, we illustrate how bipartite and multipartite fluctuations can both be employed to analyze the measurement-induced criticality. Remarkably, the phase transition can be revealed by measuring fluctuations of only a handful of qubits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali G Moghaddam
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
- Department of Physics, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Kim Pöyhönen
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
| | - Teemu Ojanen
- Computational Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Tampere University, FI-33014 Tampere, Finland
- Helsinki Institute of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki FI-00014, Finland
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25
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Sankar S, Sela E, Han C. Measuring Topological Entanglement Entropy Using Maxwell Relations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:016601. [PMID: 37478453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.016601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Topological entanglement entropy (TEE) is a key diagnostic of topological order, allowing one to detect the presence of Abelian or non-Abelian anyons. However, there are currently no experimentally feasible protocols to measure TEE in condensed matter systems. Here, we propose a scheme to measure the TEE of chiral topological phases, carrying protected edge states, based on a nontrivial connection with the thermodynamic entropy change occurring in a quantum point contact (QPC) as it pinches off the topological liquid into two. We show how this entropy change can be extracted using Maxwell relations from charge detection of a nearby quantum dot. We demonstrate this explicitly for the Abelian Laughlin states, using an exact solution of the sine-Gordon model describing the universal crossover in the QPC. Our approach might open a new thermodynamic detection scheme of topological states also with non-Abelian statistics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarath Sankar
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Eran Sela
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Cheolhee Han
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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26
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Somhorst FHB, van der Meer R, Correa Anguita M, Schadow R, Snijders HJ, de Goede M, Kassenberg B, Venderbosch P, Taballione C, Epping JP, van den Vlekkert HH, Timmerhuis J, Bulmer JFF, Lugani J, Walmsley IA, Pinkse PWH, Eisert J, Walk N, Renema JJ. Quantum simulation of thermodynamics in an integrated quantum photonic processor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3895. [PMID: 37393275 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the core questions of quantum physics is how to reconcile the unitary evolution of quantum states, which is information-preserving and time-reversible, with evolution following the second law of thermodynamics, which, in general, is neither. The resolution to this paradox is to recognize that global unitary evolution of a multi-partite quantum state causes the state of local subsystems to evolve towards maximum-entropy states. In this work, we experimentally demonstrate this effect in linear quantum optics by simultaneously showing the convergence of local quantum states to a generalized Gibbs ensemble constituting a maximum-entropy state under precisely controlled conditions, while introducing an efficient certification method to demonstrate that the state retains global purity. Our quantum states are manipulated by a programmable integrated quantum photonic processor, which simulates arbitrary non-interacting Hamiltonians, demonstrating the universality of this phenomenon. Our results show the potential of photonic devices for quantum simulations involving non-Gaussian states.
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Affiliation(s)
- F H B Somhorst
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R van der Meer
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M Correa Anguita
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - R Schadow
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany
| | - H J Snijders
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - M de Goede
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - B Kassenberg
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - P Venderbosch
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - C Taballione
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J P Epping
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | | | - J Timmerhuis
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J F F Bulmer
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J Lugani
- Center for Sensors, Instrumentation and Cyber Physical System Engineering, IIT Delhi, New Delhi, 110 016, India
| | - I A Walmsley
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, Prince Consort Rd., London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Clarendon Laboratory, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3PU, UK
| | - P W H Pinkse
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J Eisert
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, 14109, Berlin, Germany.
- Fraunhofer Heinrich Hertz Institute, 10587, Berlin, Germany.
| | - N Walk
- Dahlem Center for Complex Quantum Systems, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195, Berlin, Germany.
| | - J J Renema
- MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, University of Twente, P. O. box 217, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- QuiX Quantum B.V., Hengelosestraat 500, 7521 AN, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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27
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Léonard J, Kim S, Kwan J, Segura P, Grusdt F, Repellin C, Goldman N, Greiner M. Realization of a fractional quantum Hall state with ultracold atoms. Nature 2023; 619:495-499. [PMID: 37344594 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06122-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Strongly interacting topological matter1 exhibits fundamentally new phenomena with potential applications in quantum information technology2,3. Emblematic instances are fractional quantum Hall (FQH) states4, in which the interplay of a magnetic field and strong interactions gives rise to fractionally charged quasi-particles, long-ranged entanglement and anyonic exchange statistics. Progress in engineering synthetic magnetic fields5-21 has raised the hope to create these exotic states in controlled quantum systems. However, except for a recent Laughlin state of light22, preparing FQH states in engineered systems remains elusive. Here we realize a FQH state with ultracold atoms in an optical lattice. The state is a lattice version of a bosonic ν = 1/2 Laughlin state4,23 with two particles on 16 sites. This minimal system already captures many hallmark features of Laughlin-type FQH states24-28: we observe a suppression of two-body interactions, we find a distinctive vortex structure in the density correlations and we measure a fractional Hall conductivity of σH/σ0 = 0.6(2) by means of the bulk response to a magnetic perturbation. Furthermore, by tuning the magnetic field, we map out the transition point between the normal and the FQH regime through a spectroscopic investigation of the many-body gap. Our work provides a starting point for exploring highly entangled topological matter with ultracold atoms29-33.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Léonard
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, Atominstitut, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Sooshin Kim
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Joyce Kwan
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Perrin Segura
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fabian Grusdt
- Department of Physics and ASC, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST), Munich, Germany
| | | | - Nathan Goldman
- Center for Nonlinear Phenomena and Complex Systems (CENOLI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
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28
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Zhang P, Yu Z. Dynamical Transition of Operator Size Growth in Quantum Systems Embedded in an Environment. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:250401. [PMID: 37418730 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.250401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
In closed generic many-body systems, unitary evolution disperses local quantum information into highly nonlocal objects, resulting in thermalization. Such a process is called information scrambling, whose swiftness is quantified by the operator size growth. However, the impact of couplings to the environment on the process of information scrambling remains unexplored for quantum systems embedded within an environment. Here we predict a dynamical transition in quantum systems with all-to-all interactions accompanied by an environment, which separates two phases. In the dissipative phase, information scrambling halts as the operator size decays with time, while in the scrambling phase, dispersion of information persists, and the operator size grows and saturates to an O(N) value in the long-time limit with N the number of degrees of freedom of the systems. The transition is driven by the competition between the system's intrinsic and environment propelled scramblings and the environment-induced dissipation. Our prediction is derived from a general argument based on epidemiological models and demonstrated analytically via solvable Brownian Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev models. We provide further evidence which suggests that the transition is generic to quantum chaotic systems when coupled to an environment. Our study sheds light on the fundamental behavior of quantum systems in the presence of an environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
- Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics and Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Zhenhua Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Metrology and Sensing, School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-Sen University (Zhuhai Campus), Zhuhai 519082, China
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies, Sun Yat-Sen University (Guangzhou Campus), Guangzhou 510275, China
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29
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Kościk P, Sowiński T. Universality of Internal Correlations of Strongly Interacting p-Wave Fermions in One-Dimensional Geometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:253401. [PMID: 37418711 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.253401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
We consider the many-body ground state of polarized fermions interacting via zero-range p-wave forces in a one-dimensional geometry. We rigorously prove that in the limit of infinite attractions spectral properties of any-order reduced density matrix describing arbitrary subsystem are completely independent of the shape of an external potential. It means that quantum correlations between any two subsystems are in this limit insensitive to the confinement. In addition, we show that the purity of these matrices quantifying the amount of quantum correlations can be obtained analytically for any number of particles without diagonalizing them. This observation may serve as a rigorous benchmark for other models and methods describing strongly interacting p-wave fermions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Przemysław Kościk
- Department of Computer Sciences, University of Applied Sciences, ulica Mickiewicza 8, PL-33100 Tarnów, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sowiński
- Institute of Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Aleja Lotników 32/46, PL-02668 Warsaw, Poland
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30
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Hales J, Bajpai U, Liu T, Baykusheva DR, Li M, Mitrano M, Wang Y. Witnessing light-driven entanglement using time-resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3512. [PMID: 37316515 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38540-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Characterizing and controlling entanglement in quantum materials is crucial for the development of next-generation quantum technologies. However, defining a quantifiable figure of merit for entanglement in macroscopic solids is theoretically and experimentally challenging. At equilibrium the presence of entanglement can be diagnosed by extracting entanglement witnesses from spectroscopic observables and a nonequilibrium extension of this method could lead to the discovery of novel dynamical phenomena. Here, we propose a systematic approach to quantify the time-dependent quantum Fisher information and entanglement depth of transient states of quantum materials with time-resolved resonant inelastic x-ray scattering. Using a quarter-filled extended Hubbard model as an example, we benchmark the efficiency of this approach and predict a light-enhanced many-body entanglement due to the proximity to a phase boundary. Our work sets the stage for experimentally witnessing and controlling entanglement in light-driven quantum materials via ultrafast spectroscopic measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn Hales
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Utkarsh Bajpai
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA
| | - Tongtong Liu
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | | | - Mingda Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Matteo Mitrano
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, 29634, USA.
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31
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Šafránek D, Rosa D, Binder FC. Work Extraction from Unknown Quantum Sources. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:210401. [PMID: 37295083 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.210401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Energy extraction is a central task in thermodynamics. In quantum physics, ergotropy measures the amount of work extractable under cyclic Hamiltonian control. As its full extraction requires perfect knowledge of the initial state, however, it does not characterize the work value of unknown or untrusted quantum sources. Fully characterizing such sources would require quantum tomography, which is prohibitively costly in experiments due to the exponential growth of required measurements and operational limitations. Here, we therefore derive a new notion of ergotropy applicable when nothing is known about the quantum states produced by the source, apart from what can be learned by performing only a single type of coarse-grained measurement. We find that in this case the extracted work is defined by the Boltzmann and observational entropy in cases where the measurement outcomes are, or are not, used in the work extraction, respectively. This notion of ergotropy represents a realistic measure of extractable work, which can be used as the relevant figure of merit to characterize a quantum battery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Šafránek
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon - 34126, Korea
| | - Dario Rosa
- Center for Theoretical Physics of Complex Systems, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon - 34126, Korea
- Basic Science Program, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon-34113, Korea
| | - Felix C Binder
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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32
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Bauer NP, Budich JC, Trauzettel B, Calzona A. Quench-Probe Setup as Analyzer of Fractionalized Entanglement Spreading. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:190401. [PMID: 37243652 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.190401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We propose a novel spatially inhomogeneous setup for revealing quench-induced fractionalized excitations in entanglement dynamics. In this quench-probe setting, the region undergoing a quantum quench is tunnel coupled to a static region, the probe. Subsequently, the time-dependent entanglement signatures of a tunable subset of excitations propagating to the probe are monitored by energy selectivity. We exemplify the power of this generic approach by identifying a unique dynamical signature associated with the presence of an isolated Majorana zero mode in the postquench Hamiltonian. In this case excitations emitted from the topological part of the system give rise to a fractionalized jump of log(2)/2 in the entanglement entropy of the probe. This dynamical effect is highly sensitive to the localized nature of the Majorana zero mode, but does not require the preparation of a topological initial state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas P Bauer
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany
| | - Jan Carl Budich
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany
| | - Björn Trauzettel
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany
| | - Alessio Calzona
- Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Würzburg-Dresden Cluster of Excellence ct.qmat, Germany
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33
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Liu T, Liu S, Li H, Li H, Huang K, Xiang Z, Song X, Xu K, Zheng D, Fan H. Observation of entanglement transition of pseudo-random mixed states. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1971. [PMID: 37031244 PMCID: PMC10082798 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37511-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Random quantum states serve as a powerful tool in various scientific fields, including quantum supremacy and black hole physics. It has been theoretically predicted that entanglement transitions may happen for different partitions of multipartite random quantum states; however, the experimental observation of these transitions is still absent. Here, we experimentally demonstrate the entanglement transitions witnessed by negativity on a fully connected superconducting processor. We apply parallel entangling operations, that significantly decrease the depth of the pseudo-random circuits, to generate pseudo-random pure states of up to 15 qubits. By quantum state tomography of the reduced density matrix of six qubits, we measure the negativity spectra. Then, by changing the sizes of the environment and subsystems, we observe the entanglement transitions that are directly identified by logarithmic entanglement negativities based on the negativity spectra. In addition, we characterize the randomness of our circuits by measuring the distance between the distribution of output bit-string probabilities and the Porter-Thomas distribution. Our results show that superconducting processors with all-to-all connectivity constitute a promising platform for generating random states and understanding the entanglement structure of multipartite quantum systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Liu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Shang Liu
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California, Santa Barbara, CA, 93106, USA
| | - Hekang Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hao Li
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Kaixuan Huang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhongcheng Xiang
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
- CAS Center of Excellence for Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaohui Song
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China
- CAS Center of Excellence for Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
- CAS Center of Excellence for Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Dongning Zheng
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
- CAS Center of Excellence for Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
| | - Heng Fan
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory, Hefei, 230088, China.
- CAS Center of Excellence for Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, Guangdong, China.
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34
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Han C, Meir Y, Sela E. Realistic Protocol to Measure Entanglement at Finite Temperatures. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:136201. [PMID: 37067316 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.136201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
It is desirable to relate entanglement of many-body systems to measurable observables. In systems with a conserved charge, it was recently shown that the number entanglement entropy (NEE)-i.e., the entropy change due to an unselective subsystem charge measurement-is an entanglement monotone. Here we derive finite-temperature equilibrium relations between Rényi moments of the NEE, and multipoint charge correlations. These relations are exemplified in quantum dot systems where the desired charge correlations can be measured via a nearby quantum point contact. In quantum dots recently realizing the multichannel Kondo effect we show that the NEE has a nontrivial universal temperature dependence which is now accessible using the proposed methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheolhee Han
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Yigal Meir
- Department of Physics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105 Israel
- Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08540, USA
| | - Eran Sela
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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35
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Baykusheva DR, Kalthoff MH, Hofmann D, Claassen M, Kennes DM, Sentef MA, Mitrano M. Witnessing Nonequilibrium Entanglement Dynamics in a Strongly Correlated Fermionic Chain. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:106902. [PMID: 36962013 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.106902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Many-body entanglement in condensed matter systems can be diagnosed from equilibrium response functions through the use of entanglement witnesses and operator-specific quantum bounds. Here, we investigate the applicability of this approach for detecting entangled states in quantum systems driven out of equilibrium. We use a multipartite entanglement witness, the quantum Fisher information, to study the dynamics of a paradigmatic fermion chain undergoing a time-dependent change of the Coulomb interaction. Our results show that the quantum Fisher information is able to witness distinct signatures of multipartite entanglement both near and far from equilibrium that are robust against decoherence. We discuss implications of these findings for probing entanglement in light-driven quantum materials with time-resolved optical and x-ray scattering methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mona H Kalthoff
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Damian Hofmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Claassen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Dante M Kennes
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Institut für Theorie der Statistischen Physik, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany and JARA-Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52056 Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael A Sentef
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free-Electron Laser Science (CFEL), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Matteo Mitrano
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA
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36
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Lemos GB, Lapkiewicz R, Hochrainer A, Lahiri M, Zeilinger A. One-Photon Measurement of Two-Photon Entanglement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 130:090202. [PMID: 36930942 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.130.090202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Measuring entanglement is an essential step in a wide range of applied and foundational quantum experiments. When a two-particle quantum state is not pure, standard methods to measure the entanglement require detection of both particles. We realize a conceptually new method for verifying and measuring entanglement in a class of two-part (bipartite) mixed states. Contrary to the approaches known to date, in our experiment we verify and measure entanglement in mixed quantum bipartite states by detecting only one subsystem, the other remains undetected. Only one copy of the mixed or pure state is used but that state is in a superposition of having been created in two identical sources. We show that information shared in entangled systems can be accessed through single-particle interference patterns. Our experiment enables entanglement characterization even when one of the subsystems cannot be detected, for example, when suitable detectors are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Barreto Lemos
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna A-1090, Austria
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Av. Athos da Silveira Ramos 149, Rio de Janeiro, CP 68528, Brazil
| | - Radek Lapkiewicz
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 5, Warsaw 02-093, Poland
| | - Armin Hochrainer
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna A-1090, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna A-1090, Austria
| | - Mayukh Lahiri
- Department of Physics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma 74078, USA
| | - Anton Zeilinger
- Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna A-1090, Austria
- Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology (VCQ), Faculty of Physics, University of Vienna, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna A-1090, Austria
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37
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Płodzień M, Lewenstein M, Witkowska E, Chwedeńczuk J. One-Axis Twisting as a Method of Generating Many-Body Bell Correlations. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:250402. [PMID: 36608238 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.250402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the one-axis twisting (OAT), a versatile method of creating nonclassical states of bosonic qubits, is a powerful source of many-body Bell correlations. We develop a fully analytical and universal treatment of the process, which allows us to identify the critical time at which the Bell correlations emerge and predict the depth of Bell correlations at all subsequent times. Our findings are illustrated with a highly nontrivial example of the OAT dynamics generated using the Bose-Hubbard model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Płodzień
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Emilia Witkowska
- Institute of Physics PAS, Aleja Lotnikow 32/46, 02-668 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jan Chwedeńczuk
- Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, ulica Pasteura 5, PL-02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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38
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Disorder-assisted assembly of strongly correlated fluids of light. Nature 2022; 612:435-441. [PMID: 36517711 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05357-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Guiding many-body systems to desired states is a central challenge of modern quantum science, with applications from quantum computation1,2 to many-body physics3 and quantum-enhanced metrology4. Approaches to solving this problem include step-by-step assembly5,6, reservoir engineering to irreversibly pump towards a target state7,8 and adiabatic evolution from a known initial state9,10. Here we construct low-entropy quantum fluids of light in a Bose-Hubbard circuit by combining particle-by-particle assembly and adiabatic preparation. We inject individual photons into a disordered lattice for which the eigenstates are known and localized, then adiabatically remove this disorder, enabling quantum fluctuations to melt the photons into a fluid. Using our platform11, we first benchmark this lattice melting technique by building and characterizing arbitrary single-particle-in-a-box states, then assemble multiparticle strongly correlated fluids. Intersite entanglement measurements performed through single-site tomography indicate that the particles in the fluid delocalize, whereas two-body density correlation measurements demonstrate that they also avoid one another, revealing Friedel oscillations characteristic of a Tonks-Girardeau gas12,13. This work opens new possibilities for the preparation of topological and otherwise exotic phases of synthetic matter3,14,15.
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39
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Dehesa JS. Rényi Entropies of Multidimensional Oscillator and Hydrogenic Systems with Applications to Highly Excited Rydberg States. ENTROPY (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 24:1590. [PMID: 36359680 PMCID: PMC9689141 DOI: 10.3390/e24111590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The various facets of the internal disorder of quantum systems can be described by means of the Rényi entropies of their single-particle probability density according to modern density functional theory and quantum information techniques. In this work, we first show the lower and upper bounds for the Rényi entropies of general and central-potential quantum systems, as well as the associated entropic uncertainty relations. Then, the Rényi entropies of multidimensional oscillator and hydrogenic-like systems are reviewed and explicitly determined for all bound stationary position and momentum states from first principles (i.e., in terms of the potential strength, the space dimensionality and the states's hyperquantum numbers). This is possible because the associated wavefunctions can be expressed by means of hypergeometric orthogonal polynomials. Emphasis is placed on the most extreme, non-trivial cases corresponding to the highly excited Rydberg states, where the Rényi entropies can be amazingly obtained in a simple, compact, and transparent form. Powerful asymptotic approaches of approximation theory have been used when the polynomial's degree or the weight-function parameter(s) of the Hermite, Laguerre, and Gegenbauer polynomials have large values. At present, these special states are being shown of increasing potential interest in quantum information and the associated quantum technologies, such as e.g., quantum key distribution, quantum computation, and quantum metrology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús S. Dehesa
- Instituto Carlos I de Física Teórica y Computacional, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Departamento de Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Universidad de Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
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40
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Satoori S, Mahdavifar S, Vahedi J. Entanglement and quantum correlations in the XX spin-1/2 honeycomb lattice. Sci Rep 2022; 12:17991. [PMID: 36289302 PMCID: PMC9606302 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-19945-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The ground state phase diagram of the dimerized spin-1/2 XX honeycomb model in presence of a transverse magnetic field (TF) is known. With the absence of the magnetic field, two quantum phases, namely, the Néel and the dimerized phases have been identified. Moreover, canted Néel and the paramagnetic (PM) phases also emerge by applying the magnetic field. In this paper, using two powerful numerical exact techniques, Lanczos exact diagonalization, and Density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) methods, we study this model by focusing on the quantum correlations, the concurrence, and the quantum discord (QD) among nearest-neighbor spins. We show that the quantum correlations can capture the position of the quantum critical points in the whole range of the ground state phase diagram consistent with previous results. Although the concurrence and the QD are short-range, informative about long-ranged critical correlations. In addition, we address a ”magnetic-entanglement” behavior that starts from an entangled field around the saturation field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Satoori
- grid.411872.90000 0001 2087 2250Department of Physics, University of Guilan, 41335-1914 Rasht, Iran
| | - Saeed Mahdavifar
- grid.411872.90000 0001 2087 2250Department of Physics, University of Guilan, 41335-1914 Rasht, Iran
| | - Javad Vahedi
- grid.15078.3b0000 0000 9397 8745Department of Physics and Earth Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, 28759 Germany
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41
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Sharma S, Jäger SB, Kraus R, Roscilde T, Morigi G. Quantum Critical Behavior of Entanglement in Lattice Bosons with Cavity-Mediated Long-Range Interactions. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:143001. [PMID: 36240423 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We analyze the ground-state entanglement entropy of the extended Bose-Hubbard model with infinite-range interactions. This model describes the low-energy dynamics of ultracold bosons tightly bound to an optical lattice and dispersively coupled to a cavity mode. The competition between on-site repulsion and global cavity-induced interactions leads to a rich phase diagram, which exhibits superfluid, supersolid, and insulating (Mott and checkerboard) phases. We use a slave-boson treatment of harmonic quantum fluctuations around the mean-field solution and calculate the entanglement entropy across the phase transitions. At commensurate filling, the insulator-superfluid transition is signaled by a singularity in the area-law scaling coefficient of the entanglement entropy, which is similar to the one reported for the standard Bose-Hubbard model. Remarkably, at the continuous Z_{2} superfluid-to-supersolid transition we find a critical logarithmic term, regardless of the filling. This behavior originates from the appearance of a roton mode in the excitation and entanglement spectrum, becoming gapless at the critical point, and it is characteristic of collective models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shraddha Sharma
- Theoretische Physik, Saarland University, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- ICTP-The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Simon B Jäger
- Theoretische Physik, Saarland University, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Physics Department and Research Center OPTIMAS, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
- JILA and Department of Physics, University of Colorado, 440 UCB, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA
| | - Rebecca Kraus
- Theoretische Physik, Saarland University, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tommaso Roscilde
- Univ. Lyon, Ens de Lyon, CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, F-69342 Lyon, France
| | - Giovanna Morigi
- Theoretische Physik, Saarland University, Campus E2.6, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
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42
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Tian Y, Zhang Z, Ye J, Zhao Y, Hu J, Chen W. Quantum gas microscope assisted with T-shape vacuum viewports. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:36912-36920. [PMID: 36258611 DOI: 10.1364/oe.471041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A quantum gas microscope plays an important role in cold-atom experiments, which provides a high-resolution imaging of the spatial distributions of cold atoms. Here we design, build and calibrate an integrated microscope for quantum gases with all the optical components fixed outside the vacuum chamber. It provides large numerical aperture (NA) of 0.75, as well as good optical access from side for atom loading in cold-atom experiments due to long working distance (7 mm fused silica+6 mm vacuum) of the microscope objective. We make a special design of the vacuum viewport with a T-shape window, to suppress the window flatness distortion introduced by the metal-glass binding process, and protect the high-resolution imaging from distortions due to unflattened window. The achieved Strehl ratio is 0.9204 using scanning-near-field microscopy (SNOM) fiber coupling incoherent light as point light source.
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43
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Xie XD, Guo X, Xing H, Xue ZY, Zhang DB, Zhu SL. Variational thermal quantum simulation of the lattice Schwinger model. Int J Clin Exp Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.106.054509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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44
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Lee D, Pramanik T, Hong S, Cho YW, Lim HT, Chin S, Kim YS. Entangling three identical particles via spatial overlap. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:30525-30535. [PMID: 36242154 DOI: 10.1364/oe.460866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Quantum correlations between identical particles are at the heart of quantum technologies. Several studies with two identical particles have shown that the spatial overlap and indistinguishability between the particles are necessary for generating bipartite entanglement. On the other hand, researches on the extension to more than two-particle systems are limited by the practical difficulty to control multiple identical particles in laboratories. In this work, we propose schemes to generate two fundamental classes of genuine tripartite entanglement, i.e., GHZ and W classes, which are experimentally demonstrated using linear optics with three identical photons. We also show that the tripartite entanglement class decays from the genuine entanglement to the full separability as the particles become more distinguishable from each other. Our results support the prediction that particle indistinguishability is a fundamental element for entangling identical particles.
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45
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Grün DS, Ymai LH, Wittmann W K, Tonel AP, Foerster A, Links J. Integrable Atomtronic Interferometry. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:020401. [PMID: 35867439 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.020401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High sensitivity quantum interferometry requires more than just access to entangled states. It is achieved through the deep understanding of quantum correlations in a system. Integrable models offer the framework to develop this understanding. We communicate the design of interferometric protocols for an integrable model that describes the interaction of bosons in a four-site configuration. Analytic formulas for the quantum dynamics of certain observables are computed. These expose the system's functionality as both an interferometric identifier, and producer, of NOON states. Being equivalent to a controlled-phase gate acting on 2 hybrid qudits, this system also highlights an equivalence between Heisenberg-limited interferometry and quantum information. These results are expected to open new avenues for integrability-enhanced atomtronic technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Grün
- Instituto de Física da UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - L H Ymai
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Avenida Maria Anunciação Gomes de Godoy, 1650 Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - K Wittmann W
- Instituto de Física da UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A P Tonel
- Universidade Federal do Pampa, Avenida Maria Anunciação Gomes de Godoy, 1650 Bagé, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - A Foerster
- Instituto de Física da UFRGS, Avenida Bento Gonçalves, 9500 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - J Links
- School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia
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46
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Neural Error Mitigation of Near-Term Quantum Simulations. NAT MACH INTELL 2022. [DOI: 10.1038/s42256-022-00509-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Bluvstein D, Levine H, Semeghini G, Wang TT, Ebadi S, Kalinowski M, Keesling A, Maskara N, Pichler H, Greiner M, Vuletić V, Lukin MD. A quantum processor based on coherent transport of entangled atom arrays. Nature 2022; 604:451-456. [PMID: 35444318 PMCID: PMC9021024 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04592-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The ability to engineer parallel, programmable operations between desired qubits within a quantum processor is key for building scalable quantum information systems1,2. In most state-of-the-art approaches, qubits interact locally, constrained by the connectivity associated with their fixed spatial layout. Here we demonstrate a quantum processor with dynamic, non-local connectivity, in which entangled qubits are coherently transported in a highly parallel manner across two spatial dimensions, between layers of single- and two-qubit operations. Our approach makes use of neutral atom arrays trapped and transported by optical tweezers; hyperfine states are used for robust quantum information storage, and excitation into Rydberg states is used for entanglement generation3–5. We use this architecture to realize programmable generation of entangled graph states, such as cluster states and a seven-qubit Steane code state6,7. Furthermore, we shuttle entangled ancilla arrays to realize a surface code state with thirteen data and six ancillary qubits8 and a toric code state on a torus with sixteen data and eight ancillary qubits9. Finally, we use this architecture to realize a hybrid analogue–digital evolution2 and use it for measuring entanglement entropy in quantum simulations10–12, experimentally observing non-monotonic entanglement dynamics associated with quantum many-body scars13,14. Realizing a long-standing goal, these results provide a route towards scalable quantum processing and enable applications ranging from simulation to metrology. A quantum processer is realized using arrays of neutral atoms that are transported in a parallel manner by optical tweezers during computations, and used for quantum error correction and simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dolev Bluvstein
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Harry Levine
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,AWS Center for Quantum Computing, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | | | - Tout T Wang
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sepehr Ebadi
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Alexander Keesling
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.,QuEra Computing Inc., Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nishad Maskara
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Hannes Pichler
- Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria.,Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Markus Greiner
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Vladan Vuletić
- Department of Physics and Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mikhail D Lukin
- Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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48
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Murciano S, Vitale V, Dalmonte M, Calabrese P. Negativity Hamiltonian: An Operator Characterization of Mixed-State Entanglement. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:140502. [PMID: 35476496 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.140502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the context of ground states of quantum many-body systems, the locality of entanglement between connected regions of space is directly tied to the locality of the corresponding entanglement Hamiltonian: the latter is dominated by local, few-body terms. In this work, we introduce the negativity Hamiltonian as the (non-Hermitian) effective Hamiltonian operator describing the logarithm of the partial transpose of a many-body system. This allows us to address the connection between entanglement and operator locality beyond the paradigm of bipartite pure systems. As a first step in this direction, we study the structure of the negativity Hamiltonian for fermionic conformal field theories and a free-fermion chain: in both cases, we show that the negativity Hamiltonian assumes a quasilocal functional form, that is captured by simple functional relations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Murciano
- SISSA, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Vittorio Vitale
- SISSA, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Marcello Dalmonte
- SISSA, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Calabrese
- SISSA, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- INFN Sezione di Trieste, via Bonomea 265, 34136 Trieste, Italy
- The Abdus Salam International Center for Theoretical Physics, Strada Costiera 11, 34151 Trieste, Italy
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49
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Jansen ND, Loucks M, Gilbert S, Fleming-Dittenber C, Egbert J, Hunt KLC. Shannon and von Neumann entropies of multi-qubit Schrödinger's cat states. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:7666-7681. [PMID: 35297927 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp05255a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Using IBM's publicly accessible quantum computers, we have analyzed the entropies of Schrödinger's cat states, which have the form Ψ = (1/2)1/2 [|0 0 0⋯0〉 + |1 1 1⋯1〉]. We have obtained the average Shannon entropy SSo of the distribution over measurement outcomes from 75 runs of 8192 shots, for each of the numbers of entangled qubits, on each of the quantum computers tested. For the distribution over N fault-free measurements on pure cat states, SSo would approach one as N → ∞, independent of the number of qubits; but we have found that SSo varies nearly linearly with the number of qubits n. The slope of SSoversus the number of qubits differs among computers with the same quantum volumes. We have developed a two-parameter model that reproduces the near-linear dependence of the entropy on the number of qubits, based on the probabilities of observing the output 0 when a qubit is set to |0〉 and 1 when it is set to |1〉. The slope increases as the error rate increases. The slope provides a sensitive measure of the accuracy of a quantum computer, so it serves as a quickly determinable index of performance. We have used tomographic methods with error mitigation as described in the qiskit documentation to find the density matrix ρ and evaluate the von Neumann entropies of the cat states. From the reduced density matrices for individual qubits, we have calculated the entanglement entropies. The reduced density matrices represent mixed states with approximately 50/50 probabilities for states |0〉 and |1〉. The entanglement entropies are very close to one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Jansen
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.
| | - Matthew Loucks
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.
| | - Scott Gilbert
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.
| | | | - Julia Egbert
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.
| | - Katharine L C Hunt
- Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, 48824, USA.
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50
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Tunable Geometries in Sparse Clifford Circuits. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14040666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigate the emergence of different effective geometries in stochastic Clifford circuits with sparse coupling. By changing the probability distribution for choosing two-site gates as a function of distance, we generate sparse interactions that either decay or grow with distance as a function of a single tunable parameter. Tuning this parameter reveals three distinct regimes of geometry for the spreading of correlations and growth of entanglement in the system. We observe linear geometry for short-range interactions, treelike geometry on a sparse coupling graph for long-range interactions, and an intermediate fast scrambling regime at the crossover point between the linear and treelike geometries. This transition in geometry is revealed in calculations of the subsystem entanglement entropy and tripartite mutual information. We also study emergent lightcones that govern these effective geometries by teleporting a single qubit of information from an input qubit to an output qubit. These tools help to analyze distinct geometries arising in dynamics and correlation spreading in quantum many-body systems.
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