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Zhu M, Tong J, Liu X, Yang W, Gong X, Jiang W, Lu P, Li H, Song X, Wu J. Tunnelling of electrons via the neighboring atom. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:18. [PMID: 38228578 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-023-01373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
As compared to the intuitive process that the electron emits straight to the continuum from its parent ion, there is an alternative route that the electron may transfer to and be trapped by a neighboring ionic core before the eventual release. Here, we demonstrate that electron tunnelling via the neighboring atomic core is a pronounced process in light-induced tunnelling ionization of molecules by absorbing multiple near-infrared photons. We devised a site-resolved tunnelling experiment using an Ar-Kr+ ion as a prototype system to track the electron tunnelling dynamics from the Ar atom towards the neighboring Kr+ by monitoring its transverse momentum distribution, which is temporally captured into the resonant excited states of the Ar-Kr+ before its eventual releasing. The influence of the Coulomb potential of neighboring ionic cores promises new insights into the understanding and controlling of tunnelling dynamics in complex molecules or environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China
| | - Jihong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiwang Liu
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China.
- Center for Theoretical Physics, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China.
| | - Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
| | - Xiaohong Song
- School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, 570288, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200241, China
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2
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He PL, Hatsagortsyan KZ, Keitel CH. Double-Slit Interference in the Ion Dynamics of Dissociative Photoionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2023; 131:013201. [PMID: 37478442 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.013201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
The ion momentum distribution in the x-ray-induced dissociative photoionization of molecules is investigated, treating the ionization analytically under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation and simulating numerically the ion motion via the Schrödinger equation. The ion-photoelectron entanglement transfers information of the electronic interference to the ion dynamics. As a consequence, the ion momentum distributions of dissociative molecular photoionization present Young's double-slit interference when the photoelectron emission angle is fixed. We demonstrate that double-slit interference signatures persist in the ion longitudinal momentum shift even when the information of the correlated photoelectron is lost, which is the case for heteronuclear molecules when an additional photoelectron recoil momentum arises due to the different ion masses. For the case of sequential double ionization, we show that double-slit interference in the ion dynamics can be utilized for coherent control of the molecular dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun He
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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3
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Howard AJ, Britton M, Streeter ZL, Cheng C, Forbes R, Reynolds JL, Allum F, McCracken GA, Gabalski I, Lucchese RR, McCurdy CW, Weinacht T, Bucksbaum PH. Filming enhanced ionization in an ultrafast triatomic slingshot. Commun Chem 2023; 6:81. [PMID: 37106058 PMCID: PMC10140156 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-023-00882-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Filming atomic motion within molecules is an active pursuit of molecular physics and quantum chemistry. A promising method is laser-induced Coulomb Explosion Imaging (CEI) where a laser pulse rapidly ionizes many electrons from a molecule, causing the remaining ions to undergo Coulomb repulsion. The ion momenta are used to reconstruct the molecular geometry which is tracked over time (i.e., filmed) by ionizing at an adjustable delay with respect to the start of interatomic motion. Results are distorted, however, by ultrafast motion during the ionizing pulse. We studied this effect in water and filmed the rapid "slingshot" motion that enhances ionization and distorts CEI results. Our investigation uncovered both the geometry and mechanism of the enhancement which may inform CEI experiments in many other polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Howard
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
| | - Mathew Britton
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Zachary L Streeter
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Chuan Cheng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Ruaridh Forbes
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Joshua L Reynolds
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Felix Allum
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Gregory A McCracken
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Ian Gabalski
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA
| | - Robert R Lucchese
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - C William McCurdy
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Thomas Weinacht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Philip H Bucksbaum
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
- Department of Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA.
- Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, CA, 94025, USA.
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4
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Lu C, Shi M, Pan S, Zhou L, Qiang J, Lu P, Zhang W, Wu J. Electron transfer in strong-field three-body fragmentation of ArKr 2 trimers. J Chem Phys 2023; 158:094302. [PMID: 36889967 DOI: 10.1063/5.0134833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We experimentally studied the three-body fragmentation dynamics of a noble gas cluster (ArKr2) upon its multiple ionization by an intense femtosecond laser pulse. The three-dimensional momentum vectors of correlated fragmental ions were measured in coincidence for each fragmentation event. A novel comet-like structure was observed in the Newton diagram of the quadruple-ionization-induced breakup channel of ArKr2 4+→ Ar+ + Kr+ + Kr2+. The concentrated head part of the structure mainly originates from the direct Coulomb explosion process, while the broader tail part of the structure stems from a three-body fragmentation process involving electron transfer between the distant Kr+ and Kr2+ ion fragments. Due to the field-driven electron transfer, the Coulomb repulsive force of the Kr2+ and Kr+ ions with respect to the Ar+ ion undergoes exchange, leading to changes in the ion emission geometry in the Newton plot. An energy sharing among the separating Kr2+ and Kr+ entities was observed. Our study indicates a promising approach for investigating the strong-field-driven intersystem electron transfer dynamics by using the Coulomb explosion imaging of an isosceles triangle van der Waals cluster system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Menghang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Shengzhe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lianrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junjie Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
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5
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Tong J, Liu X, Dong W, Jiang W, Zhu M, Xu Y, Zuo Z, Lu P, Gong X, Song X, Yang W, Wu J. Probing Resonant Photoionization Time Delay by Self-Referenced Molecular Attoclock. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:173201. [PMID: 36332237 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.173201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Attosecond time-resolved electron tunneling dynamics have been investigated by using attosecond angular streaking spectroscopy, where a clock reference to the laser field vector is required in atomic strong-field ionization and the situation becomes complicated in molecules. Here we reveal a resonant ionization process via a transient state by developing an electron-tunneling-site-resolved molecular attoclock in Ar-Kr^{+}. Two distinct deflection angles are observed in the photoelectron angular distribution in the molecular frame, corresponding to the direct and resonant ionization pathways. We find the electron is temporally trapped in the Coulomb potential wells of the Ar-Kr^{+} before finally releasing into the continuum when the electron tunnels through the internal barrier. By utilizing the direct tunneling ionization as a self-referenced arm of the attoclock, the time delay of the electron trapped in the resonant state is revealed to be 3.50±0.04 fs. Our results give an impetus to exploring the ultrafast electron dynamics in complex systems and also endow a semiclassical presentation of the electron trapping dynamics in a quantum resonant state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiwang Liu
- School of Science and Center for Theoretical Physics, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Wenhui Dong
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Ming Zhu
- School of Science and Center for Theoretical Physics, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Yidan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Zitan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Xiaohong Song
- School of Science and Center for Theoretical Physics, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Weifeng Yang
- School of Science and Center for Theoretical Physics, Hainan University, Haikou 570288, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Precision Optics, Chongqing Institute of East China Normal University, Chongqing 401121, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
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6
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Yu X, Zhang X, Hu X, Zhao X, Ren D, Li X, Ma P, Wang C, Wu Y, Luo S, Ding D. Femtosecond Time-Resolved Neighbor Roles in the Fragmentation Dynamics of Molecules in a Dimer. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:023001. [PMID: 35867441 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.023001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
How the neighbor effect plays its role in the fragmentation of molecular clusters attracts great attention for physicists and chemists. Here, we study this effect in the fragmentation of N_{2}O dimer by performing three-body coincidence measurements on the femtosecond timescale. Rotations of bound N_{2}O^{+} triggered by neutral or ionic neighbors are tracked. The forbidden dissociation path between B^{2}Π and ^{4}Π is opened by the spin-exchange effect due to the existence of neighbor ions, leading to a new channel of N_{2}O^{+}→NO+N^{+} originating from B^{2}Π. The formation and dissociation of the metastable product N_{3}O_{2}^{+} from two ion-molecule reaction channels are tracked in real time, and the corresponding trajectories are captured. Our results demonstrate a significant and promising step towards the understanding of neighbor roles in the reactions within clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xitao Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Xinning Zhao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dianxiang Ren
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Chuncheng Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Sizuo Luo
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Dajun Ding
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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7
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He PL, Hatsagortsyan KZ, Keitel CH. Nondipole Time Delay and Double-Slit Interference in Tunneling Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 128:183201. [PMID: 35594091 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.128.183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Recently two-center interference in single-photon molecular ionization was employed to observe a zeptosecond time delay due to the photon propagation of the internuclear distance in a molecule [Grundmann et al., Science 370, 339 (2020)SCIEAS0036-807510.1126/science.abb9318]. We investigate the possibility of a comparable nondipole time delay in tunneling ionization and decode the emerged time delay signal. With the here newly developed Coulomb-corrected nondipole molecular strong-field approximation, we derive and analyze the photoelectron momentum distribution, the signature of nondipole effects, and the role of the degeneracy of the molecular orbitals. We show that the ejected electron momentum shifts and interference fringes efficiently imprint both the molecule structure and laser parameters. The corresponding nondipole time delay value significantly deviates from that in single-photon ionization. In particular, when the two-center interference in the molecule is destructive, the time delay is independent of the bond length. We also identify the double-slit interference in tunneling ionization of atoms with nonzero angular momentum via a nondipole momentum shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Lun He
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph H Keitel
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kernphysik, Saupfercheckweg 1, 69117 Heidelberg, Germany
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8
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Ortmann L, AlShafey A, Staudte A, Landsman AS. Tracking the Ionization Site in Neutral Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:213201. [PMID: 34860111 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.213201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
When a diatomic molecule is exposed to intense light, the valence electron may tunnel from a higher potential (corresponding to an upfield atom) due to the suppressed internuclear barrier. This process is known as ionization enhancement and is a key mechanism in strong field ionization of molecules. Alternatively, the bound electron wave function can evolve adiabatically in the laser field, resulting in ionization from the downfield atom. Here, we introduce a method to quantify the relative contribution of these two processes. Applying this method to experimentally measured electron momenta distributions following strong field ionization of N_{2} with infrared laser light, we find approximately a 2∶1 ratio of electrons ionized from a downfield atom, relative to upfield. This suggests that the bound state wave function largely adapts adiabatically to the changing laser field, although the nonadiabatic process of ionization enhancement still contributes even in neutral molecules. Our method can be applied to any diatomic neutral molecule to better understand the evolution of the initially bound electron wave packet and hence the nature of the molecular ionization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Ortmann
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems, Nöthnitzer Straße 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A AlShafey
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
| | - A Staudte
- Joint Attosecond Science Lab of the National Research Council and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - A S Landsman
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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9
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Ma J, Xu L, Ni H, Lu C, Zhang W, Lu P, Wen J, He F, Faucher O, Wu J. Transient Valence Charge Localization in Strong-Field Dissociative Ionization of HCl Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:183201. [PMID: 34767394 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.183201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Probing transient charge localization in the innershell orbital of atoms and molecules has been made possible by the recent progress of advanced light sources. Here, we demonstrate that the ultrafast electron tunneling ionization by an intense femtosecond laser pulse could induce an asymmetric transient charge localization in the valence shell of the HCl molecule during the dissociative ionization process. The transient charge localization is encoded in the laser impulse acquired by the outgoing ionic fragments, and the asymmetry is revealed by carefully examining the electron tunneling-site distinguished momentum angular distribution of the ejected H^{+} fragments. Our work proposes a way to visualize the transient valence charge motion and will stimulate further investigations of the tunneling-site-sensitive ultrafast dynamics of molecules in strong laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Liang Xu
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Modern Optical System, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Hongcheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Chenxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jin Wen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials and College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Olivier Faucher
- Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire CARNOT de Bourgogne, UMR 6303 CNRS-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, BP 47870, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Ultra-intense Laser Science, Shanghai 201800, China
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10
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Pan S, Zhang W, Li H, Lu C, Zhang W, Ji Q, Li H, Sun F, Qiang J, Chen F, Tong J, Zhou L, Jiang W, Gong X, Lu P, Wu J. Clocking Dissociative Above-Threshold Double Ionization of H_{2} in a Multicycle Laser Pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:063201. [PMID: 33635700 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.063201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The dissociative above-threshold double ionization (ATDI) of H_{2} in strong laser fields involves the sequential releasing of two electrons at specific instants with the stretching of the molecular bond. By mapping the releasing instants of two electrons to their emission directions in a multicycle polarization-skewed femtosecond laser pulse, we experimentally clock the dissociative ATDI of H_{2} via distinct photon-number-resolved pathways, which are distinguished in the kinetic energy release spectrum of two protons measured in coincidence. The timings of the experimentally resolved dissociative ATDI pathways are in good accordance with the classical predictions. Our results verify the multiphoton scenario of the dissociative ATDI of H_{2} in both time and energy fashion, strengthening the understanding of the strong-field phenomenon and providing a robust tool with a subcycle time resolution to clock abundant ultrafast dynamics of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengzhe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Chenxu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Weihua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Qinying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Hanxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Junjie Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Fei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jihong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Lianrong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Wenyu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200241, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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11
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Wang Y, Lai X, Yu S, Sun R, Liu X, Dorner-Kirchner M, Erattupuzha S, Larimian S, Koch M, Hanus V, Kangaparambil S, Paulus G, Baltuška A, Xie X, Kitzler-Zeiler M. Laser-Induced Electron Transfer in the Dissociative Multiple Ionization of Argon Dimers. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:063202. [PMID: 32845670 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.063202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an experimental and theoretical study of the ionization-fragmentation dynamics of argon dimers in intense few-cycle laser pulses with a tagged carrier-envelope phase. We find that a field-driven electron transfer process from one argon atom across the system boundary to the other argon atom triggers subcycle electron-electron interaction dynamics in the neighboring atom. This attosecond electron-transfer process between distant entities and its implications manifests itself as a distinct phase-shift between the measured asymmetry of electron emission curves of the Ar^{+}+Ar^{2+} and Ar^{2+}+Ar^{2+} fragmentation channels. This letter discloses a strong-field route to controlling the dynamics in molecular compounds through the excitation of electronic dynamics on a distant molecule by driving intermolecular electron-transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- YanLan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - XuanYang Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - ShaoGang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - RenPing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - XiaoJun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | | | - Sonia Erattupuzha
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Seyedreza Larimian
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Koch
- Institute of Experimental Physics, Graz University of Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Václav Hanus
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Gerhard Paulus
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xinhua Xie
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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12
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Hanus V, Kangaparambil S, Larimian S, Dorner-Kirchner M, Xie X, Schöffler MS, Paulus GG, Baltuška A, Staudte A, Kitzler-Zeiler M. Experimental Separation of Subcycle Ionization Bursts in Strong-Field Double Ionization of H_{2}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 124:103201. [PMID: 32216425 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.103201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on the unambiguous observation of the subcycle ionization bursts in sequential strong-field double ionization of H_{2} and their disentanglement in molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions. This observation was made possible by the use of few-cycle laser pulses with a known carrier-envelope phase, in combination with multiparticle coincidence momentum imaging. The approach demonstrated here will allow sampling of the intramolecular electron dynamics and the investigation of charge-state-specific Coulomb distortions on emitted electrons in polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Hanus
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Seyedreza Larimian
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Xinhua Xie
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Markus S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerhard G Paulus
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - André Staudte
- Joint Attosecond Science Lab of the National Research Council and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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13
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Hanus V, Kangaparambil S, Larimian S, Dorner-Kirchner M, Xie X, Schöffler MS, Paulus GG, Baltuška A, Staudte A, Kitzler-Zeiler M. Subfemtosecond Tracing of Molecular Dynamics during Strong-Field Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:263201. [PMID: 31951453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.263201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a method where the two intrinsic timescales of a molecule, the slow nuclear motion and the fast electronic motion, are simultaneously measured in a photoelectron photoion coincidence experiment. In our experiment, elliptically polarized, 750 nm, 4.5 fs laser pulses were focused to an intensity of 9×10^{14} W/cm^{2} onto H_{2}. Using coincidence imaging, we directly observe the nuclear wave packet evolving on the 1sσ_{g} state of H_{2}^{+} during its first round-trip with attosecond temporal and picometer spatial resolution. The demonstrated method should enable insight into the first few femtoseconds of the vibronic dynamics of ionization-induced unimolecular reactions of larger molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Hanus
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | | | - Seyedreza Larimian
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | | | - Xinhua Xie
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Markus S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, EU
| | - Gerhard G Paulus
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, EU
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - André Staudte
- Joint Laboratory for Attosecond Science of the National Research Council and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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14
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Tong A, Li Q, Ma X, Zhou Y, Lu P. Internal collision induced strong-field nonsequential double ionization in molecules. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:6415-6425. [PMID: 30876227 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.006415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Using the classical ensemble method, we have investigated the alignment dependence of the correlated electron dynamics in strong-field nonsequential double ionization (NSDI) of diatomic molecules driven by linearly polarized laser pulses. Our numerical results show that the correlated electron pairs are more likely to emit into the same hemisphere (side-by-side emission) for the parallel aligned molecules at the small internuclear distance, in agreement with previous experimental results. Surprisingly, as the internuclear distance increases, this side-by-side emission is more prevalent for the perpendicularly aligned molecules. Back analyzing of the classical trajectories shows that a considerable part of the NSDI events for the parallel aligned molecules at the large internuclear distances occur through an internal collision, not the well-known recollision. In the internal collision induced NSDI, the first electron tunnels through the inner barrier from the up-field core, moves directly towards the other core, and kicks out the second electron. For this type of NSDI events, the electron pairs are more likely to emit into the opposite hemispheres and thus the correlated electron momentum spectrum exhibits a more dominant back-to-back behavior in the parallel aligned molecules.
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15
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Yuan ZQ, Ye DF, Gu YQ, Liu J, Fu LB. Retrieving the excitation and polarization configurations in Coulomb explosion of a trimer driven by strong laser field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:3180-3189. [PMID: 30732343 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.003180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafast imaging and manipulating transient molecular structures in chemical reactions and photobiological processes is a fundamental but challenging goal for scientists. Theoretically, the challenge originates from the complex multiple-time-scale correlated electron dynamics and their coupling with the nuclei. Here, we employ classical polyatomic models for this kind of study and take the Coulomb explosion of argon and neon trimers in strong laser fields as an illuminating example. Our results demonstrate that the degree of asymmetry on the kinetic energy release (KER) spectrum, together with a Dalitz plot, constitutes a powerful tool for retrieving the ionization, excitation, and polarization configurations (femtosecond-to-attosecond time-scale electron dynamics) of trimers under strong-field radiation.
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16
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Schnappinger T, Burger C, Atia-Tul-Noor A, Xu H, Rosenberger P, Harem N, Moshammer R, Sang RT, Bergues B, Schuurman MS, Litvinyuk I, Kling MF, de Vivie-Riedle R. Simulation of time-dependent ionization processes in acetylene. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201920509023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have investigated nuclear dynamics in bound and dissociating acetylene molecular ions in a time-resolved reaction microscopy experiment with a pair of few-cycle pulses. Different ionization processes were observed for acetylene. These time-dependent ionization processes are simulated using semi-classical on-the-fly dynamics revealing the underling mechanisms.
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17
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Burger C, Atia-Tul-Noor A, Schnappinger T, Xu H, Rosenberger P, Haram N, Beaulieu S, Légaré F, Alnaser AS, Moshammer R, Sang RT, Bergues B, Schuurman MS, de Vivie-Riedle R, Litvinyuk IV, Kling MF. Time-resolved nuclear dynamics in bound and dissociating acetylene. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2018; 5:044302. [PMID: 30175156 PMCID: PMC6102119 DOI: 10.1063/1.5037686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated nuclear dynamics in bound and dissociating acetylene molecular ions in a time-resolved reaction microscopy experiment with a pair of few-cycle pulses. Vibrating bound acetylene cations or dissociating dications are produced by the first pulse. The second pulse probes the nuclear dynamics by ionization to higher charge states and Coulomb explosion of the molecule. For the bound cations, we observed vibrations in acetylene (HCCH) and its isomer vinylidene (CCHH) along the CC-bond with a periodicity of around 26 fs. For dissociating dication molecules, a clear indication of enhanced ionization is found to occur along the CH- and CC-bonds after 10 fs to 40 fs. The time-dependent ionization processes are simulated using semi-classical on-the-fly dynamics revealing the underling mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Atia-Tul-Noor
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - T Schnappinger
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - H Xu
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - N Haram
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - F Légaré
- Énergie, Matériaux et Télécommunications, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique, Varennes, Quebec J3X 1P7, Canada
| | | | - R Moshammer
- Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R T Sang
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | | | - M S Schuurman
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Dr, Ottawa, Ontario K1A0R6, Canada
| | - R de Vivie-Riedle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, D-81377 Munich, Germany
| | - I V Litvinyuk
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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18
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Huang C, Zhong M, Wu Z. Anomalous ellipticity dependence in nonsequential double ionization of ArXe. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8772. [PMID: 29884833 PMCID: PMC5993723 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27120-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Using a three-dimensional classical ensemble method, we present a theoretical study of nonsequential double ionization of ArXe dimer aligned along the minor axis of the elliptically polarized laser pulse. Numerical results show that NSDI probability firstly increases and then decreases with the laser ellipticity increasing, which is different from atoms. Moreover, the correlated electron momentum spectra from elliptical polarization are always asymmetric, and the asymmetry is enhanced as the ellipticity increases. Analysis backward in time indicates that in NSDI of ArXe aligned along the minor axis the recollision occurs via a semi-elliptical trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Mingmin Zhong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhengmao Wu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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19
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Zhang W, Yu Z, Gong X, Wang J, Lu P, Li H, Song Q, Ji Q, Lin K, Ma J, Li H, Sun F, Qiang J, Zeng H, He F, Wu J. Visualizing and Steering Dissociative Frustrated Double Ionization of Hydrogen Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:253202. [PMID: 29303298 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.253202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally visualize the dissociative frustrated double ionization of hydrogen molecules by using few-cycle laser pulses in a pump-probe scheme, in which process the tunneling ionized electron is recaptured by one of the outgoing nuclei of the breaking molecule. Three internuclear distances are recognized to enhance the dissociative frustrated double ionization of molecules at different instants after the first ionization step. The recapture of the electron can be further steered to one of the outgoing nuclei as desired by using phase-controlled two-color laser pulses. Both the experimental measurements and numerical simulations suggest that the Rydberg atom is favored to emit to the direction of the maximum of the asymmetric optical field. Our results on the one hand intuitively visualize the dissociative frustrated double ionization of molecules, and on the other hand open the possibility to selectively excite the heavy fragment ejected from a molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Zuqing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Key Laboratory of Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qiying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qinying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hanxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Fenghao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junjie Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Heping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory of Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center for IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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20
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Liu K, Barth I. Identifying the Tunneling Site in Strong-Field Ionization of H_{2}^{+}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 119:243204. [PMID: 29286733 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.119.243204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The tunneling site of the electron in a molecule exposed to a strong laser field determines the initial position of the ionizing electron and, as a result, has a large impact on the subsequent ultrafast electron dynamics on the polyatomic Coulomb potential. Here, the tunneling site of the electron of H_{2}^{+} ionized by a strong circularly polarized (CP) laser pulse is studied by numerically solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. We show that the electron removed from the down-field site is directly driven away by the CP field and the lateral photoelectron momentum distribution (LPMD) exhibits a Gaussian-like distribution, whereas the corresponding LPMD of the electron removed from the up-field site differs from the Gaussian shape due to the Coulomb focusing and scattering by the down-field core. Our current study presents the direct evidence clarifying a long-standing controversy over the tunneling site in H_{2}^{+} and raises the important role of the tunneling site in strong-field molecular ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunlong Liu
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Ingo Barth
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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21
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Tancogne-Dejean N, Mücke OD, Kärtner FX, Rubio A. Ellipticity dependence of high-harmonic generation in solids originating from coupled intraband and interband dynamics. Nat Commun 2017; 8:745. [PMID: 28963478 PMCID: PMC5622149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong ellipticity dependence of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in gases enables numerous experimental techniques that are nowadays routinely used, for instance, to create isolated attosecond pulses. Extending such techniques to solids requires a fundamental understanding of the microscopic mechanism of HHG. Here we use first-principles simulations within a time-dependent density-functional framework and show how intraband and interband mechanisms are strongly and differently affected by the ellipticity of the driving laser field. The complex interplay between intraband and interband effects can be used to tune and improve harmonic emission in solids. In particular, we show that the high-harmonic plateau can be extended by as much as 30% using a finite ellipticity of the driving field. We furthermore demonstrate the possibility to generate, from single circularly polarized drivers, circularly polarized harmonics. Our work shows that ellipticity provides an additional knob to experimentally optimize HHG in solids.The mechanisms of high-order harmonic generation in bulk system and dilute gas are different. Here the authors use first-principle methods to explore the ellipticity dependence and control of the HHG in periodic solids by involving the interband and intraband dynamics in Si and MgO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver D Mücke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz X Kärtner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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22
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Cheng Q, Xie X, Yuan Z, Zhong X, Liu Y, Gong Q, Wu C. Dissociative Ionization of Argon Dimer by Intense Femtosecond Laser Pulses. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3891-3897. [PMID: 28470067 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b02044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We experimentally and theoretically studied dissociative ionization of argon dimer driven by intense femtosecond laser pulses. In the experiment, we measured the ion yield and the angular distribution of fragmental ions generated from the dissociative ionization channels of (1,1) (Ar22+ → Ar+ + Ar+) and (2,1) (Ar23+ → Ar2+ + Ar+) using a cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy. The channel ratio of (2,1)/(1,1) is 4.5-7.5 times of the yield ratio of double ionization to single ionization of argon monomer depending on the laser intensity. The measurement verified that the ionization of Ar+ is greatly enhanced if there exists a neighboring Ar+ separated by a critical distance. In addition, the fragmental ions exhibit an anisotropic angular distribution with the peak along the laser polarization direction and the full width at half maximum becomes broader with increasing laser intensity. Using a full three-dimensional classical ensemble model, we calculated the angle-dependent multiple ionization probability of argon dimer in intense laser fields. The results show that the experimentally observed anisotropic angular distribution of fragmental ions can be attributed to the angle-dependent enhanced ionization of the argon dimer in intense laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Cheng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiguo Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zongqiang Yuan
- Science and Technology on Plasma Physics Laboratory, Research Center of Laser Fusion, China Academy of Engineering Physics , Mianyang 621900, China
| | - Xunqi Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Qihuang Gong
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
| | - Chengyin Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, School of Physics, Peking University , Beijing 100871, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University , Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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23
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Song Q, Li Z, Li H, Lu P, Gong X, Ji Q, Lin K, Zhang W, Ma J, Zeng H, He F, Wu J. Orientation-dependent strong-field dissociative single ionization of CO. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:2221-2227. [PMID: 29519070 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.002221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The dissociative ionization of CO in orthogonally polarized femtosecond laser pulses are studied in a pump-probe scheme. The ionization of CO by the pump pulse and the dissociation of the created CO+ by the probe pulse can be fully disentangled by identifying the photoelectron momentum distributions. Different from the dissociative ionization by a single pulse in which the CO molecule mostly breaks along the field polarization, in this pump-probe strategy, the CO+ ion created from ionization by the pump pulse is favored to dissociate when it orients orthogonal to the polarization direction of the probe pulse. It is attributed to the laser-coupling of various electronic states of the molecular ion in the dissociation process, supported by the numerical simulation of a modeled time-dependent Schrödinger equation.
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24
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Endo T, Fujise H, Kawachi Y, Ishihara A, Matsuda A, Fushitani M, Kono H, Hishikawa A. Selective bond breaking of CO2 in phase-locked two-color intense laser fields: laser field intensity dependence. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:3550-3556. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cp07471e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
One of the two equivalent C–O bonds of CO2 can be selectively broken by phase-locked two-color intense laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Endo
- Research Center for Materials Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
- Department of Chemistry
| | - Hikaru Fujise
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Yuuna Kawachi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Ayaka Ishihara
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Akitaka Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
| | - Hirohiko Kono
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Tohoku University
- Sendai 980-8578
- Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Research Center for Materials Science
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya
- Japan
- Department of Chemistry
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25
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Zhu X, Lan P, Liu K, Li Y, Liu X, Zhang Q, Barth I, Lu P. Helicity sensitive enhancement of strong-field ionization in circularly polarized laser fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:4196-4209. [PMID: 26907068 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.004196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the strong-field ionization from p± orbitals driven by circularly polarized laser fields by solving the two-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation in polar coordinates with the Lagrange mesh technique. Enhancement of ionization is found in the deep multiphoton ionization regime when the helicity of the laser field is opposite to that of the p electron, while this enhancement is suppressed when the helicities are the same. It is found that the enhancement of ionization is attributed to the multiphoton resonant excitation. The helicity sensitivity of the resonant enhancement is related to the different excitation-ionization channels in left and right circularly polarized laser fields.
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26
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Khosravi E, Abedi A, Maitra NT. Exact Potential Driving the Electron Dynamics in Enhanced Ionization of H(2)(+). PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:263002. [PMID: 26764989 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.263002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It was recently shown that the exact factorization of the electron-nuclear wave function allows the construction of a Schrödinger equation for the electronic system, in which the potential contains exactly the effect of coupling to the nuclear degrees of freedom and any external fields. Here we study the exact potential acting on the electron in charge-resonance enhanced ionization in a model one-dimensional H(2)(+) molecule. We show there can be significant differences between the exact potential and that used in the traditional quasistatic analyses, arising from nonadiabatic coupling to the nuclear system, and that these are crucial to include for accurate simulations of time-resolved ionization dynamics and predictions of the ionization yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Khosravi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC and DIPC, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ali Abedi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
- Nano-Bio Spectroscopy Group and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Universidad del País Vasco CFM CSIC-UPV/EHU-MPC and DIPC, Av. Tolosa 72, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Neepa T Maitra
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Hunter College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, 695 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10065, USA
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27
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Experimental observation of the elusive double-peak structure in R-dependent strong-field ionization rate of H2(+). Sci Rep 2015; 5:13527. [PMID: 26314372 PMCID: PMC4551962 DOI: 10.1038/srep13527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
When a diatomic molecule is ionized by an intense laser field, the ionization rate depends very strongly on the inter-nuclear separation. That dependence exhibits a pronounced maximum at the inter-nuclear separation known as the “critical distance”. This phenomenon was first demonstrated theoretically in H2+ and became known as “charge-resonance enhanced ionization” (CREI, in reference to a proposed physical mechanism) or simply “enhanced ionization”(EI). All theoretical models of this phenomenon predict a double-peak structure in the R-dependent ionization rate of H2+. However, such double-peak structure has never been observed experimentally. It was even suggested that it is impossible to observe due to fast motion of the nuclear wavepackets. Here we report a few-cycle pump-probe experiment which clearly resolves that elusive double-peak structure. In the experiment, an expanding H2+ ion produced by an intense pump pulse is probed by a much weaker probe pulse. The predicted double-peak structure is clearly seen in delay-dependent kinetic energy spectra of protons when pump and probe pulses are polarized parallel to each other. No structure is seen when the probe is polarized perpendicular to the pump.
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28
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Peng P, Peng S, Hu H, Li N, Bai Y, Liu P, Xu H, Li R, Xu Z. Intensity-dependent study of strong-field Coulomb explosion of H2. OPTICS EXPRESS 2015; 23:18763-18768. [PMID: 26191936 DOI: 10.1364/oe.23.018763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate experimentally that in pump-probe experiment of H2 fragmentation by intense laser fields, the Coulomb explosion (CE) paths induced by the second ionization of dissociating H2+ show varied dependencies on the laser intensity. While the charge resonance enhanced ionization (CREI) channel is intensity dependent, the probe induced CE (PICE) channel is intensity independent at certain delay time. By using a classical model, we calculated the dissociation trajectories which agree well with the experimental data.
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29
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Gong X, Song Q, Ji Q, Pan H, Ding J, Wu J, Zeng H. Strong-field dissociative double ionization of acetylene. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 112:243001. [PMID: 24996086 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.112.243001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We investigate dissociative double ionization of acetylene, one of the smallest organic molecules yet with a rich electronic structure, in strong laser fields by measuring two fragment ions and two electrons in coincidence. The two-body fragmentation channels are dominated by the removal of electrons from the lower-lying molecular orbitals rather than from the highest occupied one. The electron localization-assisted enhanced ionization mechanism plays a central role for the strong-field deprotonation ionization of acetylene by releasing the second electron from the up-field potential well of the hydrogen site at the internuclear distance near twice the equilibrium value of the C-H bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qiying Song
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Qinying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Haifeng Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jingxin Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Heping Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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30
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Wu J, Gong X, Kunitski M, Amankona-Diawuo FK, Schmidt LPH, Jahnke T, Czasch A, Seideman T, Dörner R. Strong field multiple ionization as a route to electron dynamics in a van der Waals cluster. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2013; 111:083003. [PMID: 24010435 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.083003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We study the order in which a strong laser field removes multiple electrons from a van der Waals (vdW) cluster. The N2Ar, with an equilibrium T-shaped geometry, contains both a covalent and a vdW bond and serves as a simple yet rich example. Interestingly, the fragmenting double and triple ionizations of N2Ar with vdW bond breaking are favored when the vdW bond is aligned along the laser field polarization vector. However, the orientation of the covalent bond with respect to the laser field rules the triple ionization when both the covalent and vdW bonds are simultaneously broken. Electron-localization-assisted enhanced ionization and molecular orbital profile-dominated, orientation-dependent ionization are discussed to reveal the order of electrons release from different sites of N2Ar.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
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31
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Understanding the role of phase in chemical bond breaking with coincidence angular streaking. Nat Commun 2013; 4:2177. [DOI: 10.1038/ncomms3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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32
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Bucksbaum PH, Petrovic V. On the possibility of enhanced multiple ionization near conical intersections. Faraday Discuss 2013; 163:475-84 discussion 513-43. [DOI: 10.1039/c3fd20154f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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