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Yang L, Ahammed MS, Wu P, Sternburg JO, Liu J, Wang X. Genetic blockade of the activation of 26S proteasomes by PKA is well tolerated by mice at baseline. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE 2024; 14:90-105. [PMID: 38764549 PMCID: PMC11101957 DOI: 10.62347/nswr6869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Proteasome activation by the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) was long suggested and recent studies using both cell cultures and genetically engineered mice have established that direct phosphorylation of RPN6/PSMD11 at Serine14 (pS14-RPN6) mediates the activation of 26S proteasomes by PKA. Genetic mimicry of pS14-RPN6 has been shown to be benign at baseline and capable of protecting against cardiac proteinopathy in mice. Here we report the results from a comprehensive baseline characterization of the Rpn6S14A mice (S14A), the first animal model of genetic blockade of the activation of 26S proteasomes by PKA. METHOD Wild type and homozygous S14A littermate mice were subjected to serial M-mode echocardiography at 1 through 7 months of age, to left ventricular (LV) catheterization via the carotid artery for assessment of LV mechanical performance, and to cardiac gravimetric analyses at 26 weeks of age. Mouse mortality and morbidity were monitored daily for up to one year. Males and females were studied in parallel. RESULTS Mice homozygous for S14A were viable and fertile and did not show discernible developmental abnormalities or increased mortality or morbidity compared with their Rpn6 wild type littermates by at least one year of age, the longest cohort observed thus far. Neither serial echocardiography nor hemodynamic assessments detected a remarkable difference in cardiac morphometry and function between S14A and wild type littermate mice. No cardiac gravimetric difference was observed. CONCLUSION The findings of the present study indicate that genetic blockade of the activation of 26S proteasomes by PKA is well tolerated by mice at baseline. Therefore, the S14A mouse provides a desirable genetic tool for further investigating the in vivo pathophysiological and pharmacological significance of pS14-RPN6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuqing Yang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South DakotaVermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Md Salim Ahammed
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South DakotaVermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Penglong Wu
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South DakotaVermillion, SD 57069, USA
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Jack O Sternburg
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South DakotaVermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Jinbao Liu
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation, State Key Lab of Respiratory Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhou 511436, Guangdong, P. R. China
| | - Xuejun Wang
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine of The University of South DakotaVermillion, SD 57069, USA
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2
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Yu Q, Wang Z, Tu Y, Cao Y, Zhu H, Shao J, Zhuang R, Zhou Y, Zhang J. Proteasome activation: A novel strategy for targeting undruggable intrinsically disordered proteins. Bioorg Chem 2024; 145:107217. [PMID: 38368657 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are characterized by their inability to adopt well-defined tertiary structures under physiological conditions. Nonetheless, they often play pivotal roles in the progression of various diseases, including cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, and cardiovascular ailments. Owing to their inherent dynamism, conventional drug design approaches based on structural considerations encounter substantial challenges when applied to IDPs. Consequently, the pursuit of therapeutic interventions directed towards IDPs presents a complex endeavor. While there are indeed existing methodologies for targeting IDPs, they are encumbered by noteworthy constrains. Hence, there exists an imminent imperative to investigate more efficacious and universally applicable strategies for modulating IDPs. Here, we present an overview of the latest advancements in the research pertaining to IDPs, along with the indirect regulation approach involving the modulation of IDP degradation through proteasome. By comprehending these advancements in research, novel insights can be generated to facilitate the development of new drugs targeted at addressing the accumulation of IDPs in diverse pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yutong Tu
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yu Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Huajian Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jiaan Shao
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Rangxiao Zhuang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Preparation, Hangzhou Xixi Hospital, Hangzhou, 310023, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Yubo Zhou
- The National Center for Drug Screening, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jiankang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Novel Targets and Drug Study for Neural Repair of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Hangzhou City University, Hangzhou, 310015, Zhejiang Province, China; College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang Province, China.
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3
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Waite KA, Vontz G, Lee SY, Roelofs J. Proteasome condensate formation is driven by multivalent interactions with shuttle factors and ubiquitin chains. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2310756121. [PMID: 38408252 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2310756121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Stress conditions can cause the relocalization of proteasomes to condensates in yeast and mammalian cells. The interactions that facilitate the formation of proteasome condensates, however, are unclear. Here, we show that the formation of proteasome condensates in yeast depends on ubiquitin chains together with the proteasome shuttle factors Rad23 and Dsk2. These shuttle factors colocalize to these condensates. Strains deleted for the third shuttle factor gene, DDI1, show proteasome condensates in the absence of cellular stress, consistent with the accumulation of substrates with long K48-linked ubiquitin chains that accumulate in this mutant. We propose a model where the long K48-linked ubiquitin chains function as a scaffold for the ubiquitin-binding domains of the shuttle factors and the proteasome, allowing for the multivalent interactions that further drive condensate formation. Indeed, we determined different intrinsic ubiquitin receptors of the proteasome-Rpn1, Rpn10, and Rpn13-and the Ubl domains of Rad23 and Dsk2 are critical under different condensate-inducing conditions. In all, our data support a model where the cellular accumulation of substrates with long ubiquitin chains, potentially due to reduced cellular energy, allows for proteasome condensate formation. This suggests that proteasome condensates are not simply for proteasome storage, but function to sequester soluble ubiquitinated substrates together with inactive proteasomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenrick A Waite
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Gabrielle Vontz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Stella Y Lee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
| | - Jeroen Roelofs
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160
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4
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Moon DO. Curcumin in Cancer and Inflammation: An In-Depth Exploration of Molecular Interactions, Therapeutic Potentials, and the Role in Disease Management. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2911. [PMID: 38474160 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper delves into the diverse and significant roles of curcumin, a polyphenolic compound from the Curcuma longa plant, in the context of cancer and inflammatory diseases. Distinguished by its unique molecular structure, curcumin exhibits potent biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and potential anticancer effects. The research comprehensively investigates curcumin's molecular interactions with key proteins involved in cancer progression and the inflammatory response, primarily through molecular docking studies. In cancer, curcumin's effectiveness is determined by examining its interaction with pivotal proteins like CDK2, CK2α, GSK3β, DYRK2, and EGFR, among others. These interactions suggest curcumin's potential role in impeding cancer cell proliferation and survival. Additionally, the paper highlights curcumin's impact on inflammation by examining its influence on proteins such as COX-2, CRP, PDE4, and MD-2, which are central to the inflammatory pathway. In vitro and clinical studies are extensively reviewed, shedding light on curcumin's binding mechanisms, pharmacological impacts, and therapeutic application in various cancers and inflammatory conditions. These studies are pivotal in understanding curcumin's functionality and its potential as a therapeutic agent. Conclusively, this review emphasizes the therapeutic promise of curcumin in treating a wide range of health issues, attributed to its complex chemistry and broad pharmacological properties. The research points towards curcumin's growing importance as a multi-faceted natural compound in the medical and scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Oh Moon
- Department of Biology Education, Daegu University, 201, Daegudae-ro, Gyeongsan-si 38453, Gyeongsangbuk-do, Republic of Korea
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5
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Yuan K, Xia F, Li Q, Zheng M, Shen H, Chen W, Yang H, Zhuang X, Zhang XY, Xiao Y, Yang P. Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Orally Bioavailable DYRK2 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:16235-16256. [PMID: 38033250 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) seriously threatens male health, and targeting dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) has been verified to reduce PCa burden, while the research progress on the DYRK2 inhibitors was relatively slow. In this work, we discovered DYRK2 inhibitor 12 (IC50 = 9681 nM) through virtual screening. Subsequently, we performed systematic structural optimization to obtain 54 (IC50 = 14 nM). Compound 54 exhibited high selectivity among 215 kinases and significantly suppressed the proliferation and metastasis of PCa cells in vitro. Moreover, compound 54 displayed high safety, favorable bioavailability, and potent tumor growth inhibitory activity in vivo, which could be used as a potential candidate in the discovery of novel anti-PCa drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weijiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Huanaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xujie Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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6
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Zhang R, Pan S, Zheng S, Liao Q, Jiang Z, Wang D, Li X, Hu A, Li X, Zhu Y, Shen X, Lei J, Zhong S, Zhang X, Huang L, Wang X, Huang L, Shen L, Song BL, Zhao JW, Wang Z, Yang B, Guo X. Lipid-anchored proteasomes control membrane protein homeostasis. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadj4605. [PMID: 38019907 PMCID: PMC10686573 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adj4605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation in eukaryotic cells is mainly carried out by the 26S proteasome, a macromolecular complex not only present in the cytosol and nucleus but also associated with various membranes. How proteasomes are anchored to the membrane and the biological meaning thereof have been largely unknown in higher organisms. Here, we show that N-myristoylation of the Rpt2 subunit is a general mechanism for proteasome-membrane interaction. Loss of this modification in the Rpt2-G2A mutant cells leads to profound changes in the membrane-associated proteome, perturbs the endomembrane system, and undermines critical cellular processes such as cell adhesion, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation and membrane protein trafficking. Rpt2G2A/G2A homozygous mutation is embryonic lethal in mice and is sufficient to abolish tumor growth in a nude mice xenograft model. These findings have defined an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for maintaining membrane protein homeostasis and underscored the significance of compartmentalized protein degradation by myristoyl-anchored proteasomes in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruizhu Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shuxian Pan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Suya Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qingqing Liao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhaodi Jiang
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Dixian Wang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuemei Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ao Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xinran Li
- Zhejiang University-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, Hangzhou 311200, China
| | - Yezhang Zhu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaoqi Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jing Lei
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Siming Zhong
- Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute, Zhejiang University, Haining 314400, China
- Deanery of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lingyun Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Lan Huang
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bao-Liang Song
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, College of Life Sciences, Taikang Center for Life and Medical Sciences, Taikang Medical School, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jing-Wei Zhao
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, System Medicine Research Center, and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Cryo-Electron Microscopy Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
- The MOE Frontier Science Center for Brain Research and Brain-Machine Integration, Zhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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7
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Takano Y, Yogosawa S, Imaizumi Y, Kamioka H, Kanegae Y, Eto K, Yoshida K. DYRK2 promotes chemosensitivity via p53-mediated apoptosis after DNA damage in colorectal cancer. Cancer Sci 2023; 114:4558-4570. [PMID: 37776195 PMCID: PMC10728020 DOI: 10.1111/cas.15973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) is a protein kinase that phosphorylates p53-Ser46 and induces apoptosis in response to DNA damage. However, the relationship between DYRK2 expression and chemosensitivity after DNA damage in colorectal cancer has not been well investigated. The aim of the present study was to examine whether DYRK2 could be a novel marker for predicting chemosensitivity after 5-fluorouracil- and oxaliplatin-induced DNA damage in colorectal cancer. Here we showed that DYRK2 knockout decreased the chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in p53 wild-type colorectal cancer cells, whereas the chemosensitivity remained unchanged in p53-deficient/mutated colorectal cancer cells. In addition, no significant differences in chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin between scramble and siDYRK2 p53(-/-) colorectal cancer cells were observed. Conversely, the combination of adenovirus-mediated overexpression of DYRK2 with 5-fluorouracil or oxaliplatin enhanced apoptosis and chemosensitivity through p53-Ser46 phosphorylation in p53 wild-type colorectal cancer cells. Furthermore, DYRK2 knockout decreased chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in p53 wild-type xenograft mouse models. Taken together, these findings demonstrated that DYRK2 expression was associated with chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil and oxaliplatin in p53 wild-type colorectal cancer, suggesting the importance of evaluating the p53 status and DYRK2 expression as a novel marker in therapeutic strategies for colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Takano
- Department of BiochemistryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Satomi Yogosawa
- Department of BiochemistryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yuta Imaizumi
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kamioka
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, The Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Yumi Kanegae
- Core Research Facilities for Basic Science, Research Center for Medical ScienceThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Ken Eto
- Department of SurgeryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of BiochemistryThe Jikei University School of MedicineTokyoJapan
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8
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Salahudeen AA, Seoane JA, Yuki K, Mah AT, Smith AR, Kolahi K, De la O SM, Hart DJ, Ding J, Ma Z, Barkal SA, Shukla ND, Zhang CH, Cantrell MA, Batish A, Usui T, Root DE, Hahn WC, Curtis C, Kuo CJ. Functional screening of amplification outlier oncogenes in organoid models of early tumorigenesis. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113355. [PMID: 37922313 PMCID: PMC10841581 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Somatic copy number gains are pervasive across cancer types, yet their roles in oncogenesis are insufficiently evaluated. This inadequacy is partly due to copy gains spanning large chromosomal regions, obscuring causal loci. Here, we employed organoid modeling to evaluate candidate oncogenic loci identified via integrative computational analysis of extreme copy gains overlapping with extreme expression dysregulation in The Cancer Genome Atlas. Subsets of "outlier" candidates were contextually screened as tissue-specific cDNA lentiviral libraries within cognate esophagus, oral cavity, colon, stomach, pancreas, and lung organoids bearing initial oncogenic mutations. Iterative analysis nominated the kinase DYRK2 at 12q15 as an amplified head and neck squamous carcinoma oncogene in p53-/- oral mucosal organoids. Similarly, FGF3, amplified at 11q13 in 41% of esophageal squamous carcinomas, promoted p53-/- esophageal organoid growth reversible by small molecule and soluble receptor antagonism of FGFRs. Our studies establish organoid-based contextual screening of candidate genomic drivers, enabling functional evaluation during early tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ameen A Salahudeen
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; University of Illinois Cancer Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Jose A Seoane
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Cancer Computational Biology Group, Vall d'Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), 08035 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Kanako Yuki
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amanda T Mah
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Amber R Smith
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Kevin Kolahi
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sean M De la O
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel J Hart
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jie Ding
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhicheng Ma
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sammy A Barkal
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Navika D Shukla
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Chuck H Zhang
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Michael A Cantrell
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arpit Batish
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tatsuya Usui
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - William C Hahn
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Department of Medical Oncology, 450 Brookline Avenue, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christina Curtis
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Oncology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Genetics, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Calvin J Kuo
- Stanford University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
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Mochimaru Y, Yoshida K. Functional Roles of DYRK2 as a Tumor Regulator. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:8539-8551. [PMID: 37886981 PMCID: PMC10605165 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45100538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) regulates the induction of apoptosis and DNA repair, metastasis inhibition, cell cycle G1/S transition, protein scaffold stability for E3 ligase complexes, and embryogenesis. Owing to these functions, DYRK2 is thought to regulate tumorigenesis, and its function in cancer has been investigated. Notably, DYRK2 has been reported to function as a tumor suppressor; however, it has also been reported to act as an oncogene in some cancers. This discrepancy makes it difficult to elucidate the conserved functions of DYRK2 in cancer. Here, we reviewed the functions of DYRK2 in various cancers. Patient tissue samples were evaluated for each cancer type. Although some studies have used cell lines and/or xenografts to elucidate the mechanism of DYRK2 function, these studies are not sufficient to understand the role of DYRK2 in cancers. In particular, studies using genetically modified mice would help us to understand the reported functional duality of DYRK2 in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiyotsugu Yoshida
- Department of Biochemistry, The Jikei University School of Medicine, Tokyo 105-8461, Japan;
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10
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Tychhon B, Allen JC, Gonzalez MA, Olivas IM, Solecki JP, Keivan M, Velazquez VV, McCall EB, Tapia DN, Rubio AJ, Jordan C, Elliott D, Eiring AM. The prognostic value of 19S ATPase proteasome subunits in acute myeloid leukemia and other forms of cancer. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1209425. [PMID: 37502358 PMCID: PMC10371016 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1209425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) is an intracellular organelle responsible for targeted protein degradation, which represents a standard therapeutic target for many different human malignancies. Bortezomib, a reversible inhibitor of chymotrypsin-like proteasome activity, was first approved by the FDA in 2003 to treat multiple myeloma and is now used to treat a number of different cancers, including relapsed mantle cell lymphoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, colorectal cancer, and thyroid carcinoma. Despite the success, bortezomib and other proteasome inhibitors are subject to severe side effects, and ultimately, drug resistance. We recently reported an oncogenic role for non-ATPase members of the 19S proteasome in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and several different solid tumors. In the present study, we hypothesized that ATPase members of the 19S proteasome would also serve as biomarkers and putative therapeutic targets in AML and multiple other cancers. Methods We used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) available at UALCAN and/or GEPIA2 to assess the expression and prognostic value of proteasome 26S subunit, ATPases 1-6 (PSMC1-6) of the 19S proteasome in cancer. UALCAN was also used to associate PSMC1-6 mRNA expression with distinct clinicopathological features. Finally, cBioPortal was employed to assess genomic alterations of PSMC genes across different cancer types. Results The mRNA and protein expression of PSMC1-6 of the 19S proteasome were elevated in several cancers compared with normal controls, which often correlated with worse overall survival. In contrast, AML patients demonstrated reduced expression of these proteasome subunits compared with normal mononuclear cells. However, AML patients with high expression of PSMC2-5 had worse outcomes. Discussion Altogether, our data suggest that components of the 19S proteasome could serve as prognostic biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in AML and several other human malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boranai Tychhon
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jesse C. Allen
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Mayra A. Gonzalez
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Idaly M. Olivas
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Jonathan P. Solecki
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Mehrshad Keivan
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Vanessa V. Velazquez
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Emily B. McCall
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Desiree N. Tapia
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Andres J. Rubio
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Connor Jordan
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - David Elliott
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
| | - Anna M. Eiring
- Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- Center of Emphasis in Cancer, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
- L. Frederick Francis Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center at El Paso, El Paso, TX, United States
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Waite KA, Vontz G, Lee SY, Roelofs J. Proteasome condensate formation is driven by multivalent interactions with shuttle factors and K48-linked ubiquitin chains. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.06.25.546446. [PMID: 37425862 PMCID: PMC10326979 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.25.546446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Stress conditions can cause the relocalization of proteasomes to condensates in yeast and mammalian cells. The interactions that facilitate the formation of proteasome condensates, however, are unclear. Here, we show that the formation of proteasome condensates in yeast depends on long K48-linked ubiquitin chains together with the proteasome shuttle factors Rad23 and Dsk2. These shuttle factors colocalize to these condensates. Strains deleted for the third shuttle factor gene, DDI1 , show proteasome condensates in the absence of cellular stress, consistent with the accumulation of substrates with long K48-linked ubiquitin chains that accumulate in this mutant. We propose a model where the long K48-linked ubiquitin chains function as a scaffold for the ubiquitin binding domains of the shuttle factors and the proteasome, allowing for the multivalent interactions that further drive condensate formation. Indeed, we determined different intrinsic ubiquitin receptors of the proteasome (Rpn1, Rpn10, and Rpn13) are critical under different condensate inducing conditions. In all, our data support a model where the cellular accumulation of substrates with long ubiquitin chains, potentially due to reduced cellular energy, allows for proteasome condensate formation. This suggests that proteasome condensates are not simply for proteasome storage, but function to sequester soluble ubiquitinated substrates together with inactive proteasomes. Significance Stress conditions can cause the relocalization of proteasomes to condensates in yeast as well as mammalian cells. Our work shows that the formation of proteasome condensates in yeast depends on long K48-linked ubiquitin chains, the proteasome binding shuttle factors Rad23 and Dsk2 and proteasome intrinsic ubiquitin receptors. Here, different receptors are critical for different condensate inducers. These results indicate distinct condensates can form with specific functionality. Our identification of key factors involved in the process is crucial for understanding the function of proteasome relocalization to condensates. We propose that cellular accumulation of substrates with long ubiquitin chains results in the formation of condensates comprising those ubiquitinated substrates, proteasomes, and proteasome shuttle factors, where the ubiquitin chains serve as the scaffold for condensate formation.
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12
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Zhong Q, Xiao X, Qiu Y, Xu Z, Chen C, Chong B, Zhao X, Hai S, Li S, An Z, Dai L. Protein posttranslational modifications in health and diseases: Functions, regulatory mechanisms, and therapeutic implications. MedComm (Beijing) 2023; 4:e261. [PMID: 37143582 PMCID: PMC10152985 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of proteins, which provides the basis for the emergence of organismal complexity. To date, more than 650 types of protein modifications, such as the most well-known phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, methylation, SUMOylation, short-chain and long-chain acylation modifications, redox modifications, and irreversible modifications, have been described, and the inventory is still increasing. By changing the protein conformation, localization, activity, stability, charges, and interactions with other biomolecules, PTMs ultimately alter the phenotypes and biological processes of cells. The homeostasis of protein modifications is important to human health. Abnormal PTMs may cause changes in protein properties and loss of protein functions, which are closely related to the occurrence and development of various diseases. In this review, we systematically introduce the characteristics, regulatory mechanisms, and functions of various PTMs in health and diseases. In addition, the therapeutic prospects in various diseases by targeting PTMs and associated regulatory enzymes are also summarized. This work will deepen the understanding of protein modifications in health and diseases and promote the discovery of diagnostic and prognostic markers and drug targets for diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xina Xiao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Yijie Qiu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhiqiang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Chunyu Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Baochen Chong
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Xinjun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shan Hai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Shuangqing Li
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Zhenmei An
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismGeneral Practice Ward/International Medical Center WardGeneral Practice Medical Center and National Clinical Research Center for GeriatricsState Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Zhang R, Pan S, Zheng S, Liao Q, Jiang Z, Wang D, Li X, Hu A, Li X, Zhu Y, Shen X, Lei J, Zhong S, Zhang X, Huang L, Wang X, Huang L, Shen L, Song BL, Zhao J, Wang Z, Yang B, Guo X. Lipid-anchored Proteasomes Control Membrane Protein Homeostasis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.12.540509. [PMID: 37214852 PMCID: PMC10197712 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.12.540509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Protein degradation in eukaryotic cells is mainly carried out by the 26S proteasome, a macromolecular complex not only present in the cytosol and nucleus but also associated with various membranes. How proteasomes are anchored to the membrane and the biological meaning thereof have been largely unknown in higher organisms. Here we show that N-myristoylation of the Rpt2 subunit is a general mechanism for proteasome-membrane interaction. Loss of this modification in the Rpt2-G2A mutant cells leads to profound changes in the membrane-associated proteome, perturbs the endomembrane system and undermines critical cellular processes such as cell adhesion, endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD) and membrane protein trafficking. Rpt2 G2A/G2A homozygous mutation is embryonic lethal in mice and is sufficient to abolish tumor growth in a nude mice xenograft model. These findings have defined an evolutionarily conserved mechanism for maintaining membrane protein homeostasis and underscored the significance of compartmentalized protein degradation by m yristoyl- a nchored p roteasomes (MAPs) in health and disease.
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Lee D, Zhu Y, Colson L, Wang X, Chen S, Tkacik E, Huang L, Ouyang Q, Goldberg AL, Lu Y. Molecular mechanisms for activation of the 26S proteasome. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.09.540094. [PMID: 37214989 PMCID: PMC10197607 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.09.540094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Various hormones, kinases, and stressors (fasting, heat shock) stimulate 26S proteasome activity. To understand how its capacity to degrade ubiquitylated protein can increase, we studied ZFAND5, which promotes protein degradation during muscle atrophy. Cryo-electron microscopy showed that ZFAND5 induces large conformational changes in the 19S regulatory particle. ZFAND5's AN1 Zn finger interacts with the Rpt5 ATPase and its C-terminus with Rpt1 ATPase and Rpn1, a ubiquitin-binding subunit. Surprisingly, these C-terminal interactions are sufficient to activate proteolysis. With ZFAND5 bound, entry into the proteasome's protein translocation channel is wider, and ZFAND5 dissociation causes opening of the 20S gate for substrate entry. Using single-molecular microscopy, we showed that ZFAND5 binds ubiquitylated substrates, prolongs their association with proteasomes, and increases the likelihood that bound substrates undergo degradation, even though ZFAND5 dissociates before substrate deubiquitylation. These changes in proteasome conformation and reaction cycle can explain the accelerated degradation and suggest how other proteasome activators may stimulate proteolysis.
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15
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Yang L, Parajuli N, Wu P, Liu J, Wang X. Ser14-RPN6 Phosphorylation Mediates the Activation of 26S Proteasomes by cAMP and Protects against Cardiac Proteotoxic Stress in Mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.05.535705. [PMID: 37066344 PMCID: PMC10104033 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.05.535705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background A better understanding of the regulation of proteasome activities can facilitate the search for new therapeutic strategies. A cell culture study shows that cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activates the 26S proteasome by phosphorylating Ser14 of RPN6 (pS14-RPN6), but this discovery and its physiological significance remain to be established in vivo . Methods Male and female mice with Ser14 of Rpn6 mutated to Ala (S14A) or Asp (S14D) to respectively block or mimic pS14-Rpn6 were created and used along with cells derived from them. cAMP/PKA were manipulated pharmacologically. Ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) functioning was evaluated with the GFPdgn reporter mouse and proteasomal activity assays. Impact of S14A and S14D on proteotoxicity was tested in mice and cardiomyocytes overexpressing the misfolded protein R120G-CryAB (R120G). Results PKA activation increased pS14-Rpn6 and 26S proteasome activities in wild-type (WT) but not S14A embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), adult cardiomyocytes (AMCMs), and mouse hearts. Basal 26S proteasome activities were significantly greater in S14D myocardium and AMCMs than in WT counterparts. S14D::GFPdgn mice displayed significantly lower myocardial GFPdgn protein but not mRNA levels than GFPdgn mice. In R120G mice, a classic model of cardiac proteotoxicity, basal myocardial pS14-Rpn6 was significantly lower compared with non- transgenic littermates, which was not always associated with reduction of other phosphorylated PKA substrates. Cultured S14D neonatal cardiomyocytes displayed significantly faster proteasomal degradation of R120G than WT neonatal cardiomyocytes. Compared with R120G mice, S14D/S14D::R120G mice showed significantly greater myocardial proteasome activities, lower levels of total and K48-linked ubiquitin conjugates and of aberrant CryAB protein aggregates, less reactivation of fetal genes and cardiac hypertrophy, and delays in cardiac malfunction. Conclusions This study establishes in animals that pS14-Rpn6 mediates the activation of 26S proteasomes by PKA and that the reduced pS14-Rpn6 is a key pathogenic factor in cardiac proteinopathy, thereby identifies a new therapeutic target to reduce cardiac proteotoxicity.
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16
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Atta H, Alzahaby N, Hamdy NM, Emam SH, Sonousi A, Ziko L. New trends in synthetic drugs and natural products targeting 20S proteasomes in cancers. Bioorg Chem 2023; 133:106427. [PMID: 36841046 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a global health challenge that remains to be a field of extensive research aiming to find new anticancer therapeutics. The 20S proteasome complex is one of the targets of anticancerdrugs, as it is correlated with several cancer types. Herein, we aim to discuss the 20S proteasome subunits and investigatethe currently studied proteasome inhibitors targeting the catalytically active proteasome subunits. In this review, we summarize the proteindegradation mechanism of the 20S proteasome complex and compareit with the 26S proteasome complex. Afterwards, the localization of the 20S proteasome is summarized as well as its use as a diagnosticandprognostic marker. The FDA-approved proteasome inhibitors (PIs) under clinical trials are summarized and their current limited use in solid tumors is also reviewed in addition to the expression of theβ5 subunit in differentcell lines. The review discusses in-silico analysis of the active subunit of the 20S proteasome complex. For development of new proteasome inhibitor drugs, the natural products inhibiting the 20S proteasome are summarized, as well as novel methodologies and challenges for the natural product discovery and current information about the biosynthetic gene clusters encoding them. We herein briefly summarize some resistancemechanismsto the proteasomeinhibitors. Additionally, we focus on the three main classes of proteasome inhibitors: 1] boronic acid, 2] beta-lactone and 3] epoxide inhibitor classes, as well as other PI classes, and their IC50 values and their structure-activity relationship (SAR). Lastly,we summarize several future prospects of developing new proteasome inhibitors towards the treatment of tumors, especially solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind Atta
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Egypt
| | - Nouran Alzahaby
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Abassia 11566, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Soha H Emam
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Amr Sonousi
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Egypt; Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo 11562, Egypt
| | - Laila Ziko
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire Hosted By Global Academic Foundation, Egypt; Biology Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, American University in Cairo, Egypt.
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Yuan K, Shen H, Zheng M, Xia F, Li Q, Chen W, Ji M, Yang H, Zhuang X, Cai Z, Min W, Wang X, Xiao Y, Yang P. Discovery of Potent DYRK2 Inhibitors with High Selectivity, Great Solubility, and Excellent Safety Properties for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer. J Med Chem 2023; 66:4215-4230. [PMID: 36800260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common male cancer with high incidence and mortality, and hormonal therapy as the major treatment for PCa patients is troubled by the inevitable resistance that makes us identify novel targets for PCa. Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) was found to be an effective target for the treatment of PCa, but the research on its inhibitors is rather little. In this work, a potent DYRK2 inhibitor 43 (IC50 = 0.6 nM) was acquired through virtual screening and structural optimization, which displayed high selectivity among 205 kinases; meanwhile, detailed interactions of 43 with DYRK2 were illustrated by the cocrystal. Furthermore, 43 possessed great water solubility (29.5 mg/mL), favorable safety properties (LD50 > 10,000 mg/kg), and potent anti-PCa activities, which could be used as a potential candidate in further preclinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Hongtao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Mingming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Qiannan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Weijiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minghui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Huanaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xujie Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Zeyu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Wenjian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Yibei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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Tandon V, Moreno R, Allmeroth K, Quinn J, Wiley S, Nicely L, Denzel M, Edwards J, de la Vega L, Banerjee S. Dual inhibition of HSF1 and DYRK2 impedes cancer progression. Biosci Rep 2023; 43:BSR20222102. [PMID: 36622366 PMCID: PMC9894012 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20222102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Preserving proteostasis is a major survival mechanism for cancer. Dual specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) is a key oncogenic kinase that directly activates the transcription factor heat-shock factor 1 (HSF1) and the 26S proteasome. Targeting DYRK2 has proven to be a tractable strategy to target cancers sensitive to proteotoxic stress; however, the development of HSF1 inhibitors remains in its infancy. Importantly, multiple other kinases have been shown to redundantly activate HSF1 that promoted ideas to directly target HSF1. The eventual development of direct HSF1 inhibitor KRIBB11 suggests that the transcription factor is indeed a druggable target. The current study establishes that concurrent targeting of HSF1 and DYRK2 can indeed impede cancer by inducing apoptosis faster than individual targetting. Furthermore, targeting the DYRK2-HSF1 axis induces death in proteasome inhibitor-resistant cells and reduces triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) burden in ectopic and orthotopic xenograft models. Together the data indicate that cotargeting of kinase DYRK2 and its substrate HSF1 could prove to be a beneficial strategy in perturbing neoplastic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Tandon
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K
| | - Rita Moreno
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K
| | - Kira Allmeroth
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jean Quinn
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Sandra E. Wiley
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Lynden G. Nicely
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K
| | - Martin S. Denzel
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 9b, D-50931, Cologne, Germany
- Altos Labs, Cambridge Institute of Science, Granta Park, Great Abington, Cambridge CB21 6GP, U.K
| | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K
| | - Sourav Banerjee
- Division of Cellular and Systems Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K
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Allemailem KS, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Alkhaleefah FK, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Current updates of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and targeting within tumor cells: an innovative strategy of cancer management. CANCER COMMUNICATIONS (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2022; 42:1257-1287. [PMID: 36209487 PMCID: PMC9759771 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated protein (CRISPR/Cas9), an adaptive microbial immune system, has been exploited as a robust, accurate, efficient and programmable method for genome targeting and editing. This innovative and revolutionary technique can play a significant role in animal modeling, in vivo genome therapy, engineered cell therapy, cancer diagnosis and treatment. The CRISPR/Cas9 endonuclease system targets a specific genomic locus by single guide RNA (sgRNA), forming a heteroduplex with target DNA. The Streptococcus pyogenes Cas9/sgRNA:DNA complex reveals a bilobed architecture with target recognition and nuclease lobes. CRISPR/Cas9 assembly can be hijacked, and its nanoformulation can be engineered as a delivery system for different clinical utilizations. However, the efficient and safe delivery of the CRISPR/Cas9 system to target tissues and cancer cells is very challenging, limiting its clinical utilization. Viral delivery strategies of this system may have many advantages, but disadvantages such as immune system stimulation, tumor promotion risk and small insertion size outweigh these advantages. Thus, there is a desperate need to develop an efficient non-viral physical delivery system based on simple nanoformulations. The delivery strategies of CRISPR/Cas9 by a nanoparticle-based system have shown tremendous potential, such as easy and large-scale production, combination therapy, large insertion size and efficient in vivo applications. This review aims to provide in-depth updates on Streptococcus pyogenic CRISPR/Cas9 structure and its mechanistic understanding. In addition, the advances in its nanoformulation-based delivery systems, including lipid-based, polymeric structures and rigid NPs coupled to special ligands such as aptamers, TAT peptides and cell-penetrating peptides, are discussed. Furthermore, the clinical applications in different cancers, clinical trials and future prospects of CRISPR/Cas9 delivery and genome targeting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S. Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Alsahli
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health SciencesCollege of Applied Medical SciencesQassim UniversityBuraydahSaudi Arabia
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20
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Perturbation of biological processes with small molecule kinase inhibitors. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2022; 70:102185. [PMID: 35853282 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2022.102185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The reversible phosphorylation of substrates mediated by kinases and phosphatases affects their subcellular localization, catalytic activity, and/or interaction with other molecules. It is essential for signal transduction and the regulation of nearly all cellular processes, such as proliferation, apoptosis, metabolism, motility, and differentiation. Small molecule kinase inhibitors (SMKIs) have served as critical chemical probes to reveal the biological functions and mechanisms of kinases and their potential as therapeutic targets. In this review, we focused on a few novel SMKIs and their recent application in biological and preclinical studies to showcase how highly selective and potent SMKIs can be developed and utilized to propel the investigations on kinases and the biology behind.
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21
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26S proteasomes become stably activated upon heat shock when ubiquitination and protein degradation increase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2122482119. [PMID: 35704754 PMCID: PMC9231471 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2122482119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock (HS) promotes protein unfolding, and cells respond by stimulating HS gene expression, ubiquitination of cell proteins, and proteolysis by the proteasome. Exposing HeLa and other cells to 43 °C for 2 h caused a twofold increase in the 26S proteasomes' peptidase activity assayed at 37 °C. This increase in activity occurred without any change in proteasome amount and did not require new protein synthesis. After affinity-purification from HS cells, 26S proteasomes still hydrolyzed peptides, adenosine 5'-triphosphate, and ubiquitinated substrates more rapidly without any evident change in subunit composition, postsynthetic modification, or association with reported proteasome-activating proteins. After returning HS cells to 37 °C, ubiquitin conjugates and proteolysis fell rapidly, but proteasome activity remained high for at least 16 h. Exposure to arsenite, which also causes proteotoxic stress in the cytosol, but not tunicamycin, which causes endoplasmic reticulum stress, also increased ubiquitin conjugate levels and 26S proteasome activity. Although the molecular basis for the enhanced proteasomal activity remains elusive, we studied possible signaling mechanisms. Proteasome activation upon proteotoxic stress required the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins since blocking ubiquitination by E1 inhibition during HS or arsenite exposure prevented the stimulation of 26S activity. Furthermore, increasing cellular content of ubiquitin conjugates at 37 °C by inhibiting deubiquitinating enzymes with RA190 or b-AP15 also caused proteasome activation. Thus, cells respond to proteotoxic stresses, apparently in response to the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, by activating 26S proteasomes, which should help promote the clearance of damaged cell proteins.
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22
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Yuan K, Li Z, Kuang W, Wang X, Ji M, Chen W, Ding J, Li J, Min W, Sun C, Ye X, Lu M, Wang L, Ge H, Jiang Y, Hao H, Xiao Y, Yang P. Targeting dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 with a highly selective inhibitor for the treatment of prostate cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2903. [PMID: 35614066 PMCID: PMC9133015 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30581-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent cancers in men worldwide, and hormonal therapy plays a key role in the treatment of PCa. However, the drug resistance of hormonal therapy makes it urgent and necessary to identify novel targets for PCa treatment. Herein, dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) is found and confirmed to be highly expressed in the PCa tissues and cells, and knock-down of DYRK2 remarkably reduces PCa burden in vitro and in vivo. On the base of DYRK2 acting as a promising target, we further discover a highly selective DYRK2 inhibitor YK-2-69, which specifically interacts with Lys-231 and Lys-234 in the co-crystal structure. Especially, YK-2-69 exhibits more potent anti-PCa efficacy than the first-line drug enzalutamide in vivo. Meanwhile, YK-2-69 displays favorable safety properties with a maximal tolerable dose of more than 10,000 mg/kg and pharmacokinetic profiles with 56% bioavailability. In summary, we identify DYRK2 as a potential drug target and verify its critical roles in PCa. Meanwhile, we discover a highly selective DYRK2 inhibitor with favorable druggability for the treatment of PCa. The kinase DYRK2 is a known oncogene but its role in prostate cancer is unexplored. Here, the authors identify DYRK2 as a target for prostate cancer with a role in invasion and they discover a specific DYRK2 inhibitor that has good pharmacokinetics and efficacy in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaoxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenbin Kuang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Minghui Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Weijiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiayu Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenjian Min
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengliang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuquan Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,School of Life Science and Technology, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Liping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China
| | - Haixia Ge
- School of Life Sciences, Huzhou University, 313000, Huzhou, China
| | - Yuzhang Jiang
- Department of Laboratory, Huai'an First People's Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 223300, Huai'an, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Haiping Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yibei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China.
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, 210009, Nanjing, China. .,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, 211198, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Santos M, Fidalgo A, Varanda AS, Soares AR, Almeida GM, Martins D, Mendes N, Oliveira C, Santos MAS. Upregulation of tRNA-Ser-AGA-2-1 Promotes Malignant Behavior in Normal Bronchial Cells. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:809985. [PMID: 35586191 PMCID: PMC9108184 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.809985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Serine tRNAs (tRNASer) are frequently overexpressed in tumors and associated with poor prognosis and increased risk of recurrence in breast cancer. Impairment of tRNA biogenesis and abundance also impacts proteome homeostasis, and activates protein quality control systems. Herein, we aimed at testing whether increasing tRNASer abundance could foster tumor establishment through activation of the UPR. In order to do so, firstly we confirmed that the expression of tRNA-Ser-AGA-2-1 [hereafter tRNASer(AGA)] was upregulated by 1.79-fold in Stage I NSCLC tumors when compared to normal adjacent tissue. To study the impact of tRNASer(AGA) in early stage tumorigenesis, we induced its upregulation in a non-tumoral bronchial cell line, BEAS-2B. Upregulation of this tRNA increased cellular proliferation and protein synthesis rate, driven by eIF2α dephosphorylation and ATF4 activation downstream of PERK signaling. Futhermore, tRNASer(AGA) enhanced transformation potential in vitro, and promoted the establishment of slow growing tumors with aggressive features in nude mice. Our work highlights the importance of studying tRNA deregulation on early stage tumorigenesis, as they may be potential malignancy and aggressiveness biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mafalda Santos
- Expression Regulation in Cancer, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Fidalgo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Varanda
- Expression Regulation in Cancer, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Raquel Soares
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Gabriela M. Almeida
- Expression Regulation in Cancer, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department Pathology, Medical Faculty of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Martins
- Expression Regulation in Cancer, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mendes
- Expression Regulation in Cancer, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- Expression Regulation in Cancer, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
- Department Pathology, Medical Faculty of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Carla Oliveira, ; Manuel A. S. Santos,
| | - Manuel A. S. Santos
- Department of Medical Sciences, Institute of Biomedicine – iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
- *Correspondence: Carla Oliveira, ; Manuel A. S. Santos,
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24
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Wei T, Wang J, Liang R, Chen W, Chen Y, Ma M, He A, Du Y, Zhou W, Zhang Z, Zeng X, Wang C, Lu J, Guo X, Chen XW, Wang Y, Tian R, Xiao J, Lei X. Selective inhibition reveals the regulatory function of DYRK2 in protein synthesis and calcium entry. eLife 2022; 11:e77696. [PMID: 35439114 PMCID: PMC9113749 DOI: 10.7554/elife.77696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase DYRK2 has emerged as a critical regulator of cellular processes. We took a chemical biology approach to gain further insights into its function. We developed C17, a potent small-molecule DYRK2 inhibitor, through multiple rounds of structure-based optimization guided by several co-crystallized structures. C17 displayed an effect on DYRK2 at a single-digit nanomolar IC50 and showed outstanding selectivity for the human kinome containing 467 other human kinases. Using C17 as a chemical probe, we further performed quantitative phosphoproteomic assays and identified several novel DYRK2 targets, including eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1). DYRK2 phosphorylated 4E-BP1 at multiple sites, and the combined treatment of C17 with AKT and MEK inhibitors showed synergistic 4E-BP1 phosphorylation suppression. The phosphorylation of STIM1 by DYRK2 substantially increased the interaction of STIM1 with the ORAI1 channel, and C17 impeded the store-operated calcium entry process. These studies collectively further expand our understanding of DYRK2 and provide a valuable tool to pinpoint its biological function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Wei
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jue Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ruqi Liang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wendong Chen
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Yilan Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Mingzhe Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - An He
- Department of Chemistry, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
| | - Yifei Du
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Wenjing Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Zhiying Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xin Zeng
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Chu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Jin Lu
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, People’s HospitalBeijingChina
- Collaborative Innovation Center of HematologySuzhouChina
| | - Xing Guo
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang UniversityHangzhouChina
| | - Xiao-Wei Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Youjun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Ruijun Tian
- SUSTech Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhenChina
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Gene Resource and Molecular Development, Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Junyu Xiao
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Peking UniversityBeijingChina
| | - Xiaoguang Lei
- The State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking UniversityBeijingChina
- Institute for Cancer Research, Shenzhen Bay LaboratoryShenzhenChina
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25
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A Bioinformatics Evaluation of the Role of Dual-Specificity Tyrosine-Regulated Kinases in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14082034. [PMID: 35454940 PMCID: PMC9025863 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14082034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase (DYRK) family has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. However, its role in colorectal cancer has not been elucidated. In this research, we used publicly available web-based tools to investigate DYRKs status in colorectal cancer. Our results showed that among DYRKs, only DYRK1A was upregulated significantly in late tumor stages, and it is associated with poor prognosis for colorectal cancer patients. These finding comprehensively characterized DYRK1A as a potential new therapeutic approach in CRC, especially in late tumor stages. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer worldwide and has an increasing incidence in younger populations. The dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase (DYRK) family has been implicated in various diseases, including cancer. However, the role and contribution of the distinct family members in regulating CRC tumorigenesis has not been addressed yet. Herein, we used publicly available CRC patient datasets (TCGA RNA sequence) and several bioinformatics webtools to perform in silico analysis (GTEx, GENT2, GEPIA2, cBioPortal, GSCALite, TIMER2, and UALCAN). We aimed to investigate the DYRK family member expression pattern, prognostic value, and oncological roles in CRC. This study shed light on the role of distinct DYRK family members in CRC and their potential outcome predictive value. Based on mRNA level, DYRK1A is upregulated in late tumor stages, with lymph node and distant metastasis. All DYRKs were found to be implicated in cancer-associated pathways, indicating their key role in CRC pathogenesis. No significant DYRK mutations were identified, suggesting that DYRK expression variation in normal vs. tumor samples is likely linked to epigenetic regulation. The expression of DYRK1A and DYRK3 expression correlated with immune-infiltrating cells in the tumor microenvironment and was upregulated in MSI subtypes, pointing to their potential role as biomarkers for immunotherapy. This comprehensive bioinformatics analysis will set directions for future biological studies to further exploit the molecular basis of these findings and explore the potential of DYRK1A modulation as a novel targeted therapy for CRC.
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Glycosylation-Related Genes Predict the Prognosis and Immune Fraction of Ovarian Cancer Patients Based on Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA) and Machine Learning. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3665617. [PMID: 35281472 PMCID: PMC8916863 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3665617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer (OC) is a malignancy exhibiting high mortality in female tumors. Glycosylation is a posttranslational modification of proteins but research has failed to demonstrate a systematic link between glycosylation-related signatures and tumor environment of OC. Purpose This study is aimed at developing a novel model with glycosylation-related messenger RNAs (GRmRNAs) to predict the prognosis and immune function in OC patients. Methods The transcriptional profiles and clinical phenotypes of OC patients were collected from the Gene Expression Omnibus and The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. A weighted gene coexpression network analysis and machine learning were performed to find the optimal survival-related GRmRNAs. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression (LASSO) and Cox regression were carried out to calculate the coefficients of each GRmRNA and compute the risk score of each patient as well as develop a prognostic model. A nomogram model was constructed, and several algorithms were used to investigate the relationship between risk subtypes and immune-infiltrating levels. Results A total of four signatures (ALG8, DCTN4, DCTN6, and UBB) were determined to calculate the risk scores, classifying patients into the high-and low-risk groups. High-risk patients exhibited significantly poorer survival outcomes, and the established nomogram model had a promising prediction for OC patients' prognosis. Tumor purity and tumor mutation burden were negatively correlated with risk scores. In addition, risk scores held statistical associations with pathway signatures such as Wnt, Hippo, and reactive oxygen species, and nonsynonymous mutation counts. Conclusion The currently established risk scores based on GRmRNAs can accurately predict the prognosis, the immune microenvironment, and the immunotherapeutic efficacy of OC patients.
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27
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Tandon V, Vala R, Chen A, Sah R, Patel H, Pirrung M, Banerjee S. Syrbactin-class dual constitutive- and immuno-proteasome inhibitor TIR-199 impedes myeloma-mediated bone degeneration in vivo. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:BSR20212721. [PMID: 35088066 PMCID: PMC8837819 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteasome-addicted neoplastic malignancies present a considerable refractory and relapsed phenotype with patients exhibiting drug resistance and high mortality rates. To counter this global problem, novel proteasome-based therapies are being developed. In the current study, we extensively characterize TIR-199, a syrbactin-class proteasome inhibitor derived from a plant virulence factor of bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv syringae. We report that TIR-199 is a potent constitutive and immunoproteasome inhibitor, capable of inducing cell death in multiple myeloma, triple-negative breast cancer, (TNBC) and non-small cell lung cancer lines. TIR-199 also effectively inhibits the proteasome in primary myeloma cells of patients, and bypasses the PSMB5 A49T+A50V bortezomib-resistant mutant. TIR-199 treatment leads to accumulation of canonical proteasome substrates in cells, it is specific, and does not inhibit 50 other enzymes tested in vitro. The drug exhibits synergistic cytotoxicity in combination with proteasome-activating kinase DYRK2 inhibitor LDN192960. Furthermore, low-doses of TIR-199 exhibits in vivo activity by delaying myeloma-mediated bone degeneration in a mouse xenograft model. Together, our data indicates that proteasome inhibitor TIR-199 could indeed be a promising next-generation drug within the repertoire of proteasome-based therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasudha Tandon
- Department of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K
| | - Ruturajsinh M. Vala
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - Albert Chen
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Robert L. Sah
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, U.S.A
| | - Hitendra M. Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar 388120, Gujarat, India
| | - Michael C. Pirrung
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, U.S.A
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, U.S.A
| | - Sourav Banerjee
- Department of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, U.K
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Beamish SB, Frick KM. A Putative Role for Ubiquitin-Proteasome Signaling in Estrogenic Memory Regulation. Front Behav Neurosci 2022; 15:807215. [PMID: 35145382 PMCID: PMC8821141 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2021.807215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex steroid hormones such as 17β-estradiol (E2) are critical neuromodulators of hippocampal synaptic plasticity and hippocampus-dependent memory in both males and females. However, the mechanisms through which E2 regulates memory formation in both sexes remain unclear. Research to date suggests that E2 regulates hippocampus-dependent memory by activating numerous cell-signaling cascades to promote the synthesis of proteins that support structural changes at hippocampal synapses. However, this work has largely overlooked the equally important contributions of protein degradation mediated by the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) in remodeling the synapse. Despite being critically implicated in synaptic plasticity and successful formation of long-term memories, it remains unclear whether protein degradation mediated by the UPS is necessary for E2 to exert its beneficial effects on hippocampal plasticity and memory formation. The present article provides an overview of the receptor and signaling mechanisms so far identified as critical for regulating hippocampal E2 and UPS function in males and females, with a particular emphasis on the ways in which these mechanisms overlap to support structural integrity and protein composition of hippocampal synapses. We argue that the high degree of correspondence between E2 and UPS activity warrants additional study to examine the contributions of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation in regulating the effects of sex steroid hormones on cognition.
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29
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Ishrat I, Cheng A, Yu F, Guo J, Zhang P, Zhang K, Yang Z. Development of a one-plasmid system to replace the endogenous protein with point mutation for post-translational modification studies. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:1-7. [PMID: 34762224 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06693-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-translational modification (PTM) is one of the major regulatory mechanism for protein activities. To understand the function of PTMs, mutants that prevent or mimic the modification are frequently utilized. The endogenous proteins are usually depleted while the point mutations are expressed. A common strategy to accomplish these tasks includes two-steps: First, a cell line stably expressing shRNA for protein depletion is generated, then an RNAi-resistance construct is introduced to express mutant. However, these steps are time- and labor-consuming. More importantly, shRNA and mutant protein are frequently expressed in different cells at different time, which significantly disturbs the conclusions. METHODS To overcome these technical problems, we developed a lentiviral based one-plasmid system that allowed concurrent expression of shRNA and mutant protein. The puromycin-resistant gene was inserted for the selection of stable-expression cells. RESULTS Using this plasmid, we efficiently replaced the endogenous proteins with comparable levels of exogenous proteins for LDHB and PKM2, two glycolytic enzymes regulated by PTM in cancer cells. The system was also successfully exploited in evaluating the role of phosphorylation of LDHB serine 162 in multiple in vitro and in vivo assays. CONCLUSION Thus, we have developed an efficient one-plasmid system to replace endogenous protein with point mutations for the functional study of PTM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Ishrat
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Aoxing Cheng
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Fazhi Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Guo
- Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Kaiguang Zhang
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
| | - Zhenye Yang
- Department of Digestive Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Anhui Provincial Hospital, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China.
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30
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Lara-Chica M, Correa-Sáez A, Jiménez-Izquierdo R, Garrido-Rodríguez M, Ponce FJ, Moreno R, Morrison K, Di Vona C, Arató K, Jiménez-Jiménez C, Morrugares R, Schmitz ML, de la Luna S, de la Vega L, Calzado MA. A novel CDC25A/DYRK2 regulatory switch modulates cell cycle and survival. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:105-117. [PMID: 34363019 PMCID: PMC8738746 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00845-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cell division cycle 25A (CDC25A) phosphatase is a key regulator of cell cycle progression that acts on the phosphorylation status of Cyclin-Cyclin-dependent kinase complexes, with an emergent role in the DNA damage response and cell survival control. The regulation of CDC25A activity and its protein level is essential to control the cell cycle and maintain genomic integrity. Here we describe a novel ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated pathway negatively regulating CDC25A stability, dependent on its phosphorylation by the serine/threonine kinase DYRK2. DYRK2 phosphorylates CDC25A on at least 7 residues, resulting in its degradation independent of the known CDC25A E3 ubiquitin ligases. CDC25A in turn is able to control the phosphorylation of DYRK2 at several residues outside from its activation loop, thus affecting DYRK2 localization and activity. An inverse correlation between DYRK2 and CDC25A protein amounts was observed during cell cycle progression and in response to DNA damage, with CDC25A accumulation responding to the manipulation of DYRK2 levels or activity in either physiological scenario. Functional data show that the pro-survival activity of CDC25A and the pro-apoptotic activity of DYRK2 could be partly explained by the mutual regulation between both proteins. Moreover, DYRK2 modulation of CDC25A expression and/or activity contributes to the DYRK2 role in cell cycle regulation. Altogether, we provide evidence suggesting that DYRK2 and CDC25A mutually control their activity and stability by a feedback regulatory loop, with a relevant effect on the genotoxic stress pathway, apoptosis, and cell cycle regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maribel Lara-Chica
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Alejandro Correa-Sáez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rafael Jiménez-Izquierdo
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Martín Garrido-Rodríguez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Francisco J Ponce
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rita Moreno
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Kimberley Morrison
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Chiara Di Vona
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Krisztina Arató
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carla Jiménez-Jiménez
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Rosario Morrugares
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - M Lienhard Schmitz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Justus-Liebig-University, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, Giessen, Germany
| | - Susana de la Luna
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Marco A Calzado
- Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Córdoba, Spain.
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Fisiología e Inmunología, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain.
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain.
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New insights into the roles for DYRK family in mammalian development and congenital diseases. Genes Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2021.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
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32
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Fox E, Jones R, Samanta R, Summers C. Characterising the transcriptome of hypersegmented human neutrophils. Wellcome Open Res 2021. [DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.17440.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mature human neutrophils are characterised by their multilobed nuclear morphology. Neutrophil hypersegmentation, a pathologic nuclear phenotype, has been described in the alveolar compartment of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome and in several other contexts. This study aimed to characterise the transcriptional changes associated with neutrophil hypersegmentation. Methods: A model of hypersegmentation was established by exposing healthy peripheral blood neutrophils to the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEi) captopril. Laser capture microdissection (LCM) was then adapted to isolate a population of hypersegmented neutrophils. Transcriptomic analysis of microdissected hypersegmented neutrophils was undertaken using ribonucleic acid (RNA) sequencing. Differential gene expression (DEG) and enrichment pathway analysis were conducted to investigate the mechanisms underlying hypersegmentation. Results: RNA-Seq analysis revealed the transcriptomic signature of hypersegmented neutrophils, with five genes differentially expressed. VCAN, PADI4 and DUSP4 were downregulated, while LTF and PSMC4 were upregulated. Modulated pathways included histone modification, protein-DNA complex assembly and antimicrobial humoral response. The role of PADI4 was further validated using the small molecule inhibitor, Cl-amidine. Conclusions: Hypersegmented neutrophils display a marked transcriptomic signature, characterised by the differential expression of five genes. This study provides insights into the mechanisms underlying neutrophil hypersegmentation and describes a novel method to isolate and sequence neutrophils based on their morphologic subtype.
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George DE, Tepe JJ. Advances in Proteasome Enhancement by Small Molecules. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1789. [PMID: 34944433 PMCID: PMC8699248 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The proteasome system is a large and complex molecular machinery responsible for the degradation of misfolded, damaged, and redundant cellular proteins. When proteasome function is impaired, unwanted proteins accumulate, which can lead to several diseases including age-related and neurodegenerative diseases. Enhancing proteasome-mediated substrate degradation with small molecules may therefore be a valuable strategy for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and Huntington's diseases. In this review, we discuss the structure of proteasome and how proteasome's proteolytic activity is associated with aging and various neurodegenerative diseases. We also summarize various classes of compounds that are capable of enhancing, directly or indirectly, proteasome-mediated protein degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jetze J. Tepe
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA;
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34
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Duan J, Li W, Shu X, Yang B, He X, Guo X. Conserved Mitotic Phosphorylation of a Proteasome Subunit Regulates Cell Proliferation. Cells 2021; 10:3075. [PMID: 34831298 PMCID: PMC8620773 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation has emerged as an important mechanism for regulating proteasome function in various physiological processes. Essentially all proteasome phosphorylations characterized thus far occur on proteasome holoenzyme or subcomplexes to regulate substrate degradation. Here, we report a highly conserved phosphorylation that only exists on the unassembled α5 subunit of the proteasome. The modified residue, α5-Ser16, is within a SP motif typically recognized by cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs). Using a phospho-specific antibody generated against this site, we found that α5-S16 phosphorylation is mitosis-specific in both yeast and mammalian cells. Blocking this site with a S16A mutation caused growth defect and G2/M arrest of the cell cycle. α5-S16 phosphorylation depends on CDK1 activity and is highly abundant in some but not all mitotic cells. Immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry (IP-MS) studies identified numerous proteins that could interact with phosphorylated α5, including PLK1, a key regulator of mitosis. α5-PLK1 interaction increased upon mitosis and could be facilitated by S16 phosphorylation. CDK1 activation downstream of PLK1 activity was delayed in S16A mutant cells, suggesting an important role of α5-S16 phosphorylation in regulating PLK1 and mitosis. These data have revealed an unappreciated function of "exo-proteasome" phosphorylation of a proteasome subunit and may bring new insights to our understanding of cell cycle control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Duan
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (W.L.); (X.S.); (B.Y.); (X.H.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Wenzhu Li
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (W.L.); (X.S.); (B.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Xin Shu
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (W.L.); (X.S.); (B.Y.); (X.H.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (W.L.); (X.S.); (B.Y.); (X.H.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiangwei He
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (W.L.); (X.S.); (B.Y.); (X.H.)
| | - Xing Guo
- Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (J.D.); (W.L.); (X.S.); (B.Y.); (X.H.)
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Hangzhou 310058, China
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35
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Regulation of p27 and Cdk2 Expression in Different Adipose Tissue Depots in Aging and Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111745. [PMID: 34769201 PMCID: PMC8584112 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging usually comes associated with increased visceral fat accumulation, reaching even an obesity state, and favoring its associated comorbidities. One of the processes involved in aging is cellular senescence, which is highly dependent on the activity of the regulators of the cell cycle. The aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the expression of p27 and cdk2 in different adipose tissue depots during aging, as well as their regulation by obesity in mice. Changes in the expression of p27 and CDK2 in visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue (WAT) biopsies were also analyzed in a human cohort of obesity and type 2 diabetes. p27, but not cdk2, exhibits a lower expression in subcutaneous than in visceral WAT in mice and humans. p27 is drastically downregulated by aging in subcutaneous WAT (scWAT), but not in gonadal WAT, of female mice. Obesity upregulates p27 and cdk2 expression in scWAT, but not in other fat depots of aged mice. In humans, a significant upregulation of p27 was observed in visceral WAT of subjects with obesity. Taken together, these results show a differential adipose depot-dependent regulation of p27 and cdk2 in aging and obesity, suggesting that p27 and cdk2 could contribute to the adipose-tissue depot’s metabolic differences. Further studies are necessary to fully corroborate this hypothesis.
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36
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Reboud-Ravaux M. [The proteasome - structural aspects and inhibitors: a second life for a validated drug target]. Biol Aujourdhui 2021; 215:1-23. [PMID: 34397372 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2021005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The proteasome is the central component of the adaptable ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) discovered in the 1980's. It sustains protein homeostasis (proteostasis) under a large variety of physiological and pathological conditions. Its dysregulation has been often associated to various human diseases. Its potential regulation by modulators has emerged as promising avenue to develop treatments of various pathologies. The FDA approval in 2003 of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib to treat multiple myeloma, then mantle lymphoma in 2006, has considerably increased the clinical interest of proteasome inhibition. Second-generation proteasome inhibitors (carfilzomib and ixazomib) have been approved to overcome bortezomib resistance and improved toxicity profile and route of administration. Selective inhibition of immunoproteasome is a promising approach towards the development of immunomodulatory drugs. The design of these drugs relies greatly on the elucidation of high-resolution structures of the targeted proteasomes. The ATPase-dependent 26S proteasome (2.4 MDa) consists of a 20S proteolytic core and one or two 19S regulatory particles. The 20S core contains three types of catalytic sites. In recent years, due to technical advances especially in atomic cryo-electron microscopy, significant progress has been made in the understanding of 26S proteasome structure and its dynamics. Stepwise conformational changes of the 19S particle induced by ATP hydrolysis lead to substrate translocation, 20S pore opening and processive protein degradation by the 20S proteolytic subunits (2β1, 2β2 and 2β5). A large variety of structurally different inhibitors, both natural products or synthetic compounds targeting immuno- and constitutive proteasomes, has been discovered. The latest advances in this drug discovery are presented. Knowledge about structures, inhibition mechanism and detailed biological regulations of proteasomes can guide strategies for the development of next-generation inhibitors to treat human diseases, especially cancers, immune disorders and pathogen infections. Proteasome activators are also potentially applicable to the reduction of proteotoxic stresses in neurodegeneration and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Reboud-Ravaux
- Sorbonne Université, Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), CNRS UMR 8256, Inserm ERL U1164, 7 quai Saint Bernard, 75252 Paris Cedex 05, France
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37
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VerPlank JJS, Gawron J, Silvestri NJ, Feltri ML, Wrabetz L, Goldberg AL. Raising cGMP restores proteasome function and myelination in mice with a proteotoxic neuropathy. Brain 2021; 145:168-178. [PMID: 34382059 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awab249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Agents that raise cGMP by activating Protein Kinase G increase 26S proteasome activities, protein ubiquitination, and degradation of misfolded proteins. Therefore, they may be useful in treating neurodegenerative and other diseases caused by an accumulation of misfolded proteins. Mutations in myelin protein zero (MPZ) cause the peripheral neuropathy Charcot Marie Tooth 1B (CMT1B). In peripheral nerves of a mouse model of CMT1B, where the mutant MPZS63del is expressed, proteasome activities are reduced, mutant MPZS63del and polyubiquitinated proteins accumulate, and the Unfolded Protein Response (p-eif2 α) is induced. In HEK293 cells, raising cGMP stimulated ubiquitination and degradation of MPZS63del, but not of MPZWT. Treating S63del mice with the phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor, sildenafil, to raise cGMP increased proteasome activity in sciatic nerves and reduced the levels of polyubiquitinated proteins, the proteasome reporter ubG76V-GFP, and p-elF2α. Furthermore, sildenafil treatment reduced the number of amyelinated axons, and increased myelin thickness and nerve conduction velocity in sciatic nerves. Thus, agents that raise cGMP, including ones widely used in medicine, may be useful therapies for CMT1B and other proteotoxic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan J S VerPlank
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.,Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - Joseph Gawron
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - Nicholas J Silvestri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - M Laura Feltri
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - Lawrence Wrabetz
- Hunter James Kelly Research Institute, Departments of Biochemistry and Neurology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14203, USA
| | - Alfred L Goldberg
- Harvard Medical School, Blavatnik Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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38
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Schaler AW, Runyan AM, Clelland CL, Sydney EJ, Fowler SL, Figueroa HY, Shioda S, Santa-Maria I, Duff KE, Myeku N. PAC1 receptor-mediated clearance of tau in postsynaptic compartments attenuates tau pathology in mouse brain. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/595/eaba7394. [PMID: 34039738 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba7394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Accumulation of pathological tau in synapses has been identified as an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and correlates with cognitive decline in patients with AD. Tau is a cytosolic axonal protein, but under disease conditions, tau accumulates in postsynaptic compartments and presynaptic terminals, due to missorting within neurons, transsynaptic transfer between neurons, or a failure of clearance pathways. Using subcellular fractionation of brain tissue from rTg4510 tau transgenic mice with tauopathy and human postmortem brain tissue from patients with AD, we found accumulation of seed-competent tau predominantly in postsynaptic compartments. Tau-mediated toxicity in postsynaptic compartments was exacerbated by impaired proteasome activity detected by measuring lysine-48 polyubiquitination of proteins targeted for proteasomal degradation. To combat the accumulation of tau and proteasome impairment in the postsynaptic compartments of rTg4510 mouse brain, we stimulated the pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) type 1 receptor (PAC1R) with its ligand PACAP administered intracerebroventricularly to rTg4510 mice. We observed enhanced synaptic proteasome activity and reduced total tau in postsynaptic compartments in mouse brain after PACAP treatment. The clearance of tau from postsynaptic compartments correlated with attenuated tauopathy and improved cognitive performance of rTg4510 transgenic mice on two behavioral tests. These results suggest that activating PAC1R could prevent accumulation of aggregate-prone tau and indicate a potential therapeutic approach for AD and other tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ari W Schaler
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Avery M Runyan
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Catherine L Clelland
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric J Sydney
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephanie L Fowler
- U.K. Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Helen Y Figueroa
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Innovative Drug Discovery, Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science, Hoshi University, Tokyo 142-8501, Japan
| | - Ismael Santa-Maria
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Karen E Duff
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.,U.K. Dementia Research Institute, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Natura Myeku
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Mitochondrial Regulation of the 26S Proteasome. Cell Rep 2021; 32:108059. [PMID: 32846138 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The proteasome is the main proteolytic system for targeted protein degradation in the cell and is fine-tuned according to cellular needs. Here, we demonstrate that mitochondrial dysfunction and concomitant metabolic reprogramming of the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle reduce the assembly and activity of the 26S proteasome. Both mitochondrial mutations in respiratory complex I and treatment with the anti-diabetic drug metformin impair 26S proteasome activity. Defective 26S assembly is reversible and can be overcome by supplementation of aspartate or pyruvate. This metabolic regulation of 26S activity involves specific regulation of proteasome assembly factors via the mTORC1 pathway. Of note, reducing 26S activity by metformin confers increased resistance toward the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, which is reversible upon pyruvate supplementation. Our study uncovers unexpected consequences of defective mitochondrial metabolism for proteasomal protein degradation in the cell, which has important pathophysiological and therapeutic implications.
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Mechanisms That Activate 26S Proteasomes and Enhance Protein Degradation. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11060779. [PMID: 34067263 PMCID: PMC8224753 DOI: 10.3390/biom11060779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although ubiquitination is widely assumed to be the only regulated step in the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway, recent studies have demonstrated several important mechanisms that regulate the activities of the 26S proteasome. Most proteasomes in cells are inactive but, upon binding a ubiquitinated substrate, become activated by a two-step mechanism requiring an association of the ubiquitin chain with Usp14 and then a loosely folded protein domain with the ATPases. The initial activation step is signaled by Usp14’s UBL domain, and many UBL-domain-containing proteins (e.g., Rad23, Parkin) also activate the proteasome. ZFAND5 is a distinct type of activator that binds ubiquitin conjugates and the proteasome and stimulates proteolysis during muscle atrophy. The proteasome’s activities are also regulated through subunit phosphorylation. Agents that raise cAMP and activate PKA stimulate within minutes Rpn6 phosphorylation and enhance the selective degradation of short-lived proteins. Likewise, hormones, fasting, and exercise, which raise cAMP, activate proteasomes and proteolysis in target tissues. Agents that raise cGMP and activate PKG also stimulate 26S activities but modify different subunit(s) and stimulate also the degradation of long-lived cell proteins. Both kinases enhance the selective degradation of aggregation-prone proteins that cause neurodegenerative diseases. These new mechanisms regulating proteolysis thus have clear physiological importance and therapeutic potential.
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Abstract
Targeted protein degradation is a broad and expanding field aimed at the modulation of protein homeostasis. A focus of this field has been directed toward molecules that hijack the ubiquitin proteasome system with heterobifunctional ligands that recruit a target protein to an E3 ligase to facilitate polyubiquitination and subsequent degradation by the 26S proteasome. Despite the success of these chimeras toward a number of clinically relevant targets, the ultimate breadth and scope of this approach remains uncertain. Here we highlight recent advances in assays and tools available to evaluate targeted protein degradation, including and beyond the study of E3-targeted chimeric ligands. We note several challenges associated with degrader development and discuss various approaches to expanding the protein homeostasis toolbox.
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Tian G, Hu C, Yun Y, Yang W, Dubiel W, Cheng Y, Wolf DA. Dual roles of HSP70 chaperone HSPA1 in quality control of nascent and newly synthesized proteins. EMBO J 2021; 40:e106183. [PMID: 34010456 PMCID: PMC8246255 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020106183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to heat stress triggers a well‐defined acute response marked by HSF1‐dependent transcriptional upregulation of heat shock proteins. Cells allowed to recover acquire thermotolerance, but this adaptation is poorly understood. By quantitative proteomics, we discovered selective upregulation of HSP70‐family chaperone HSPA1 and its co‐factors, HSPH1 and DNAJB1, in MCF7 breast cancer cells acquiring thermotolerance. HSPA1 was found to have dual function during heat stress response: (i) During acute stress, it promotes the recruitment of the 26S proteasome to translating ribosomes, thus poising cells for rapid protein degradation and resumption of protein synthesis upon recovery; (ii) during thermotolerance, HSPA1 together with HSPH1 maintains ubiquitylated nascent/newly synthesized proteins in a soluble state required for their efficient proteasomal clearance. Consistently, deletion of HSPH1 impedes thermotolerance and esophageal tumor growth in mice, thus providing a potential explanation for the poor prognosis of digestive tract cancers with high HSPH1 and nominating HSPH1 as a cancer drug target. We propose dual roles of HSPA1 either alone or in complex with HSPH1 and DNAJB1 in promoting quality control of nascent/newly synthesized proteins and cellular thermotolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyou Tian
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Cheng Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yun Yun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wensheng Yang
- Department of Pathology, Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Wolfgang Dubiel
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Institute of Experimental Internal Medicine, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Yabin Cheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Dieter A Wolf
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Target Research, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Altered Phosphorylation of the Proteasome Subunit Rpt6 Has Minimal Impact on Synaptic Plasticity and Learning. eNeuro 2021; 8:ENEURO.0073-20.2021. [PMID: 33658307 PMCID: PMC8116113 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0073-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Dynamic control of protein degradation via the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is thought to play a crucial role in neuronal function and synaptic plasticity. The proteasome subunit Rpt6, an AAA ATPase subunit of the 19S regulatory particle (RP), has emerged as an important site for regulation of 26S proteasome function in neurons. Phosphorylation of Rpt6 on serine 120 (S120) can stimulate the catalytic rate of substrate degradation by the 26S proteasome and this site is targeted by the plasticity-related kinase Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), making it an attractive candidate for regulation of proteasome function in neurons. Several in vitro studies have shown that altered Rpt6 S120 phosphorylation can affect the structure and function of synapses. To evaluate the importance of Rpt6 S120 phosphorylation in vivo, we created two mouse models which feature mutations at S120 that block or mimic phosphorylation at this site. We find that peptidase and ATPase activities are upregulated in the phospho-mimetic mutant and downregulated in the phospho-dead mutant [S120 mutated to aspartic acid (S120D) or alanine (S120A), respectively]. Surprisingly, these mutations had no effect on basal synaptic transmission, long-term potentiation (LTP), and dendritic spine dynamics and density in the hippocampus. Furthermore, these mutants displayed no deficits in cued and contextual fear memory. Thus, in a mouse model that blocks or mimics phosphorylation at this site, either compensatory mechanisms negate these effects, or small variations in proteasome activity are not enough to induce significant changes in synaptic structure, plasticity, or behavior.
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Moreno R, Banerjee S, Jackson AW, Quinn J, Baillie G, Dixon JE, Dinkova-Kostova AT, Edwards J, de la Vega L. The stress-responsive kinase DYRK2 activates heat shock factor 1 promoting resistance to proteotoxic stress. Cell Death Differ 2021; 28:1563-1578. [PMID: 33268814 PMCID: PMC8166837 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-00686-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To survive proteotoxic stress, cancer cells activate the proteotoxic-stress response pathway, which is controlled by the transcription factor heat shock factor 1 (HSF1). This pathway supports cancer initiation, cancer progression and chemoresistance and thus is an attractive therapeutic target. As developing inhibitors against transcriptional regulators, such as HSF1 is challenging, the identification and targeting of upstream regulators of HSF1 present a tractable alternative strategy. Here we demonstrate that in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells, the dual specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 2 (DYRK2) phosphorylates HSF1, promoting its nuclear stability and transcriptional activity. DYRK2 depletion reduces HSF1 activity and sensitises TNBC cells to proteotoxic stress. Importantly, in tumours from TNBC patients, DYRK2 levels positively correlate with active HSF1 and associates with poor prognosis, suggesting that DYRK2 could be promoting TNBC. These findings identify DYRK2 as a key modulator of the HSF1 transcriptional programme and a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Moreno
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Sourav Banerjee
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0721, USA
| | - Angus W Jackson
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK
| | - Jean Quinn
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Gregg Baillie
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jack E Dixon
- Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093-0721, USA
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | | | - Joanne Edwards
- Unit of Gastrointestinal Oncology and Molecular Pathology, Institute of Cancer Sciences, College of Medical, Veterinary, and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Laureano de la Vega
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland, UK.
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45
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Sabit H, Abdel-Ghany S, Tombuloglu H, Cevik E, Alqosaibi A, Almulhim F, Al-Muhanaa A. New insights on CRISPR/Cas9-based therapy for breast Cancer. Genes Environ 2021; 43:15. [PMID: 33926574 PMCID: PMC8082964 DOI: 10.1186/s41021-021-00188-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized genome-editing techniques in various biological fields including human cancer research. Cancer is a multi-step process that encompasses the accumulation of mutations that result in the hallmark of the malignant state. The goal of cancer research is to identify these mutations and correlate them with the underlying tumorigenic process. Using CRISPR/Cas9 tool, specific mutations responsible for cancer initiation and/or progression could be corrected at least in animal models as a first step towards translational applications. In the present article, we review various novel strategies that employed CRISPR/Cas9 to treat breast cancer in both in vitro and in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hussein Sabit
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Medical Research and Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box: 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaimaa Abdel-Ghany
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, College of Biotechnology, Misr University for Science and Technology, P. O. Box 77, Giza, Egypt
| | - Huseyin Tombuloglu
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Medical Research and Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box: 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emre Cevik
- Department of Genetics, Institute for Medical Research and Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. Box: 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amany Alqosaibi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. 4 Box, Dammam, 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma Almulhim
- Breast Imaging Division, KFHU, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. 4 Box, Dammam, 1982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Al-Muhanaa
- Breast Imaging Division, KFHU, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P. O. 4 Box, Dammam, 1982, Saudi Arabia
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46
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Xu D, Li C. Regulation of the SIAH2-HIF-1 Axis by Protein Kinases and Its Implication in Cancer Therapy. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:646687. [PMID: 33842469 PMCID: PMC8027324 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.646687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to hypoxia is a key biological process that facilitates adaptation of cells to oxygen deprivation (hypoxia). This process is critical for cancer cells to adapt to the hypoxic tumor microenvironment resulting from rapid tumor growth. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor and a master regulator of the cellular response to hypoxia. The activity of HIF-1 is dictated primarily by its alpha subunit (HIF-1α), whose level and/or activity are largely regulated by an oxygen-dependent and ubiquitin/proteasome-mediated process. Prolyl hydroxylases (PHDs) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase Von Hippel-Lindau factor (VHL) catalyze hydroxylation and subsequent ubiquitin-dependent degradation of HIF-1α by the proteasome. Seven in Absentia Homolog 2 (SIAH2), a RING finger-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase, stabilizes HIF-1α by targeting PHDs for ubiquitin-mediated degradation by the proteasome. This SIAH2-HIF-1 signaling axis is important for maintaining the level of HIF-1α under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions. A number of protein kinases have been shown to phosphorylate SIAH2, thereby regulating its stability, activity, or substrate binding. In this review, we will discuss the regulation of the SIAH2-HIF-1 axis via phosphorylation of SIAH2 by these kinases and the potential implication of this regulation in cancer biology and cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhong Xu
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
| | - Cen Li
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States
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47
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Zagirova D, Autenried R, Nelson ME, Rezvani K. Proteasome Complexes and Their Heterogeneity in Colorectal, Breast and Pancreatic Cancers. J Cancer 2021; 12:2472-2487. [PMID: 33854609 PMCID: PMC8040722 DOI: 10.7150/jca.52414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) - in particular, the proteasome complex - has emerged as an attractive novel cancer therapy. While several proteasome inhibitors have been successfully approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of hematological malignancies, the clinical efficacy of these inhibitors is unexpectedly lower in the treatment of solid tumors due to the functional and structural heterogeneity of proteasomes in solid tumors. There are ongoing trials to examine the effectiveness of compound and novel proteasome inhibitors that can target solid tumors either alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic agents. The modest therapeutic efficacy of proteasome inhibitors such as bortezomib in solid malignancies demands further research to clarify the exact effects of these proteasome inhibitors on different proteasomes present in cancer cells. The structural, cellular localization and functional analysis of the proteasome complexes in solid tumors originated from different tissues provides new insights into the diversity of proteasomes' responses to inhibitors. In this study, we used an optimized iodixanol gradient ultracentrifugation to purify a native form of proteasome complexes with their intact associated protein partners enriched within distinct cellular compartments. It is therefore possible to isolate proteasome subcomplexes with far greater resolution than sucrose or glycerol fractionations. We have identified differences in the catalytic activities, subcellular distribution, and inhibitor sensitivity of cytoplasmic proteasomes isolated from human colon, breast, and pancreatic cancer cell lines. Our developed techniques and generated results will serve as a valuable guideline for investigators developing a new generation of proteasome inhibitors as an effective targeted therapy for solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Zagirova
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Rebecca Autenried
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Morgan E Nelson
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Khosrow Rezvani
- Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 414 E. Clark Street, Lee Medical Building, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
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48
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Chen L, Zhang Y, Shu X, Chen Q, Wei T, Wang H, Wang X, Wu Q, Zhang X, Liu X, Zheng S, Huang L, Xiao J, Jiang C, Yang B, Wang Z, Guo X. Proteasome regulation by reversible tyrosine phosphorylation at the membrane. Oncogene 2021; 40:1942-1956. [PMID: 33603165 PMCID: PMC7990385 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-01674-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Reversible phosphorylation has emerged as an important mechanism for regulating 26S proteasome function in health and disease. Over 100 phospho-tyrosine sites of the human proteasome have been detected, and yet their function and regulation remain poorly understood. Here we show that the 19S subunit Rpt2 is phosphorylated at Tyr439, a strictly conserved residue within the C-terminal HbYX motif of Rpt2 that is essential for 26S proteasome assembly. Unexpectedly, we found that Y439 phosphorylation depends on Rpt2 membrane localization mediated by its N-myristoylation. Multiple receptors tyrosine kinases can trigger Rpt2-Y439 phosphorylation by activating Src, a N-myristoylated tyrosine kinase. Src directly phosphorylates Rpt2-Y439 in vitro and negatively regulates 26S proteasome activity at cellular membranes, which can be reversed by the membrane-associated isoform of protein tyrosine phosphatase nonreceptor type 2 (PTPN2). In H1975 lung cancer cells with activated Src, blocking Rpt2-Y439 phosphorylation by the Y439F mutation conferred partial resistance to the Src inhibitor saracatinib both in vitro and in a mouse xenograft tumor model, and caused significant changes of cellular responses to saracatinib at the proteome level. Our study has defined a novel mechanism involved in the spatial regulation of proteasome function and provided new insights into tyrosine kinase inhibitor-based anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Wei
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Heman Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Wang
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Qirou Wu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomei Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suya Zheng
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lan Huang
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics and of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Junyu Xiao
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bing Yang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Center for Neuroscience and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital, NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Xing Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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49
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Shi L, Liu B, Shen DD, Yan P, Zhang Y, Tian Y, Hou L, Jiang G, Zhu Y, Liang Y, Liang X, Shen B, Yu H, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Guo X, Cai X. A tumor-suppressive circular RNA mediates uncanonical integrin degradation by the proteasome in liver cancer. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/13/eabe5043. [PMID: 33762338 PMCID: PMC7990343 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) have emerged as important regulators of various cellular processes and have been implicated in cancer. Previously, we reported the discovery of several dysregulated circRNAs including circPABPC1 (polyadenylate-binding protein 1) in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), although their roles in HCC development remained unclear. Here, we show that circPABPC1 is preferentially lost in tumor cells from clinical samples and inhibits both intrahepatic and distant metastases in a mouse xenograft model. This tumor-suppressive function of circPABPC1 can be attributed to its inhibition of cell adhesion and migration through down-regulating a key member of the integrin family, ITGB1 (β1 integrin). Mass spectrometry and biochemical evidence demonstrate that circPABPC1 directly links ITGB1 to the 26S proteasome for degradation in a ubiquitination-independent manner. Our data have revealed an uncanonical route for integrin turnover and a previously unidentified mode of action for circRNAs in HCC that can be harnessed for anticancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Shi
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Boqiang Liu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shen
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Peijian Yan
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yuanshi Tian
- Department of Diagnostic Ultrasound and Echocardiography, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Lidan Hou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Guangyi Jiang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Hangzhou 310016, China
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Zhejiang Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yinxin Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yuelong Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Biophysics and Department of Pathology of Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Cancer Molecular Cell Biology, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Xiujun Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China.
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Laparoscopic Technology, Hangzhou 310016, China
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50
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Expanding the role of proteasome homeostasis in Parkinson's disease: beyond protein breakdown. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:154. [PMID: 33542205 PMCID: PMC7862491 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03441-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Proteasome is the principal hydrolytic machinery responsible for the great majority of protein degradation. The past three decades have testified prominent advances about proteasome involved in almost every aspect of biological processes. Nonetheless, inappropriate increase or decrease in proteasome function is regarded as a causative factor in several diseases. Proteasome abundance and proper assembly need to be precisely controlled. Indeed, various neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD) share a common pathological feature, intracellular protein accumulation such as α-synuclein. Proteasome activation may effectively remove aggregates and prevent the neurodegeneration in PD, which provides a potential application for disease-modifying treatment. In this review, we build on the valuable discoveries related to different types of proteolysis by distinct forms of proteasome, and how its regulatory and catalytic particles promote protein elimination. Additionally, we summarize the emerging ideas on the proteasome homeostasis regulation by targeting transcriptional, translational, and post-translational levels. Given the imbalanced proteostasis in PD, the strategies for intensifying proteasomal degradation are advocated as a promising approach for PD clinical intervention.
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