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Li N, Liu YH, Wu J, Liu QG, Niu JB, Zhang Y, Fu XJ, Song J, Zhang SY. Strategies that regulate Hippo signaling pathway for novel anticancer therapeutics. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 276:116694. [PMID: 39047607 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
As a highly conserved signaling network across different species, the Hippo pathway is involved in various biological processes. Dysregulation of the Hippo pathway could lead to a wide range of diseases, particularly cancers. Extensive researches have demonstrated the close association between dysregulated Hippo signaling and tumorigenesis as well as tumor progression. Consequently, targeting the Hippo pathway has emerged as a promising strategy for cancer treatment. In fact, there has been an increasing number of reports on small molecules that target the Hippo pathway, exhibiting therapeutic potential as anticancer agents. Importantly, some of Hippo signaling pathway inhibitors have been approved for the clinical trials. In this work, we try to provide an overview of the core components and signal transduction mechanisms of the Hippo signaling pathway. Furthermore, we also analyze the relationship between Hippo signaling pathway and cancers, as well as summarize the small molecules with proven anti-tumor effects in clinical trials or reported in literatures. Additionally, we discuss the anti-tumor potency and structure-activity relationship of the small molecule compounds, providing a valuable insight for further development of anticancer agents against this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yun-He Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ji Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qiu-Ge Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jin-Bo Niu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Xiang-Jing Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Drug Discovery & Development, Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies (Ministry of Education), Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Jian Song
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Sai-Yang Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China; State Key Laboratory of Esophageal Cancer Prevention &Treatment, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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Sun J, Liu J, Hou Y, Bao J, Wang T, Liu L, Zhang Y, Zhong R, Sun Z, Ye Y, Liu J. ZFP64 drives glycolysis-mediated stem cell-like properties and tumorigenesis in breast cancer. Biol Direct 2024; 19:83. [PMID: 39294751 PMCID: PMC11409756 DOI: 10.1186/s13062-024-00533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 09/09/2024] [Indexed: 09/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer (BC) is a great clinical challenge because of its aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Zinc Finger Protein 64 (ZFP64), as a transcriptional factor, is responsible for the development and progression of cancers. This study aims to investigate whether ZFP64 regulates stem cell-like properties and tumorigenesis in BC by the glycolytic pathway. RESULTS It was demonstrated that ZFP64 was overexpressed in BC specimens compared to adjacent normal tissues, and patients with high ZFP64 expression had shorter overall survival and disease-free survival. The analysis of the association of ZFP64 expression with clinicopathological characteristics showed that high ZFP64 expression is closely associated with N stage, TNM stage, and progesterone receptor status. Knockdown of ZFP64 suppressed the viability and colony formation capacity of BC cells by CCK8 and colony formation assays. The subcutaneous xenograft models revealed that ZFP64 knockdown reduced the volume of formatted tumors, and decreased Ki67 expression in tumors. The opposite effects on cell proliferation and tumorigenesis were demonstrated by ZFP64 overexpression. Furthermore, we suggested that the stem cell-like properties of BC cells were inhibited by ZFP64 depletion, as evidenced by the decreased size and number of formatted mammospheres, the downregulated expressions of OCT4, Nanog, and SOX2 proteins, as well as the reduced proportion of CD44+/CD24- subpopulations. Mechanistically, glycolysis was revealed to mediate the effect of ZFP64 using mRNA-seq analysis. Results showed that ZFP64 knockdown blocked the glycolytic process, as indicated by decreasing glycolytic metabolites, inhibiting glucose consumption, and reducing lactate and ATP production. As a transcription factor, we identified that ZFP64 was directly bound to the promoters of glycolysis-related genes (ALDOC, ENO2, HK2, and SPAG4), and induced the transcription of these genes by ChIP and dual-luciferase reporter assays. Blocking the glycolytic pathway by the inhibition of glycolytic enzymes ENO2/HK2 suppressed the high proliferation and stem cell-like properties of BC cells induced by ZFP64 overexpression. CONCLUSIONS These data support that ZFP64 promotes stem cell-like properties and tumorigenesis of BC by activating glycolysis in a transcriptional mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Sun
- Department of Thyroid Breast Surgery, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinquan Liu
- Shanxi Datong University, Datong, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yudong Hou
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianheng Bao
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Teng Wang
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Longbi Liu
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Zhong
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenxuan Sun
- Graduate School, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Ye
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jintao Liu
- Hainan Women and Children's Medical Center, Haikou, Hainan, People's Republic of China.
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Sundar R, Chia DKA, Zhao JJ, Lee ARYB, Kim G, Tan HL, Pang A, Shabbir A, Willaert W, Ma H, Huang KK, Hagihara T, Tan ALK, Ong CAJ, Wong JSM, Seo CJ, Walsh R, Chan G, Cheo SW, Soh CCC, Callebout E, Geboes K, Ng MCH, Lum JHY, Leow WQ, Selvarajan S, Hoorens A, Ang WH, Pang H, Tan P, Yong WP, Chia CSL, Ceelen W, So JBY. Phase I PIANO trial-PIPAC-oxaliplatin and systemic nivolumab combination for gastric cancer peritoneal metastases: clinical and translational outcomes. ESMO Open 2024; 9:103681. [PMID: 39288528 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2024.103681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pressurized intraperitoneal aerosol chemotherapy-oxaliplatin (PIPAC-OX) induces direct DNA damage and immunogenic cell death in patients with gastric cancer peritoneal metastases (GCPM). Combining PIPAC-OX with immune checkpoint inhibition remains untested. We conducted a phase I first-in-human trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of PIPAC-OX combined with systemic nivolumab (NCT03172416). METHODS Patients with GCPM who experienced disease progression on at least first-line systemic therapy were recruited across three centers in Singapore and Belgium. Patients received PIPAC-OX at 90 mg/m2 every 6 weeks and i.v. nivolumab 240 mg every 2 weeks. Translational studies were carried out on GCPM samples acquired during PIPAC-OX procedures. RESULTS In total, 18 patients with GCPM were prospectively recruited. The PIPAC-OX and nivolumab combination was well tolerated with manageable treatment-related adverse events, although one patient suffered from grade 4 vomiting. At second and third PIPAC-OX, respectively, the median decrease in peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was -5 (interquartile range: -12 to +1) and -7 (interquartile range: -6 to -20) and peritoneal regression grade 1 or 2 was observed in 66.7% (6/9) and 100% (3/3). Translational analyses of 43 GCPM samples revealed enrichment of immune/stromal infiltration and inflammatory signatures in peritoneal tumors after PIPAC-OX and nivolumab. M2 macrophages were reduced in treated peritoneal tumor samples while memory CD4+, CD8+ central memory and naive CD8+ T-cells were increased. CONCLUSIONS The first-in-human trial combining PIPAC-OX and nivolumab demonstrated safety and tolerability, coupled with enhanced T-cell infiltration within peritoneal tumors. This trial sets the stage for future combinations of systemic immunotherapy with locoregional intraperitoneal treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sundar
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore; Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; The N.1 Institute for Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore.
| | - D K A Chia
- Division of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - J J Zhao
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore; Department of Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A R Y B Lee
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - G Kim
- Division of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - H L Tan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - A Pang
- Division of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - A Shabbir
- Division of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - W Willaert
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - H Ma
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - K K Huang
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - T Hagihara
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - A L K Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - C-A J Ong
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore; Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumors (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - J S M Wong
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumors (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - C J Seo
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumors (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - R Walsh
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - G Chan
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - S W Cheo
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore
| | - C C C Soh
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - E Callebout
- Department of Digestive Oncology, Gastroenterology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - K Geboes
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M C H Ng
- Division of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Centre, Singapore; Duke NUS Medical School, Singapore
| | - J H Y Lum
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - W Q Leow
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - S Selvarajan
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Hoorens
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - W H Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - H Pang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - P Tan
- Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Program, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| | - W P Yong
- Department of Haematology-Oncology, National University Cancer Institute, Singapore; Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore
| | - C S L Chia
- Department of Sarcoma, Peritoneal and Rare Tumors (SPRinT), Division of Surgery and Surgical Oncology, National Cancer Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - W Ceelen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J B Y So
- Singapore Gastric Cancer Consortium, Singapore; Division of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, National University Hospital, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Division of Surgical Oncology, National University Cancer Institute of Singapore (NCIS), Singapore, Singapore.
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Krishna S, Prajapati B, Seth P, Sinha S. LncRNA BASP1-AS1 is a positive regulator of stemness and pluripotency in human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150691. [PMID: 39303525 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/03/2024] [Accepted: 09/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Neuroblastoma is the most common extra-cranial solid tumor diagnosed mostly in children below the age of five years and comprises of about 15 % of all paediatric cancer deaths. Tumor initiating cancer stem cells (CSCs) can be targeted for better treatment approaches. BASP1-AS1 is a long non coding (Lnc) RNA that is a divergent LncRNA for its coding gene brain abundant membrane attached signal protein 1 (BASP1). We had earlier demonstrated it to be expressed in foetus derived human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs), where it was a positive regulator of BASP1 and was critical for neural differentiation. In this study, we have investigated the role of BASP1-AS1 in CSCs derived from the human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y. We cultured SH-SY5Y cells on Poly-d-Lysine coated flasks in serum free media supplemented with growth factors, which led to the enrichment of CSCs as determined by marker expression. When grown on ultra-low attachment flasks, these cells formed CSCs enriched neurospheres. We examined the effects of BASP1-AS1 siRNA mediated knockdown on CSCs enriched SH-SY5Y cells and SH-SY5Y derived neurospheres. BASP1-AS1 knockdown decreased the levels of the corresponding gene BASP1 and the rate of cell proliferation of CSCs enriched cells along with low expression of Ki67. It also reduced the mRNA levels of stem cell and pluripotency gene markers (CD133, CD44, c-KIT, SOX2, OCT4 and NANOG), as also Wnt 2 and the Wnt pathway effector β catenin. It also abrogated the formation of neurospheres in ultra-low attachment flasks. A similar effect on proliferation and stemness related properties was seen on BASP1 knockdown. BASP1-AS1 and its related pathways may provide a point of intervention for the CSCs population in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bharat Prajapati
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram, India; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Biomedicine, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pankaj Seth
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram, India.
| | - Subrata Sinha
- National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.
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5
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Fumagalli SE, Smith S, Ghazanchyan T, Meyer D, Paul R, Campbell C, Santana-Quintero L, Golikov A, Ibla J, Bar H, Komar AA, Hunt RC, Lin B, DiCuccio M, Kimchi-Sarfaty C. Mouse embryo CoCoPUTs: novel murine transcriptomic-weighted usage website featuring multiple strains, tissues, and stages. BMC Bioinformatics 2024; 25:294. [PMID: 39242990 PMCID: PMC11380194 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-024-05906-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Mouse (Mus musculus) models have been heavily utilized in developmental biology research to understand mammalian embryonic development, as mice share many genetic, physiological, and developmental characteristics with humans. New explorations into the integration of temporal (stage-specific) and transcriptional (tissue-specific) data have expanded our knowledge of mouse embryo tissue-specific gene functions. To better understand the substantial impact of synonymous mutational variations in the cell-state-specific transcriptome on a tissue's codon and codon pair usage landscape, we have established a novel resource-Mouse Embryo Codon and Codon Pair Usage Tables (Mouse Embryo CoCoPUTs). This webpage not only offers codon and codon pair usage, but also GC, dinucleotide, and junction dinucleotide usage, encompassing four strains, 15 murine embryonic tissue groups, 18 Theiler stages, and 26 embryonic days. Here, we leverage Mouse Embryo CoCoPUTs and employ the use of heatmaps to depict usage changes over time and a comparison to human usage for each strain and embryonic time point, highlighting unique differences and similarities. The usage similarities found between mouse and human central nervous system data highlight the translation for projects leveraging mouse models. Data for this analysis can be directly retrieved from Mouse Embryo CoCoPUTs. This cutting-edge resource plays a crucial role in deciphering the complex interplay between usage patterns and embryonic development, offering valuable insights into variation across diverse tissues, strains, and stages. Its applications extend across multiple domains, with notable advantages for biotherapeutic development, where optimizing codon usage can enhance protein expression; one can compare strains, tissues, and mouse embryonic stages in one query. Additionally, Mouse Embryo CoCoPUTs holds great potential in the field of tissue-specific genetic engineering, providing insights for tailoring gene expression to specific tissues for targeted interventions. Furthermore, this resource may enhance our understanding of the nuanced connections between usage biases and tissue-specific gene function, contributing to the development of more accurate predictive models for genetic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Fumagalli
- Hemostasis Branch 1, Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sean Smith
- High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment (HIVE), Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance (OBPV), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Tigran Ghazanchyan
- High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment (HIVE), Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance (OBPV), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Douglas Meyer
- Hemostasis Branch 1, Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Rahul Paul
- High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment (HIVE), Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance (OBPV), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Collin Campbell
- High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment (HIVE), Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance (OBPV), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Luis Santana-Quintero
- High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment (HIVE), Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance (OBPV), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Anton Golikov
- High-performance Integrated Virtual Environment (HIVE), Office of Biostatistics and Pharmacovigilance (OBPV), Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Juan Ibla
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Haim Bar
- Department of Statistics, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Anton A Komar
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Ryan C Hunt
- Hemostasis Branch 1, Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Brian Lin
- Hemostasis Branch 1, Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | | | - Chava Kimchi-Sarfaty
- Hemostasis Branch 1, Division of Hemostasis, Office of Plasma Protein Therapeutics CMC, Office of Therapeutic Products, Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research (CBER), US Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Silver Spring, MD, USA.
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Vojnits K, Feng Z, Johnson P, Porras D, Manocha E, Vandersluis S, Pfammatter S, Thibault P, Bhatia M. Targeting of human cancer stem cells predicts efficacy and toxicity of FDA-approved oncology drugs. Cancer Lett 2024; 599:217108. [PMID: 38986735 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2024.217108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Cancer remains the leading cause of death worldwide with approved oncology drugs continuing to have heterogenous patient responses and accompanied adverse effects (AEs) that limits effectiveness. Here, we examined >100 FDA-approved oncology drugs in the context of stemness using a surrogate model of transformed human pluripotent cancer stem cells (CSCs) vs. healthy stem cells (hSCs) capable of distinguishing abnormal self-renewal and differentiation. Although a proportion of these drugs had no effects (inactive), a larger portion affected CSCs (active), and a unique subset preferentially affected CSCs over hSCs (selective). Single cell gene expression and protein profiling of each drug's FDA recognized target provided a molecular correlation of responses in CSCs vs. hSCs. Uniquely, drugs selective for CSCs demonstrated clinical efficacy, measured by overall survival, and reduced AEs. Our findings reveal that while unintentional, half of anticancer drugs are active against CSCs and associated with improved clinical outcomes. Based on these findings, we suggest ability to target CSC targeting should be included as a property of early onco-therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Vojnits
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zhuohang Feng
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Paige Johnson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Deanna Porras
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Ekta Manocha
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sean Vandersluis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Sibylle Pfammatter
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Pierre Thibault
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Research in Immunology and Cancer (IRIC), University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mick Bhatia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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7
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Park Y, Jeong EM. Glutathione Dynamics in the Tumor Microenvironment: A Potential Target of Cancer Stem Cells and T Cells. Int J Stem Cells 2024; 17:270-283. [PMID: 38919125 PMCID: PMC11361844 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc24060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH), the main cellular antioxidant, dynamically influences tumor growth, metastasis, and resistance to therapy in the tumor microenvironment (TME), which comprises cancer cells, immune cells, stromal cells, and non-cellular components, including the extracellular matrix, metabolites, hypoxia, and acidity. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) and T cells are minor but significant cell subsets of the TME. GSH dynamics influences the fate of CSCs and T cells. Here, we explored GSH dynamics in CSCs and T cells within the TME, as well as therapeutic approaches that could target these dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngjun Park
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
| | - Eui Man Jeong
- Jeju Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Jeju National University, Jeju, Korea
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8
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Lee SY, Hwang G, Choi M, Jo CH, Oh SJ, Jin YB, Lee WJ, Rho GJ, Lee HC, Lee SL, Hwang TS. Histological and Molecular Biological Changes in Canine Skin Following Acute Radiation Therapy-Induced Skin Injury. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:2505. [PMID: 39272290 PMCID: PMC11394491 DOI: 10.3390/ani14172505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Revised: 08/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is a crucial cancer treatment, but it can damage healthy tissues, leading to side effects like skin injuries and molecular alterations. This study aimed to elucidate histological and molecular changes in canine skin post-radiation therapy (post-RT) over nine weeks, focusing on inflammation, stem cell activity, angiogenesis, keratinocyte regeneration, and apoptosis. Four male beagles received a cumulative radiation dose of 48 Gy, followed by clinical observations, histological examinations, and an RT-qPCR analysis of skin biopsies. Histological changes correlated with clinical recovery from inflammation. A post-RT analysis revealed a notable decrease in the mRNA levels of Oct4, Sox2, and Nanog from weeks 1 to 9. VEGF 188 levels initially saw a slight increase at week 1, but they had significantly declined by week 9. Both mRNA and protein levels of COX-2 and Keratin 10 significantly decreased over the 9 weeks following RT, although COX-2 expression surged in the first 2 weeks, and Keratin 10 levels increased at weeks 4 to 5 compared to normal skin. Apoptosis peaked at 2 weeks and diminished, nearing normal by 9 weeks. These findings offer insights into the mechanisms of radiation-induced skin injury and provide guidance for managing side effects in canine radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Gunha Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonyeong Choi
- Yangsan S Animal Cancer Center, Yangsan 50638, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Hee Jo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong-Ju Oh
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeung Bae Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Jae Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyu-Jin Rho
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee Chun Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Lim Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Sung Hwang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- Institute of Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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9
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Patel AA, Kim H, Ramesh R, Marquez A, Faraj MM, Antikainen H, Lee AS, Torres A, Khawaja IM, Heffernan C, Bonder EM, Maurel P, Svaren J, Son YJ, Dobrowolski R, Kim HA. TFEB/3 Govern Repair Schwann Cell Generation and Function Following Peripheral Nerve Injury. J Neurosci 2024; 44:e0198242024. [PMID: 39054068 PMCID: PMC11358533 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0198-24.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024] Open
Abstract
TFEB and TFE3 (TFEB/3), key regulators of lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy, play diverse roles depending on cell type. This study highlights a hitherto unrecognized role of TFEB/3 crucial for peripheral nerve repair. Specifically, they promote the generation of progenitor-like repair Schwann cells after axonal injury. In Schwann cell-specific TFEB/3 double knock-out mice of either sex, the TFEB/3 loss disrupts the transcriptomic reprogramming that is essential for the formation of repair Schwann cells. Consequently, mutant mice fail to populate the injured nerve with repair Schwann cells and exhibit defects in axon regrowth, target reinnervation, and functional recovery. TFEB/3 deficiency inhibits the expression of injury-responsive repair Schwann cell genes, despite the continued expression of c-jun, a previously identified regulator of repair Schwann cell function. TFEB/3 binding motifs are enriched in the enhancer regions of injury-responsive genes, suggesting their role in repair gene activation. Autophagy-dependent myelin breakdown is not impaired despite TFEB/3 deficiency. These findings underscore a unique role of TFEB/3 in adult Schwann cells that is required for proper peripheral nerve regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akash A Patel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Hyukmin Kim
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Department of Neural Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Raghu Ramesh
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
| | - Anthony Marquez
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Moler M Faraj
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Henri Antikainen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Andrew S Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Adriana Torres
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Imran M Khawaja
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Corey Heffernan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Edward M Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Patrice Maurel
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - John Svaren
- Waisman Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705
| | - Young-Jin Son
- Shriners Hospitals Pediatric Research Center and Department of Neural Science, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19140
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
| | - Haesun A Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey 07102
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10
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Sato S, Rancourt A, Satoh MS. Cell fate simulation reveals cancer cell features in the tumor microenvironment. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:107697. [PMID: 39173950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.107697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/24/2024] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the dynamic evolution of cancer cell characteristics within the tumor microenvironment (TME), we developed an integrative approach combining single-cell tracking, cell fate simulation, and 3D TME modeling. We began our investigation by analyzing the spatiotemporal behavior of individual cancer cells in cultured pancreatic (MiaPaCa2) and cervical (HeLa) cancer cell lines, with a focus on the α2-6 sialic acid (α2-6Sia) modification on glycans, which is associated with cell stemness. Our findings revealed that MiaPaCa2 cells exhibited significantly higher levels of α2-6Sia modification, correlating with enhanced reproductive capabilities, whereas HeLa cells showed less prevalence of this modification. To accommodate the in vivo variability of α2-6Sia levels, we employed a cell fate simulation algorithm that digitally generates cell populations based on our observed data while varying the level of sialylation, thereby simulating cell growth patterns. Subsequently, we performed a 3D TME simulation with these deduced cell populations, considering the microenvironment that could impact cancer cell growth. Immune cell landscape information derived from 193 cervical and 172 pancreatic cancer cases was used to estimate the degree of the positive or negative impact. Our analysis suggests that the deduced cells generated based on the characteristics of MiaPaCa2 cells are less influenced by the immune cell landscape within the TME compared to those of HeLa cells, highlighting that the fate of cancer cells is shaped by both the surrounding immune landscape and the intrinsic characteristics of the cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Sato
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory of Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Axe of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Research Centre of CHU de Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ann Rancourt
- Glycobiology and Bioimaging Laboratory of Research Center for Infectious Diseases and Axe of Infectious and Immunological Diseases, Research Centre of CHU de Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada; Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and Bioimaging, Research Centre of CHU de Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada
| | - Masahiko S Satoh
- Laboratory of DNA Damage Responses and Bioimaging, Research Centre of CHU de Quebec, Faculty of Medicine, Laval University, Quebec, Canada.
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11
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Şenbabaoğlu Y, Prabhakar V, Khormali A, Eastham J, Liu E, Warner E, Nabet B, Srivastava M, Ballinger M, Liu K. MOSBY enables multi-omic inference and spatial biomarker discovery from whole slide images. Sci Rep 2024; 14:18271. [PMID: 39107505 PMCID: PMC11303705 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-69198-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The utility of deep neural nets has been demonstrated for mapping hematoxylin-and-eosin (H&E) stained image features to expression of individual genes. However, these models have not been employed to discover clinically relevant spatial biomarkers. Here we develop MOSBY (Multi-Omic translation of whole slide images for Spatial Biomarker discoverY) that leverages contrastive self-supervised pretraining to extract improved H&E whole slide images features, learns a mapping between image and bulk omic profiles (RNA, DNA, and protein), and utilizes tile-level information to discover spatial biomarkers. We validate MOSBY gene and gene set predictions with spatial transcriptomic and serially-sectioned CD8 IHC image data. We demonstrate that MOSBY-inferred colocalization features have survival-predictive power orthogonal to gene expression, and enable concordance indices highly competitive with survival-trained multimodal networks. We identify and validate (1) an ER stress-associated colocalization feature as a chemotherapy-specific risk factor in lung adenocarcinoma, and (2) the colocalization of T effector cell vs cysteine signatures as a negative prognostic factor in multiple cancer indications. The discovery of clinically relevant biologically interpretable spatial biomarkers showcases the utility of the model in unraveling novel insights in cancer biology as well as informing clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeff Eastham
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Evan Liu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Elisa Warner
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Barzin Nabet
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Kai Liu
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA.
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12
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Cheng YC, Zhang Y, Tripathi S, Harshavardhan BV, Jolly MK, Schiebinger G, Levine H, McDonald TO, Michor F. Reconstruction of single-cell lineage trajectories and identification of diversity in fates during the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2406842121. [PMID: 39093947 PMCID: PMC11317558 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2406842121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Exploring the complexity of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) unveils a diversity of potential cell fates; however, the exact timing and mechanisms by which early cell states diverge into distinct EMT trajectories remain unclear. Studying these EMT trajectories through single-cell RNA sequencing is challenging due to the necessity of sacrificing cells for each measurement. In this study, we employed optimal-transport analysis to reconstruct the past trajectories of different cell fates during TGF-beta-induced EMT in the MCF10A cell line. Our analysis revealed three distinct trajectories leading to low EMT, partial EMT, and high EMT states. Cells along the partial EMT trajectory showed substantial variations in the EMT signature and exhibited pronounced stemness. Throughout this EMT trajectory, we observed a consistent downregulation of the EED and EZH2 genes. This finding was validated by recent inhibitor screens of EMT regulators and CRISPR screen studies. Moreover, we applied our analysis of early-phase differential gene expression to gene sets associated with stemness and proliferation, pinpointing ITGB4, LAMA3, and LAMB3 as genes differentially expressed in the initial stages of the partial versus high EMT trajectories. We also found that CENPF, CKS1B, and MKI67 showed significant upregulation in the high EMT trajectory. While the first group of genes aligns with findings from previous studies, our work uniquely pinpoints the precise timing of these upregulations. Finally, the identification of the latter group of genes sheds light on potential cell cycle targets for modulating EMT trajectories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Cheng
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02215
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Yun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing100021, China
| | - Shubham Tripathi
- Yale Center for Systems and Engineering Immunology and Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT06510
| | - B. V. Harshavardhan
- Interdisciplinary Mathematics Initiative, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Mohit Kumar Jolly
- Centre for BioSystems Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore560012, India
| | - Geoffrey Schiebinger
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BCV6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Herbert Levine
- Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA02115
| | - Thomas O. McDonald
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02215
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
| | - Franziska Michor
- Department of Data Science, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA02215
- Center for Cancer Evolution, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA02215
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA02138
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA02138
- The Ludwig Center at Harvard, Boston, MA02115
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13
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Chokshi CR, Shaikh MV, Brakel B, Rossotti MA, Tieu D, Maich W, Anand A, Chafe SC, Zhai K, Suk Y, Kieliszek AM, Miletic P, Mikolajewicz N, Chen D, McNicol JD, Chan K, Tong AHY, Kuhlmann L, Liu L, Alizada Z, Mobilio D, Tatari N, Savage N, Aghaei N, Grewal S, Puri A, Subapanditha M, McKenna D, Ignatchenko V, Salamoun JM, Kwiecien JM, Wipf P, Sharlow ER, Provias JP, Lu JQ, Lazo JS, Kislinger T, Lu Y, Brown KR, Venugopal C, Henry KA, Moffat J, Singh SK. Targeting axonal guidance dependencies in glioblastoma with ROBO1 CAR T cells. Nat Med 2024:10.1038/s41591-024-03138-9. [PMID: 39095594 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-024-03138-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024]
Abstract
Resistance to genotoxic therapies and tumor recurrence are hallmarks of glioblastoma (GBM), an aggressive brain tumor. In this study, we investigated functional drivers of post-treatment recurrent GBM through integrative genomic analyses, genome-wide genetic perturbation screens in patient-derived GBM models and independent lines of validation. Specific genetic dependencies were found consistent across recurrent tumor models, accompanied by increased mutational burden and differential transcript and protein expression compared to its primary GBM predecessor. Our observations suggest a multi-layered genetic response to drive tumor recurrence and implicate PTP4A2 (protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A2) as a modulator of self-renewal, proliferation and tumorigenicity in recurrent GBM. Genetic perturbation or small-molecule inhibition of PTP4A2 acts through a dephosphorylation axis with roundabout guidance receptor 1 (ROBO1) and its downstream molecular players, exploiting a functional dependency on ROBO signaling. Because a pan-PTP4A inhibitor was limited by poor penetrance across the blood-brain barrier in vivo, we engineered a second-generation chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy against ROBO1, a cell surface receptor enriched across recurrent GBM specimens. A single dose of ROBO1-targeted CAR T cells doubled median survival in cell-line-derived xenograft (CDX) models of recurrent GBM. Moreover, in CDX models of adult lung-to-brain metastases and pediatric relapsed medulloblastoma, ROBO1 CAR T cells eradicated tumors in 50-100% of mice. Our study identifies a promising multi-targetable PTP4A-ROBO1 signaling axis that drives tumorigenicity in recurrent GBM, with potential in other malignant brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirayu R Chokshi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Muhammad Vaseem Shaikh
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Benjamin Brakel
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Martin A Rossotti
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - David Tieu
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - William Maich
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Alisha Anand
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn C Chafe
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kui Zhai
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yujin Suk
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Agata M Kieliszek
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Petar Miletic
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nicholas Mikolajewicz
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David Chen
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jamie D McNicol
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Katherine Chan
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy H Y Tong
- Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Kuhlmann
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Zahra Alizada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Daniel Mobilio
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nazanin Tatari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Neil Savage
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nikoo Aghaei
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Shan Grewal
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anish Puri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Dillon McKenna
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | | | - Joseph M Salamoun
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jacek M Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Peter Wipf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Sharlow
- Department of Pharmacology, Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - John P Provias
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Jian-Qiang Lu
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - John S Lazo
- Department of Pharmacology, Fiske Drug Discovery Laboratory, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Kislinger
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yu Lu
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin R Brown
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chitra Venugopal
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin A Henry
- Human Health Therapeutics Research Centre, Life Sciences Division, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jason Moffat
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Program for Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Sheila K Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.
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14
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Miao H, Chen D, Ropa J, Purohit T, Kim E, Sulis ML, Ferrando A, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J. Combination of menin and kinase inhibitors as an effective treatment for leukemia with NUP98 translocations. Leukemia 2024; 38:1674-1687. [PMID: 38890447 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-024-02312-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 06/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024]
Abstract
Chromosomal translocations of the nucleoporin 98 (NUP98) gene are found in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients leading to very poor outcomes. The oncogenic activity of NUP98 fusion proteins is dependent on the interaction between Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1 and menin. NUP98-rearranged (NUP98-r) leukemia cells also rely on specific kinases, including CDK6 and/or FLT3, suggesting that simultaneous targeting of these kinases and menin could overcome limited sensitivity to single agents. Here, we found that combinations of menin inhibitor, MI-3454, with kinase inhibitors targeting either CDK6 (Palbociclib) or FLT3 (Gilteritinib) strongly enhance the anti-leukemic effect of menin inhibition in NUP98-r leukemia models. We found strong synergistic effects of both combinations on cell growth, colony formation and differentiation in patient samples with NUP98 translocations. These combinations also markedly augmented anti-leukemic efficacy of menin inhibitor in Patient Derived Xenograft models of NUP98-r leukemia. Despite inhibiting two unrelated kinases, when Palbociclib or Gilteritinib were combined with the menin inhibitor, they affected similar pathways relevant to leukemogenesis, including cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation and differentiation. This study provides strong rationale for clinical translation of the combination of menin and kinase inhibitors as novel treatments for NUP98-r leukemia, supporting the unexplored combinations of epigenetic drugs with kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhi Miao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - James Ropa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University, School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Trupta Purohit
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - EunGi Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Maria-Luisa Sulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, 10032, USA
- Regeneron Genetics Center, Tarrytown, NY, 10591, USA
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
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15
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Goleij P, Pourali G, Raisi A, Ravaei F, Golestan S, Abed A, Razavi ZS, Zarepour F, Taghavi SP, Ahmadi Asouri S, Rafiei M, Mousavi SM, Hamblin MR, Talei S, Sheida A, Mirzaei H. Role of Non-coding RNAs in the Response of Glioblastoma to Temozolomide. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04316-z. [PMID: 39023794 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04316-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are widely used in clinical practice across the globe as cancer treatments. Intrinsic or acquired chemoresistance poses a significant problem for medical practitioners and researchers, causing tumor recurrence and metastasis. The most dangerous kind of malignant brain tumor is called glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) that often recurs following surgery. The most often used medication for treating GBM is temozolomide chemotherapy; however, most patients eventually become resistant. Researchers are studying preclinical models that accurately reflect human disease and can be used to speed up drug development to overcome chemoresistance in GBM. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to be substantial in regulating tumor development and facilitating treatment resistance in several cancers, such as GBM. In this work, we mentioned the mechanisms of how different ncRNAs (microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, circular RNAs) can regulate temozolomide chemosensitivity in GBM. We also address the role of these ncRNAs encapsulated inside secreted exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pouya Goleij
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
- USERN Office, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Pourali
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Arash Raisi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ravaei
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Shahin Golestan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atena Abed
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Zahra Sadat Razavi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Zarepour
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Pouya Taghavi
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Sahar Ahmadi Asouri
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Moein Rafiei
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mojtaba Mousavi
- Department of Neuroscience and Addiction Studies, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg, Doornfontein, 2028, South Africa
| | - Sahand Talei
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Amirhossein Sheida
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- School of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran.
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16
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Maciejewski K, Giers M, Oleksiewicz U, Czerwinska P. The Epigenetic Modifiers HDAC2 and HDAC7 Inversely Associate with Cancer Stemness and Immunity in Solid Tumors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7841. [PMID: 39063083 PMCID: PMC11277355 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25147841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2024] [Revised: 07/07/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dysregulation of histone deacetylases (HDACs) is closely associated with cancer development and progression. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the association between all HDAC family members and several clinicopathological and molecular traits of solid tumors across 22 distinct tumor types, focusing primarily on cancer stemness and immunity. To this end, we used publicly available TCGA data and several bioinformatic tools (i.e., GEPIA2, TISIDB, GSCA, Enrichr, GSEA). Our analyses revealed that class I and class II HDAC proteins are associated with distinct cancer phenotypes. The transcriptomic profiling indicated that class I HDAC members, including HDAC2, are positively associated with cancer stemness, while class IIA HDAC proteins, represented by HDAC7, show a negative correlation to cancer stem cell-like phenotypes in solid tumors. In contrast to tumors with high amounts of HDAC7 proteins, the transcriptome signatures of HDAC2-overexpressing cancers are significantly enriched with biological terms previously determined as stemness-associated genes. Moreover, high HDAC2-expressing tumors are depleted with immune-related processes, and HDAC2 expression correlates with tumor immunosuppressive microenvironments. On the contrary, HDAC7 upregulation is significantly associated with enhanced immune responses, followed by enriched infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells. This is the first comprehensive report demonstrating robust and versatile associations between specific HDAC family members, cancer dedifferentiation, and anti-tumor immune statuses in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kacper Maciejewski
- Undergraduate Research Group “Biobase”, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (K.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Marek Giers
- Undergraduate Research Group “Biobase”, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (K.M.); (M.G.)
| | - Urszula Oleksiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Czerwinska
- Undergraduate Research Group “Biobase”, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznan, Poland; (K.M.); (M.G.)
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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17
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Murray JE, Valli E, Milazzo G, Mayoh C, Gifford AJ, Fletcher JI, Xue C, Jayatilleke N, Salehzadeh F, Gamble LD, Rouaen JRC, Carter DR, Forgham H, Sekyere EO, Keating J, Eden G, Allan S, Alfred S, Kusuma FK, Clark A, Webber H, Russell AJ, de Weck A, Kile BT, Santulli M, De Rosa P, Fleuren EDG, Gao W, Wilkinson-White L, Low JKK, Mackay JP, Marshall GM, Hilton DJ, Giorgi FM, Koster J, Perini G, Haber M, Norris MD. The transcriptional co-repressor Runx1t1 is essential for MYCN-driven neuroblastoma tumorigenesis. Nat Commun 2024; 15:5585. [PMID: 38992040 PMCID: PMC11239676 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49871-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/13/2024] Open
Abstract
MYCN oncogene amplification is frequently observed in aggressive childhood neuroblastoma. Using an unbiased large-scale mutagenesis screen in neuroblastoma-prone transgenic mice, we identify a single germline point mutation in the transcriptional corepressor Runx1t1, which abolishes MYCN-driven tumorigenesis. This loss-of-function mutation disrupts a highly conserved zinc finger domain within Runx1t1. Deletion of one Runx1t1 allele in an independent Runx1t1 knockout mouse model is also sufficient to prevent MYCN-driven neuroblastoma development, and reverse ganglia hyperplasia, a known pre-requisite for tumorigenesis. Silencing RUNX1T1 in human neuroblastoma cells decreases colony formation in vitro, and inhibits tumor growth in vivo. Moreover, RUNX1T1 knockdown inhibits the viability of PAX3-FOXO1 fusion-driven rhabdomyosarcoma and MYC-driven small cell lung cancer cells. Despite the role of Runx1t1 in MYCN-driven tumorigenesis neither gene directly regulates the other. We show RUNX1T1 forms part of a transcriptional LSD1-CoREST3-HDAC repressive complex recruited by HAND2 to enhancer regions to regulate chromatin accessibility and cell-fate pathway genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayne E Murray
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emanuele Valli
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Giorgio Milazzo
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Chelsea Mayoh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew J Gifford
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Anatomical Pathology, NSW Health Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Chengyuan Xue
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Nisitha Jayatilleke
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Firoozeh Salehzadeh
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Laura D Gamble
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Jourdin R C Rouaen
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Daniel R Carter
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, NSW, Australia
| | - Helen Forgham
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Eric O Sekyere
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Joanna Keating
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Georgina Eden
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Sophie Allan
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Stephanie Alfred
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Frances K Kusuma
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Ashleigh Clark
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Hannah Webber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Amanda J Russell
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Antoine de Weck
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Benjamin T Kile
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Martina Santulli
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Piergiuseppe De Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Emmy D G Fleuren
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Weiman Gao
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
| | - Lorna Wilkinson-White
- Sydney Analytical Core Research Facility, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jason K K Low
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joel P Mackay
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenn M Marshall
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
| | - Douglas J Hilton
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Federico M Giorgi
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Jan Koster
- Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Giovanni Perini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Michelle Haber
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Murray D Norris
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Centre, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, 2031, Australia.
- UNSW Centre for Childhood Cancer Research, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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18
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Guyon J, Haidar Ahmad S, El Baba R, Le Quang M, Bikfalvi A, Daubon T, Herbein G. Generation of glioblastoma in mice engrafted with human cytomegalovirus-infected astrocytes. Cancer Gene Ther 2024; 31:1070-1080. [PMID: 38553638 PMCID: PMC11257955 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-024-00767-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Mounting evidence is identifying human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) as a potential oncogenic virus. HCMV has been detected in glioblastoma multiforme (GB). Herewith, we present the first experimental evidence for the generation of CMV-Elicited Glioblastoma Cells (CEGBCs) possessing glioblastoma-like traits that lead to the formation of glioblastoma in orthotopically xenografted mice. In addition to the already reported oncogenic HCMV-DB strain, we isolated three HCMV clinical strains from GB tissues that transformed HAs toward CEGBCs and generated spheroids from CEGBCs that resulted in the appearance of glioblastoma-like tumors in xenografted mice. These tumors were nestin-positive mostly in the invasive part surrounded by GFAP-positive reactive astrocytes. The glioblastoma immunohistochemistry phenotype was confirmed by EGFR and cMet gene amplification in the tumor parallel to the detection of HCMV IE and UL69 genes and proteins. Our results fit with an HCMV-induced glioblastoma model of oncogenesis in vivo which will open the door to new therapeutic approaches and assess the anti-HCMV treatment as well as immunotherapy in fighting GB which is characterized by poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joris Guyon
- University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1312, BRIC, Bordeaux, France
- CHU Bordeaux, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Bordeaux, France
| | - Sandy Haidar Ahmad
- University of Franche-Comté, Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA 4266, Besançon, France
| | - Ranim El Baba
- University of Franche-Comté, Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA 4266, Besançon, France
| | - Mégane Le Quang
- Pathology Department, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Thomas Daubon
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, IBGC UMR5095, Bordeaux, France
| | - Georges Herbein
- University of Franche-Comté, Pathogens & Inflammation/EPILAB Laboratory, EA 4266, Besançon, France.
- CHU Besançon, Department of Virology, Besançon, France.
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19
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Bhattacharya A, Wang K, Penailillo J, Chan CN, Fushimi A, Yamashita N, Daimon T, Haratake N, Ozawa H, Nakashoji A, Shigeta K, Morimoto Y, Miyo M, Kufe DW. MUC1-C regulates NEAT1 lncRNA expression and paraspeckle formation in cancer progression. Oncogene 2024; 43:2199-2214. [PMID: 38802648 PMCID: PMC11226401 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-024-03068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The MUC1 gene evolved in mammals for adaptation of barrier tissues in response to infections and damage. Paraspeckles are nuclear bodies formed on the NEAT1 lncRNA in response to loss of homeostasis. There is no known intersection of MUC1 with NEAT1 or paraspeckles. Here, we demonstrate that the MUC1-C subunit plays an essential role in regulating NEAT1 expression. MUC1-C activates the NEAT1 gene with induction of the NEAT1_1 and NEAT1_2 isoforms by NF-κB- and MYC-mediated mechanisms. MUC1-C/MYC signaling also induces expression of the SFPQ, NONO and FUS RNA binding proteins (RBPs) that associate with NEAT1_2 and are necessary for paraspeckle formation. MUC1-C integrates activation of NEAT1 and RBP-encoding genes by recruiting the PBAF chromatin remodeling complex and increasing chromatin accessibility of their respective regulatory regions. We further demonstrate that MUC1-C and NEAT1 form an auto-inductive pathway that drives common sets of genes conferring responses to inflammation and loss of homeostasis. Of functional significance, we find that the MUC1-C/NEAT1 pathway is of importance for the cancer stem cell (CSC) state and anti-cancer drug resistance. These findings identify a previously unrecognized role for MUC1-C in the regulation of NEAT1, RBPs, and paraspeckles that has been co-opted in promoting cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Keyi Wang
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Johany Penailillo
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chi Ngai Chan
- Tissue Technologies Unit, Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Atsushi Fushimi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nami Yamashita
- Breast Surgical Oncology, Breast Oncology Center, The Cancer Institute Hospital of the JFCR, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuaki Daimon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naoki Haratake
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hiroki Ozawa
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ayako Nakashoji
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keisuke Shigeta
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Morimoto
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaaki Miyo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Donald W Kufe
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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20
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Kim B, Zhang S, Huang Y, Ko KP, Jung YS, Jang J, Zou G, Zhang J, Jun S, Kim KB, Park KS, Park JI. CRACD loss induces neuroendocrine cell plasticity of lung adenocarcinoma. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114286. [PMID: 38796854 PMCID: PMC11216895 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell plasticity contributes to intratumoral heterogeneity and therapy resistance. Through cell plasticity, some lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells transform into neuroendocrine (NE) tumor cells. However, the mechanisms of NE cell plasticity remain unclear. CRACD (capping protein inhibiting regulator of actin dynamics), a capping protein inhibitor, is frequently inactivated in cancers. CRACD knockout (KO) is sufficient to de-repress NE-related gene expression in the pulmonary epithelium and LUAD cells. In LUAD mouse models, Cracd KO increases intratumoral heterogeneity with NE gene expression. Single-cell transcriptomic analysis showed that Cracd KO-induced NE cell plasticity is associated with cell de-differentiation and stemness-related pathway activation. The single-cell transcriptomic analysis of LUAD patient tumors recapitulates that the distinct LUAD NE cell cluster expressing NE genes is co-enriched with impaired actin remodeling. This study reveals the crucial role of CRACD in restricting NE cell plasticity that induces cell de-differentiation of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bongjun Kim
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shengzhe Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuanjian Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kyung-Pil Ko
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Youn-Sang Jung
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jinho Jang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Gengyi Zou
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jie Zhang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sohee Jun
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kee-Beom Kim
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, School of Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Sik Park
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Cancer Biology, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Program in Genetics and Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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21
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Liang J, Lin Y, Liu Y, Lin H, Xie Z, Wu T, Zhang X, Zhou X, Tan Z, Yin W, Guo Z. Deciphering two decades of cellular reprogramming in cancer: A bibliometric analysis of evolving trends and research frontiers. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31400. [PMID: 38832277 PMCID: PMC11145233 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent research has reevaluated the traditional view of cancer's linear progression and recurrence by introducing cellular reprogramming a process in which cancer cells can their state under certain conditions. This change is driven by a combination of genetic and epigenetic factors, with pivotal roles played by key genes, and pathways, notably Wnt and Notch. The complexity of cancer's behavior is further influenced by factors such as the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and therapy-induced stress, both of which are significant contributors to cancer recurrence. In this context bibliometric analysis emerges as a crucial tool for evaluating the impacts and trends within scientific literature. Our study utilized bibliometrics to analysis the role of cellular reprogramming oncology over the past two decades, highlighting its potential to improve cancer treatment outcomes. In conducting this analysis, we searched for literature search on cellular reprogramming (CR) in the Web of Science database, covering the years 2002-2022. We employed visualization tools like Citespace, VOSviewer, and Bibliometrix to analyze the collected data resulting in a dataset of 3102 articles. The United States and China emerged as leading contributors to this field, with the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center being the most prolific institution. Menendez was the most influential scholar in this research domain. Cancers was the journal with the most publications on this subject. The most local-cited document was the article titled "Hallmarks of Cancer: The Next Generation". A comprehensive analysis has been conducted based on keywords and cited references. In recent years, the research emphasis has shifted to "extracellular vesicles," "cancer therapy," and "cellular plasticity". Therefore, this analysis uses bibliometrics to chart cutting-edge progress in cancer's cellular reprogramming, aiding experts to quickly understand and innovate in this crucial area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghao Liang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yijian Lin
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Yuanqing Liu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Hongmiao Lin
- Graduate School, The Sixth Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University The Sixth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zixian Xie
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Tongtong Wu
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Xinrong Zhang
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Xinyi Zhou
- Second Clinical Medical College, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523000, China
| | - Zhaofeng Tan
- Graduate School, The Sixth Affiliated to Guangzhou Medical University The Sixth People's Hospital, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Weiqiang Yin
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhihua Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
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22
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Şişli HB, Şenkal Turhan S, Bulut Okumuş E, Böke ÖB, Erdoğmuş Ö, Kül B, Sümer E, Doğan A. Azoxymethane-induced carcinogenesis-like model of mouse intestine and mouse embryonic stem cell-derived intestinal organoids. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:704. [PMID: 38824233 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09660-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor modeling using organoids holds potential in studies of cancer development, enlightening both the intracellular and extracellular molecular mechanisms behind different cancer types, biobanking, and drug screening. Intestinal organoids can be generated in vitro using a unique type of adult stem cells which are found at the base of crypts and are characterized by their high Lgr5 expression levels. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, we successfully established intestinal cancer organoid models by using both the BALB/c derived and mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs)-derived intestinal organoids. In both cases, carcinogenesis-like model was developed by using azoxymethane (AOM) treatment. Carcinogenesis-like model was verified by H&E staining, immunostaining, relative mRNA expression analysis, and LC/MS analysis. The morphologic analysis demonstrated that the number of generated organoids, the number of crypts, and the intensity of the organoids were significantly augmented in AOM-treated intestinal organoids compared to non-AOM-treated ones. Relative mRNA expression data revealed that there was a significant increase in both Wnt signaling pathway-related genes and pluripotency transcription factors in the AOM-induced intestinal organoids. CONCLUSION We successfully developed simple carcinogenesis-like models using mESC-based and Lgr5 + stem cell-based intestinal organoids. Intestinal organoid based carcinogenesi models might be used for personalized cancer therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Burcu Şişli
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Selinay Şenkal Turhan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ezgi Bulut Okumuş
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özüm Begüm Böke
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özüm Erdoğmuş
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Berke Kül
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Engin Sümer
- Faculty of Medicine, Experimental Research Center, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Doğan
- Faculty of Engineering, Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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23
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Hwang SP, Denicourt C. The impact of ribosome biogenesis in cancer: from proliferation to metastasis. NAR Cancer 2024; 6:zcae017. [PMID: 38633862 PMCID: PMC11023387 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcae017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The dysregulation of ribosome biogenesis is a hallmark of cancer, facilitating the adaptation to altered translational demands essential for various aspects of tumor progression. This review explores the intricate interplay between ribosome biogenesis and cancer development, highlighting dynamic regulation orchestrated by key oncogenic signaling pathways. Recent studies reveal the multifaceted roles of ribosomes, extending beyond protein factories to include regulatory functions in mRNA translation. Dysregulated ribosome biogenesis not only hampers precise control of global protein production and proliferation but also influences processes such as the maintenance of stem cell-like properties and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, contributing to cancer progression. Interference with ribosome biogenesis, notably through RNA Pol I inhibition, elicits a stress response marked by nucleolar integrity loss, and subsequent G1-cell cycle arrest or cell death. These findings suggest that cancer cells may rely on heightened RNA Pol I transcription, rendering ribosomal RNA synthesis a potential therapeutic vulnerability. The review further explores targeting ribosome biogenesis vulnerabilities as a promising strategy to disrupt global ribosome production, presenting therapeutic opportunities for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sseu-Pei Hwang
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Catherine Denicourt
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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24
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Zhang Y, Chu J, Hou Q, Qian S, Wang Z, Yang Q, Song W, Dong L, Shi Z, Gao Y, Meng M, Zhang M, Zhang X, Chen Q. Ageing microenvironment mediates lymphocyte carcinogenesis and lymphoma drug resistance: From mechanisms to clinical therapy (Review). Int J Oncol 2024; 64:65. [PMID: 38757347 PMCID: PMC11095602 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2024.5653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence has a complex role in lymphocyte carcinogenesis and drug resistance of lymphomas. Senescent lymphoma cells combine with immunocytes to create an ageing environment that can be reprogrammed with a senescence‑associated secretory phenotype, which gradually promotes therapeutic resistance. Certain signalling pathways, such as the NF‑κB, Wnt and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways, regulate the tumour ageing microenvironment and induce the proliferation and progression of lymphoma cells. Therefore, targeting senescence‑related enzymes or their signal transduction pathways may overcome radiotherapy or chemotherapy resistance and enhance the efficacy of relapsed/refractory lymphoma treatments. Mechanisms underlying drug resistance in lymphomas are complex. The ageing microenvironment is a novel factor that contributes to drug resistance in lymphomas. In terms of clinical translation, some senolytics have been used in clinical trials on patients with relapsed or refractory lymphoma. Combining immunotherapy with epigenetic drugs may achieve better therapeutic effects; however, senescent cells exhibit considerable heterogeneity and lymphoma has several subtypes. Extensive research is necessary to achieve the practical application of senolytics in relapsed or refractory lymphomas. This review summarises the mechanisms of senescence‑associated drug resistance in lymphoma, as well as emerging strategies using senolytics, to overcome therapeutic resistance in lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Chu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qi Hou
- Department of Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453003, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Qian
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zeyuan Wang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qing Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Wenting Song
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Ling Dong
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Yuyang Gao
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Miaomiao Meng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Mingzhi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
| | - Qingjiang Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450052, P.R. China
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25
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Xiao Y, Jin W, Qian K, Ju L, Wang G, Wu K, Cao R, Chang L, Xu Z, Luo J, Shan L, Yu F, Chen X, Liu D, Cao H, Wang Y, Cao X, Zhou W, Cui D, Tian Y, Ji C, Luo Y, Hong X, Chen F, Peng M, Zhang Y, Wang X. Integrative Single Cell Atlas Revealed Intratumoral Heterogeneity Generation from an Adaptive Epigenetic Cell State in Human Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2308438. [PMID: 38582099 PMCID: PMC11200000 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202308438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Intratumor heterogeneity (ITH) of bladder cancer (BLCA) contributes to therapy resistance and immune evasion affecting clinical prognosis. The molecular and cellular mechanisms contributing to BLCA ITH generation remain elusive. It is found that a TM4SF1-positive cancer subpopulation (TPCS) can generate ITH in BLCA, evidenced by integrative single cell atlas analysis. Extensive profiling of the epigenome and transcriptome of all stages of BLCA revealed their evolutionary trajectories. Distinct ancestor cells gave rise to low-grade noninvasive and high-grade invasive BLCA. Epigenome reprograming led to transcriptional heterogeneity in BLCA. During early oncogenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition generated TPCS. TPCS has stem-cell-like properties and exhibited transcriptional plasticity, priming the development of transcriptionally heterogeneous descendent cell lineages. Moreover, TPCS prevalence in tumor is associated with advanced stage cancer and poor prognosis. The results of this study suggested that bladder cancer interacts with its environment by acquiring a stem cell-like epigenomic landscape, which might generate ITH without additional genetic diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xiao
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Wan Jin
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Euler TechnologyBeijing102206China
| | - Kaiyu Qian
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Lingao Ju
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Gang Wang
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Kai Wu
- Euler TechnologyBeijing102206China
| | - Rui Cao
- Department of UrologyBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100050China
| | | | - Zilin Xu
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Jun Luo
- Department of PathologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | | | - Fang Yu
- Department of PathologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | | | | | - Hong Cao
- Department of PathologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Yejinpeng Wang
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Xinyue Cao
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Clinical Trial CenterZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Technology on TransplantationInstitute of Hepatobiliary Diseases of Wuhan University, Transplant Center of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Diansheng Cui
- Department of UrologyHubei Cancer HospitalWuhan430079China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of UrologyBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing100050China
| | - Chundong Ji
- Department of UrologyThe Affiliated Hospital of Panzhihua UniversityPanzhihua617099China
| | - Yongwen Luo
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of UrologyPeking University International HospitalBeijing102206China
| | - Fangjin Chen
- Center for Quantitative BiologySchool of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing100091China
| | - Minsheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and EvolutionKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
- Kunming College of Life ScienceUniversity of Academy of SciencesKunming650201China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Euler TechnologyBeijing102206China
| | - Xinghuan Wang
- Department of Urology, Hubei Key Laboratory of Urological Diseases, Department of Biological Repositories, Human Genetic Resources Preservation Center of Hubei ProvinceZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
- Medical Research InstituteWuhan UniversityWuhan430071China
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26
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Moura DS, Mondaza-Hernandez JL, Sanchez-Bustos P, Peña-Chilet M, Cordero-Varela JA, Lopez-Alvarez M, Carrillo-Garcia J, Martin-Ruiz M, Romero-Gonzalez P, Renshaw-Calderon M, Ramos R, Marcilla D, Alvarez-Alegret R, Agra-Pujol C, Izquierdo F, Ortega-Medina L, Martin-Davila F, Hernandez-Leon CN, Romagosa C, Salgado MAV, Lavernia J, Bagué S, Mayodormo-Aranda E, Alvarez R, Valverde C, Martinez-Trufero J, Castilla-Ramirez C, Gutierrez A, Dopazo J, Hindi N, Garcia-Foncillas J, Martin-Broto J. HMGA1 regulates trabectedin sensitivity in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS): A Spanish Group for Research on Sarcomas (GEIS) study. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:219. [PMID: 38758230 PMCID: PMC11101398 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05250-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
HMGA1 is a structural epigenetic chromatin factor that has been associated with tumor progression and drug resistance. Here, we reported the prognostic/predictive value of HMGA1 for trabectedin in advanced soft-tissue sarcoma (STS) and the effect of inhibiting HMGA1 or the mTOR downstream pathway in trabectedin activity. The prognostic/predictive value of HMGA1 expression was assessed in a cohort of 301 STS patients at mRNA (n = 133) and protein level (n = 272), by HTG EdgeSeq transcriptomics and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The effect of HMGA1 silencing on trabectedin activity and gene expression profiling was measured in leiomyosarcoma cells. The effect of combining mTOR inhibitors with trabectedin was assessed on cell viability in vitro studies, whereas in vivo studies tested the activity of this combination. HMGA1 mRNA and protein expression were significantly associated with worse progression-free survival of trabectedin and worse overall survival in STS. HMGA1 silencing sensitized leiomyosarcoma cells for trabectedin treatment, reducing the spheroid area and increasing cell death. The downregulation of HGMA1 significantly decreased the enrichment of some specific gene sets, including the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. The inhibition of mTOR, sensitized leiomyosarcoma cultures for trabectedin treatment, increasing cell death. In in vivo studies, the combination of rapamycin with trabectedin downregulated HMGA1 expression and stabilized tumor growth of 3-methylcholantrene-induced sarcoma-like models. HMGA1 is an adverse prognostic factor for trabectedin treatment in advanced STS. HMGA1 silencing increases trabectedin efficacy, in part by modulating the mTOR signaling pathway. Trabectedin plus mTOR inhibitors are active in preclinical models of sarcoma, downregulating HMGA1 expression levels and stabilizing tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Moura
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28015, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Oncology in University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz,, Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose L Mondaza-Hernandez
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28015, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Sanchez-Bustos
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Peña-Chilet
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013, Seville, Spain
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan A Cordero-Varela
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Maria Lopez-Alvarez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Jaime Carrillo-Garcia
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28015, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martin-Ruiz
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28015, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pablo Romero-Gonzalez
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28015, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Renshaw-Calderon
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28015, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Ramos
- Pathology Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120, Mallorca, Spain
| | - David Marcilla
- Pathology Department, University Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | | | - Carolina Agra-Pujol
- Pathology Department, Gregorio Marañon Universitary Hospital, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Izquierdo
- Pathological Anatomy Service, Complejo Asistencial Universitario de León, 24071, Leon, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Cleofe Romagosa
- Pathology department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Javier Lavernia
- Medical Oncology Department, Instituto Valenciano de Oncologia, 46009, Valencia, Spain
| | - Silvia Bagué
- Pathology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, 08025, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Alvarez
- Medical Oncology Department, Gregorio Marañon Universitary Hospital, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Claudia Valverde
- Medical Oncology Department, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Antonio Gutierrez
- Hematology Department, Son Espases University Hospital, 07120, Mallorca, Spain
| | - Joaquin Dopazo
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBIS, HUVR, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla), 41013, Seville, Spain
- Clinical Bioinformatics Area, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), CDCA, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
- Bioinformatics in Rare Diseases (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, 41013, Seville, Spain
- INB-ELIXIR-es, FPS, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, 41013, Seville, Spain
| | - Nadia Hindi
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28015, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- General de Villalba University Hospital, 28400, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesus Garcia-Foncillas
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28015, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040, Madrid, Spain
- General de Villalba University Hospital, 28400, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Martin-Broto
- Health Research Institute-Fundación Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (IIS-FJD, UAM), 28015, Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology Department, Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
- General de Villalba University Hospital, 28400, Madrid, Spain.
- Department of Oncology in University Hospital Fundación Jiménez Díaz,, Av. de los Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
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27
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Yu Y, Wang XH, Hu WJ, Chen DH, Hu ZL, Li SQ. Patterns, Risk Factors, and Outcomes of Recurrence After Hepatectomy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma with and without Microvascular Invasion. J Hepatocell Carcinoma 2024; 11:801-812. [PMID: 38737385 PMCID: PMC11088842 DOI: 10.2147/jhc.s438850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose The patterns and risk factors of postsurgical recurrence of patient with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with microvascular invasion (MVI) are not clarified. This study aimed to decipher and compare the postoperative recurrent patterns and the risk factors contributing to recurrence between MVI positive (MVI(+)) and MVI negative (MVI(-)) HCC after hepatectomy. Patients and methods Patients with HCC who underwent hepatectomy in three Chinese academic hospitals between January 1, 2009, and December 31, 2018, were enrolled. Recurrent patterns included early (≤2 years) or late (>2 years) recurrence, recurrent sites and number, and risk factors of recurrence were compared between the MVI(+)and MVI(-) groups by propensity score-matching (PSM). Results Of 1756 patients included, 581 (33.1%) were MVI(+), and 875 (49.8%) patients developed early recurrence. Compared with the MVI(-) group, the MVI(+) group had a higher 2-year recurrence rate in the PSM cohort (hazard ratio [HR], 1.82; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.59-2.10; P < 0.001), and more patients with multiple tumor recurrence. Patients with early recurrence in the MVI(+) group had a worse overall survival (OS) than those in the MVI(-) group (HR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.02-1.50; P = 0.034). Resection margin (RM) ≤1.0 cm is a surgical predictor of early recurrence for the MVI(+) group (HR, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54-0.87; P = 0.002), but not for the MVI(-) group. Conclusion Compared to MVI(-) HCC, MVI(+) HCC tends to be early, multiple recurrence and lung and lymph node metastasis after resection. RM ≤1.0 cm is a surgical risk factor of early recurrence for patient with MVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yu
- Hepatic Pancreatobiliary Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Hui Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University) Changsha, Hunan Province, 410005, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Jie Hu
- Hepatic Pancreatobiliary Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-Hua Chen
- Hepatic Pancreatobiliary Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zi-Li Hu
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangdong, 510060, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shao-Qiang Li
- Hepatic Pancreatobiliary Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, People’s Republic of China
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28
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Georgieva D, Wang N, Taglialatela A, Jerabek S, Reczek CR, Lim PX, Sung J, Du Q, Horiguchi M, Jasin M, Ciccia A, Baer R, Egli D. BRCA1 and 53BP1 regulate reprogramming efficiency by mediating DNA repair pathway choice at replication-associated double-strand breaks. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114006. [PMID: 38554279 PMCID: PMC11272184 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming to pluripotency is associated with DNA damage and requires the functions of the BRCA1 tumor suppressor. Here, we leverage separation-of-function mutations in BRCA1/2 as well as the physical and/or genetic interactions between BRCA1 and its associated repair proteins to ascertain the relevance of homology-directed repair (HDR), stalled fork protection (SFP), and replication gap suppression (RGS) in somatic cell reprogramming. Surprisingly, loss of SFP and RGS is inconsequential for the transition to pluripotency. In contrast, cells deficient in HDR, but proficient in SFP and RGS, reprogram with reduced efficiency. Conversely, the restoration of HDR function through inactivation of 53bp1 rescues reprogramming in Brca1-deficient cells, and 53bp1 loss leads to elevated HDR and enhanced reprogramming in mouse and human cells. These results demonstrate that somatic cell reprogramming is especially dependent on repair of replication-associated double-strand breaks (DSBs) by the HDR activity of BRCA1 and BRCA2 and can be improved in the absence of 53BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Georgieva
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Angelo Taglialatela
- Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stepan Jerabek
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo namesti 542/2, 160 00 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - Colleen R Reczek
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Pei Xin Lim
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Julie Sung
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Qian Du
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Michiko Horiguchi
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maria Jasin
- Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Alberto Ciccia
- Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Genetics and Development, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Richard Baer
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Dieter Egli
- Department of Pediatrics and Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; Columbia University Stem Cell Initiative, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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29
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Griffin RL, Shuman L, Yamashita H, Wu Q, Chen G, Brown RM, Vander Griend D, DeGraff DJ, Warrick JI. The transcription factor sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) in bladder cancer. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL UROLOGY 2024; 12:88-99. [PMID: 38736621 PMCID: PMC11087210 DOI: 10.62347/meqo6014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Sex-determining region Y-box 2 (SOX2) is a transcription factor with a central role in embryologic development. SOX2 is also an oncogene in several cancer types. Prior work by our group has shown SOX2 activity associates with cell cycle dysregulation in early-stage bladder cancer. The present study was thus undertaken to broadly investigate SOX2 in bladder cancer, with emphasis on associations with tumor stage, clinical outcomes, and tumorigenicity. Gene expression was quantified by immunohistochemistry in an established tissue microarray (n=303 cystectomy specimens, all stages) and whole tissue sections of noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma (n=25). Gene expression by RNA sequencing was evaluated in non-muscle invasive and muscle-invasive cohorts from publicly available repositories. By immunohistochemistry, SOX2 was expressed in 40% of whole tissue sections of noninvasive papillary carcinoma, which correlated with SOX2 expression by RNA sequencing (r=0.6, P=0.001, Spearman correlation). Expression tended to be focal (median H-score =6). SOX2 was expressed in only 9% of TMA cases, consistent with focal expression. SOX2 expression was substantially higher in muscle-invasive compared with noninvasive papillary urothelial carcinoma by RNA sequencing (P<0.001, Wilcoxon rank sum test). SOX2 expression associated with stage progression in lamina-propria invasive cancers (hazard ratio =2, P=0.05, Cox model, binary, RNA sequencing) but not noninvasive papillary cancers (P=0.5, Cox model, binary, RNA sequencing). SOX2 expression did not associate with overall survival in muscle-invasive carcinoma. Activity of SOX2 in bladder cancer was tested in vivo using murine allografts created with MB49 cells that express human SOX2 (MB49-SOX). MB49-SOX allografts expressed this protein focally by immunohistochemistry, much like human tumors. Compared with controls, MB49 allografts demonstrated larger tumor size (P=0.03, Wilcoxon rank sum test) and higher tumor burden in mesenteric metastases (P=0.009, Wilcoxon rank sum test). Though SOX2 expression is focal within tumors, it may drive tumorigenesis, increase growth rate, and promote aggressive features of bladder cancer, particularly stage progression of early-stage disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L Griffin
- Department of Comparative Medicine, Penn State College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Shuman
- Department of Urology, Penn State College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | | | - Qingqing Wu
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | - Guoli Chen
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | - Ryan M Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL, USA
| | - Don Vander Griend
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at ChicagoChicago, IL, USA
| | - David J DeGraff
- Department of Urology, Penn State College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
| | - Joshua I Warrick
- Department of Urology, Penn State College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Penn State College of MedicineHershey, PA, USA
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MacLean MR, Walker OL, Arun RP, Fernando W, Marcato P. Informed by Cancer Stem Cells of Solid Tumors: Advances in Treatments Targeting Tumor-Promoting Factors and Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4102. [PMID: 38612911 PMCID: PMC11012648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25074102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) represent a subpopulation within tumors that promote cancer progression, metastasis, and recurrence due to their self-renewal capacity and resistance to conventional therapies. CSC-specific markers and signaling pathways highly active in CSCs have emerged as a promising strategy for improving patient outcomes. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the therapeutic targets associated with CSCs of solid tumors across various cancer types, including key molecular markers aldehyde dehydrogenases, CD44, epithelial cellular adhesion molecule, and CD133 and signaling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch, and Sonic Hedgehog. We discuss a wide array of therapeutic modalities ranging from targeted antibodies, small molecule inhibitors, and near-infrared photoimmunotherapy to advanced genetic approaches like RNA interference, CRISPR/Cas9 technology, aptamers, antisense oligonucleotides, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells, CAR natural killer cells, bispecific T cell engagers, immunotoxins, drug-antibody conjugates, therapeutic peptides, and dendritic cell vaccines. This review spans developments from preclinical investigations to ongoing clinical trials, highlighting the innovative targeting strategies that have been informed by CSC-associated pathways and molecules to overcome therapeutic resistance. We aim to provide insights into the potential of these therapies to revolutionize cancer treatment, underscoring the critical need for a multi-faceted approach in the battle against cancer. This comprehensive analysis demonstrates how advances made in the CSC field have informed significant developments in novel targeted therapeutic approaches, with the ultimate goal of achieving more effective and durable responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya R. MacLean
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Olivia L. Walker
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Raj Pranap Arun
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
| | - Wasundara Fernando
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, Wolfville, NS B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Paola Marcato
- Department of Pathology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; (M.R.M.); (O.L.W.); (R.P.A.); (W.F.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
- Nova Scotia Health Authority, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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31
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Ignatova TN, Chaitin HJ, Kukekov NV, Suslov ON, Dulatova GI, Hanafy KA, Vrionis FD. Gliomagenesis is orchestrated by the Oct3/4 regulatory network. J Neurosurg Sci 2024; 68:148-156. [PMID: 34342203 DOI: 10.23736/s0390-5616.21.05437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a lethal brain tumor characterized by developmental hierarchical phenotypic heterogeneity, therapy resistance and recurrent growth. Neural stem cells (NSCs) from human central nervous system (CNS), and glioblastoma stem cells from patient-derived GBM (pdGSC) samples were cultured in both 2D well-plate and 3D monoclonal neurosphere culture system (pdMNCS). The pdMNCS model shows promise to establish a relevant 3D-tumor environment that maintains GBM cells in the stem cell phase within suspended neurospheres. METHODS Utilizing the pdMNCS, we examined GBM cell-lines for a wide spectrum of developmental cancer stem cell markers, including the early blastocyst inner-cell mass (ICM)-specific Nanog, Oct3/4,B, and CD133. RESULTS We observed that MNCS epigenotype is recapitulated using gliomasphere-derived cells. CD133, the marker of GSC is robustly expressed in 3D-gliomaspheres and localized within the plasma membrane compartment. Conversely, gliomasphere cultures grown in conventional 2D culture quickly lost CD133 expression, indicating its variable expression is dependent on cell-culture conditions. Incomplete differentiation of cytoskeleton microtubules and intermediate filaments (IFs) of patient derived cells, similar to commercially available GBM cell lines, was seen. Subsequently, in order to determine whether Oct3/4 it was necessary for CD133 expression and cancer stemness, we transfected 2D and 3D culture with siRNA against Oct3/4 and found a significant reduction in gliomasphere formation. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that expression of Oct3/4,A- and CD133 suppress differentiation of GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana N Ignatova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital and Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Hersh J Chaitin
- College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Nickolay V Kukekov
- Department of Pathology and Center for Neurobiology and Behavior, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Oleg N Suslov
- McKnight Brain Institute, Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Galina I Dulatova
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Tennessee, Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Khalid A Hanafy
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital and Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA
| | - Frank D Vrionis
- Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton Regional Hospital and Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, USA -
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Lei J, Luo J, Liu Q, Wang X. Identifying cancer subtypes based on embryonic and hematopoietic stem cell signatures in pan-cancer. Cell Oncol (Dordr) 2024; 47:587-605. [PMID: 37821797 DOI: 10.1007/s13402-023-00886-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Cancer cells with stem cell-like properties may contribute to cancer development and therapy resistance. The advancement of multi-omics technology has sparked interest in exploring cancer stemness from a multi-omics perspective. However, there is a limited number of studies that have attempted to subtype cancer by combining different types of stem cell signatures. METHODS In this study, 10,323 cancer specimens from 33 TCGA cancer types were clustered based on the enrichment scores of six stemness gene sets, representing two types of stem cell backgrounds: embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). RESULTS We identified four subtypes of pan-cancer, termed StC1, StC2, StC3 and StC4, which displayed distinct molecular and clinical features, including stemness, genome integrity, intratumor heterogeneity, methylation levels, tumor microenvironment, tumor progression, responses to chemotherapy and immunotherapy, and survival prognosis. Importantly, this subtyping method for pan-cancer is reproducible at the protein level. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that the ESC signature is an adverse prognostic factor in cancer, while the HSC signature and ratio of HSC/ESC signatures are positive prognostic factors. The subtyping of cancer based on ESC and HSC signatures may provide insights into cancer biology and clinical implications of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lei
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Jiangti Luo
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Qian Liu
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiaosheng Wang
- Biomedical Informatics Research Lab, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Cancer Genomics Research Center, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
- Big Data Research Institute, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China.
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Toshida K, Itoh S, Iseda N, Tomiyama T, Yoshiya S, Toshima T, Liu YC, Iwasaki T, Okuzaki D, Taniguchi K, Oda Y, Mori M, Yoshizumi T. Impact of ACSL4 on the prognosis of hepatocellular carcinoma: Association with cancer-associated fibroblasts and the tumour immune microenvironment. Liver Int 2024; 44:1011-1023. [PMID: 38293713 DOI: 10.1111/liv.15839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Recently, the association between hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and ferroptosis has been the focus of much attention. The expression of long chain fatty acyl-CoA ligase 4 (ACSL4), a marker of ferroptosis, in tumour tissue is related to better prognosis in various cancers. In HCC, ACSL4 expression indicates poor prognosis and is related to high malignancy. However, the mechanism remains to be fully understood. METHODS We retrospectively enrolled 358 patients with HCC who had undergone hepatic resection. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for ACSL4 was performed. Factors associated with ASCL4 expression were investigated by spatial transcriptome analysis, and the relationships were investigated by IHC. The association between ACSL4 and the tumour immune microenvironment was examined in a public dataset and investigated by IHC. RESULTS Patients were divided into ACSL4-positive (n = 72, 20.1%) and ACSL4-negative (n = 286, 79.9%) groups. ACSL4 positivity was significantly correlated with higher α-fetoprotein (p = .0180) and more histological liver fibrosis (p = .0014). In multivariate analysis, ACSL4 positivity was an independent prognostic factor (p < .0001). Spatial transcriptome analysis showed a positive correlation between ACSL4 and cancer-associated fibroblasts; this relationship was confirmed by IHC. Evaluation of a public dataset showed the correlation between ACSL4 and exhausted tumour immune microenvironment; this relationship was also confirmed by IHC. CONCLUSION ACSL4 is a prognostic factor in HCC patients and its expression was associated with cancer-associated fibroblasts and anti-tumour immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Toshida
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shinji Itoh
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Norifumi Iseda
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tomiyama
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shohei Yoshiya
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeo Toshima
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yu-Chen Liu
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Iwasaki
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daisuke Okuzaki
- Single Cell Genomics, Human Immunology, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Genome Information Research Center, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
- Institute for Open and Transdisciplinary Research Initiatives, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Koji Taniguchi
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- School of Medicine, Tokai University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoharu Yoshizumi
- Department of Surgery and Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Mallika L, Rajarathinam M, Thangavel S. Cancer stem cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and its associated markers: A review. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2024; 67:250-258. [PMID: 38394427 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_467_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Evidences of the current research say that cancer is multifactorial with varied mechanisms of origin. Most theories evolve either intrinsic (genetic) or extrinsic factors like tobacco and alcoholism as the major cause of oral cancer in India. There is growing evidence that human papilloma virus may act as a co-carcinogen, along with tobacco, in the causation of cancers. The cells being triggered by the agents may be somatic (differentiated functional cell) or a normal stem cell with multipotency or even the transient proliferative cells derived from the stem cells. These stem cells possess several features like slow cell cycle, ability to extrude chemotherapeutic drugs, exhibit epithelial mesenchymal transition, and inhibit apoptosis. Targeting these progenitor stem cells may aid in improving the overall prognosis of the patient. These cancer stem cells are targeted using various markers that are apparently more or less specific to various types of stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavanya Mallika
- Department of Microbiology, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mani Rajarathinam
- Dean, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sundararajan Thangavel
- Associate Professor and Principal Investigator, Viral Research Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Government Mohan Kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India
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Rodrigues DB, Moreira HR, Jarnalo M, Horta R, Marques AP, Reis RL, Pirraco RP. Generation of 3D melanoma models using an assembloid-based approach. Acta Biomater 2024; 178:93-110. [PMID: 38382833 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
While 3D tumor models have greatly evolved over the past years, there is still a strong requirement for more biosimilar models which are capable of recapitulating cellular crosstalk within the tumor microenvironment while equally displaying representative levels of tumor aggressiveness and invasion. Herein, we disclose an assembloid melanoma model based on the fusion of individual stromal multicellular spheroids (MCSs). In contrast to more traditional tumor models, we show that it is possible to develop self-organizing, heterotypic melanoma models where tumor cells present stem-cell like features like up-regulated pluripotency master regulators SOX2, POU5F1 and NANOG. Additionally, these assembloids display high levels of invasiveness while embedded in 3D matrices as evidenced by stromal cell promotion of melanoma cell invasion via metalloproteinase production. Furthermore, sensitivity to anticancer drug doxorubicin was demonstrated for the melanoma assembloid model. These findings suggest that melanoma assembloids may play a significant role in the field of 3D cancer models as they more closely mimic the tumor microenvironment when compared to more traditional MCSs, opening the doors to a better understanding of the role of tumor microenvironment in supporting tumor progression. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The development of complex 3D tumor models that better recapitulate the tumor microenvironment is crucial for both an improved comprehension of intercellular crosstalk and for more efficient drug screening. We have herein developed a self-organizing heterotypic assembloid-based melanoma model capable of closely mimicking the tumor microenvironment. Key features recapitulated were the preservation of cancer cell stemness, sensitivity to anti-cancer agents and tumor cell invasion promoted by stromal cells. The approach of pre-establishing distinct stromal domains for subsequent combination into more complex tumor constructs provides a route for developing superior tumor models with a higher degree of similarity to native cancer tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel B Rodrigues
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Helena R Moreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Mariana Jarnalo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Burn Unity, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Horta
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, and Burn Unity, Centro Hospitalar de São João, Porto, Portugal; Faculty of Medicine - University of Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandra P Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal
| | - Rogério P Pirraco
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga, Guimarães 4805-017, Portugal.
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Liu AY. Prostate cancer research: tools, cell types, and molecular targets. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1321694. [PMID: 38595814 PMCID: PMC11002103 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1321694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple cancer cell types are found in prostate tumors. They are either luminal-like adenocarcinoma or less luminal-like and more stem-like non-adenocarcinoma and small cell carcinoma. These types are lineage related through differentiation. Loss of cancer differentiation from luminal-like to stem-like is mediated by the activation of stem cell transcription factors (scTF) such as LIN28A, NANOG, POU5F1 and SOX2. scTF expression leads to down-regulation of β2-microglobulin (B2M). Thus, cancer cells can change from the scT F ˜ B 2 M hi phenotype of differentiated to that of scT F ˙ B 2 M lo of dedifferentiated in the disease course. In development, epithelial cell differentiation is induced by stromal signaling and cell contact. One of the stromal factors specific to prostate encodes proenkephalin (PENK). PENK can down-regulate scTF and up-regulate B2M in stem-like small cell carcinoma LuCaP 145.1 cells indicative of exit from the stem state and differentiation. In fact, prostate cancer cells can be made to undergo dedifferentiation or reprogramming by scTF transfection and then to differentiate by PENK transfection. Therapies need to be designed for treating the different cancer cell types. Extracellular anterior gradient 2 (eAGR2) is an adenocarcinoma antigen associated with cancer differentiation that can be targeted by antibodies to lyse tumor cells with immune system components. eAGR2 is specific to cancer as normal cells express only the intracellular form (iAGR2). For AGR2-negative stem-like cancer cells, factors like PENK that can target scTF could be effective in differentiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvin Y. Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
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Kang M, Armenteros JJA, Gulati GS, Gleyzer R, Avagyan S, Brown EL, Zhang W, Usmani A, Earland N, Wu Z, Zou J, Fields RC, Chen DY, Chaudhuri AA, Newman AM. Mapping single-cell developmental potential in health and disease with interpretable deep learning. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.19.585637. [PMID: 38562882 PMCID: PMC10983880 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.19.585637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has transformed our understanding of cell fate in developmental systems. However, identifying the molecular hallmarks of potency - the capacity of a cell to differentiate into other cell types - has remained challenging. Here, we introduce CytoTRACE 2, an interpretable deep learning framework for characterizing potency and differentiation states on an absolute scale from scRNA-seq data. Across 31 human and mouse scRNA-seq datasets encompassing 28 tissue types, CytoTRACE 2 outperformed existing methods for recovering experimentally determined potency levels and differentiation states covering the entire range of cellular ontogeny. Moreover, it reconstructed the temporal hierarchy of mouse embryogenesis across 62 timepoints; identified pan-tissue expression programs that discriminate major potency levels; and facilitated discovery of cellular phenotypes in cancer linked to survival and immunotherapy resistance. Our results illuminate a fundamental feature of cell biology and provide a broadly applicable platform for delineating single-cell differentiation landscapes in health and disease.
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Shinno Y, Ohe Y. Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor: current knowledge and future perspectives. Jpn J Clin Oncol 2024; 54:265-270. [PMID: 38117955 DOI: 10.1093/jjco/hyad175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Thoracic SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor is a newly recognized disease entity characterized as a high-grade malignant neoplasm with an undifferentiated or rhabdoid phenotype. The tumor was initially identified as a subtype of thoracic sarcoma with SMARCA4 loss, but further investigation resulted in its classification as a subtype of epithelial malignancies in the current World Health Organization classification. SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor is highly aggressive and has a poor prognosis. Because of its rarity, an optimal treatment strategy has not yet been identified. In this review, we summarize the literature on SMARCA4-deficient undifferentiated tumor in terms of its clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment strategy and future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Shinno
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Ohe
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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Bergin CJ, Zouggar A, Mendes da Silva A, Fenouil T, Haebe JR, Masibag AN, Agrawal G, Shah MS, Sandouka T, Tiberi M, Auer RC, Ardolino M, Benoit YD. The dopamine transporter antagonist vanoxerine inhibits G9a and suppresses cancer stem cell functions in colon tumors. NATURE CANCER 2024; 5:463-480. [PMID: 38351181 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-024-00727-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs), functionally characterized by self-renewal and tumor-initiating activity, contribute to decreased tumor immunogenicity, while fostering tumor growth and metastasis. Targeting G9a histone methyltransferase (HMTase) effectively blocks CSC functions in colorectal tumors by altering pluripotent-like molecular networks; however, existing molecules directly targeting G9a HMTase activity failed to reach clinical stages due to safety concerns. Using a stem cell-based phenotypic drug-screening pipeline, we identified the dopamine transporter (DAT) antagonist vanoxerine, a compound with previously demonstrated clinical safety, as a cancer-specific downregulator of G9a expression. Here we show that gene silencing and chemical antagonism of DAT impede colorectal CSC functions by repressing G9a expression. Antagonizing DAT also enhanced tumor lymphocytic infiltration by activating endogenous transposable elements and type-I interferon response. Our study unveils the direct implication of the DAT-G9a axis in the maintenance of CSC populations and an approach to improve antitumor immune response in colon tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Bergin
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aïcha Zouggar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Amanda Mendes da Silva
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tanguy Fenouil
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR5286, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
- Institut de Pathologie Multisite des Hospices Civils de Lyon, Site Est, Groupement Hospitalier Est, Bron, France
| | - Joshua R Haebe
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Angelique N Masibag
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Gautam Agrawal
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Muhammad S Shah
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamara Sandouka
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Mario Tiberi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- University of Ottawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Neuroscience Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rebecca C Auer
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Ardolino
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Center for Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Centre for Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yannick D Benoit
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
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Liu H, Liang X, Tang G, Wang X, Wang Z, Tong L, Mao Q, Ma J, Wu J. Identifying molecular subtypes and tumor microenvironment infiltration signatures in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma based on stemness-associated disulfidptosis genes by integrating machine learning, single-cell analyses and experimental validation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26094. [PMID: 38390172 PMCID: PMC10881368 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is an aggressive malignant tumor. Disulfidptosis is a new programmed cell death mechanism, which is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of intracellular disulfides that are highly toxic to cells. However, the contribution of disulfidptosis to ccRCC progression has not been fully clarified. In this study, two different molecular subtypes related to disulfidptosis were identified in ccRCC patients by the non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) algorithm. The cluster 1 was characterized by a worse prognosis and higher mRNAsi levels. Then, difference analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were conducted to search modular genes that are highly associated with tumor stemness and tumor microenvironment. Subsequently, a SADG signature containing nine genes was constructed stepwise by WGCNA and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) Cox regression analysis. The high-risk score group had a worse outcome, and immune regulation and metabolic signatures might be responsible for cancer progression in the high-risk group. After that, a predictive nomogram was constructed, and the predicting power of the risk model was verified using inter and three independent external validation datasets. Nine SADGs were shown to significantly correlate with immune infiltration, tumor mutation burden (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI) and immune checkpoint. In addition, based on the single-cell RNA sequencing dataset (GSE139555), the distribution and expression of nine hub genes in various types of immune cells were analyzed. Finally, the expression level of the nine genes was verified in clinical samples by qRT-PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Liu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liang
- Department of Oncology, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gonglin Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Leijie Tong
- Department of Immunology, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qiancheng Mao
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Ma
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
| | - Jitao Wu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, NO. 20 East Yuhuangding Road, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China
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Tanaka A, Ogawa M, Zhou Y, Namba K, Hendrickson RC, Miele MM, Li Z, Klimstra DS, Buckley PG, Gulcher J, Wang JY, Roehrl MHA. Proteogenomic characterization of primary colorectal cancer and metastatic progression identifies proteome-based subtypes and signatures. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113810. [PMID: 38377004 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Metastatic progression of colorectal adenocarcinoma (CRC) remains poorly understood and poses significant challenges for treatment. To overcome these challenges, we performed multiomics analyses of primary CRC and liver metastases. Genomic alterations, such as structural variants or copy number alterations, were enriched in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes and increased in metastases. Unsupervised mass spectrometry-based proteomics of 135 primary and 123 metastatic CRCs uncovered distinct proteomic subtypes, three each for primary and metastatic CRCs, respectively. Integrated analyses revealed that hypoxia, stemness, and immune signatures characterize these 6 subtypes. Hypoxic CRC harbors high epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition features and metabolic adaptation. CRC with a stemness signature shows high oncogenic pathway activation and alternative telomere lengthening (ALT) phenotype, especially in metastatic lesions. Tumor microenvironment analysis shows immune evasion via modulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I/II and antigen processing pathways. This study characterizes both primary and metastatic CRCs and provides a large proteogenomics dataset of metastatic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Tanaka
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Makiko Ogawa
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yihua Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; ICU Department, Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Kei Namba
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of General Thoracic Surgery and Breast and Endocrinological Surgery, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Japan
| | - Ronald C Hendrickson
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew M Miele
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhuoning Li
- Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David S Klimstra
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA; Paige.AI, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Michael H A Roehrl
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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42
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Sun H, Zhang H. Lysine Methylation-Dependent Proteolysis by the Malignant Brain Tumor (MBT) Domain Proteins. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2248. [PMID: 38396925 PMCID: PMC10889763 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Lysine methylation is a major post-translational protein modification that occurs in both histones and non-histone proteins. Emerging studies show that the methylated lysine residues in non-histone proteins provide a proteolytic signal for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. The SET7 (SETD7) methyltransferase specifically transfers a methyl group from S-Adenosyl methionine to a specific lysine residue located in a methylation degron motif of a protein substrate to mark the methylated protein for ubiquitin-dependent proteolysis. LSD1 (Kdm1a) serves as a demethylase to dynamically remove the methyl group from the modified protein. The methylated lysine residue is specifically recognized by L3MBTL3, a methyl-lysine reader that contains the malignant brain tumor domain, to target the methylated proteins for proteolysis by the CRL4DCAF5 ubiquitin ligase complex. The methylated lysine residues are also recognized by PHF20L1 to protect the methylated proteins from proteolysis. The lysine methylation-mediated proteolysis regulates embryonic development, maintains pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem cells and other stem cells such as neural stem cells and hematopoietic stem cells, and controls other biological processes. Dysregulation of the lysine methylation-dependent proteolysis is associated with various diseases, including cancers. Characterization of lysine methylation should reveal novel insights into how development and related diseases are regulated.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, 4505 South Maryland Parkway, P.O. Box 454003, Las Vegas, NV 89154-4003, USA;
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43
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SUN HUI, KAWANO MASANORI, IWASAKI TATSUYA, ITONAGA ICHIRO, KUBOTA YUTA, TSUMURA HIROSHI, TANAKA KAZUHIRO. MicroRNA-329-3p inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and proliferation of osteosarcoma cells by targeting transcription factor 7-like 1. Oncol Res 2024; 32:463-476. [PMID: 38370338 PMCID: PMC10874473 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.044085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
An important factor in the emergence and progression of osteosarcoma (OS) is the dysregulated expression of microRNAs (miRNAs). Transcription factor 7-like 1 (TCF7L1), a member of the T cell factor/lymphoid enhancer factor (TCF/LEF) transcription factor family, interacts with the Wnt signaling pathway regulator β-catenin and acts as a DNA-specific binding protein. This study sought to elucidate the impact of the interaction between miR-329-3p and TCF7L1 on the growth and apoptosis of OS and analyze the regulatory expression relationship between miRNA and mRNA in osteosarcoma cells using a variety of approaches. MiR329-3p was significantly downregulated, while TCF7L1 was considerably up-regulated in all examined OS cell lines. Additionally, a clinical comparison study was performed using the TCGA database. Subsequently, the regulatory relationship between miR-329-3p and TCF7L1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of OS cells was verified through in vitro and in vivo experiments. When miR-329-3p was transfected into the OS cell line, the expression of TCF7L1 decreased, the proliferation of OS cells was inhibited, the cytoskeleton disintegrated, and the nucleus condensed to form apoptotic bodies. The expression of proteins that indicate apoptosis increased simultaneously. The cell cycle was arrested in the G0/G1 phase, and the G1/S transition was blocked. The introduction of miR-329-3p also inhibited downstream Cyclin D1 of the Wnt pathway. Xenograft experiments indicated that the overexpression of miR-329-3p significantly inhibited the growth of OS xenografts in nude mice, and the expression of TCF7L1 and c-Myc in tumor tissues decreased. MiR-329-3p was significantly reduced in OS cells and played a suppressive role in tumorigenesis and proliferation by targeting TCF7L1 both in vitro and in vivo. Osteosarcoma cell cycle arrest and pathway inhibition were observed upon the regulation of TCF7L1 by miR-329-3p. Summarizing these results, it can be inferred that miR-329-3p exerts anticancer effects in osteosarcoma by inhibiting TCF7L1.
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Affiliation(s)
- HUI SUN
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5503, Japan
| | - MASANORI KAWANO
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5503, Japan
| | - TATSUYA IWASAKI
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5503, Japan
| | - ICHIRO ITONAGA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5503, Japan
| | - YUTA KUBOTA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5503, Japan
| | - HIROSHI TSUMURA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5503, Japan
| | - KAZUHIRO TANAKA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, 879-5503, Japan
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44
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Li W, Zhou M, Wang L, Huang L, Chen X, Sun X, Liu T. Evaluation of the safety and efficiency of cytotoxic T cell therapy sensitized by tumor antigens original from T-ALL-iPSC in vivo. CANCER INNOVATION 2024; 3:e95. [PMID: 38948536 PMCID: PMC11212296 DOI: 10.1002/cai2.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024]
Abstract
Background Since RNA sequencing has shown that induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) share a common antigen profile with tumor cells, cancer vaccines that focus on iPSCs have made promising progress in recent years. Previously, we showed that iPSCs derived from leukemic cells of patients with primary T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) have a gene expression profile similar to that of T-ALL cell lines. Methods Mice with T-ALL were treated with dendritic and T (DC-T) cells loaded with intact and complete antigens from T-ALL-derived iPSCs (T-ALL-iPSCs). We evaluated the safety and antitumor efficiency of autologous tumor-derived iPSC antigens by flow cytometry, cytokine release assay, acute toxicity experiments, long-term toxicity experiments, and other methods. Results Our results indicate that complete tumor antigens from T-ALL-iPSCs could inhibit the growth of inoculated tumors in immunocompromised mice without causing acute and long-term toxicity. Conclusion T-ALL-iPSC-based treatment is safe and can be used as a potential strategy for leukemia immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiran Li
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Cell Quality Testing Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Meiling Zhou
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Cell Quality Testing Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Cell Quality Testing Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Liying Huang
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Cell Quality Testing Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Xizhuo Sun
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Tumor Immunotherapy, Shenzhen Luohu People's HospitalThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen UniversityShenzhenGuangdongChina
- Cell Quality Testing Laboratory of Shenzhen Luohu Hospital GroupShenzhenGuangdongChina
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45
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Villeneuve C, Hashmi A, Ylivinkka I, Lawson-Keister E, Miroshnikova YA, Pérez-González C, Myllymäki SM, Bertillot F, Yadav B, Zhang T, Matic Vignjevic D, Mikkola ML, Manning ML, Wickström SA. Mechanical forces across compartments coordinate cell shape and fate transitions to generate tissue architecture. Nat Cell Biol 2024; 26:207-218. [PMID: 38302719 PMCID: PMC10866703 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01332-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Morphogenesis and cell state transitions must be coordinated in time and space to produce a functional tissue. An excellent paradigm to understand the coupling of these processes is mammalian hair follicle development, which is initiated by the formation of an epithelial invagination-termed placode-that coincides with the emergence of a designated hair follicle stem cell population. The mechanisms directing the deformation of the epithelium, cell state transitions and physical compartmentalization of the placode are unknown. Here we identify a key role for coordinated mechanical forces stemming from contractile, proliferative and proteolytic activities across the epithelial and mesenchymal compartments in generating the placode structure. A ring of fibroblast cells gradually wraps around the placode cells to generate centripetal contractile forces, which, in collaboration with polarized epithelial myosin activity, promote elongation and local tissue thickening. These mechanical stresses further enhance compartmentalization of Sox9 expression to promote stem cell positioning. Subsequently, proteolytic remodelling locally softens the basement membrane to facilitate a release of pressure on the placode, enabling localized cell divisions, tissue fluidification and epithelial invagination into the underlying mesenchyme. Together, our experiments and modelling identify dynamic cell shape transformations and tissue-scale mechanical cooperation as key factors for orchestrating organ formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémentine Villeneuve
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Ali Hashmi
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Irene Ylivinkka
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Yekaterina A Miroshnikova
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Carlos Pérez-González
- Cell Biology and Cancer Unit, Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Satu-Marja Myllymäki
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fabien Bertillot
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany
| | - Bhagwan Yadav
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Marja L Mikkola
- Cell and Tissue Dynamics Research Program, Institute of Biotechnology, Helsinki Institute of Life Science (HiLIFE), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Lisa Manning
- Department of Physics and BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY, USA.
| | - Sara A Wickström
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Cell and Tissue Dynamics, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, Münster, Germany.
- Helsinki Institute of Life Science, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
- Wihuri Research Institute, Biomedicum Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
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46
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Yagita K. Emergence of the circadian clock oscillation during the developmental process in mammals. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2024; 84:102152. [PMID: 38266394 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2024.102152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The circadian clocks are cell-autonomous intrinsic oscillators existing throughout the body to coordinate intracellular and intercellular functions of each organ or tissue. The circadian clock oscillation gradually emerges during mid-to-late gestation in the mammalian developmental process. Recently, it has been revealed that the in vitro differentiation of mouse ES cells recapitulates the circadian clock development. Moreover, reprogramming of the cells results in the redisappearance of the clock, indicating that circadian clocks are tightly coupled with cellular differentiation. Interestingly, before the circadian clock develops, the embryo is governed under ultradian rhythms driven by the segmentation clock. This short review explores these observations, discussing the significance of the emergence of circadian clock oscillation during the mammalian developmental process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yagita
- Department of Physiology and Systems Bioscience, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan.
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47
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Fujii M, Sekine S, Sato T. Decoding the basis of histological variation in human cancer. Nat Rev Cancer 2024; 24:141-158. [PMID: 38135758 DOI: 10.1038/s41568-023-00648-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Molecular abnormalities that shape human neoplasms dissociate their phenotypic landscape from that of the healthy counterpart. Through the lens of a microscope, tumour pathology optically captures such aberrations projected onto a tissue slide and has categorized human epithelial neoplasms into distinct histological subtypes based on the diverse morphogenetic and molecular programmes that they manifest. Tumour histology often reflects tumour aggressiveness, patient prognosis and therapeutic vulnerability, and thus has been used as a de facto diagnostic tool and for making clinical decisions. However, it remains elusive how the diverse histological subtypes arise and translate into pleiotropic biological phenotypes. Molecular analysis of clinical tumour tissues and their culture, including patient-derived organoids, and add-back genetic reconstruction of tumorigenic pathways using gene engineering in culture models and rodents further elucidated molecular mechanisms that underlie morphological variations. Such mechanisms include genetic mutations and epigenetic alterations in cellular identity codes that erode hard-wired morphological programmes and histologically digress tumours from the native tissues. Interestingly, tumours acquire the ability to grow independently of the niche-driven stem cell ecosystem along with these morphological alterations, providing a biological rationale for histological diversification during tumorigenesis. This Review comprehensively summarizes our current understanding of such plasticity in the histological and lineage commitment fostered cooperatively by molecular alterations and the tumour environment, and describes basic and clinical implications for future cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Fujii
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Sekine
- Division of Pathology and Clinical Laboratories, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiro Sato
- Department of Integrated Medicine and Biochemistry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Volnitskiy A, Shabalin K, Pantina R, Varfolomeeva E, Kovalev R, Burdakov V, Emelianova S, Garaeva L, Yakimov A, Sogoyan M, Filatov M, Konevega AL, Shtam T. OCT4 Expression in Gliomas Is Dependent on Cell Metabolism. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2024; 46:1107-1120. [PMID: 38392188 PMCID: PMC10887564 DOI: 10.3390/cimb46020070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The OCT4 transcription factor is necessary to maintain cell stemness in the early stages of embryogenesis and is involved in the formation of induced pluripotent stem cells, but its role in oncogenesis is not yet entirely clear. In this work, OCT4 expression was investigated in malignant gliomas. Twenty glioma cell lines and a sample of normal adult brain tissue were used. OCT4 expression was found in all studied glioma cell lines but was not detected in normal adult brain tissue. For one of these lines, OCT4 knockdown caused tumor cell death. By varying the culture conditions of these cells, we unexpectedly found that OCT4 expression increased when cells were incubated in serum-free medium, and this effect was significantly enhanced in serum-free and L-glutamine-free medium. L-glutamine and the Krebs cycle, which is slowed down in serum-free medium according to our NMR data, are sources of α-KG. Thus, our data indicate that OCT4 expression in gliomas may be regulated by the α-KG-dependent metabolic reprogramming of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Volnitskiy
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Konstantin Shabalin
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Rimma Pantina
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Elena Varfolomeeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Roman Kovalev
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Vladimir Burdakov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Svetlana Emelianova
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Luiza Garaeva
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Alexander Yakimov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politehnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Marina Sogoyan
- H.Turner National Medical Research Center for Children's Orthopedics and Trauma Surgery of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Parkovaya 64-68, Pushkin, 196603 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Michael Filatov
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
| | - Andrey L Konevega
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnologies, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Politehnicheskaya 29, 195251 St. Petersburg, Russia
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
| | - Tatiana Shtam
- Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute Named by B.P. Konstantinov of National Research Centre "Kurchatov Institute", Orlova Roscha 1, 188300 Gatchina, Russia
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Akademika Kurchatova pl. 1, 123182 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky Ave. 4, 194064 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Fu RZ, Cottrell O, Cutillo L, Rowntree A, Zador Z, Wurdak H, Papalopulu N, Marinopoulou E. Identification of genes with oscillatory expression in glioblastoma: the paradigm of SOX2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2123. [PMID: 38267500 PMCID: PMC10808450 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51340-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Quiescence, a reversible state of cell-cycle arrest, is an important state during both normal development and cancer progression. For example, in glioblastoma (GBM) quiescent glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) play an important role in re-establishing the tumour, leading to relapse. While most studies have focused on identifying differentially expressed genes between proliferative and quiescent cells as potential drivers of this transition, recent studies have shown the importance of protein oscillations in controlling the exit from quiescence of neural stem cells. Here, we have undertaken a genome-wide bioinformatic inference approach to identify genes whose expression oscillates and which may be good candidates for controlling the transition to and from the quiescent cell state in GBM. Our analysis identified, among others, a list of important transcription regulators as potential oscillators, including the stemness gene SOX2, which we verified to oscillate in quiescent GSCs. These findings expand on the way we think about gene regulation and introduce new candidate genes as key regulators of quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Zhiming Fu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
- Geoffrey Jefferson Brain Research Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
- Department of Neurosurgery, Manchester Centre for Clinical Neurosciences, Salford Care Organisation, Northern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Salford Royal, Stott Lane, Salford, M6 8HD, UK
| | - Oliver Cottrell
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Luisa Cutillo
- School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Woodhouse, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Andrew Rowntree
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK
| | - Zsolt Zador
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, St. Michael's Hospital, 36 Queen St E, Toronto, ON, M5B 1W8, Canada
- Department of Surgery, McMaster University, 1280 Mains St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Center for Discovery in Cancer Research (CDCR), McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Heiko Wurdak
- Stem Cell and Brain Tumour Group, Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St James's, School of Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - Nancy Papalopulu
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
| | - Elli Marinopoulou
- Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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50
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Scott MT, Liu W, Mitchell R, Clarke CJ, Kinstrie R, Warren F, Almasoudi H, Stevens T, Dunn K, Pritchard J, Drotar ME, Michie AM, Jørgensen HG, Higgins B, Copland M, Vetrie D. Activating p53 abolishes self-renewal of quiescent leukaemic stem cells in residual CML disease. Nat Commun 2024; 15:651. [PMID: 38246924 PMCID: PMC10800356 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44771-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Whilst it is recognised that targeting self-renewal is an effective way to functionally impair the quiescent leukaemic stem cells (LSC) that persist as residual disease in chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML), developing therapeutic strategies to achieve this have proved challenging. We demonstrate that the regulatory programmes of quiescent LSC in chronic phase CML are similar to that of embryonic stem cells, pointing to a role for wild type p53 in LSC self-renewal. In support of this, increasing p53 activity in primitive CML cells using an MDM2 inhibitor in combination with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor resulted in reduced CFC outputs and engraftment potential, followed by loss of multilineage priming potential and LSC exhaustion when combination treatment was discontinued. Our work provides evidence that targeting LSC self-renewal is exploitable in the clinic to irreversibly impair quiescent LSC function in CML residual disease - with the potential to enable more CML patients to discontinue therapy and remain in therapy-free remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Scott
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Wei Liu
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Rebecca Mitchell
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Cassie J Clarke
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Ross Kinstrie
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Felix Warren
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Hassan Almasoudi
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thomas Stevens
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Karen Dunn
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - John Pritchard
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Mark E Drotar
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Alison M Michie
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Heather G Jørgensen
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Mhairi Copland
- Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - David Vetrie
- Wolfson Wohl Cancer Research Centre, School of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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