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Didiasova M, Cesaro S, Feldhoff S, Bettin I, Tiegel N, Füssgen V, Bertoldi M, Tikkanen R. Functional Characterization of a Spectrum of Genetic Variants in a Family with Succinic Semialdehyde Dehydrogenase Deficiency. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5237. [PMID: 38791277 PMCID: PMC11121183 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Succinic semialdehyde dehydrogenase (SSADH) is a mitochondrial enzyme involved in the catabolism of the neurotransmitter γ-amino butyric acid. Pathogenic variants in the gene encoding this enzyme cause SSADH deficiency, a developmental disease that manifests as hypotonia, autism, and epilepsy. SSADH deficiency patients usually have family-specific gene variants. Here, we describe a family exhibiting four different SSADH variants: Val90Ala, Cys93Phe, and His180Tyr/Asn255Asp (a double variant). We provide a structural and functional characterization of these variants and show that Cys93Phe and Asn255Asp are pathogenic variants that affect the stability of the SSADH protein. Due to the impairment of the cofactor NAD+ binding, these variants show a highly reduced enzyme activity. However, Val90Ala and His180Tyr exhibit normal activity and expression. The His180Tyr/Asn255Asp variant exhibits a highly reduced activity as a recombinant species, is inactive, and shows a very low expression in eukaryotic cells. A treatment with substances that support protein folding by either increasing chaperone protein expression or by chemical means did not increase the expression of the pathogenic variants of the SSADH deficiency patient. However, stabilization of the folding of pathogenic SSADH variants by other substances may provide a treatment option for this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miroslava Didiasova
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, DE-35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Samuele Cesaro
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.); (I.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Simon Feldhoff
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, DE-35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Ilaria Bettin
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.); (I.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Nana Tiegel
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, DE-35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Vera Füssgen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, DE-35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.F.)
| | - Mariarita Bertoldi
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie, 8, 37134 Verona, Italy; (S.C.); (I.B.); (M.B.)
| | - Ritva Tikkanen
- Institute of Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Giessen, Friedrichstrasse 24, DE-35390 Giessen, Germany; (M.D.); (S.F.)
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Schroeder HT, De Lemos Muller CH, Heck TG, Krause M, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Resolution of inflammation in chronic disease via restoration of the heat shock response (HSR). Cell Stress Chaperones 2024; 29:66-87. [PMID: 38309688 PMCID: PMC10939035 DOI: 10.1016/j.cstres.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Effective resolution of inflammation via the heat shock response (HSR) is pivotal in averting the transition to chronic inflammatory states. This transition characterizes a spectrum of debilitating conditions, including insulin resistance, obesity, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and cardiovascular ailments. This manuscript explores a range of physiological, pharmacological, and nutraceutical interventions aimed at reinstating the HSR in the context of chronic low-grade inflammation, as well as protocols to assess the HSR. Monitoring the progression or suppression of the HSR in patients and laboratory animals offers predictive insights into the organism's capacity to combat chronic inflammation, as well as the impact of exercise and hyperthermic treatments (e.g., sauna or hot tub baths) on the HSR. Interestingly, a reciprocal correlation exists between the expression of HSR components in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) and the extent of local tissue proinflammatory activity in individuals afflicted by chronic inflammatory disorders. Therefore, the Heck index, contrasting extracellular 70 kDa family of heat shock proteins (HSP70) (proinflammatory) and intracellular HSP70 (anti-inflammatory) in PBL, serves as a valuable metric for HSR assessment. Our laboratory has also developed straightforward protocols for evaluating HSR by subjecting whole blood samples from both rodents and human volunteers to ex vivo heat challenges. Collectively, this discussion underscores the critical role of HSR disruption in the pathogenesis of chronic inflammatory states and emphasizes the significance of simple, cost-effective tools for clinical HSR assessment. This understanding is instrumental in the development of innovative strategies for preventing and managing chronic inflammatory diseases, which continue to exert a substantial global burden on morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Trevisan Schroeder
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Carlos Henrique De Lemos Muller
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thiago Gomes Heck
- Post Graduate Program in Integral Health Care (PPGAIS-UNIJUÍ/UNICRUZ/URI), Regional University of Northwestern Rio Grande Do Sul State (UNIJUI) and Post Graduate Program in Mathematical and Computational Modeling (PPGMMC), UNIJUI, Ijuí, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mauricio Krause
- Laboratory of Inflammation, Metabolism and Exercise Research (LAPIMEX), Department of Physiology, ICBS, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology (FisCel), Department of Physiology, Institute of Basic Health Sciences (ICBS), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Pfrieger FW. The Niemann-Pick type diseases – A synopsis of inborn errors in sphingolipid and cholesterol metabolism. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 90:101225. [PMID: 37003582 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Disturbances of lipid homeostasis in cells provoke human diseases. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms and the development of efficient therapies represent formidable challenges for biomedical research. Exemplary cases are two rare, autosomal recessive, and ultimately fatal lysosomal diseases historically named "Niemann-Pick" honoring the physicians, whose pioneering observations led to their discovery. Acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD) and Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD) are caused by specific variants of the sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase 1 (SMPD1) and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 1 (NPC1) or NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 (NPC2) genes that perturb homeostasis of two key membrane components, sphingomyelin and cholesterol, respectively. Patients with severe forms of these diseases present visceral and neurologic symptoms and succumb to premature death. This synopsis traces the tortuous discovery of the Niemann-Pick diseases, highlights important advances with respect to genetic culprits and cellular mechanisms, and exposes efforts to improve diagnosis and to explore new therapeutic approaches.
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Kim H, Gomez-Pastor R. HSF1 and Its Role in Huntington's Disease Pathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1410:35-95. [PMID: 36396925 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response (HSR) in mammalian cells and is a critical element in maintaining protein homeostasis. HSF1 functions at the center of many physiological processes like embryogenesis, metabolism, immune response, aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms that allow HSF1 to control these different biological and pathophysiological processes are not fully understood. This review focuses on Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe protein aggregation of the huntingtin (HTT) protein. The aggregation of HTT, in turn, leads to a halt in the function of HSF1. Understanding the pathways that regulate HSF1 in different contexts like HD may hold the key to understanding the pathomechanisms underlying other proteinopathies. We provide the most current information on HSF1 structure, function, and regulation, emphasizing HD, and discussing its potential as a biological target for therapy. DATA SOURCES We performed PubMed search to find established and recent reports in HSF1, heat shock proteins (Hsp), HD, Hsp inhibitors, HSF1 activators, and HSF1 in aging, inflammation, cancer, brain development, mitochondria, synaptic plasticity, polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, and HD. STUDY SELECTIONS Research and review articles that described the mechanisms of action of HSF1 were selected based on terms used in PubMed search. RESULTS HSF1 plays a crucial role in the progression of HD and other protein-misfolding related neurodegenerative diseases. Different animal models of HD, as well as postmortem brains of patients with HD, reveal a connection between the levels of HSF1 and HSF1 dysfunction to mutant HTT (mHTT)-induced toxicity and protein aggregation, dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disruption of the structural and functional integrity of synaptic connections, which eventually leads to neuronal loss. These features are shared with other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Currently, several inhibitors against negative regulators of HSF1, as well as HSF1 activators, are developed and hold promise to prevent neurodegeneration in HD and other NDs. CONCLUSION Understanding the role of HSF1 during protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in HD may help to develop therapeutic strategies that could be effective across different NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Gray J, Fernández-Suárez ME, Falah M, Smith D, Smith C, Kaya E, Palmer AM, Fog CK, Kirkegaard T, Platt FM. Heat shock protein amplification improves cerebellar myelination in the Npc1 nih mouse model. EBioMedicine 2022; 86:104374. [PMID: 36455410 PMCID: PMC9713282 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2022.104374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC) is a rare prematurely fatal lysosomal lipid storage disease with limited therapeutic options. The prominent neuropathological hallmarks include hypomyelination and cerebellar atrophy. We previously demonstrated the efficacy of recombinant human heat shock protein 70 (rhHSP70) in preclinical models of the disease. It reduced glycosphingolipid levels in the central nervous system (CNS), improving cerebellar myelination and improved behavioural phenotypes in Npc1nih (Npc1-/-) mice. Furthermore, treatment with arimoclomol, a well-characterised HSP amplifier, attenuated lysosomal storage in NPC patient fibroblasts and improved neurological symptoms in Npc1-/- mice. Taken together, these findings prompted the investigation of the effects of HSP amplification on CNS myelination. METHODS We administered bimoclomol daily or rhHSP70 6 times per week to Npc1-/- (BALB/cNctr-Npc1m1N/J, also named Npc1nih) mice by intraperitoneal injection from P7 through P34 to investigate the impact on CNS myelination. The Src-kinase inhibitor saracatinib was administered with/without bimoclomol twice daily to explore the contribution of Fyn kinase to bimoclomol's effects. FINDINGS Treatment with either bimoclomol or rhHSP70 improved myelination and increased the numbers of mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) as well as the ratio of active-to-inactive forms of phosphorylated Fyn kinase in the cerebellum of Npc1-/- mice. Additionally, treatment with bimoclomol preserved cerebellar weight, an effect that was abrogated when co-administered with saracatinib, an inhibitor of Fyn kinase. Bimoclomol-treated mice also exhibited increased numbers of immature OLs within the cortex. INTERPRETATION These data increase our understanding of the mechanisms by which HSP70 regulates myelination and provide further support for the clinical development of HSP-amplifying therapies in the treatment of NPC. FUNDING Funding for this study was provided by Orphazyme A/S (Copenhagen, Denmark) and a Pathfinder Award from The Wellcome Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Gray
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | | | - Maysa Falah
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - David Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Claire Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ecem Kaya
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK
| | - Ashley M Palmer
- Orphazyme A/S, Ole Maaloes Vej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Cathrine K Fog
- Orphazyme A/S, Ole Maaloes Vej 3, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | | | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QT, UK.
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Distinct Cellular Tools of Mild Hyperthermia-Induced Acquired Stress Tolerance in Chinese Hamster Ovary Cells. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10051172. [PMID: 35625909 PMCID: PMC9138356 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10051172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mild stress could help cells to survive more severe environmental or pathophysiological conditions. In the current study, we investigated the cellular mechanisms which contribute to the development of stress tolerance upon a prolonged (0–12 h) fever-like (40 °C) or a moderate (42.5 °C) hyperthermia in mammalian Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells. Our results indicate that mild heat triggers a distinct, dose-dependent remodeling of the cellular lipidome followed by the expression of heat shock proteins only at higher heat dosages. A significant elevation in the relative concentration of saturated membrane lipid species and specific lysophosphatidylinositol and sphingolipid species suggests prompt membrane microdomain reorganization and an overall membrane rigidification in response to the fluidizing heat in a time-dependent manner. RNAseq experiments reveal that mild heat initiates endoplasmic reticulum stress-related signaling cascades resulting in lipid rearrangement and ultimately in an elevated resistance against membrane fluidization by benzyl alcohol. To protect cells against lethal, protein-denaturing high temperatures, the classical heat shock protein response was required. The different layers of stress response elicited by different heat dosages highlight the capability of cells to utilize multiple tools to gain resistance against or to survive lethal stress conditions.
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François-Moutal L, Scott DD, Ambrose AJ, Zerio CJ, Rodriguez-Sanchez M, Dissanayake K, May DG, Carlson JM, Barbieri E, Moutal A, Roux KJ, Shorter J, Khanna R, Barmada SJ, McGurk L, Khanna M. Heat shock protein Grp78/BiP/HspA5 binds directly to TDP-43 and mitigates toxicity associated with disease pathology. Sci Rep 2022; 12:8140. [PMID: 35581326 PMCID: PMC9114370 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12191-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease with no cure or effective treatment in which TAR DNA Binding Protein of 43 kDa (TDP-43) abnormally accumulates into misfolded protein aggregates in affected neurons. It is widely accepted that protein misfolding and aggregation promotes proteotoxic stress. The molecular chaperones are a primary line of defense against proteotoxic stress, and there has been long-standing interest in understanding the relationship between chaperones and aggregated protein in ALS. Of particular interest are the heat shock protein of 70 kDa (Hsp70) family of chaperones. However, defining which of the 13 human Hsp70 isoforms is critical for ALS has presented many challenges. To gain insight into the specific Hsp70 that modulates TDP-43, we investigated the relationship between TDP-43 and the Hsp70s using proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) and discovered several Hsp70 isoforms associated with TDP-43 in the nucleus, raising the possibility of an interaction with native TDP-43. We further found that HspA5 bound specifically to the RNA-binding domain of TDP-43 using recombinantly expressed proteins. Moreover, in a Drosophila strain that mimics ALS upon TDP-43 expression, the mRNA levels of the HspA5 homologue (Hsc70.3) were significantly increased. Similarly we observed upregulation of HspA5 in prefrontal cortex neurons from human ALS patients. Finally, overexpression of HspA5 in Drosophila rescued TDP-43-induced toxicity, suggesting that upregulation of HspA5 may have a compensatory role in ALS pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liberty François-Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - David Donald Scott
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Andrew J Ambrose
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Christopher J Zerio
- Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | | | - Kumara Dissanayake
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Danielle G May
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Jacob M Carlson
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Edward Barbieri
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Aubin Moutal
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kyle J Roux
- Enabling Technologies Group, Sanford Research, Sioux Falls, SD, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Pediatrics, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Rajesh Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Sami J Barmada
- Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Leeanne McGurk
- Cell and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dow Street, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - May Khanna
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA. .,Center for Innovation in Brain Science, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, NYU, New York, NY, USA. .,Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, NYU, 433 1st Ave, New York, NY, 10010, USA.
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de Oliveira AA, Mendoza VO, Rastogi S, Nunes KP. New insights into the role and therapeutic potential of HSP70 in diabetes. Pharmacol Res 2022; 178:106173. [PMID: 35278625 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Emerging evidence indicates that HSP70 represents a key mechanism in the pathophysiology of β-cell dysfunction, insulin resistance, and various diabetic complications, including micro- and macro-vascular alterations, as well as impaired hemostasis. Hyperglycemia, a hallmark of both types of diabetes, increases the circulating levels of HSP70 (eHSP70), but there is still divergence about whether diabetes up- or down-regulates the intracellular fraction of this protein (iHSP70). Here, we consider that iHSP70 levels reduce in diabetic arterial structures and that the vascular system is in direct contact with all other systems in the body suggesting that a systemic response might also be happening for iHSP70, which is characterized by decreased levels of HSP70 in the vasculature. Furthermore, although many pathways have been proposed to explain HSP70's functions in diabetes, and organs/tissues/cells-specific variations occur, the membrane-bound receptor of the innate immune system, Toll-like receptor 4, and its downstream signal transduction pathways appear to be a constant, not only when we explore the actions of eHSP70, but also when we assess the contributions of iHSP70. In this review, we focus on discussing the multiple roles of HSP70 across organs/tissues/cells affected by hyperglycemia to further explore the possibility of targeting this protein with pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches in the context of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Almeida de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Valentina Ochoa Mendoza
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Swasti Rastogi
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States
| | - Kenia Pedrosa Nunes
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and Sciences, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, United States.
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Georgiou M, Yang C, Atkinson R, Pan K, Buskin A, Molina MM, Collin J, Al‐Aama J, Goertler F, Ludwig SEJ, Davey T, Lührmann R, Nagaraja‐Grellscheid S, Johnson CA, Ali R, Armstrong L, Korolchuk V, Urlaub H, Mozaffari‐Jovin S, Lako M. Activation of autophagy reverses progressive and deleterious protein aggregation in PRPF31 patient-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e759. [PMID: 35297555 PMCID: PMC8926896 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in pre-mRNA processing factor 31 (PRPF31), a core protein of the spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex, cause autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). It has remained an enigma why mutations in ubiquitously expressed tri-snRNP proteins result in retina-specific disorders, and so far, the underlying mechanism of splicing factors-related RP is poorly understood. METHODS We used the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to generate retinal organoids and RPE models from four patients with severe and very severe PRPF31-adRP, unaffected individuals and a CRISPR/Cas9 isogenic control. RESULTS To fully assess the impacts of PRPF31 mutations, quantitative proteomics analyses of retinal organoids and RPE cells were carried out showing RNA splicing, autophagy and lysosome, unfolded protein response (UPR) and visual cycle-related pathways to be significantly affected. Strikingly, the patient-derived RPE and retinal cells were characterised by the presence of large amounts of cytoplasmic aggregates containing the mutant PRPF31 and misfolded, ubiquitin-conjugated proteins including key visual cycle and other RP-linked tri-snRNP proteins, which accumulated progressively with time. The mutant PRPF31 variant was not incorporated into splicing complexes, but reduction of PRPF31 wild-type levels led to tri-snRNP assembly defects in Cajal bodies of PRPF31 patient retinal cells, altered morphology of nuclear speckles and reduced formation of active spliceosomes giving rise to global splicing dysregulation. Moreover, the impaired waste disposal mechanisms further exacerbated aggregate formation, and targeting these by activating the autophagy pathway using Rapamycin reduced cytoplasmic aggregates, leading to improved cell survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that it is the progressive aggregate accumulation that overburdens the waste disposal machinery rather than direct PRPF31-initiated mis-splicing, and thus relieving the RPE cells from insoluble cytoplasmic aggregates presents a novel therapeutic strategy that can be combined with gene therapy studies to fully restore RPE and retinal cell function in PRPF31-adRP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgiou
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Chunbo Yang
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Robert Atkinson
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Kuan‐Ting Pan
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Adriana Buskin
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Joseph Collin
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Jumana Al‐Aama
- Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversitySaudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Tracey Davey
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Lyle Armstrong
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Henning Urlaub
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
- Bioanalytics, Department of Clinical ChemistryUniversity Medical CenterGoettingenGermany
| | - Sina Mozaffari‐Jovin
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
- Medical Genetics Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
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Quantitative Comparison of HSF1 Activators. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 64:873-887. [PMID: 35218516 PMCID: PMC9259536 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00467-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) pathway is a highly conserved rescue mechanism, which protects the cells from harmful insults disturbing the cellular protein homeostasis via expression of chaperones. Furthermore, it was demonstrated to play crucial roles in various diseases like neurodegeneration and cancer. For neurodegenerative diseases, an overexpression of chaperones is a potential therapeutic approach to clear the cells from non-functional protein aggregates. Therefore, activators of the HSR pathway and its master regulator HSF1 are under close observation. There are numerous HSR activators published in the literature using different model systems, experimental designs, and readout assays. The aim of this work was to provide a quantitative comparison of a broad range of published activators using a newly developed HSF responsive dual-luciferase cell line. Contrary to natural target genes, which are regulated by multiple input pathways, the artificial reporter exclusively reacts to HSF activity. In addition, the results were compared to endogenous heat shock protein expression. As a result, great differences in the intensity of pathway activation were observed. In addition, a parallel viability assessment revealed high variability in the specificity of the drugs. Furthermore, the differences seen compared to published data indicate that some activators exhibit tissue-specific differences leading to interesting assumptions about the regulation of HSF1.
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Odeh HM, Fare CM, Shorter J. Nuclear-Import Receptors Counter Deleterious Phase Transitions in Neurodegenerative Disease. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167220. [PMID: 34464655 PMCID: PMC8748273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear-import receptors (NIRs) engage nuclear-localization signals (NLSs) of polypeptides in the cytoplasm and transport these cargo across the size-selective barrier of the nuclear-pore complex into the nucleoplasm. Beyond this canonical role in nuclear transport, NIRs operate in the cytoplasm to chaperone and disaggregate NLS-bearing clients. Indeed, NIRs can inhibit and reverse functional and deleterious phase transitions of their cargo, including several prominent neurodegenerative disease-linked RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) with prion-like domains (PrLDs), such as TDP-43, FUS, EWSR1, TAF15, hnRNPA1, and hnRNPA2. Importantly, elevated NIR expression can mitigate degenerative phenotypes connected to aberrant cytoplasmic aggregation of RBPs with PrLDs. Here, we review recent discoveries that NIRs can also antagonize aberrant interactions and toxicity of arginine-rich, dipeptide-repeat proteins that are associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD) caused by G4C2 hexanucleotide repeat expansions in the first intron of C9ORF72. We also highlight recent findings that multiple NIR family members can prevent and reverse liquid-liquid phase separation of specific clients bearing RGG motifs in an NLS-independent manner. Finally, we discuss strategies to enhance NIR activity or expression, which could have therapeutic utility for several neurodegenerative disorders, including ALS, FTD, multisystem proteinopathy, limbic-predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy, tauopathies, and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana M Odeh
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Charlotte M Fare
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. https://twitter.com/CharlotteFare
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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12
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Shah S, Dooms MM, Amaral-Garcia S, Igoillo-Esteve M. Current Drug Repurposing Strategies for Rare Neurodegenerative Disorders. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:768023. [PMID: 34992533 PMCID: PMC8724568 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.768023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rare diseases are life-threatening or chronically debilitating low-prevalent disorders caused by pathogenic mutations or particular environmental insults. Due to their high complexity and low frequency, important gaps still exist in their prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Since new drug discovery is a very costly and time-consuming process, leading pharmaceutical companies show relatively low interest in orphan drug research and development due to the high cost of investments compared to the low market return of the product. Drug repurposing–based approaches appear then as cost- and time-saving strategies for the development of therapeutic opportunities for rare diseases. In this article, we discuss the scientific, regulatory, and economic aspects of the development of repurposed drugs for the treatment of rare neurodegenerative disorders with a particular focus on Huntington’s disease, Friedreich’s ataxia, Wolfram syndrome, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. The role of academia, pharmaceutical companies, patient associations, and foundations in the identification of candidate compounds and their preclinical and clinical evaluation will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweta Shah
- Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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13
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A standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem improves HSP70-mediated redox balance and cell functions in bovine cumulus-granulosa cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:18175. [PMID: 34518614 PMCID: PMC8437968 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-97632-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock (HS) protein 70 (HSP70), a well-known HS-induced protein, acts as an intracellular chaperone to protect cells against stress conditions. Although HS induces HSP70 expression to confer stress resistance to cells, HS causes cell toxicity by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. Recently, a standardized extract of Asparagus officinalis stem (EAS), produced from the byproduct of asparagus, has been shown to induce HSP70 expression without HS and regulate cellular redox balance in pheochromocytoma cells. However, the effects of EAS on reproductive cell function remain unknown. Here, we investigated the effect of EAS on HSP70 induction and oxidative redox balance in cultured bovine cumulus-granulosa (CG) cells. EAS significantly increased HSP70 expression; however, no effect was observed on HSP27 and HSP90 under non-HS conditions. EAS decreased ROS generation and DNA damage and increased glutathione (GSH) synthesis under both non-HS and HS conditions. Moreover, EAS synergistically increased HSP70 and HSF1 expression and increased progesterone levels in CG cells. Treatment with an HSP70 inhibitor significantly decreased GSH level, increased ROS level, and decreased HSF1, Nrf2, and Keap1 expression in the presence of EAS. Furthermore, EAS significantly increased progesterone synthesis. Thus, EAS improves HSP70-mediated redox balance and cell function in bovine CG cells.
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14
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Pipalia NH, Saad SZ, Subramanian K, Cross A, Al-Motawa A, Garg K, Blagg BSJ, Neckers L, Helquist P, Wiest O, Ory DS, Maxfield FR. HSP90 inhibitors reduce cholesterol storage in Niemann-Pick type C1 mutant fibroblasts. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100114. [PMID: 34481829 PMCID: PMC8517605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1) disease is a lysosomal lipid storage disorder caused by mutations of the NPC1 gene. More than 300 disease-associated mutations are reported in patients, resulting in abnormal accumulation of unesterified cholesterol, glycosphingolipids, and other lipids in late endosomes and lysosomes (LE/Ly) of many cell types. Previously, we showed that treatment of many different NPC1 mutant fibroblasts with histone deacetylase inhibitors resulted in reduction of cholesterol storage, and we found that this was associated with enhanced exit of the NPC1 protein from the endoplasmic reticulum and delivery to LE/Ly. This suggested that histone deacetylase inhibitors may work through changes in protein chaperones to enhance the folding of NPC1 mutants, allowing them to be delivered to LE/Ly. In this study, we evaluated the effect of several HSP90 inhibitors on NPC1I1061T skin fibroblasts. We found that HSP90 inhibition resulted in clearance of cholesterol from LE/Ly, and this was associated with enhanced delivery of the mutant NPC1I1061T protein to LE/Ly. We also observed that inhibition of HSP90 increased the expression of HSP70, and overexpression of HSP70 also reduced cholesterol storage in NPC1I1061T fibroblasts. However, we did not see correction of cholesterol storage by arimoclomol, a drug that is reported to increase HSP70 expression, at doses up to 0.5 mM. The increase in other chaperones as a consequence of HSP90 improves folding of NPC1 protein and relieves cholesterol accumulation in NPC1 mutant fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina H Pipalia
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Syed Z Saad
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kanagaraj Subramanian
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Abigail Cross
- Natural Sciences Department, Fordham University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Aisha Al-Motawa
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kunal Garg
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian S J Blagg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Len Neckers
- Urologic Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Olaf Wiest
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Daniel S Ory
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
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15
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Darling AL, Shorter J. Combating deleterious phase transitions in neurodegenerative disease. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:118984. [PMID: 33549703 PMCID: PMC7965345 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.118984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein aggregation is a hallmark of neurodegenerative diseases. However, the mechanism that induces pathogenic aggregation is not well understood. Recently, it has emerged that several of the pathological proteins found in an aggregated or mislocalized state in neurodegenerative diseases are also able to undergo liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) under physiological conditions. Although these phase transitions are likely important for various physiological functions, neurodegenerative disease-related mutations and conditions can alter the LLPS behavior of these proteins, which can elicit toxicity. Therefore, therapeutics that antagonize aberrant LLPS may be able to mitigate toxicity and aggregation that is ubiquitous in neurodegenerative disease. Here, we discuss the mechanisms by which aberrant protein phase transitions may contribute to neurodegenerative disease. We also outline potential therapeutic strategies to counter deleterious phases. State without borders: Membrane-less organelles and liquid-liquid phase transitions edited by Vladimir N Uversky.
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Affiliation(s)
- April L Darling
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - James Shorter
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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16
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McAlary L, Chew YL, Lum JS, Geraghty NJ, Yerbury JJ, Cashman NR. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Proteins, Proteostasis, Prions, and Promises. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:581907. [PMID: 33328890 PMCID: PMC7671971 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.581907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of the motor neurons that innervate muscle, resulting in gradual paralysis and culminating in the inability to breathe or swallow. This neuronal degeneration occurs in a spatiotemporal manner from a point of onset in the central nervous system (CNS), suggesting that there is a molecule that spreads from cell-to-cell. There is strong evidence that the onset and progression of ALS pathology is a consequence of protein misfolding and aggregation. In line with this, a hallmark pathology of ALS is protein deposition and inclusion formation within motor neurons and surrounding glia of the proteins TAR DNA-binding protein 43, superoxide dismutase-1, or fused in sarcoma. Collectively, the observed protein aggregation, in conjunction with the spatiotemporal spread of symptoms, strongly suggests a prion-like propagation of protein aggregation occurs in ALS. In this review, we discuss the role of protein aggregation in ALS concerning protein homeostasis (proteostasis) mechanisms and prion-like propagation. Furthermore, we examine the experimental models used to investigate these processes, including in vitro assays, cultured cells, invertebrate models, and murine models. Finally, we evaluate the therapeutics that may best prevent the onset or spread of pathology in ALS and discuss what lies on the horizon for treating this currently incurable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke McAlary
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Yee Lian Chew
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeremy Stephen Lum
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicholas John Geraghty
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin John Yerbury
- Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Horizons and School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Neil R. Cashman
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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17
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BGP-15 Protects Mitochondria in Acute, Acetaminophen Overdose Induced Liver Injury. Pathol Oncol Res 2019; 26:1797-1803. [PMID: 31705481 PMCID: PMC7297855 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-019-00721-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Acetaminophen (APAP) induced hepatotoxicity involves activation of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK), mitochondrial damage and ER stress. BGP-15, a hydroximic acid derivative, has been reported to have hepatoprotective effects in APAP overdose induced liver damage. Effect of BGP-15 was further investigated on mitochondria in APAP-overdose induced acute liver injury in mice. We found that BGP-15 efficiently preserved mitochondrial morphology, and it caused a marked decrease in the number of damaged mitochondria. Attenuation of mitochondrial damage by BGP-15 is supported by immunohistochemistry as the TOMM20 label and the co-localized autophagy markers detected in the livers of APAP-treated mice were markedly reduced upon BGP-15 administration. This effect, along with the observed prevention of JNK activation likely contribute to the mitochondrial protective action of BGP-15.
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18
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Dukay B, Csoboz B, Tóth ME. Heat-Shock Proteins in Neuroinflammation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:920. [PMID: 31507418 PMCID: PMC6718606 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat-shock response, one of the main pro-survival mechanisms of a living organism, has evolved as the biochemical response of cells to cope with heat stress. The most well-characterized aspect of the heat-shock response is the accumulation of a conserved set of proteins termed heat-shock proteins (HSPs). HSPs are key players in protein homeostasis acting as chaperones by aiding the folding and assembly of nascent proteins and protecting against protein aggregation. HSPs have been associated with neurological diseases in the context of their chaperone activity, as they were found to suppress the aggregation of misfolded toxic proteins. In recent times, HSPs have proven to have functions apart from the classical molecular chaperoning in that they play a role in a wider scale of neurological disorders by modulating neuronal survival, inflammation, and disease-specific signaling processes. HSPs are gaining importance based on their ability to fine-tune inflammation and act as immune modulators in various bodily fluids. However, their effect on neuroinflammation processes is not yet fully understood. In this review, we summarize the role of neuroinflammation in acute and chronic pathological conditions affecting the brain. Moreover, we seek to explore the existing literature on HSP-mediated inflammatory function within the central nervous system and compare the function of these proteins when they are localized intracellularly compared to being present in the extracellular milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Dukay
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.,Doctoral School in Biology, Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bálint Csoboz
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Melinda E Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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19
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Newton TM, Duce JA, Bayle ED. The proteostasis network provides targets for neurodegeneration. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:3508-3514. [PMID: 30820936 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The production, quality control, and degradation of proteins are a tightly controlled process necessary for cell health. In order to regulate this process, cells rely upon a network of molecular chaperone proteins that bind misfolded proteins and help them fold correctly. In addition, some molecular chaperones can target terminally misfolded proteins for degradation. Neurons are particularly dependent upon this "proteostasis" system, failures in which lead to neurodegenerative disease. In this review, we identify opportunities for modulating molecular chaperone activity with small molecules, which could lower the burden of misfolded protein within neurons, reducing cell death and ameliorating the effects of neurodegeneration. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Therapeutics for Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease: New Directions for Precision Medicine. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.18/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Mark Newton
- ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge Island Research Building Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK.,Reflection Therapeutics, IdeaSpace, University of Cambridge Biomedical Innovation Hub, Cambridge, UK
| | - James Alex Duce
- ALBORADA Drug Discovery Institute, University of Cambridge Island Research Building Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0AH, UK
| | - Elliott David Bayle
- Alzheimer's Research UK UCL Drug Discovery Institute, University College London, London, UK.,The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, Kings Cross, London, NW1 1AT, UK
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20
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Gertsman I, Wuu J, McAlonis-Downes M, Ghassemian M, Ling K, Rigo F, Bennett F, Benatar M, Miller TM, Da Cruz S. An endogenous peptide marker differentiates SOD1 stability and facilitates pharmacodynamic monitoring in SOD1 amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:122768. [PMID: 31092730 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of novel biomarkers has emerged as a critical need for therapeutic development in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). For some subsets of ALS, such as the genetic superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) form, exciting new treatment strategies, such as antisense oligonucleotide-mediated (ASO-mediated) SOD1 silencing, are being tested in clinical trials, so the identification of pharmacodynamic biomarkers for therapeutic monitoring is essential. We identify increased levels of a 7-amino acid endogenous peptide of SOD1 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of human SOD1 mutation carriers but not in other neurological cases or nondiseased controls. Levels of peptide elevation vary based on the specific SOD1 mutation (ranging from 1.1-fold greater than control in D90A to nearly 30-fold greater in V148G) and correlate with previously published measurements of SOD1 stability. Using a mass spectrometry-based method (liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry), we quantified peptides in both extracellular samples (CSF) and intracellular samples (spinal cord from rat) to demonstrate that the peptide distinguishes mutation-specific differences in intracellular SOD1 degradation. Furthermore, 80% and 63% reductions of the peptide were measured in SOD1G93A and SOD1H46R rat CSF samples, respectively, following treatment with ASO, with an improved correlation to mRNA levels in spinal cords compared with the ELISA measuring intact SOD1 protein. These data demonstrate the potential of this peptide as a pharmacodynamic biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Gertsman
- Biochemical Genetics and Metabolomics Laboratory, Department of Pediatrics, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.,Clarus Analytical, LLC, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Joanne Wuu
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | | | - Majid Ghassemian
- Biomolecular/Proteomics Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Karen Ling
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | - Frank Rigo
- Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Carlsbad, California, USA
| | | | - Michael Benatar
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Timothy M Miller
- Department of Neurology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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21
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Verdile V, De Paola E, Paronetto MP. Aberrant Phase Transitions: Side Effects and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Human Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:173. [PMID: 30967892 PMCID: PMC6440380 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phase separation is a physiological process occurring spontaneously when single-phase molecular complexes separate in two phases, a concentrated phase and a more diluted one. Eukaryotic cells employ phase transition strategies to promote the formation of intracellular territories not delimited by membranes with increased local RNA concentration, such as nucleolus, paraspeckles, P granules, Cajal bodies, P-bodies, and stress granules. These organelles contain both proteins and coding and non-coding RNAs and play important roles in different steps of the regulation of gene expression and in cellular signaling. Recently, it has been shown that most human RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) contain at least one low-complexity domain, called prion-like domain (PrLD), because proteins harboring them display aggregation properties like prion proteins. PrLDs support RBP function and contribute to liquid–liquid phase transitions that drive ribonucleoprotein granule assembly, but also render RBPs prone to misfolding by promoting the formation of pathological aggregates that lead to toxicity in specific cell types. Protein–protein and protein-RNA interactions within the separated phase can enhance the transition of RBPs into solid aberrant aggregates, thus causing diseases. In this review, we highlight the role of phase transition in human disease such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and in cancer. Moreover, we discuss novel therapeutic strategies focused to control phase transitions by preventing the conversion into aberrant aggregates. In this regard, the stimulation of chaperone machinery to disassemble membrane-less organelles, the induction of pathways that could inhibit aberrant phase separation, and the development of antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) to knockdown RNAs could be evaluated as novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of those human diseases characterized by aberrant phase transition aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Verdile
- University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa De Paola
- University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Paronetto
- University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, Italy.,Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
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22
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Cavanagh RJ, Smith PA, Stolnik S. Exposure to a Nonionic Surfactant Induces a Response Akin to Heat-Shock Apoptosis in Intestinal Epithelial Cells: Implications for Excipients Safety. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:618-631. [PMID: 30608696 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Amphipathic, nonionic, surfactants are widely used in pharmaceutical, food, and agricultural industry to enhance product features; as pharmaceutical excipients, they are also aimed at increasing cell membrane permeability and consequently improving oral drugs absorption. Here, we report on the concentration- and time-dependent succession of events occurring throughout and subsequent exposure of Caco-2 epithelium to a "typical" nonionic surfactant (Kolliphor HS15) to provide a molecular explanation for nonionic surfactant cytotoxicity. The study shows that the conditions of surfactant exposure, which increase plasma membrane fluidity and permeability, produced rapid (within 5 min) redox and mitochondrial effects. Apoptosis was triggered early during exposure (within 10 min) and relied upon an initial mitochondrial membrane hyperpolarization (5-10 min) as a crucial step, leading to its subsequent depolarization and caspase-3/7 activation (60 min). The apoptotic pathway appears to be triggered prior to substantial surfactant-induced membrane damage (observed ≥60 min). We hence propose that the cellular response to the model nonionic surfactant is triggered via surfactant-induced increase in plasma membrane fluidity, a phenomenon akin to the stress response to membrane fluidization induced by heat shock, and consequent apoptosis. Therefore, the fluidization effect that confers surfactants the ability to enhance drug permeability may also be intrinsically linked to the propagation of their cytotoxicity. The reported observations have important implications for the safety of a multitude of nonionic surfactants used in drug delivery formulations and to other permeability enhancing compounds with similar plasma membrane fluidizing mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Cavanagh
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Paul A Smith
- School of Life Science , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
| | - Snow Stolnik
- Division of Molecular Therapeutics and Formulation, School of Pharmacy , University of Nottingham , Nottingham NG7 2RD , United Kingdom
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23
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Fog CK, Zago P, Malini E, Solanko LM, Peruzzo P, Bornaes C, Magnoni R, Mehmedbasic A, Petersen NHT, Bembi B, Aerts JFMG, Dardis A, Kirkegaard T. The heat shock protein amplifier arimoclomol improves refolding, maturation and lysosomal activity of glucocerebrosidase. EBioMedicine 2018; 38:142-153. [PMID: 30497978 PMCID: PMC6306395 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gaucher Disease is caused by mutations of the GBA gene which encodes the lysosomal enzyme acid beta-glucosidase (GCase). GBA mutations commonly affect GCase function by perturbing its protein homeostasis rather than its catalytic activity. Heat shock proteins are well known cytoprotective molecules with functions in protein homeostasis and lysosomal function and their manipulation has been suggested as a potential therapeutic strategy for GD. The investigational drug arimoclomol, which is in phase II/III clinical trials, is a well-characterized HSP amplifier and has been extensively clinically tested. Importantly, arimoclomol efficiently crosses the blood-brain-barrier presenting an opportunity to target the neurological manifestations of GD, which remains without a disease-modifying therapy. METHODS We used a range of biological and biochemical in vitro assays to assess the effect of arimoclomol on GCase activity in ex vivo systems of primary fibroblasts and neuronal-like cells from GD patients. FINDINGS We found that arimoclomol induced relevant HSPs such as ER-resident HSP70 (BiP) and enhanced the folding, maturation, activity, and correct cellular localization of mutated GCase across several genotypes including the common L444P and N370S mutations in primary cells from GD patients. These effects where recapitulated in a human neuronal model of GD obtained by differentiation of multipotent adult stem cells. INTERPRETATION These data demonstrate the potential of HSP-targeting therapies in GCase-deficiencies and strongly support the clinical development of arimoclomol as a potential therapeutic option for the neuronopathic forms of GD. FUNDING The research was funded by Orphazyme A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathrine K Fog
- Orphazyme A/S, Ole Maaloes vej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paola Zago
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Udine, Italy
| | - Erika Malini
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Udine, Italy
| | | | - Paolo Peruzzo
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Udine, Italy
| | - Claus Bornaes
- Orphazyme A/S, Ole Maaloes vej 3, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Bruno Bembi
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Udine, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Dardis
- Regional Coordinator Centre for Rare Diseases, Academic Hospital "Santa Maria della Misericordia", Udine, Italy
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van Eden W. Immune tolerance therapies for autoimmune diseases based on heat shock protein T-cell epitopes. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2018; 373:rstb.2016.0531. [PMID: 29203716 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2016.0531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental models of autoimmune diseases have revealed the disease protective role of heat shock proteins (HSPs). Both the administration of exogenous extracellular, mostly recombinant, HSP and the experimental co-induction of endogenous intracellular HSP in models have been shown to lead to production of disease protective regulatory T cells (Tregs). Similar to HSP taken up from extracellular bodily fluids, due to stress-related autophagy upregulated HSP also from intracellular sources is a major provider for the major histocompatibility class II (MHCII) ligandome; therefore, both extracellular and intracellular HSP can be prominent targets of Treg. The development of therapeutic peptide vaccines for the restoration of immune tolerance in inflammatory diseases is an area of intensive research. In this area, HSPs are a target for tolerance-inducing T-cell therapy, because of their wide expression in inflamed tissues. In humans, in whom the actual disease trigger is frequently unknown, HSP peptides offer chances for tolerance-promoting interventions through induction of HSP-specific Treg. Recently, we have shown the ability of a bacterial HSP70-derived peptide, HSP70-B29, to induce HSP-specific Tregs that suppressed arthritis by cross-recognition of their mammalian HSP70 homologues, abundantly present in the MHCII ligandome of stressed mouse and human antigen-presenting cells in inflamed tissues.This article is part of the theme issue 'Heat shock proteins as modulators and therapeutic targets of chronic disease: an integrated perspective'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willem van Eden
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Utrecht University, Yalelaan 1, 3584CL Utrecht, The Netherlands
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25
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Miragem AA, Homem de Bittencourt PI. Nitric oxide-heat shock protein axis in menopausal hot flushes: neglected metabolic issues of chronic inflammatory diseases associated with deranged heat shock response. Hum Reprod Update 2018; 23:600-628. [PMID: 28903474 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmx020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although some unequivocal underlying mechanisms of menopausal hot flushes have been demonstrated in animal models, the paucity of similar approaches in humans impedes further mechanistic outcomes. Human studies might show some as yet unexpected physiological mechanisms of metabolic adaptation that permeate the phase of decreased oestrogen levels in both symptomatic and asymptomatic women. This is particularly relevant because both the severity and time span of hot flushes are associated with increased risk of chronic inflammatory disease. On the other hand, oestrogen induces the expression of heat shock proteins of the 70 kDa family (HSP70), which are anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective protein chaperones, whose expression is modulated by different types of physiologically stressful situations, including heat stress and exercise. Therefore, lower HSP70 expression secondary to oestrogen deficiency increases cardiovascular risk and predisposes the patient to senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) that culminates in chronic inflammatory diseases, such as obesities, type 2 diabetes, neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review focuses on HSP70 and its accompanying heat shock response (HSR), which is an anti-inflammatory and antisenescent pathway whose intracellular triggering is also oestrogen-dependent via nitric oxide (NO) production. The main goal of the manuscript was to show that the vasomotor symptoms that accompany hot flushes may be a disguised clue for important neuroendocrine alterations linking oestrogen deficiency to the anti-inflammatory HSR. SEARCH METHODS Results from our own group and recent evidence on hypothalamic control of central temperature guided a search on PubMed and Google Scholar websites. OUTCOMES Oestrogen elicits rapid production of the vasodilatory gas NO, a powerful activator of HSP70 expression. Whence, part of the protective effects of oestrogen over cardiovascular and neuroendocrine systems is tied to its capacity of inducing the NO-elicited HSR. The hypothalamic areas involved in thermoregulation (infundibular nucleus in humans and arcuate nucleus in other mammals) and whose neurons are known to have their function altered after long-term oestrogen ablation, particularly kisspeptin-neurokinin B-dynorphin neurons, (KNDy) are the same that drive neuroprotective expression of HSP70 and, in many cases, this response is via NO even in the absence of oestrogen. From thence, it is not illogical that hot flushes might be related to an evolutionary adaptation to re-equip the NO-HSP70 axis during the downfall of circulating oestrogen. WIDER IMPLICATIONS Understanding of HSR could shed light on yet uncovered mechanisms of menopause-associated diseases as well as on possible manipulation of HSR in menopausal women through physiological, pharmacological, nutraceutical and prebiotic interventions. Moreover, decreased HSR indices (that can be clinically determined with ease) in perimenopause could be of prognostic value in predicting the moment and appropriateness of starting a HRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antônio Azambuja Miragem
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, ICBS, 2nd Floor, Suite 350, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil.,Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology 'Farroupilha', Rua Uruguai 1675, Santa Rosa, RS 98900-000, Brazil
| | - Paulo Ivo Homem de Bittencourt
- Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Department of Physiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, ICBS, 2nd Floor, Suite 350, Porto Alegre, RS 90050-170, Brazil
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26
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Kasza Á, Hunya Á, Frank Z, Fülöp F, Török Z, Balogh G, Sántha M, Bálind Á, Bernáth S, Blundell KLIM, Prodromou C, Horváth I, Zeiler HJ, Hooper PL, Vigh L, Penke B. Dihydropyridine Derivatives Modulate Heat Shock Responses and have a Neuroprotective Effect in a Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2018; 53:557-71. [PMID: 27163800 PMCID: PMC4969717 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (Hsps) have chaperone activity and play a pivotal role in the homeostasis of proteins by preventing misfolding, by clearing aggregated and damaged proteins from cells, and by maintaining proteins in an active state. Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is thought to be caused by amyloid-β peptide that triggers tau hyperphosphorylation, which is neurotoxic. Although proteostasis capacity declines with age and facilitates the manifestation of neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, the upregulation of chaperones improves prognosis. Our research goal is to identify potent Hsp co-inducers that enhance protein homeostasis for the treatment of AD, especially 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives optimized for their ability to modulate cellular stress responses. Based on favorable toxicological data and Hsp co-inducing activity, LA1011 was selected for the in vivo analysis of its neuroprotective effect in the APPxPS1 mouse model of AD. Here, we report that 6 months of LA1011 administration effectively improved the spatial learning and memory functions in wild type mice and eliminated neurodegeneration in double mutant mice. Furthermore, Hsp co-inducer therapy preserves the number of neurons, increases dendritic spine density, and reduces tau pathology and amyloid plaque formation in transgenic AD mice. In conclusion, the Hsp co-inducer LA1011 is neuroprotective and therefore is a potential pharmaceutical candidate for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, particularly AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágnes Kasza
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ákos Hunya
- LipidArt Research and Development Ltd., Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Frank
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Török
- LipidArt Research and Development Ltd., Szeged, Hungary.,Biological Research Center of HAS, Institute of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Biological Research Center of HAS, Institute of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Miklós Sántha
- Biological Research Center of HAS, Institute of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Árpád Bálind
- Biological Research Center of HAS, Institute of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - Ibolya Horváth
- Biological Research Center of HAS, Institute of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Philip L Hooper
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Medical School, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - László Vigh
- Biological Research Center of HAS, Institute of Biochemistry, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Botond Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Hungary
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27
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Penke B, Bogár F, Crul T, Sántha M, Tóth ME, Vígh L. Heat Shock Proteins and Autophagy Pathways in Neuroprotection: from Molecular Bases to Pharmacological Interventions. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E325. [PMID: 29361800 PMCID: PMC5796267 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19010325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Huntington's disease (HD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and prion diseases are all characterized by the accumulation of protein aggregates (amyloids) into inclusions and/or plaques. The ubiquitous presence of amyloids in NDDs suggests the involvement of disturbed protein homeostasis (proteostasis) in the underlying pathomechanisms. This review summarizes specific mechanisms that maintain proteostasis, including molecular chaperons, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), endoplasmic reticulum associated degradation (ERAD), and different autophagic pathways (chaperon mediated-, micro-, and macro-autophagy). The role of heat shock proteins (Hsps) in cellular quality control and degradation of pathogenic proteins is reviewed. Finally, putative therapeutic strategies for efficient removal of cytotoxic proteins from neurons and design of new therapeutic targets against the progression of NDDs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Botond Penke
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
| | - Ferenc Bogár
- Department of Medical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
- MTA-SZTE Biomimetic Systems Research Group, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Dóm Square 8, Hungary.
| | - Tim Crul
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - Miklós Sántha
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - Melinda E Tóth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62, Hungary.
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28
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Kirkegaard T, Gray J, Priestman DA, Wallom KL, Atkins J, Olsen OD, Klein A, Drndarski S, Petersen NHT, Ingemann L, Smith DA, Morris L, Bornæs C, Jørgensen SH, Williams I, Hinsby A, Arenz C, Begley D, Jäättelä M, Platt FM. Heat shock protein-based therapy as a potential candidate for treating the sphingolipidoses. Sci Transl Med 2017; 8:355ra118. [PMID: 27605553 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad9823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs) often manifest with severe systemic and central nervous system (CNS) symptoms. The existing treatment options are limited and have no or only modest efficacy against neurological manifestations of disease. We demonstrate that recombinant human heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) improves the binding of several sphingolipid-degrading enzymes to their essential cofactor bis(monoacyl)glycerophosphate in vitro. HSP70 treatment reversed lysosomal pathology in primary fibroblasts from 14 patients with eight different LSDs. HSP70 penetrated effectively into murine tissues including the CNS and inhibited glycosphingolipid accumulation in murine models of Fabry disease (Gla(-/-)), Sandhoff disease (Hexb(-/-)), and Niemann-Pick disease type C (Npc1(-/-)) and attenuated a wide spectrum of disease-associated neurological symptoms in Hexb(-/-) and Npc1(-/-) mice. Oral administration of arimoclomol, a small-molecule coinducer of HSPs that is currently in clinical trials for Niemann-Pick disease type C (NPC), recapitulated the effects of recombinant human HSP70, suggesting that heat shock protein-based therapies merit clinical evaluation for treating LSDs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Gray
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | | | - Jennifer Atkins
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Ole Dines Olsen
- Orphazyme ApS, Copenhagen, Denmark. Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling, and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Klein
- Institut für Chemie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | | | - David A Smith
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Lauren Morris
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | | | - Ian Williams
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | | | - Christoph Arenz
- Institut für Chemie der Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Begley
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London, U.K
| | - Marja Jäättelä
- Cell Death and Metabolism Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling, and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frances M Platt
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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29
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Budzyński MA, Crul T, Himanen SV, Toth N, Otvos F, Sistonen L, Vigh L. Chaperone co-inducer BGP-15 inhibits histone deacetylases and enhances the heat shock response through increased chromatin accessibility. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:717-728. [PMID: 28474205 PMCID: PMC5573690 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0798-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in cellular protein homeostasis are associated with many severe and prevalent pathological conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases, muscle dystrophies, and metabolic disorders. One way to counteract these defects is to improve the protein homeostasis capacity through induction of the heat shock response. Despite numerous attempts to develop strategies for chemical activation of the heat shock response by heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1), the underlying mechanisms of drug candidates' mode of action are poorly understood. To lower the threshold for the heat shock response activation, we used the chaperone co-inducer BGP-15 that was previously shown to have beneficial effects on several proteinopathic disease models. We found that BGP-15 treatment combined with heat stress caused a substantial increase in HSF1-dependent heat shock protein 70 (HSPA1A/B) expression already at a febrile range of temperatures. Moreover, BGP-15 alone inhibited the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs), thereby increasing chromatin accessibility at multiple genomic loci including the stress-inducible HSPA1A. Intriguingly, treatment with well-known potent HDAC inhibitors trichostatin A and valproic acid enhanced the heat shock response and improved cytoprotection. These results present a new pharmacological strategy for restoring protein homeostasis by inhibiting HDACs, increasing chromatin accessibility, and lowering the threshold for heat shock response activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek A Budzyński
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Tim Crul
- Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Samu V Himanen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland
| | - Noemi Toth
- Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Otvos
- Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6726, Hungary
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
- Turku Centre for Biotechnology, Åbo Akademi University and University of Turku, FI-20520, Turku, Finland.
| | - Laszlo Vigh
- Biological Research Centre of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, 6726, Hungary.
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30
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Desai AJ, Miller LJ. Changes in the plasma membrane in metabolic disease: impact of the membrane environment on G protein-coupled receptor structure and function. Br J Pharmacol 2017; 175:4009-4025. [PMID: 28691227 DOI: 10.1111/bph.13943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug development targeting GPCRs often utilizes model heterologous cell expression systems, reflecting an implicit assumption that the membrane environment has little functional impact on these receptors or on their responsiveness to drugs. However, much recent data have illustrated that membrane components can have an important functional impact on intrinsic membrane proteins. This review is directed toward gaining a better understanding of the structure of the plasma membrane in health and disease, and how this organelle can influence GPCR structure, function and regulation. It is important to recognize that the membrane provides a potential mode of lateral allosteric regulation of GPCRs and can affect the effectiveness of drugs and their biological responses in various disease states, which can even vary among individuals across the population. The type 1 cholecystokinin receptor is reviewed as an exemplar of a class A GPCR that is affected in this way by changes in the plasma membrane. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Molecular Pharmacology of GPCRs. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.21/issuetoc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya J Desai
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Laurence J Miller
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
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31
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Escribá PV. Membrane-lipid therapy: A historical perspective of membrane-targeted therapies - From lipid bilayer structure to the pathophysiological regulation of cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1493-1506. [PMID: 28577973 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Our current understanding of membrane lipid composition, structure and functions has led to the investigation of their role in cell signaling, both in healthy and pathological cells. As a consequence, therapies based on the regulation of membrane lipid composition and structure have been recently developed. This novel field, known as Membrane Lipid Therapy, is growing and evolving rapidly, providing treatments that are now in use or that are being studied for their application to oncological disorders, Alzheimer's disease, spinal cord injury, stroke, diabetes, obesity, and neuropathic pain. This field has arisen from relevant discoveries on the behavior of membranes in recent decades, and it paves the way to adopt new approaches in modern pharmacology and nutrition. This innovative area will promote further investigation into membranes and the development of new therapies with molecules that target the cell membrane. Due to the prominent roles of membranes in the cells' physiology and the paucity of therapeutic approaches based on the regulation of the lipids they contain, it is expected that membrane lipid therapy will provide new treatments for numerous pathologies. The first on-purpose rationally designed molecule in this field, minerval, is currently being tested in clinical trials and it is expected to enter the market around 2020. However, it seems feasible that during the next few decades other membrane regulators will also be marketed for the treatment of human pathologies. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Escribá
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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32
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Dumas F, Haanappel E. Lipids in infectious diseases - The case of AIDS and tuberculosis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1636-1647. [PMID: 28535936 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play a central role in many infectious diseases. AIDS (Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome) and tuberculosis are two of the deadliest infectious diseases to have struck mankind. The pathogens responsible for these diseases, Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 and Mycobacterium tuberculosis, rely on lipids and on lipid membrane properties to gain access to their host cells, to persist in them and ultimately to egress from their hosts. In this Review, we discuss the life cycles of these pathogens and the roles played by lipids and membranes. We then give an overview of therapies that target lipid metabolism, modulate host membrane properties or implement lipid-based drug delivery systems. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice Dumas
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France.
| | - Evert Haanappel
- Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, UPS, France
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33
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Webster CP, Smith EF, Shaw PJ, De Vos KJ. Protein Homeostasis in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: Therapeutic Opportunities? Front Mol Neurosci 2017; 10:123. [PMID: 28512398 PMCID: PMC5411428 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2017.00123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein homeostasis (proteostasis), the correct balance between production and degradation of proteins, is essential for the health and survival of cells. Proteostasis requires an intricate network of protein quality control pathways (the proteostasis network) that work to prevent protein aggregation and maintain proteome health throughout the lifespan of the cell. Collapse of proteostasis has been implicated in the etiology of a number of neurodegenerative diseases, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), the most common adult onset motor neuron disorder. Here, we review the evidence linking dysfunctional proteostasis to the etiology of ALS and discuss how ALS-associated insults affect the proteostasis network. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic benefit of proteostasis network modulation in ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher P Webster
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - Emma F Smith
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - Pamela J Shaw
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
| | - Kurt J De Vos
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), Department of Neuroscience, University of SheffieldSheffield, UK
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34
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Escribá PV. WITHDRAWN: Membrane-lipid therapy: A historical perspective of membrane-targeted therapies-From lipid bilayer structure to the pathophysiological regulation of cells. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2017:S0005-2736(17)30139-6. [PMID: 28476630 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.05.017. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Escribá
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
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35
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Bose S, Cho J. Targeting chaperones, heat shock factor-1, and unfolded protein response: Promising therapeutic approaches for neurodegenerative disorders. Ageing Res Rev 2017; 35:155-175. [PMID: 27702699 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2016.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Revised: 09/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Protein misfolding, which is known to cause several serious diseases, is an emerging field that addresses multiple therapeutic areas. Misfolding of a disease-specific protein in the central nervous system ultimately results in the formation of toxic aggregates that may accumulate in the brain, leading to neuronal cell death and dysfunction, and associated clinical manifestations. A large number of neurodegenerative diseases in humans, including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's, and prion diseases, are primarily caused by protein misfolding and aggregation. Notably, the cellular system is equipped with a protein quality control system encompassing chaperones, ubiquitin proteasome system, and autophagy, as a defense mechanism that monitors protein folding and eliminates inappropriately folded proteins. As the intrinsic molecular mechanisms of protein misfolding become more clearly understood, the novel therapeutic approaches in this arena are gaining considerable interest. The present review will describe the chaperones network and different approaches as the therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative diseases. Current and emerging therapeutic approaches to combat neurodegenerative diseases, addressing the roles of molecular, chemical, and pharmacological chaperones, as well as heat shock factor-1 and the unfolded protein response, are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shambhunath Bose
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsook Cho
- College of Pharmacy, Dongguk University-Seoul, Goyang, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea.
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36
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Casas J, Ibarguren M, Álvarez R, Terés S, Lladó V, Piotto SP, Concilio S, Busquets X, López DJ, Escribá PV. G protein-membrane interactions II: Effect of G protein-linked lipids on membrane structure and G protein-membrane interactions. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2017; 1859:1526-1535. [PMID: 28411171 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2017] [Revised: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
G proteins often bear myristoyl, palmitoyl and isoprenyl moieties, which favor their association with the membrane and their accumulation in G Protein Coupled Receptor-rich microdomains. These lipids influence the biophysical properties of membranes and thereby modulate G protein binding to bilayers. In this context, we showed here that geranylgeraniol, but neither myristate nor palmitate, increased the inverted hexagonal (HII) phase propensity of phosphatidylethanolamine-containing membranes. While myristate and palmitate preferentially associated with phosphatidylcholine membranes, geranylgeraniol favored nonlamellar-prone membranes. In addition, Gαi1 monomers had a higher affinity for lamellar phases, while Gβγ and Gαβγ showed a marked preference for nonlamellar prone membranes. Moreover, geranylgeraniol enhanced the binding of G protein dimers and trimers to phosphatidylethanolamine-containing membranes, yet it decreased that of monomers. By contrast, both myristate and palmitate increased the Gαi1 preference for lamellar membranes. Palmitoylation reinforced the binding of the monomer to PC membranes and myristoylation decreased its binding to PE-enriched bilayer. Finally, binding of dimers and trimers to lamellar-prone membranes was decreased by palmitate and myristate, but it was increased in nonlamellar-prone bilayers. These results demonstrate that co/post-translational G protein lipid modifications regulate the membrane lipid structure and that they influence the physico-chemical properties of membranes, which in part explains why G protein subunits sort to different plasma membrane domains. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Membrane Lipid Therapy: Drugs Targeting Biomembranes edited by Pablo V. Escribá.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Casas
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Maitane Ibarguren
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Lipopharma Therapeutics, S.L., ParcBit, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Rafael Álvarez
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Silvia Terés
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Lipopharma Therapeutics, S.L., ParcBit, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Victoria Lladó
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Stefano P Piotto
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Simona Concilio
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, 84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - David J López
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain; Lipopharma Therapeutics, S.L., ParcBit, 07121 Palma de Mallorca, Spain.
| | - Pablo V Escribá
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
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Ousman SS, Frederick A, Lim EMF. Chaperone Proteins in the Central Nervous System and Peripheral Nervous System after Nerve Injury. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:79. [PMID: 28270745 PMCID: PMC5318438 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Injury to axons of the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS) is accompanied by the upregulation and downregulation of numerous molecules that are involved in mediating nerve repair, or in augmentation of the original damage. Promoting the functions of beneficial factors while reducing the properties of injurious agents determines whether regeneration and functional recovery ensues. A number of chaperone proteins display reduced or increased expression following CNS and PNS damage (crush, transection, contusion) where their roles have generally been found to be protective. For example, chaperones are involved in mediating survival of damaged neurons, promoting axon regeneration and remyelination and, improving behavioral outcomes. We review here the various chaperone proteins that are involved after nervous system axonal damage, the functions that they impact in the CNS and PNS, and the possible mechanisms by which they act.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalina S Ousman
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ariana Frederick
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Cell Biology & Anatomy, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Erin-Mai F Lim
- Department of Neuroscience, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
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Ahmed M, Machado PM, Miller A, Spicer C, Herbelin L, He J, Noel J, Wang Y, McVey AL, Pasnoor M, Gallagher P, Statland J, Lu CH, Kalmar B, Brady S, Sethi H, Samandouras G, Parton M, Holton JL, Weston A, Collinson L, Taylor JP, Schiavo G, Hanna MG, Barohn RJ, Dimachkie MM, Greensmith L. Targeting protein homeostasis in sporadic inclusion body myositis. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:331ra41. [PMID: 27009270 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aad4583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is the commonest severe myopathy in patients more than 50 years of age. Previous therapeutic trials have targeted the inflammatory features of sIBM but all have failed. Because protein dyshomeostasis may also play a role in sIBM, we tested the effects of targeting this feature of the disease. Using rat myoblast cultures, we found that up-regulation of the heat shock response with arimoclomol reduced key pathological markers of sIBM in vitro. Furthermore, in mutant valosin-containing protein (VCP) mice, which develop an inclusion body myopathy, treatment with arimoclomol ameliorated disease pathology and improved muscle function. We therefore evaluated arimoclomol in an investigator-led, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, proof-of-concept trial in sIBM patients and showed that arimoclomol was safe and well tolerated. Although arimoclomol improved some IBM-like pathology in the mutant VCP mouse, we did not see statistically significant evidence of efficacy in the proof-of-concept patient trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mhoriam Ahmed
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Pedro M Machado
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Adrian Miller
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Charlotte Spicer
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Laura Herbelin
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Jianghua He
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Janelle Noel
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Yunxia Wang
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - April L McVey
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mamatha Pasnoor
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Philip Gallagher
- Department of Health, Sport, and Exercise Science, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045-7567, USA
| | - Jeffrey Statland
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Ching-Hua Lu
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Bernadett Kalmar
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Stefen Brady
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Huma Sethi
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - George Samandouras
- Victor Horsley Department of Neurosurgery, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, UCL Hospitals, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Matt Parton
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Anne Weston
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Lucy Collinson
- The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - J Paul Taylor
- Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105-3678, USA
| | - Giampietro Schiavo
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Michael G Hanna
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Richard J Barohn
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Mazen M Dimachkie
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Mail Stop 2012, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK. Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London WC1N 3BG, UK.
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Kennedy TL, Swiderski K, Murphy KT, Gehrig SM, Curl CL, Chandramouli C, Febbraio MA, Delbridge LMD, Koopman R, Lynch GS. BGP-15 Improves Aspects of the Dystrophic Pathology in mdx and dko Mice with Differing Efficacies in Heart and Skeletal Muscle. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2016; 186:3246-3260. [PMID: 27750047 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 08/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy is a severe and progressive striated muscle wasting disorder that leads to premature death from respiratory and/or cardiac failure. We have previously shown that treatment of young dystrophic mdx and dystrophin/utrophin null (dko) mice with BGP-15, a coinducer of heat shock protein 72, ameliorated the dystrophic pathology. We therefore tested the hypothesis that later-stage BGP-15 treatment would similarly benefit older mdx and dko mice when the dystrophic pathology was already well established. Later stage treatment of mdx or dko mice with BGP-15 did not improve maximal force of tibialis anterior (TA) muscles (in situ) or diaphragm muscle strips (in vitro). However, collagen deposition (fibrosis) was reduced in TA muscles of BGP-15-treated dko mice but unchanged in TA muscles of treated mdx mice and diaphragm of treated mdx and dko mice. We also examined whether BGP-15 treatment could ameliorate aspects of the cardiac pathology, and in young dko mice it reduced collagen deposition and improved both membrane integrity and systolic function. These results confirm BGP-15's ability to improve aspects of the dystrophic pathology but with differing efficacies in heart and skeletal muscles at different stages of the disease progression. These findings support a role for BGP-15 among a suite of pharmacological therapies for Duchenne muscular dystrophy and related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahnee L Kennedy
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Kristy Swiderski
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Kate T Murphy
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Stefan M Gehrig
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Claire L Curl
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Chanchal Chandramouli
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Mark A Febbraio
- Baker IDI Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lea M D Delbridge
- Cardiac Phenomics Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - René Koopman
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - Gordon S Lynch
- Basic and Clinical Myology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria.
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Abstract
Diabetes is a chronic disease, and its prevalence continues to rise and can increase the risk for the progression of microvascular (such as nephropathy, retinopathy and neuropathy) and also macrovascular complications. Diabetes is a condition in which the oxidative stress and inflammation rise. Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are a highly conserved family of proteins that are expressed by all cells exposed to environmental stress, and they have diverse functions. In patients with diabetes, the expression and levels of HSPs decrease, but these chaperones can aid in improving some complications of diabetes, such as oxidative stress and inflammation. (The suppression of some HSPs is associated with a generalized increase in tissue inflammation.) In this review, we summarize the current understanding of HSPs in diabetes as well as their complications, and we also highlight their potential role as therapeutic targets in diabetes.
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Bromberg Z, Weiss Y. The Role of the Membrane-Initiated Heat Shock Response in Cancer. Front Mol Biosci 2016; 3:12. [PMID: 27200359 PMCID: PMC4847117 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2016.00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The heat shock response (HSR) is a cellular response to diverse environmental and physiological stressors resulting in the induction of genes encoding molecular chaperones, proteases, and other proteins that are essential for protection and recovery from cellular damage. Since different perturbations cause accumulation of misfolded proteins, cells frequently encounter fluctuations in the environment which alter proteostasis. Since tumor cells use their natural adaptive mechanism of coping with stress and misfolded proteins, in recent years, the proteostasis network became a promising target for anti-tumor therapy. The membrane is the first to be affected by heat shock and therefore may be the first one to sense heat shock. The membrane also connects between the extracellular and the intracellular signals. Hence, there is a “cross talk” between the HSR and the membranes since heat shock can induce changes in the fluidity of membranes, leading to membrane lipid remodeling that occurs in several diseases such as cancer. During the last decade, a new possible therapy has emerged in which an external molecule is used that could induce membrane lipid re-organization. Since at the moment there are very few substances that regulate the HSR effectively, an alternative way has been searched to modulate chaperone activities through the plasma membrane. Recently, we suggested that the use of the membrane Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) modulators regulated the HSR in cancer cells. However, the primary targets of the signal transduction pathway are yet un-known. This review provides an overview of the current literature regarding the role of HSR in membrane remodeling in cancer since a deep understanding of the membrane biology in cancer and the membrane heat sensing pathway is essential to design novel efficient therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohar Bromberg
- The Goldyne Savad Institute of Gene Therapy, Hadassah-Hebrew University School of Medicine Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Yoram Weiss
- Hadassah Medical Organization Jerusalem, Israel
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Parfitt DA, Cheetham ME. Targeting the Proteostasis Network in Rhodopsin Retinitis Pigmentosa. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 854:479-84. [PMID: 26427449 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-17121-0_64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in rhodopsin are one of the most common causes of retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Misfolding of rhodopsin can result in disruptions in cellular protein homeostasis, or proteostasis. There is currently no available treatment for RP. In this review, we discuss the different approaches currently being investigated for treatment of rhodopsin RP, focusing on the potential of manipulation of the proteostasis network as a therapeutic approach to combat retinal degeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Parfitt
- Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, EC1V 9EL, London, UK.
| | - Michael E Cheetham
- Ocular Biology and Therapeutics, UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, 11-43 Bath Street, EC1V 9EL, London, UK.
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43
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Karri VVSR, Kuppusamy G, Talluri SV, Yamjala K, Mannemala SS, Malayandi R. Current and emerging therapies in the management of diabetic foot ulcers. Curr Med Res Opin 2016; 32:519-42. [PMID: 26643047 DOI: 10.1185/03007995.2015.1128888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic foot ulcers are one of the major causes of mortality in diabetic patients. Very few drugs and therapies have regulatory approval for this indication and several agents from diverse pharmacological classes are currently in various phases of clinical trials for the management of diabetic foot ulcers. SCOPE The purpose of this review is to provide concise information of the drugs and therapies which are approved and present in clinical trials. REVIEW METHODS This review was carried out by systematic searches of relevant guidelines, patents, published articles, reviews and abstracts in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Google Scholar of all English language articles up to 1 March 2015. The following search terms were used: diabetes, diabetic foot, diabetic foot ulcer, diabetic wound, diabetic foot infections, wound management, randomized controlled trials, approved treatments, new treatments and clinical trials. CONCLUSIONS The various drugs and therapies for the management of diabetic foot ulcers comprise antibiotics, neuropathic drugs, wound dressings, skin substitutes, growth factors and inflammatory modulators. The majority of these therapies target the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers to address the altered biochemical composition of the diabetic wound. However, no single treatment can be definitively recommended for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy
- a a Department of Pharmaceutics, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund , JSS University , Mysore , India
| | | | - Karthik Yamjala
- b b Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund , JSS University , Mysore , India
| | - Sai Sandeep Mannemala
- b b Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund , JSS University , Mysore , India
- c c Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Engineering and Technology , Annamalai University , Annamalai Nagar, Tamil Nadu , India
| | - Rajkumar Malayandi
- d d Pharmacokinetic Research and Development, Sun Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd , Baroda , India
- e e JSS College of Pharmacy, Ootacamund , JSS University , Mysore , India
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Rinaldi C, Malik B, Greensmith L. Targeted Molecular Therapies for SBMA. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:335-42. [PMID: 26576772 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0676-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is a late-onset neuromuscular disease caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the androgen receptor gene which results in progressive spinal and bulbar motor neuron degeneration, and muscle atrophy. Although the causative genetic defect is known, until recently, the molecular pathogenesis of the disease was unclear, resulting in few, if any, targets for therapy development. However, over the past decade, our understanding of the pathomechanisms that play a role in SBMA has increased dramatically, and several of these pathways and mechanisms have now been investigated as possible therapeutic targets. In this review, we discuss some of the key pathomechanisms implicated in SBMA and describe some of the therapeutic strategies that have been tested in SBMA to date, which fall into four main categories: (i) gene silencing; (ii) protein quality control and/or increased protein degradation; (iii) androgen deprivation; and (iv) modulation of AR function. Finally, it is also now clear that in addition to a greater understanding of the molecular mechanisms that underlie disease, the development of an effective disease modifying therapy for SBMA will require the coordinated, collaborative effort of research teams with diverse areas of expertise, clinicians, pharmaceutical companies as well as patient groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Rinaldi
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3QX, UK.
| | - Bilal Malik
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Linda Greensmith
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Institute of Neurology, Queen Square, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
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45
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The Role of the Protein Quality Control System in SBMA. J Mol Neurosci 2015; 58:348-64. [PMID: 26572535 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-015-0675-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) or Kennedy's disease is an X-linked disease associated with the expansion of the CAG triplet repeat present in exon 1 of the androgen receptor (AR) gene. This results in the production of a mutant AR containing an elongated polyglutamine tract (polyQ) in its N-terminus. Interestingly, the ARpolyQ becomes toxic only after its activation by the natural androgenic ligands, possibly because of aberrant androgen-induced conformational changes of the ARpolyQ, which generate misfolded species. These misfolded ARpolyQ species must be cleared from motoneurons and muscle cells, and this process is mediated by the protein quality control (PQC) system. Experimental evidence suggested that failure of the PQC pathways occurs in disease, leading to ARpolyQ accumulation and toxicity in the target cells. In this review, we summarized the overall impact of mutant and misfolded ARpolyQ on the PQC system and described how molecular chaperones and the degradative pathways (ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), the autophagy-lysosome pathway (ALP), and the unfolded protein response (UPR), which activates the endoplasmic reticulum-associated degradation (ERAD)) are differentially affected in SBMA. We also extensively and critically reviewed several molecular and pharmacological approaches proposed to restore a global intracellular activity of the PQC system. Collectively, these data suggest that the fine and delicate equilibrium existing among the different players of the PQC system could be restored in a therapeutic perspective by the synergic/additive activities of compounds designed to tackle sequential or alternative steps of the intracellular defense mechanisms triggered against proteotoxic misfolded species.
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46
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Swiderski K, Lynch GS. Therapeutic potential of orphan drugs for the rare skeletal muscle diseases. Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2015. [DOI: 10.1517/21678707.2015.1085858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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47
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Escribá PV, Busquets X, Inokuchi JI, Balogh G, Török Z, Horváth I, Harwood JL, Vígh L. Membrane lipid therapy: Modulation of the cell membrane composition and structure as a molecular base for drug discovery and new disease treatment. Prog Lipid Res 2015; 59:38-53. [PMID: 25969421 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Nowadays we understand cell membranes not as a simple double lipid layer but as a collection of complex and dynamic protein-lipid structures and microdomains that serve as functional platforms for interacting signaling lipids and proteins. Membrane lipids and lipid structures participate directly as messengers or regulators of signal transduction. In addition, protein-lipid interactions participate in the localization of signaling protein partners to specific membrane microdomains. Thus, lipid alterations change cell signaling that are associated with a variety of diseases including cancer, obesity, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiovascular pathologies, etc. This article reviews the newly emerging field of membrane lipid therapy which involves the pharmacological regulation of membrane lipid composition and structure for the treatment of diseases. Membrane lipid therapy proposes the use of new molecules specifically designed to modify membrane lipid structures and microdomains as pharmaceutical disease-modifying agents by reversing the malfunction or altering the expression of disease-specific protein or lipid signal cascades. Here, we provide an in-depth analysis of this emerging field, especially its molecular bases and its relevance to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo V Escribá
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Xavier Busquets
- Department of Biology, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jin-ichi Inokuchi
- Division of Glycopathology, Institute of Molecular Biomembrane and Glycobiology, Tohoku Pharmaceutical University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Gábor Balogh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Török
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ibolya Horváth
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, Wales, UK.
| | - László Vígh
- Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary.
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Singh K, Agrawal NK, Gupta SK, Mohan G, Chaturvedi S, Singh K. Decreased expression of heat shock proteins may lead to compromised wound healing in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. J Diabetes Complications 2015; 29:578-88. [PMID: 25746357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Revised: 01/09/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are inducible stress proteins expressed in cells exposed to stress. HSPs promote wound healing by recruitment of dermal fibroblasts to the site of injury and bring about protein homeostasis. Diabetic wounds are hard to heal and inadequate HSPs may be important contributors in the etiology of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). OBJECTIVE To analyze the differential expression of HSPs and their downstream molecules in human diabetic wounds compared to control wounds. METHODS Expressional levels of HSP27, HSP47 and HSP70 and their downstream molecules like TLR4, p38-MAPK were seen in biopsies from 101 human diabetic wounds compared to 8 control subjects without diabetes using RT-PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Our study suggested a significant down regulation of HSP70, HSP47 and HSP27 (p value=<0.001 for HSP70; p value=0.007 for HSP47; p value=0.007 for HSP27) in DFU along with their downstream molecules TLR4 and p38-MAPK (p value=0.006 for p38-MAPK; p value=0.02 for TLR4). HSP70 levels were significantly lower in male subjects and their levels increased significantly with the grades of wound on Wagner's scale. Infection status of the wounds was found to be significantly associated with the increased levels of HSP70 and HSP27 in infected diabetic wounds. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that the down regulation of HSPs in diabetic wounds is associated with wound healing impairment in T2DM subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanhaiya Singh
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India
| | - Neeraj K Agrawal
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Sanjeev K Gupta
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, India
| | - Gyanendra Mohan
- Indian Railway Cancer Institute and Research Centre, N.E.R., Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - Sunanda Chaturvedi
- Indian Railway Cancer Institute and Research Centre, N.E.R., Varanasi, 221002, India
| | - Kiran Singh
- Department of Molecular & Human Genetics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221005, India.
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Jaisson S, Gillery P. Impaired proteostasis: role in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. Diabetologia 2014; 57:1517-27. [PMID: 24816368 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-014-3257-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
In living organisms, proteins are regularly exposed to 'molecular ageing', which corresponds to a set of non-enzymatic modifications that progressively cause irreversible damage to proteins. This phenomenon is greatly amplified under pathological conditions, such as diabetes mellitus. For their survival and optimal functioning, cells have to maintain protein homeostasis, also called 'proteostasis'. This process acts to maintain a high proportion of functional and undamaged proteins. Different mechanisms are involved in proteostasis, among them degradation systems (the main intracellular proteolytic systems being proteasome and lysosomes), folding systems (including molecular chaperones), and enzymatic mechanisms of protein repair. There is growing evidence that the disruption of proteostasis may constitute a determining event in pathophysiology. The aim of this review is to demonstrate how such a dysregulation may be involved in the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and in the onset of its long-term complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Jaisson
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims, France,
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Hooper PL, Balogh G, Rivas E, Kavanagh K, Vigh L. The importance of the cellular stress response in the pathogenesis and treatment of type 2 diabetes. Cell Stress Chaperones 2014; 19:447-64. [PMID: 24523032 PMCID: PMC4041942 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-014-0493-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2013] [Revised: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Organisms have evolved to survive rigorous environments and are not prepared to thrive in a world of caloric excess and sedentary behavior. A realization that physical exercise (or lack of it) plays a pivotal role in both the pathogenesis and therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus (t2DM) has led to the provocative concept of therapeutic exercise mimetics. A decade ago, we attempted to simulate the beneficial effects of exercise by treating t2DM patients with 3 weeks of daily hyperthermia, induced by hot tub immersion. The short-term intervention had remarkable success, with a 1 % drop in HbA1, a trend toward weight loss, and improvement in diabetic neuropathic symptoms. An explanation for the beneficial effects of exercise and hyperthermia centers upon their ability to induce the cellular stress response (the heat shock response) and restore cellular homeostasis. Impaired stress response precedes major metabolic defects associated with t2DM and may be a near seminal event in the pathogenesis of the disease, tipping the balance from health into disease. Heat shock protein inducers share metabolic pathways associated with exercise with activation of AMPK, PGC1-a, and sirtuins. Diabetic therapies that induce the stress response, whether via heat, bioactive compounds, or genetic manipulation, improve or prevent all of the morbidities and comorbidities associated with the disease. The agents reduce insulin resistance, inflammatory cytokines, visceral adiposity, and body weight while increasing mitochondrial activity, normalizing membrane structure and lipid composition, and preserving organ function. Therapies restoring the stress response can re-tip the balance from disease into health and address the multifaceted defects associated with the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip L. Hooper
- />Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO USA
| | - Gabor Balogh
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Eric Rivas
- />Institute for Exercise and Environmental Medicine, Texas Health Presbyterian Hospital of Dallas and University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX USA
- />Department of Kinesiology, Texas Woman’s University, Denton, TX USA
| | - Kylie Kavanagh
- />Department of Pathology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston–Salem, NC USA
| | - Laszlo Vigh
- />Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Szeged, Hungary
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