1
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Neupane T, Chambers LR, Godfrey AJ, Monlux MM, Jacobs EJ, Whitworth S, Spawn JE, Clingman SHK, Vergunst KL, Niven FM, Townley JJ, Orion IW, Goodspeed CR, Cooper KA, Cronk JD, Shepherd JN, Langelaan DN. Microbial rhodoquinone biosynthesis proceeds via an atypical RquA-catalyzed amino transfer from S-adenosyl-L-methionine to ubiquinone. Commun Chem 2022; 5:89. [PMID: 36697674 PMCID: PMC9814641 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00711-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhodoquinone (RQ) is a close analogue of ubiquinone (UQ) that confers diverse bacterial and eukaryotic taxa the ability to utilize fumarate as an electron acceptor in hypoxic conditions. The RquA protein, identified in a Rhodospirillum rubrum RQ-deficient mutant, has been shown to be required for RQ biosynthesis in bacteria. In this report, we demonstrate that RquA, homologous to SAM-dependent methyltransferases, is necessary and sufficient to catalyze RQ biosynthesis from UQ in vitro. Remarkably, we show that RquA uses SAM as the amino group donor in a substitution reaction that converts UQ to RQ. In contrast to known aminotransferases, RquA does not use pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) as a coenzyme, but requires the presence of Mn2+ as a cofactor. As these findings reveal, RquA provides an example of a non-canonical SAM-dependent enzyme that does not catalyze methyl transfer, instead it uses SAM in an atypical amino transfer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trilok Neupane
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Lydia R. Chambers
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Alexander J. Godfrey
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Melina M. Monlux
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Evan J. Jacobs
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Sophia Whitworth
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Jamie E. Spawn
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Seo Hee K. Clingman
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Kathleen L. Vergunst
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
| | - Fair M. Niven
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - James J. Townley
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Iris W. Orion
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Carly R. Goodspeed
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Kathryn A. Cooper
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Jeff D. Cronk
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - Jennifer N. Shepherd
- grid.256410.40000 0001 0668 7980Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Gonzaga University, Spokane, WA USA
| | - David N. Langelaan
- grid.55602.340000 0004 1936 8200Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS Canada
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Watthaisong P, Kamutira P, Kesornpun C, Pongsupasa V, Phonbuppha J, Tinikul R, Maenpuen S, Wongnate T, Nishihara R, Ohmiya Y, Chaiyen P. Luciferin Synthesis and Pesticide Detection by Luminescence Enzymatic Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116908. [PMID: 35138676 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
D-Luciferin (D-LH2 ), a substrate of firefly luciferase (Fluc), is important for a wide range of bioluminescence applications. This work reports a new and green method using enzymatic reactions (HELP, HadA Enzyme for Luciferin Preparation) to convert 19 phenolic derivatives to 8 D-LH2 analogues with ≈51 % yield. The method can synthesize the novel 5'-methyl-D-LH2 and 4',5'-dimethyl-D-LH2 , which have never been synthesized or found in nature. 5'-Methyl-D-LH2 emits brighter and longer wavelength light than the D-LH2 . Using HELP, we further developed LUMOS (Luminescence Measurement of Organophosphate and Derivatives) technology for in situ detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) including parathion, methyl parathion, EPN, profenofos, and fenitrothion by coupling the reactions of OPs hydrolase and Fluc. The LUMOS technology can detect these OPs at parts per trillion (ppt) levels. The method can directly detect OPs in food and biological samples without requiring sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratchaya Watthaisong
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Philaiwarong Kamutira
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Kesornpun
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Vinutsada Pongsupasa
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Jittima Phonbuppha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Ruchanok Tinikul
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Somchart Maenpuen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Ryo Nishihara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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3
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Zhong H, Xue Y, Liu B, Chen Z, Li K, Zuo X. Construction of a colorimetric sensor array based on the coupling reaction to identify phenols. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2022; 14:892-899. [PMID: 35171157 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay02076e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phenols are harmful to the human body and the environment. Since there are a variety of phenols in actual samples, this requires a sensor which possesses the ability to simultaneously distinguish them. Herein, we report a colorimetric sensor array, which uses two nanozymes (Fe-N-C nanozymes and Cu-N-C nanozymes) as electronic tongues for fingerprint identification of six phenols (2,4,6-trichlorophenol (2,4,6-Tri), 4-nitrophenol (P-np), phenol (Phe), 3-chlorophenol (3-CP), 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), and o-nitrophenol (O-np)) in the environment. Nanozymes catalyzed the reaction of hydrogen peroxide, different phenols and 4-aminoantipyrine (4-AAP) to produce different color variations. These signal changes as fingerprints encouraged us to develop a pattern recognition method for the identification of phenols by linear discriminant analysis (LDA). The six phenols at 50 nM have their own response patterns, respectively. Surprisingly, this sensor array had distinguished the six phenols in actual samples successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haotian Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Yuting Xue
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Zhengbo Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
| | - Xia Zuo
- Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, China.
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Watthaisong P, Kamutira P, Kesornpun C, Pongsupasa V, Phonbuppha J, Tinikul R, Maenpuen S, Wongnate T, Nishihara R, Ohmiya Y, Chaiyen P. Luciferin Synthesis and Pesticide Detection by Luminescence Enzymatic Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratchaya Watthaisong
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Philaiwarong Kamutira
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Chatchai Kesornpun
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Vinutsada Pongsupasa
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Jittima Phonbuppha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Ruchanok Tinikul
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Somchart Maenpuen
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Burapha University Chonburi 20131 Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Ryo Nishihara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
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5
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Hu D, Zhou Y, Jiang X. From aniline to phenol: carbon-nitrogen bond activation via uranyl photoredox catalysis. Natl Sci Rev 2021; 9:nwab156. [PMID: 35854944 PMCID: PMC9283103 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwab156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbon-nitrogen bond activation, via uranyl photoredox catalysis with water, enabled the conversion of 40 protogenetic anilines, 8 N-substituted anilines and 9 aniline-containing natural products/pharmaceuticals to the corresponding phenols in an ambient environment. A single-electron transfer process between a protonated aniline and uranyl catalyst, which was disclosed by radical quenching experiments and Stern-Volmer analysis, facilitated the following oxygen atom transfer process between the radical cation of protonated anilines and uranyl peroxide originating from water-splitting. 18O labeling and 15N tracking unambiguously depicted that the oxygen came from water and amino group left as ammonium salt. The 100-fold efficiency of the flow operation demonstrated the great potential of the conversion process for industrial synthetic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deqing Hu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Yilin Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Nath J, Tarai A, Baruah JB. Copper(II), Zinc(II), and Cadmium(II) Formylbenzoate Complexes: Reactivity and Emission Properties. ACS OMEGA 2019; 4:18444-18455. [PMID: 31720548 PMCID: PMC6844117 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b02779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis, characterization, reactivity, and sensing properties of 4-formylbenzoate complexes of copper(II), zinc(II), and cadmium(II) possessing the 1,10-phenanthroline ancillary ligand are studied. The crystal structures of the (1,10-phenanthroline)bis(4-formylbenzoate)(aqua)copper(II) and (1,10-phenanthroline)bis(4-formylbenzo-ate)zinc(II) and a novel molecular complex comprising an assembly of mononuclear and dinuclear species of (1,10-phenanthroline)bis(4-formylbenzoate)cadmium(II) are reported. These zinc and cadmium complexes are fluorescent; they show differentiable sensitivity to detect three positional isomers of nitroaniline. The mechanism of sensing of nitroanilines by 1,10-phenanthroline and the complexes are studied by fluorescence titrations, photoluminescence decay, and dynamic light scattering. A plausible mechanism showing that 1,10-phenanthroline ligand-based emission quenched by electron transfer from the excited state of 1,10-phenanthroline to nitroaniline is supported by density functional theory calculations. In an anticipation to generate a fluorescent d10-copper(I) formylbenzoate complex by a mild reducing agent such as hydroxylamine hydrochloride for similar sensing of nitroaromatics as that of the d10-zinc and cadmium 4-formylbenzoate complexes, reactivity of d9-copper(II) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of 4-formylbenzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline is studied. It did not provide the expected copper(I) complex but resulted in stoichiometry-dependent reactions of 4-formylbenzoic acid with hydroxylamine hydrochloride in the presence of copper(II) acetate and 1,10-phenanthroline. Depending on the stoichiometry of reactants, an inclusion complex of bis(1,10-phenanthroline)(chloro)copper(II) chloride with in situ-formed 4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)benzoic acid or copper(II) 4-(hydroxycarbamoyl)benzoate complex was formed. The self-assembly of the inclusion complex has the bis(1,10-phenanthroline)(chloro)copper(II) cation encapsulated in hydrogen-bonded chloride-hydrate assembly with 4-((hydroxyimino)methyl)benzoic acid.
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7
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Watthaisong P, Pongpamorn P, Pimviriyakul P, Maenpuen S, Ohmiya Y, Chaiyen P. A Chemo‐Enzymatic Cascade for the Smart Detection of Nitro‐ and Halogenated Phenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratchaya Watthaisong
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Pornkanok Pongpamorn
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Panu Pimviriyakul
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Somchart Maenpuen
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceBurapha University Chonburi 20131 Thailand
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
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8
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Watthaisong P, Pongpamorn P, Pimviriyakul P, Maenpuen S, Ohmiya Y, Chaiyen P. A Chemo‐Enzymatic Cascade for the Smart Detection of Nitro‐ and Halogenated Phenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13254-13258. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratchaya Watthaisong
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Pornkanok Pongpamorn
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Panu Pimviriyakul
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Somchart Maenpuen
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceBurapha University Chonburi 20131 Thailand
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
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9
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Ji NN, Shi ZQ, Hu HL, Zheng HG. A triphenylamine-functionalized luminescent sensor for efficient p-nitroaniline detection. Dalton Trans 2018; 47:7222-7228. [DOI: 10.1039/c8dt01240g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The combination of π-conjugated fluorophores within a hybrid system gives rise to a triphenylamine-functionalized material [Zn(bpba)(NO3)] (1) (Hbpba = 4-(bis(4-(pyridin-4-yl)phenyl)amino)benzoic acid).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Ning Ji
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taishan University
- Tai'an 271021
- P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Shi
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Taishan University
- Tai'an 271021
- P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
| | - Hai-Liang Hu
- School of Chemical Engineering (School of Chinese Pharmacy)
- Guizhou Minzu University
- Guiyang 550025
- P. R. China
| | - He-Gen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures
- Nanjing University
- Nanjing 210093
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10
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Pu Z, Ji F, Wang J, Zhang Y, Sun W, Bao Y. Rational design of Meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase by molecular dynamics simulation and experimental evaluations. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:3402-3413. [PMID: 28875495 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Meso-2,3-butanediol dehydrogenase (meso-2,3-BDH) catalyzes NAD+ -dependent conversion of meso-2,3-butanediol to acetoin, a crucial external energy storage molecule in fermentive bacteria. In this study, the active tunnel of meso-2,3-BDH was identified. The two short α helixes positioned away from the α4-helix possibly expose the hydrophobic ligand-binding cavity, gating the exit of product and cofactor from the activity pocket. Further MM/GBSA-binding free energy analysis shows that Phe212 and Asn146 function as the key product-release sites. Site-directed mutagenesis experiments targeted to the sites show that the kcat of Phe212Tyr is enhanced up to (4-8)-fold. The original activity of Asn146Gln is retained, but the activity of Asn146Ala mutation is lost. These results could provide helpful guidance on rational design of short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongji Pu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Fangling Ji
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Jingyun Wang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Wenhui Sun
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, China
| | - Yongming Bao
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Dalian University of Technology, China.,School of Food and Environment Science and Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Panjin, China
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