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Nelson MT, Slocik JM, Romer EJ, Mankus CI, Agans RT, Naik RR, Hussain SM. Examining cellular responses to reconstituted antibody protein liquids. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17066. [PMID: 34426606 PMCID: PMC8382709 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96375-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein ionic liquids (PIL) are a new class of biologic stabilizers designed to protect the functionality and extend the shelf-life of biotechnological and therapeutic agents making them more readily available, and resistant to austere environments. Protein biorecognition elements such as monoclonal antibodies are commonly utilized therapeutics that require the robust stabilization offered by PILs, but biocompatibility remains an important issue. This study has focused on characterizing the biocompatibility of an antibody based PIL by exposing multiple cells types to a cationized immunoglobulin suspended in an anionic liquid (IgG-IL). The IgG-IL caused no significant alterations in cellular health for all three cell types with treatments < 12.5 µg/mL. Concentrations ≥ 12.5 µg/mL resulted in significant necrotic cell death in A549 and HaCaT cells, and caspase associated cell death in HepG2 cells. In addition, all cells displayed evidence of oxidative stress and IL-8 induction in response to IgG-IL exposures. Therapeutic Ig can be utilized with a wide dose range that extends into concentrations we have found to exhibit cytotoxicity raising a toxicity concern and a need for more extensive understanding of the biocompatibility of IgG-ILs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tyler Nelson
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA.
| | - Joseph M Slocik
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA.,UES Inc., Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Eric J Romer
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA.,UES Inc., Dayton, OH, 45433, USA
| | | | | | - Rajesh R Naik
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
| | - Saber M Hussain
- 711th Human Performance Wing, Airman Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH, 45433, USA
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Ma X, Li Y, Hussain I, Shen R, Yang G, Zhang K. Core-Shell Structured Nanoenergetic Materials: Preparation and Fundamental Properties. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e2001291. [PMID: 32557860 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202001291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Energetic materials, including explosives, pyrotechnics, and propellants, are widely used in mining, demolition, automobile airbags, fireworks, ordnance, and space technology. Nanoenergetic materials (nEMs) have a high reaction rate and high energy density, which are both adjustable to a large extent. Structural control over nEMs to achieve improved performance and multifunctionality leads to a fascinating research area, namely, nanostructured energetic materials. Among them, core-shell structured nEMs have gained considerable attention due to their improved material properties and combined multiple functionalities. Various nEMs with core-shell structures have been developed through diverse synthesis routes, among which core-shell structured nEMs associated with explosives and metastable intermolecular composites (MICs) are extensively studied due to their good tunability and wide applications, as well as excellent energetic (e.g., enhanced heat release and combustion) and/or mechanical properties. Herein, the preparation methods and fundamental properties of the abovementioned kinds of core-shell structured nEMs are summarized and the reasons behind the satisfactory performance clarified, based on which suggestions regarding possible future research directions are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxia Ma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Yuxiang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Ruiqi Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Guangcheng Yang
- Institute of Chemical Materials, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Mianyang, 621900, China
| | - Kaili Zhang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, 999077, Hong Kong
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Wang H, Shen J, Kline DJ, Eckman N, Agrawal NR, Wu T, Wang P, Zachariah MR. Direct Writing of a 90 wt% Particle Loading Nanothermite. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1806575. [PMID: 30993751 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201806575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The additive manufacturing of energetic materials has received worldwide attention. Here, an ink formulation is developed with only 10 wt% of polymers, which can bind a 90 wt% nanothermite using a simple direct-writing approach. The key additive in the ink is a hybrid polymer of poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) in which the former serves as an energetic initiator and a binder, and the latter is a thickening agent and the other binder, which can form a gel. The rheological shear-thinning properties of the ink are critical to making the formulation at such high loadings printable. The Young's modulus of the printed stick is found to compare favorably with that of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), with a particle packing density at the theoretical maximum. The linear burn rate, mass burn rate, flame temperature, and heat flux are found to be easily adjusted by varying the fuel/oxidizer ratio. The average flame temperatures are as high as ≈2800 K with near-complete combustion being evident upon examination of the postcombustion products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyang Wang
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jinpeng Shen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Dylan J Kline
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Noah Eckman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Niti R Agrawal
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Tao Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Michael R Zachariah
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, The University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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