1
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Kang JU, Mooshagian E, Snyder LH. Functional organization of posterior parietal cortex circuitry based on inferred information flow. Cell Rep 2024; 43:114028. [PMID: 38581681 PMCID: PMC11090617 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Many studies infer the role of neurons by asking what information can be decoded from their activity or by observing the consequences of perturbing their activity. An alternative approach is to consider information flow between neurons. We applied this approach to the parietal reach region (PRR) and the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) in posterior parietal cortex. Two complementary methods imply that across a range of reaching tasks, information flows primarily from PRR to LIP. This indicates that during a coordinated reach task, LIP has minimal influence on PRR and rules out the idea that LIP forms a general purpose spatial processing hub for action and cognition. Instead, we conclude that PRR and LIP operate in parallel to plan arm and eye movements, respectively, with asymmetric interactions that likely support eye-hand coordination. Similar methods can be applied to other areas to infer their functional relationships based on inferred information flow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Uk Kang
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Eric Mooshagian
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Lawrence H Snyder
- Department of Neuroscience, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
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2
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Mai J, Gargiullo R, Zheng M, Esho V, Hussein OE, Pollay E, Bowe C, Williamson LM, McElroy AF, Goolsby WN, Brooks KA, Rodgers CC. Sound-seeking before and after hearing loss in mice. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.01.08.574475. [PMID: 38260458 PMCID: PMC10802496 DOI: 10.1101/2024.01.08.574475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
How we move our bodies affects how we perceive sound. For instance, we can explore an environment to seek out the source of a sound and we can use head movements to compensate for hearing loss. How we do this is not well understood because many auditory experiments are designed to limit head and body movements. To study the role of movement in hearing, we developed a behavioral task called sound-seeking that rewarded mice for tracking down an ongoing sound source. Over the course of learning, mice more efficiently navigated to the sound. We then asked how auditory behavior was affected by hearing loss induced by surgical removal of the malleus from the middle ear. An innate behavior, the auditory startle response, was abolished by bilateral hearing loss and unaffected by unilateral hearing loss. Similarly, performance on the sound-seeking task drastically declined after bilateral hearing loss and did not recover. In striking contrast, mice with unilateral hearing loss were only transiently impaired on sound-seeking; over a recovery period of about a week, they regained high levels of performance, increasingly reliant on a different spatial sampling strategy. Thus, even in the face of permanent unilateral damage to the peripheral auditory system, mice recover their ability to perform a naturalistic sound-seeking task. This paradigm provides an opportunity to examine how body movement enables better hearing and resilient adaptation to sensory deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Rowan Gargiullo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Megan Zheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Valentina Esho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Osama E Hussein
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Eliana Pollay
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Cedric Bowe
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Emory University, Atlanta GA 30322
| | | | | | - William N Goolsby
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
| | - Kaitlyn A Brooks
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30308
| | - Chris C Rodgers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Tech and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta GA 30322
- Department of Biology, Emory College of Arts and Sciences, Atlanta GA 30322
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3
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Jin H, Witjes B, Roy M, Baillet S, de Vos CC. Neurophysiological oscillatory markers of hypoalgesia in conditioned pain modulation. Pain Rep 2023; 8:e1096. [PMID: 37881810 PMCID: PMC10597579 DOI: 10.1097/pr9.0000000000001096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Conditioned pain modulation (CPM) is an experimental procedure that consists of an ongoing noxious stimulus attenuating the pain perception caused by another noxious stimulus. A combination of the CPM paradigm with concurrent electrophysiological recordings can establish whether an association exists between experimentally modified pain perception and modulations of neural oscillations. Objectives We aimed to characterize how CPM modifies pain perception and underlying neural oscillations. We also interrogated whether these perceptual and/or neurophysiological effects are distinct in patients affected by chronic pain. Methods We presented noxious electrical stimuli to the right ankle before, during, and after CPM induced by an ice pack placed on the left forearm. Seventeen patients with chronic pain and 17 control participants rated the electrical pain in each experimental condition. We used magnetoencephalography to examine the anatomy-specific effects of CPM on the neural oscillatory responses to the electrical pain. Results Regardless of the participant groups, CPM induced a reduction in subjective pain ratings and neural responses (beta-band [15-35 Hz] oscillations in the sensorimotor cortex) to electrical pain. Conclusion Our findings of pain-induced beta-band activity may be associated with top-down modulations of pain, as reported in other perceptual modalities. Therefore, the reduced beta-band responses during CPM may indicate changes in top-down pain modulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyerang Jin
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Bart Witjes
- Centre for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Roy
- Department of Psychology, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Cecile C. de Vos
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Centre for Pain Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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4
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Parto-Dezfouli M, Vezoli J, Bosman CA, Fries P. Enhanced behavioral performance through interareal gamma and beta synchronization. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113249. [PMID: 37837620 PMCID: PMC10679823 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive functioning requires coordination between brain areas. Between visual areas, feedforward gamma synchronization improves behavioral performance. Here, we investigate whether similar principles hold across brain regions and frequency bands, using simultaneous electrocorticographic recordings from 15 areas of two macaque monkeys during performance of a selective attention task. Short behavioral reaction times (RTs), suggesting efficient interareal communication, occurred when occipital areas V1, V2, V4, and DP showed gamma synchronization, and fronto-central areas S1, 5, F1, F2, and F4 showed beta synchronization. For both area clusters and corresponding frequency bands, deviations from the typically observed phase relations increased RTs. Across clusters and frequency bands, good phase relations occurred in a correlated manner specifically when they processed the behaviorally relevant stimulus. Furthermore, the fronto-central cluster exerted a beta-band influence onto the occipital cluster whose strength predicted short RTs. These results suggest that local gamma and beta synchronization and their inter-regional coordination jointly improve behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Parto-Dezfouli
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julien Vezoli
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Conrado Arturo Bosman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Cognitive and Systems Neuroscience Group, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1090 GE Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal Fries
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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5
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Matsumiya K, Furukawa S. Perceptual decisions interfere more with eye movements than with reach movements. Commun Biol 2023; 6:882. [PMID: 37648896 PMCID: PMC10468498 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-05249-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Perceptual judgements are formed through invisible cognitive processes. Reading out these judgements is essential for advancing our understanding of decision making and requires inferring covert cognitive states based on overt motor actions. Although intuition suggests that these actions must be related to the formation of decisions about where to move body parts, actions have been reported to be influenced by perceptual judgements even when the action is irrelevant to the perceptual judgement. However, despite performing multiple actions in our daily lives, how perceptual judgements influence multiple judgement-irrelevant actions is unknown. Here we show that perceptual judgements affect only saccadic eye movements when simultaneous judgement-irrelevant saccades and reaches are made, demonstrating that perceptual judgement-related signals continuously flow into the oculomotor system alone when multiple judgement-irrelevant actions are performed. This suggests that saccades are useful for making inferences about covert perceptual decisions, even when the actions are not tied to decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shota Furukawa
- Graduate School of Information Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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6
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Khazali MF, Wong YT, Dean HL, Hagan MA, Fabiszak MM, Pesaran B. Putative cell-type-specific multiregional mode in posterior parietal cortex during coordinated visual behavior. Neuron 2023; 111:1979-1992.e7. [PMID: 37044088 PMCID: PMC10935574 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2023.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
In the reach and saccade regions of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), multiregional communication depends on the timing of neuronal activity with respect to beta-frequency (10-30 Hz) local field potential (LFP) activity, termed dual coherence. Neural coherence is believed to reflect neural excitability, whereby spiking tends to occur at a particular phase of LFP activity, but the mechanisms of multiregional dual coherence remain unknown. Here, we investigate dual coherence in the PPC of non-human primates performing eye-hand movements. We computationally model dual coherence in terms of multiregional neural excitability and show that one latent component, a multiregional mode, reflects shared excitability across distributed PPC populations. Analyzing the power in the multiregional mode with respect to different putative cell types reveals significant modulations with the spiking of putative pyramidal neurons and not inhibitory interneurons. These results suggest a specific role for pyramidal neurons in dual coherence supporting multiregional communication in PPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Farhan Khazali
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Freiburg Epilepsy Center, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Yan T Wong
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Heather L Dean
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Maureen A Hagan
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Bijan Pesaran
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 190104, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 190104, USA; Department of Bioengineering, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 190104, USA.
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7
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Rassi E, Lin WM, Zhang Y, Emmerzaal J, Haegens S. β Band Rhythms Influence Reaction Times. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0473-22.2023. [PMID: 37364994 PMCID: PMC10312120 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0473-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite their involvement in many cognitive functions, β oscillations are among the least understood brain rhythms. Reports on whether the functional role of β is primarily inhibitory or excitatory have been contradictory. Our framework attempts to reconcile these findings and proposes that several β rhythms co-exist at different frequencies. β Frequency shifts and their potential influence on behavior have thus far received little attention. In this human magnetoencephalography (MEG) experiment, we asked whether changes in β power or frequency in auditory cortex and motor cortex influence behavior (reaction times) during an auditory sweep discrimination task. We found that in motor cortex, increased β power slowed down responses, while in auditory cortex, increased β frequency slowed down responses. We further characterized β as transient burst events with distinct spectro-temporal profiles influencing reaction times. Finally, we found that increased motor-to-auditory β connectivity also slowed down responses. In sum, β power, frequency, bursting properties, cortical focus, and connectivity profile all influenced behavioral outcomes. Our results imply that the study of β oscillations requires caution as β dynamics are multifaceted phenomena, and that several dynamics must be taken into account to reconcile mixed findings in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie Rassi
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychology, Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Wy Ming Lin
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Hector Research Institute for Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, 72074 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
| | - Jill Emmerzaal
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Human Movement Biomechanics Research Group, Department of Movement Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium
- REVAL Rehabilitation Research Centre, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hasselt University, 3500 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Saskia Haegens
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6525 EN Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032
- Division of Systems Neuroscience, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY 10032
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8
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Stepniewska I, Kahler-Quesada S, Kaas JH, Friedman RM. Functional imaging and anatomical connections in squirrel monkeys reveal parietal-frontal circuits underlying eye movements. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:7258-7275. [PMID: 36813296 PMCID: PMC10233296 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of squirrel monkeys contains subregions where long trains of intracortical microstimulation evoke complex, behaviorally meaningful movements. Recently, we showed that such stimulation of a part of the PPC in the caudal lateral sulcus (LS) elicits eye movements in these monkeys. Here, we studied the functional and anatomical connections of this oculomotor region we call parietal eye field (PEF) with frontal eye field (FEF) and other cortical regions in 2 squirrel monkeys. We demonstrated these connections with intrinsic optical imaging and injections of anatomical tracers. Optical imaging of frontal cortex during stimulation of the PEF evoked focal functional activation within FEF. Tracing studies confirmed the functional PEF-FEF connections. Moreover, tracer injections revealed PEF connections with other PPC regions on the dorsolateral and medial brain surface, cortex in the caudal LS, and visual and auditory cortical association areas. Subcortical projections of PEF were primarily with superior colliculus, and pontine nuclei as well as nuclei of the dorsal posterior thalamus and caudate. These findings suggest that PEF in squirrel monkey is homologous to lateral intraparietal (LIP) area of macaque, supporting the notion that these brain circuits are organized similarly to mediate ethologically relevant oculomotor behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Stepniewska
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Sofia Kahler-Quesada
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, OHSU, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
| | - Jon H Kaas
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - Robert M Friedman
- Division of Neuroscience, Oregon National Primate Research Center, OHSU, Beaverton, OR 97006, USA
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9
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Parto-Dezfouli M, Vezoli J, Bosman CA, Fries P. Enhanced Behavioral Performance through Interareal Gamma and Beta Synchronization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.06.531093. [PMID: 36945499 PMCID: PMC10028832 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.06.531093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive functioning requires coordination between brain areas. Between visual areas, feedforward gamma synchronization improves behavioral performance. Here, we investigate whether similar principles hold across brain regions and frequency bands, using simultaneous local field potential recordings from 15 areas during performance of a selective attention task. Short behavioral reaction times (RTs), an index of efficient interareal communication, occurred when occipital areas V1, V2, V4, DP showed gamma synchronization, and fronto-central areas S1, 5, F1, F2, F4 showed beta synchronization. For both area clusters and corresponding frequency bands, deviations from the typically observed phase relations increased RTs. Across clusters and frequency bands, good phase relations occurred in a correlated manner specifically when they processed the behaviorally relevant stimulus. Furthermore, the fronto-central cluster exerted a beta-band influence onto the occipital cluster whose strength predicted short RTs. These results suggest that local gamma and beta synchronization and their inter-regional coordination jointly improve behavioral performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Parto-Dezfouli
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Julien Vezoli
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Conrado Arturo Bosman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, Center for Neuroscience, Faculty of Science, University of Amsterdam, 1098 XH Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pascal Fries
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 EN Nijmegen, Netherlands
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10
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Murdison TS, Standage DI, Lefèvre P, Blohm G. Effector-dependent stochastic reference frame transformations alter decision-making. J Vis 2022; 22:1. [PMID: 35816048 PMCID: PMC9284468 DOI: 10.1167/jov.22.8.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Psychophysical, motor control, and modeling studies have revealed that sensorimotor reference frame transformations (RFTs) add variability to transformed signals. For perceptual decision-making, this phenomenon could decrease the fidelity of a decision signal's representation or alternatively improve its processing through stochastic facilitation. We investigated these two hypotheses under various sensorimotor RFT constraints. Participants performed a time-limited, forced-choice motion discrimination task under eight combinations of head roll and/or stimulus rotation while responding either with a saccade or button press. This paradigm, together with the use of a decision model, allowed us to parameterize and correlate perceptual decision behavior with eye-, head-, and shoulder-centered sensory and motor reference frames. Misalignments between sensory and motor reference frames produced systematic changes in reaction time and response accuracy. For some conditions, these changes were consistent with a degradation of motion evidence commensurate with a decrease in stimulus strength in our model framework. Differences in participant performance were explained by a continuum of eye–head–shoulder representations of accumulated motion evidence, with an eye-centered bias during saccades and a shoulder-centered bias during button presses. In addition, we observed evidence for stochastic facilitation during head-rolled conditions (i.e., head roll resulted in faster, more accurate decisions in oblique motion for a given stimulus–response misalignment). We show that perceptual decision-making and stochastic RFTs are inseparable within the present context. We show that by simply rolling one's head, perceptual decision-making is altered in a way that is predicted by stochastic RFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Scott Murdison
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Action and Perception Network (CAPnet), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Association for Canadian Neuroinformatics and Computational Neuroscience (CNCN), Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,
| | - Dominic I Standage
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Action and Perception Network (CAPnet), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Association for Canadian Neuroinformatics and Computational Neuroscience (CNCN), Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, UK.,
| | - Philippe Lefèvre
- ICTEAM Institute and Institute of Neuroscience (IoNS), Université catholique de Louvain, Louvain-La-Neuve, Belgium.,
| | - Gunnar Blohm
- Centre for Neuroscience Studies, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Canadian Action and Perception Network (CAPnet), Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Association for Canadian Neuroinformatics and Computational Neuroscience (CNCN), Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,
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11
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Hagan MA, Pesaran B. Modulation of inhibitory communication coordinates looking and reaching. Nature 2022; 604:708-713. [PMID: 35444285 PMCID: PMC9124440 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04631-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Looking and reaching are controlled by different brain regions and are coordinated during natural behaviour1. Understanding how flexible, natural behaviours such as coordinated looking and reaching are controlled depends on understanding how neurons in different regions of the brain communicate2. Neural coherence in a gamma-frequency (40-90 Hz) band has been implicated in excitatory multiregional communication3. Inhibitory control mechanisms are also required to flexibly control behaviour4, but little is known about how neurons in one region transiently suppress individual neurons in another to support behaviour. How neuronal firing in a sender region transiently suppresses firing in a receiver region remains poorly understood. Here we study inhibitory communication during a flexible, natural behaviour, termed gaze anchoring, in which saccades are transiently inhibited by coordinated reaches. During gaze anchoring, we found that neurons in the reach region of the posterior parietal cortex can inhibit neuronal firing in the parietal saccade region to suppress eye movements and improve reach accuracy. Suppression is transient, only present around the coordinated reach, and greatest when reach neurons fire spikes with respect to beta-frequency (15-25 Hz) activity, not gamma-frequency activity. Our work provides evidence in the activity of single neurons for a novel mechanism of inhibitory communication in which beta-frequency neural coherence transiently inhibits multiregional communication to flexibly coordinate natural behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen A Hagan
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bijan Pesaran
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
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12
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Jia X, Siegle JH, Durand S, Heller G, Ramirez TK, Koch C, Olsen SR. Multi-regional module-based signal transmission in mouse visual cortex. Neuron 2022; 110:1585-1598.e9. [PMID: 35143752 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2022.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The visual cortex is hierarchically organized, yet the presence of extensive recurrent and parallel pathways make it challenging to decipher how signals flow between neuronal populations. Here, we tracked the flow of spiking activity recorded from six interconnected levels of the mouse visual hierarchy. By analyzing leading and lagging spike-timing relationships among pairs of simultaneously recorded neurons, we created a cellular-scale directed network graph. Using a module-detection algorithm to cluster neurons based on shared connectivity patterns, we uncovered two multi-regional communication modules distributed across the hierarchy. The direction of signal flow both between and within these modules, differences in layer and area distributions, and distinct temporal dynamics suggest that one module transmits feedforward sensory signals, whereas the other integrates inputs for recurrent processing. These results suggest that multi-regional functional modules may be a fundamental feature of organization beyond cortical areas that supports signal propagation across hierarchical recurrent networks.
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13
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Zarei M, Jahed M, Dezfouli MP, Daliri MR. Sensory representation of visual stimuli in the coupling of low-frequency phase to spike times. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:1641-1654. [PMID: 35106628 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-022-02460-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neural synchronization has been engaged in several brain mechanisms. Previous studies have shown that the interaction between the time of spiking activity and phase of local field potentials (LFPs) plays a key role in many cognitive functions. However, the potential role of this spike-LFP phase coupling (SPC) in neural coding is not fully understood. Here, we sought to investigate the role of this SPC for encoding the sensory properties of visual stimuli. To this end, we measured SPC strength in the preferred and anti-preferred motion directions of stimulus presented inside the receptive field of middle temporal (MT) neurons. We found a selective response in terms of SPC strength for different directions of motion. Remarkably, this selective function is inverted with respect to the spiking activity. In other words, the least SPC occurs for the preferred direction (based on the spike rate), and vice versa; the strongest SPC is induced in the anti-preferred direction. Altogether, these findings imply that the neural system may use spike-LFP phase coupling in the primate visual cortex to encode sensory information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran.,School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology (SUT), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Jahed
- School of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology (SUT), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohsen Parto Dezfouli
- School of Cognitive Sciences (SCS), Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, Iran
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14
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D'Souza JF, Price NSC, Hagan MA. Marmosets: a promising model for probing the neural mechanisms underlying complex visual networks such as the frontal-parietal network. Brain Struct Funct 2021; 226:3007-3022. [PMID: 34518902 PMCID: PMC8541938 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The technology, methodology and models used by visual neuroscientists have provided great insights into the structure and function of individual brain areas. However, complex cognitive functions arise in the brain due to networks comprising multiple interacting cortical areas that are wired together with precise anatomical connections. A prime example of this phenomenon is the frontal–parietal network and two key regions within it: the frontal eye fields (FEF) and lateral intraparietal area (area LIP). Activity in these cortical areas has independently been tied to oculomotor control, motor preparation, visual attention and decision-making. Strong, bidirectional anatomical connections have also been traced between FEF and area LIP, suggesting that the aforementioned visual functions depend on these inter-area interactions. However, advancements in our knowledge about the interactions between area LIP and FEF are limited with the main animal model, the rhesus macaque, because these key regions are buried in the sulci of the brain. In this review, we propose that the common marmoset is the ideal model for investigating how anatomical connections give rise to functionally-complex cognitive visual behaviours, such as those modulated by the frontal–parietal network, because of the homology of their cortical networks with humans and macaques, amenability to transgenic technology, and rich behavioural repertoire. Furthermore, the lissencephalic structure of the marmoset brain enables application of powerful techniques, such as array-based electrophysiology and optogenetics, which are critical to bridge the gaps in our knowledge about structure and function in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanita F D'Souza
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Nicholas S C Price
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia
| | - Maureen A Hagan
- Department of Physiology and Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, 26 Innovation Walk, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia. .,Australian Research Council, Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, VIC, 3800, Australia.
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15
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Lu HY, Lorenc ES, Zhu H, Kilmarx J, Sulzer J, Xie C, Tobler PN, Watrous AJ, Orsborn AL, Lewis-Peacock J, Santacruz SR. Multi-scale neural decoding and analysis. J Neural Eng 2021; 18. [PMID: 34284369 PMCID: PMC8840800 DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ac160f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective. Complex spatiotemporal neural activity encodes rich information related to behavior and cognition. Conventional research has focused on neural activity acquired using one of many different measurement modalities, each of which provides useful but incomplete assessment of the neural code. Multi-modal techniques can overcome tradeoffs in the spatial and temporal resolution of a single modality to reveal deeper and more comprehensive understanding of system-level neural mechanisms. Uncovering multi-scale dynamics is essential for a mechanistic understanding of brain function and for harnessing neuroscientific insights to develop more effective clinical treatment. Approach. We discuss conventional methodologies used for characterizing neural activity at different scales and review contemporary examples of how these approaches have been combined. Then we present our case for integrating activity across multiple scales to benefit from the combined strengths of each approach and elucidate a more holistic understanding of neural processes. Main results. We examine various combinations of neural activity at different scales and analytical techniques that can be used to integrate or illuminate information across scales, as well the technologies that enable such exciting studies. We conclude with challenges facing future multi-scale studies, and a discussion of the power and potential of these approaches. Significance. This roadmap will lead the readers toward a broad range of multi-scale neural decoding techniques and their benefits over single-modality analyses. This Review article highlights the importance of multi-scale analyses for systematically interrogating complex spatiotemporal mechanisms underlying cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Yun Lu
- The University of Texas at Austin, Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth S Lorenc
- The University of Texas at Austin, Psychology, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Hanlin Zhu
- Rice University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Justin Kilmarx
- The University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - James Sulzer
- The University of Texas at Austin, Mechanical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Chong Xie
- Rice University, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Philippe N Tobler
- University of Zurich, Neuroeconomics and Social Neuroscience, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrew J Watrous
- The University of Texas at Austin, Neurology, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Amy L Orsborn
- University of Washington, Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,University of Washington, Bioengineering, Seattle, WA, United States of America.,Washington National Primate Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Jarrod Lewis-Peacock
- The University of Texas at Austin, Psychology, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Samantha R Santacruz
- The University of Texas at Austin, Biomedical Engineering, Austin, TX, United States of America.,The University of Texas at Austin, Institute for Neuroscience, Austin, TX, United States of America
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16
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Semedo JD, Gokcen E, Machens CK, Kohn A, Yu BM. Statistical methods for dissecting interactions between brain areas. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2020; 65:59-69. [PMID: 33142111 PMCID: PMC7935404 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The brain is composed of many functionally distinct areas. This organization supports distributed processing, and requires the coordination of signals across areas. Our understanding of how populations of neurons in different areas interact with each other is still in its infancy. As the availability of recordings from large populations of neurons across multiple brain areas increases, so does the need for statistical methods that are well suited for dissecting and interrogating these recordings. Here we review multivariate statistical methods that have been, or could be, applied to this class of recordings. By leveraging population responses, these methods can provide a rich description of inter-areal interactions. At the same time, these methods can introduce interpretational challenges. We thus conclude by discussing how to interpret the outputs of these methods to further our understanding of inter-areal interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D Semedo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Evren Gokcen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Christian K Machens
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Adam Kohn
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Byron M Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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17
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Wang Z. Brain Entropy Mapping in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:596122. [PMID: 33240080 PMCID: PMC7683386 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.596122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, for which aging remains the major risk factor. Aging is under a consistent pressure of increasing brain entropy (BEN) due to the progressive brain deteriorations. Noticeably, the brain constantly consumes a large amount of energy to maintain its functional integrity, likely creating or maintaining a big "reserve" to counteract the high entropy. Malfunctions of this latent reserve may indicate a critical point of disease progression. The purpose of this study was to characterize BEN in aging and AD and to test an inverse-U-shape BEN model: BEN increases with age and AD pathology in normal aging but decreases in the AD continuum. BEN was measured with resting state fMRI and compared across aging and the AD continuum. Associations of BEN with age, education, clinical symptoms, and pathology were examined by multiple regression. The analysis results highlighted resting BEN in the default mode network, medial temporal lobe, and prefrontal cortex and showed that: (1) BEN increased with age and pathological deposition in normal aging but decreased with age and pathological deposition in the AD continuum; (2) AD showed catastrophic BEN reduction, which was related to more severe cognitive impairment and daily function disability; and (3) BEN decreased with education years in normal aging, but not in the AD continuum. BEN evolution follows an inverse-U trajectory when AD progresses from normal aging to AD dementia. Education is beneficial for suppressing the entropy increase potency in normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Wang
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, United States
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18
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Allison-Walker TJ, Ann Hagan M, Chiang Price NS, Tat Wong Y. Local field potential phase modulates neural responses to intracortical electrical stimulation. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2020; 2020:3521-3524. [PMID: 33018763 DOI: 10.1109/embc44109.2020.9176186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cortical visual prostheses could one day help restore sight to the blind by targeting the visual cortex with electrical stimulation. However, power consumption and limited spatial resolution impose limits on performance, while large amounts of electrical charge sometimes necessary to evoke phosphenes can cause seizures. Here, we propose the use of the local field potential as a control signal for the timing of stimulation to reduce charge requirements. In Sprague-Dawley rats, visual cortex was electrically stimulated at random times, and neural responses recorded. Electrical stimulation at specific phases of the local field potential required smaller amounts of charge to elicit spikes than naïve stimulation. Incorporating this into prosthesis design could improve their safety and efficacy.
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19
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García-Monge A, Rodríguez-Navarro H, González-Calvo G, Bores-García D. Brain Activity during Different Throwing Games: EEG Exploratory Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E6796. [PMID: 32957731 PMCID: PMC7559334 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17186796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2020] [Revised: 08/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to explore the differences in brain activity in various types of throwing games by making encephalographic records. Three conditions of throwing games were compared looking for significant differences (simple throwing, throwing to a goal, and simultaneous throwing with another player). After signal processing, power spectral densities were compared through variance analysis (p ≤ 0.001). Significant differences were found especially in high-beta oscillations (22-30 Hz). "Goal" and "Simultaneous" throwing conditions show significantly higher values than those shown for throws without opponent. This can be explained by the higher demand for motor control and the higher arousal in competition situations. On the other hand, the high-beta records of the "Goal" condition are significantly higher than those of the "Simultaneous" throwing, which could be understood from the association of the beta waves with decision-making processes. These results support the difference in brain activity during similar games. This has several implications: opening up a path to study the effects of each specific game on brain activity and calling into question the transfer of research findings on animal play to all types of human play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso García-Monge
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Artistic and Body Expression, Faculty of Education of Valladolid, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Henar Rodríguez-Navarro
- Department of Pedagogy, Faculty of Education of Valladolid, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Gustavo González-Calvo
- Department of Didactics of Musical, Artistic and Body Expression, Faculty of Education of Palencia, University of Valladolid, 34004 Palencia, Spain;
| | - Daniel Bores-García
- Department of Physical Therapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Rey Juan Carlos University, Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Kohn A, Jasper AI, Semedo JD, Gokcen E, Machens CK, Yu BM. Principles of Corticocortical Communication: Proposed Schemes and Design Considerations. Trends Neurosci 2020; 43:725-737. [PMID: 32771224 PMCID: PMC7484382 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2020.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Nearly all brain functions involve routing neural activity among a distributed network of areas. Understanding this routing requires more than a description of interareal anatomical connectivity: it requires understanding what controls the flow of signals through interareal circuitry and how this communication might be modulated to allow flexible behavior. Here we review proposals of how communication, particularly between visual cortical areas, is instantiated and modulated, highlighting recent work that offers new perspectives. We suggest transitioning from a focus on assessing changes in the strength of interareal interactions, as often seen in studies of interareal communication, to a broader consideration of how different signaling schemes might contribute to computation. To this end, we discuss a set of features that might be desirable for a communication scheme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kohn
- Dominik Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA; Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Anna I Jasper
- Dominik Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, NY, USA
| | - João D Semedo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Evren Gokcen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Christian K Machens
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Byron M Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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21
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Berger M, Agha NS, Gail A. Wireless recording from unrestrained monkeys reveals motor goal encoding beyond immediate reach in frontoparietal cortex. eLife 2020; 9:e51322. [PMID: 32364495 PMCID: PMC7228770 DOI: 10.7554/elife.51322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
System neuroscience of motor cognition regarding the space beyond immediate reach mandates free, yet experimentally controlled movements. We present an experimental environment (Reach Cage) and a versatile visuo-haptic interaction system (MaCaQuE) for investigating goal-directed whole-body movements of unrestrained monkeys. Two rhesus monkeys conducted instructed walk-and-reach movements towards targets flexibly positioned in the cage. We tracked 3D multi-joint arm and head movements using markerless motion capture. Movements show small trial-to-trial variability despite being unrestrained. We wirelessly recorded 192 broad-band neural signals from three cortical sensorimotor areas simultaneously. Single unit activity is selective for different reach and walk-and-reach movements. Walk-and-reach targets could be decoded from premotor and parietal but not motor cortical activity during movement planning. The Reach Cage allows systems-level sensorimotor neuroscience studies with full-body movements in a configurable 3D spatial setting with unrestrained monkeys. We conclude that the primate frontoparietal network encodes reach goals beyond immediate reach during movement planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Berger
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center – Leibniz-Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingenGermany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
| | - Naubahar Shahryar Agha
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center – Leibniz-Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingenGermany
| | - Alexander Gail
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center – Leibniz-Institute for Primate ResearchGoettingenGermany
- Faculty of Biology and Psychology, University of GoettingenGoettingenGermany
- Leibniz-ScienceCampus Primate CognitionGoettingenGermany
- Bernstein Center for Computational NeuroscienceGoettingenGermany
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22
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Specialized medial prefrontal-amygdala coordination in other-regarding decision preference. Nat Neurosci 2020; 23:565-574. [PMID: 32094970 PMCID: PMC7131896 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-020-0593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Social behaviors recruit multiple cognitive operations that require interactions between cortical and subcortical brain regions. Interareal synchrony may facilitate such interactions between cortical and subcortical neural populations. However, it remains unknown how neurons from different nodes in the social brain network interact during social decision-making. Here, we investigated oscillatory neuronal interactions between the basolateral amygdala and the rostral anterior cingulate gyrus of the medial prefrontal cortex while monkeys expressed context-dependent positive or negative other-regarding preference (ORP), where decisions impacted the reward received by another monkey. Synchronization between the two nodes was enhanced for positive ORP, but suppressed for negative ORP. These interactions occurred in beta and gamma frequency bands depending on the area contributing spikes, exhibited a specific directionality of information flow associated with positive ORP, and could be used to decode social decisions. These findings suggest that specialized coordination in the medial prefrontal-amygdala network underlies social-decision preference.
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23
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Excitatory/Inhibitory Responses Shape Coherent Neuronal Dynamics Driven by Optogenetic Stimulation in the Primate Brain. J Neurosci 2020; 40:2056-2068. [PMID: 31964718 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1949-19.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Coherent neuronal dynamics play an important role in complex cognitive functions. Optogenetic stimulation promises to provide new ways to test the functional significance of coherent neural activity. However, the mechanisms by which optogenetic stimulation drives coherent dynamics remain unclear, especially in the nonhuman primate brain. Here, we perform computational modeling and experiments to study the mechanisms of optogenetic-stimulation-driven coherent neuronal dynamics in three male nonhuman primates. Neural responses arise from stimulation-evoked, temporally dynamic excitatory (E) and inhibitory (I) activity. Spiking activity is more likely to occur during E/I imbalances. Thus the relative difference in the driven E and I responses precisely controls spike timing by forming a brief time interval of increased spiking likelihood. Experimental results agree with parameter-dependent predictions from the computational models. These results demonstrate that optogenetic stimulation driven coherent neuronal dynamics are governed by the temporal properties of E/I activity. Transient imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory activity may provide a general mechanism for generating coherent neuronal dynamics without the need for an oscillatory generator.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT We examine how coherent neuronal dynamics arise from optogenetic stimulation in the primate brain. Using computational models and experiments, we demonstrate that coherent spiking and local field potential activity is generated by stimulation-evoked responses of excitatory and inhibitory activity in networks, extending the growing literature on neuronal dynamics. These responses create brief time intervals of increased spiking tendency and are consistent with previous observations in the literature that balanced excitation and inhibition controls spike timing, suggesting that optogenetic-stimulation-driven coherence may arise from intrinsic E/I balance. Most importantly, our results are obtained in nonhuman primates and thus will play a leading role in driving the use of causal manipulations with optogenetic tools to study higher cognitive functions in the primate brain.
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24
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Medendorp WP, Heed T. State estimation in posterior parietal cortex: Distinct poles of environmental and bodily states. Prog Neurobiol 2019; 183:101691. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2019.101691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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25
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Nadalin JK, Martinet LE, Blackwood EB, Lo MC, Widge AS, Cash SS, Eden UT, Kramer MA. A statistical framework to assess cross-frequency coupling while accounting for confounding analysis effects. eLife 2019; 8:44287. [PMID: 31617848 PMCID: PMC6821458 DOI: 10.7554/elife.44287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Accepted: 10/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cross frequency coupling (CFC) is emerging as a fundamental feature of brain activity, correlated with brain function and dysfunction. Many different types of CFC have been identified through application of numerous data analysis methods, each developed to characterize a specific CFC type. Choosing an inappropriate method weakens statistical power and introduces opportunities for confounding effects. To address this, we propose a statistical modeling framework to estimate high frequency amplitude as a function of both the low frequency amplitude and low frequency phase; the result is a measure of phase-amplitude coupling that accounts for changes in the low frequency amplitude. We show in simulations that the proposed method successfully detects CFC between the low frequency phase or amplitude and the high frequency amplitude, and outperforms an existing method in biologically-motivated examples. Applying the method to in vivo data, we illustrate examples of CFC during a seizure and in response to electrical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica K Nadalin
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | | | - Ethan B Blackwood
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Meng-Chen Lo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Alik S Widge
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Sydney S Cash
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, United States
| | - Uri T Eden
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, United States
| | - Mark A Kramer
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University, Boston, United States
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26
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Bighamian R, Wong YT, Pesaran B, Shanechi MM. Sparse model-based estimation of functional dependence in high-dimensional field and spike multiscale networks. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:056022. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab225b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Yang Y, Sani OG, Chang EF, Shanechi MM. Dynamic network modeling and dimensionality reduction for human ECoG activity. J Neural Eng 2019; 16:056014. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/ab2214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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28
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Wang C, Shanechi MM. Estimating Multiscale Direct Causality Graphs in Neural Spike-Field Networks. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:857-866. [DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2908156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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29
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Hadjidimitrakis K, Bakola S, Wong YT, Hagan MA. Mixed Spatial and Movement Representations in the Primate Posterior Parietal Cortex. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 13:15. [PMID: 30914925 PMCID: PMC6421332 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2019.00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The posterior parietal cortex (PPC) of humans and non-human primates plays a key role in the sensory and motor transformations required to guide motor actions to objects of interest in the environment. Despite decades of research, the anatomical and functional organization of this region is still a matter of contention. It is generally accepted that specialized parietal subregions and their functional counterparts in the frontal cortex participate in distinct segregated networks related to eye, arm and hand movements. However, experimental evidence obtained primarily from single neuron recording studies in non-human primates has demonstrated a rich mixing of signals processed by parietal neurons, calling into question ideas for a strict functional specialization. Here, we present a brief account of this line of research together with the basic trends in the anatomical connectivity patterns of the parietal subregions. We review, the evidence related to the functional communication between subregions of the PPC and describe progress towards using parietal neuron activity in neuroprosthetic applications. Recent literature suggests a role for the PPC not as a constellation of specialized functional subdomains, but as a dynamic network of sensorimotor loci that combine multiple signals and work in concert to guide motor behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostas Hadjidimitrakis
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sophia Bakola
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Yan T Wong
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Department of Electrical and Computer Science Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Maureen A Hagan
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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30
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Semedo JD, Zandvakili A, Machens CK, Yu BM, Kohn A. Cortical Areas Interact through a Communication Subspace. Neuron 2019; 102:249-259.e4. [PMID: 30770252 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2019.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Most brain functions involve interactions among multiple, distinct areas or nuclei. For instance, visual processing in primates requires the appropriate relaying of signals across many distinct cortical areas. Yet our understanding of how populations of neurons in interconnected brain areas communicate is in its infancy. Here we investigate how trial-to-trial fluctuations of population responses in primary visual cortex (V1) are related to simultaneously recorded population responses in area V2. Using dimensionality reduction methods, we find that V1-V2 interactions occur through a communication subspace: V2 fluctuations are related to a small subset of V1 population activity patterns, distinct from the largest fluctuations shared among neurons within V1. In contrast, interactions between subpopulations within V1 are less selective. We propose that the communication subspace may be a general, population-level mechanism by which activity can be selectively routed across brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- João D Semedo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Amin Zandvakili
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Christian K Machens
- Champalimaud Research, Champalimaud Centre for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Byron M Yu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam Kohn
- Dominick Purpura Department of Neuroscience, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA; Department of Systems and Computational Biology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
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31
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Zavitz E, Price NSC. Understanding Sensory Information Processing Through Simultaneous Multi-area Population Recordings. Front Neural Circuits 2019; 12:115. [PMID: 30687020 PMCID: PMC6333685 DOI: 10.3389/fncir.2018.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The goal of sensory neuroscience is to understand how the brain creates its myriad of representations of the world, and uses these representations to produce perception and behavior. Circuits of neurons in spatially segregated regions of brain tissue have distinct functional specializations, and these regions are connected to form a functional processing hierarchy. Advances in technology for recording neuronal activity from multiple sites in multiple cortical areas mean that we are now able to collect data that reflects how information is transformed within and between connected members of this hierarchy. This advance is an important step in understanding the brain because, after the sensory organs have transduced a physical signal, every processing stage takes the activity of other neurons as its input, not measurements of the physical world. However, as we explore the potential of studying how populations of neurons in multiple areas respond in concert, we must also expand both the analytical tools that we use to make sense of these data and the scope of the theories that we attempt to define. In this article, we present an overview of some of the most promising analytical approaches for making inferences from population recordings in multiple brain areas, such as dimensionality reduction and measuring changes in correlated variability, and examine how they may be used to address longstanding questions in sensory neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Zavitz
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas S C Price
- Department of Physiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.,Centre of Excellence for Integrative Brain Function, Monash University Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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32
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Fu Z, Wu DAJ, Ross I, Chung JM, Mamelak AN, Adolphs R, Rutishauser U. Single-Neuron Correlates of Error Monitoring and Post-Error Adjustments in Human Medial Frontal Cortex. Neuron 2019; 101:165-177.e5. [PMID: 30528064 PMCID: PMC6354767 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Humans can self-monitor errors without explicit feedback, resulting in behavioral adjustments on subsequent trials such as post-error slowing (PES). The error-related negativity (ERN) is a well-established macroscopic scalp EEG correlate of error self-monitoring, but its neural origins and relationship to PES remain unknown. We recorded in the frontal cortex of patients performing a Stroop task and found neurons that track self-monitored errors and error history in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) and pre-supplementary motor area (pre-SMA). Both the intracranial ERN (iERN) and error neuron responses appeared first in pre-SMA, and ∼50 ms later in dACC. Error neuron responses were correlated with iERN amplitude on individual trials. In dACC, such error neuron-iERN synchrony and responses of error-history neurons predicted the magnitude of PES. These data reveal a human single-neuron correlate of the ERN and suggest that dACC synthesizes error information to recruit behavioral control through coordinated neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongzheng Fu
- Division of Engineering and Applied Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Control and Dynamical Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Daw-An J Wu
- Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ian Ross
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huntington Memorial Hospital, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Chung
- Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adam N Mamelak
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ralph Adolphs
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Division of Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Ueli Rutishauser
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Computation and Neural Systems Program, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA; Department of Neurology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA; Center for Neural Science and Medicine, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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33
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Hsieh HL, Wong YT, Pesaran B, Shanechi MM. Multiscale modeling and decoding algorithms for spike-field activity. J Neural Eng 2018; 16:016018. [DOI: 10.1088/1741-2552/aaeb1a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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34
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O'Connell RG, Shadlen MN, Wong-Lin K, Kelly SP. Bridging Neural and Computational Viewpoints on Perceptual Decision-Making. Trends Neurosci 2018; 41:838-852. [PMID: 30007746 PMCID: PMC6215147 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Sequential sampling models have provided a dominant theoretical framework guiding computational and neurophysiological investigations of perceptual decision-making. While these models share the basic principle that decisions are formed by accumulating sensory evidence to a bound, they come in many forms that can make similar predictions of choice behaviour despite invoking fundamentally different mechanisms. The identification of neural signals that reflect some of the core computations underpinning decision formation offers new avenues for empirically testing and refining key model assumptions. Here, we highlight recent efforts to explore these avenues and, in so doing, consider the conceptual and methodological challenges that arise when seeking to infer decision computations from complex neural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Redmond G O'Connell
- Trinity College Institute of Neuroscience and School of Psychology, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Michael N Shadlen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Zuckerman Mind Brain Behaviour Institute and Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - KongFatt Wong-Lin
- Intelligent Systems Research Centre, University of Ulster, Magee Campus, Northland Road, Derry, BT48 7JL, UK
| | - Simon P Kelly
- School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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35
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Zaytseva Y, Garakh Z, Novototsky-Vlasov V, Gurovich IY, Shmukler A, Papaefstathiou A, Horáček J, Španiel F, Strelets VB. EEG coherence in a mental arithmetic task performance in first episode schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Clin Neurophysiol 2018; 129:2315-2324. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2018.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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36
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Cadena-Valencia J, García-Garibay O, Merchant H, Jazayeri M, de Lafuente V. Entrainment and maintenance of an internal metronome in supplementary motor area. eLife 2018; 7:38983. [PMID: 30346275 PMCID: PMC6249004 DOI: 10.7554/elife.38983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To prepare timely motor actions, we constantly predict future events. Regularly repeating events are often perceived as a rhythm to which we can readily synchronize our movements, just as in dancing to music. However, the neuronal mechanisms underlying the capacity to encode and maintain rhythms are not understood. We trained nonhuman primates to maintain the rhythm of a visual metronome of diverse tempos and recorded neural activity in the supplementary motor area (SMA). SMA exhibited rhythmic bursts of gamma band (30–40 Hz) reflecting an internal tempo that matched the extinguished visual metronome. Moreover, gamma amplitude increased throughout the trial, providing an estimate of total elapsed time. Notably, the timing of gamma bursts and firing rate modulations allowed predicting whether monkeys were ahead or behind the correct tempo. Our results indicate that SMA uses dynamic motor plans to encode a metronome for rhythms and a stopwatch for total elapsed time. A catchy tune on the radio, and suddenly we are tapping our foot and moving our bodies to the rhythm of the music. We can follow a beat because our motor neurons, the nerve cells that control movements, work together in circuits. During actions that require precise timing – such as dancing to a rhythm – the motor neurons within these circuits increase and decrease their activity in complex patterns. But recent evidence shows that these motor neuron circuits also ‘switch on’ simply when we perceive a rhythm, even if we do not move to it. In fact, just imagining a rhythm triggers the same symphony of electrical activity in the brain. How do motor neurons generate coordinated patterns of activity without movement or even an external stimulus? Cadena-Valencia et al. set out to answer this question by training monkeys to follow a rhythm. The animals learned to track a dot that appeared alternately on the left and right sides of a touchscreen with a regular tempo. After a few repeats, the dot disappeared. The monkeys then had to continue mentally tracking where the dot would have been. A group of neurons in a brain region called the supplementary motor area synchronized their activity with the dot. Whenever the dot was due to appear, the neurons in the area showed a burst of rapid firing. These spikes of activity, called gamma bursts, helped the motor neurons to communicate with one another within their circuits. The gamma bursts thus acted as an internal metronome, making it easier for the monkeys to follow the rhythm. These results should be a starting point for other studies to pinpoint exactly where and how this rhythmic activity arises, and how the brain uses gamma bursts to synchronize our movements to a tempo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Cadena-Valencia
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Querétaro, México
| | - Otto García-Garibay
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Querétaro, México
| | - Hugo Merchant
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Querétaro, México
| | - Mehrdad Jazayeri
- McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, United States
| | - Victor de Lafuente
- Institute of Neurobiology, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Querétaro, México
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37
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Yoo PE, Oxley TJ, John SE, Opie NL, Ordidge RJ, O'Brien TJ, Hagan MA, Wong YT, Moffat BA. Feasibility of identifying the ideal locations for motor intention decoding using unimodal and multimodal classification at 7T-fMRI. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15556. [PMID: 30349004 PMCID: PMC6197258 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33839-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs) require surgeries with high health-risks. The risk-to-benefit ratio of the procedure could potentially be improved by pre-surgically identifying the ideal locations for mental strategy classification. We recorded high-spatiotemporal resolution blood-oxygenation-level-dependent (BOLD) signals using functional MRI at 7 Tesla in eleven healthy participants during two motor imagery tasks. BCI diagnostic task isolated the intent to imagine movements, while BCI simulation task simulated the neural states that may be yielded in a real-life BCI-operation scenario. Imagination of movements were classified from the BOLD signals in sub-regions of activation within a single or multiple dorsal motor network regions. Then, the participant's decoding performance during the BCI simulation task was predicted from the BCI diagnostic task. The results revealed that drawing information from multiple regions compared to a single region increased the classification accuracy of imagined movements. Importantly, systematic unimodal and multimodal classification revealed the ideal combination of regions that yielded the best classification accuracy at the individual-level. Lastly, a given participant's decoding performance achieved during the BCI simulation task could be predicted from the BCI diagnostic task. These results show the feasibility of 7T-fMRI with unimodal and multimodal classification being utilized for identifying ideal sites for mental strategy classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, VIC, Australia.
| | - Thomas J Oxley
- Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Sam E John
- Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Opie
- Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, VIC, Australia
| | - Roger J Ordidge
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- The Departments of Neuroscience, The Central Clinical School, Monash University, VIC, Australia.,The Department of Neurology, the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maureen A Hagan
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, VIC, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Yan T Wong
- Department of Physiology, Monash University, VIC, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC, Australia.,Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, VIC, Australia
| | - Bradford A Moffat
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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38
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Zarei M, Jahed M, Daliri MR. Introducing a Comprehensive Framework to Measure Spike-LFP Coupling. Front Comput Neurosci 2018; 12:78. [PMID: 30374297 PMCID: PMC6196284 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2018.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Measuring the coupling of single neuron's spiking activities to the local field potentials (LFPs) is a method to investigate neuronal synchronization. The most important synchronization measures are phase locking value (PLV), spike field coherence (SFC), pairwise phase consistency (PPC), and spike-triggered correlation matrix synchronization (SCMS). Synchronization is generally quantified using the PLV and SFC. PLV and SFC methods are either biased on the spike rates or the number of trials. To resolve these problems the PPC measure has been introduced. However, there are some shortcomings associated with the PPC measure which is unbiased only for very high spike rates. However evaluating spike-LFP phase coupling (SPC) for short trials or low number of spikes is a challenge in many studies. Lastly, SCMS measures the correlation in terms of phase in regions around the spikes inclusive of the non-spiking events which is the major difference between SCMS and SPC. This study proposes a new framework for predicting a more reliable SPC by modeling and introducing appropriate machine learning algorithms namely least squares, Lasso, and neural networks algorithms where through an initial trend of the spike rates, the ideal SPC is predicted for neurons with low spike rates. Furthermore, comparing the performance of these three algorithms shows that the least squares approach provided the best performance with a correlation of 0.99214 and R2 of 0.9563 in the training phase, and correlation of 0.95969 and R2 of 0.8842 in the test phase. Hence, the results show that the proposed framework significantly enhances the accuracy and provides a bias-free basis for small number of spikes for SPC as compared to the conventional methods such as PLV method. As such, it has the general ability to correct for the bias on the number of spike rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Zarei
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehran Jahed
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Daliri
- School of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran.,School of Cognitive Sciences, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
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39
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Chronometry on Spike-LFP Responses Reveals the Functional Neural Circuitry of Early Auditory Cortex Underlying Sound Processing and Discrimination. eNeuro 2018; 5:eN-NWR-0420-17. [PMID: 29971252 PMCID: PMC6028825 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0420-17.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals and humans rapidly detect specific features of sounds, but the time courses of the underlying neural response for different stimulus categories is largely unknown. Furthermore, the intricate functional organization of auditory information processing pathways is poorly understood. Here, we computed neuronal response latencies from simultaneously recorded spike trains and local field potentials (LFPs) along the first two stages of cortical sound processing, primary auditory cortex (A1) and lateral belt (LB), of awake, behaving macaques. Two types of response latencies were measured for spike trains as well as LFPs: (1) onset latency, time-locked to onset of external auditory stimuli; and (2) selection latency, time taken from stimulus onset to a selective response to a specific stimulus category. Trial-by-trial LFP onset latencies predominantly reflecting synaptic input arrival typically preceded spike onset latencies, assumed to be representative of neuronal output indicating that both areas may receive input environmental signals and relay the information to the next stage. In A1, simple sounds, such as pure tones (PTs), yielded shorter spike onset latencies compared to complex sounds, such as monkey vocalizations ("Coos"). This trend was reversed in LB, indicating a hierarchical functional organization of auditory cortex in the macaque. LFP selection latencies in A1 were always shorter than those in LB for both PT and Coo reflecting the serial arrival of stimulus-specific information in these areas. Thus, chronometry on spike-LFP signals revealed some of the effective neural circuitry underlying complex sound discrimination.
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40
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Pesaran B, Vinck M, Einevoll GT, Sirota A, Fries P, Siegel M, Truccolo W, Schroeder CE, Srinivasan R. Investigating large-scale brain dynamics using field potential recordings: analysis and interpretation. Nat Neurosci 2018; 21:903-919. [PMID: 29942039 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-018-0171-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
New technologies to record electrical activity from the brain on a massive scale offer tremendous opportunities for discovery. Electrical measurements of large-scale brain dynamics, termed field potentials, are especially important to understanding and treating the human brain. Here, our goal is to provide best practices on how field potential recordings (electroencephalograms, magnetoencephalograms, electrocorticograms and local field potentials) can be analyzed to identify large-scale brain dynamics, and to highlight critical issues and limitations of interpretation in current work. We focus our discussion of analyses around the broad themes of activation, correlation, communication and coding. We provide recommendations for interpreting the data using forward and inverse models. The forward model describes how field potentials are generated by the activity of populations of neurons. The inverse model describes how to infer the activity of populations of neurons from field potential recordings. A recurring theme is the challenge of understanding how field potentials reflect neuronal population activity given the complexity of the underlying brain systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Pesaran
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY, USA. .,NYU Neuroscience Institute, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Martin Vinck
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gaute T Einevoll
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway.,Department of Physics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Anton Sirota
- Bernstein Center for Computational Neuroscience Munich, Munich Cluster of Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Pascal Fries
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck Society, Frankfurt, Germany.,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition, and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Markus Siegel
- Centre for Integrative Neuroscience & MEG Center, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Wilson Truccolo
- Department of Neuroscience and Institute for Brain Science, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.,Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Charles E Schroeder
- Translational Neuroscience Division, Center for Biomedical Imaging and Neuromodulation, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, USA.,Department of Neurosurgery, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ramesh Srinivasan
- Department of Cognitive Sciences, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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41
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Spatial eye-hand coordination during bimanual reaching is not systematically coded in either LIP or PRR. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2018; 115:E3817-E3826. [PMID: 29610356 PMCID: PMC5910835 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718267115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
When we reach for something, we also look at it. If we reach for two objects at once, one with each hand, we look first at one and then the other. It is not known which brain areas underlie this coordination. We studied two parietal areas known to be involved in eye and arm movements. Neither area was sensitive to the order in which the targets were looked at. This implies that coordinated saccades are driven by downstream areas and not by the parietal cortex as is commonly assumed. We often orient to where we are about to reach. Spatial and temporal correlations in eye and arm movements may depend on the posterior parietal cortex (PPC). Spatial representations of saccade and reach goals preferentially activate cells in the lateral intraparietal area (LIP) and the parietal reach region (PRR), respectively. With unimanual reaches, eye and arm movement patterns are highly stereotyped. This makes it difficult to study the neural circuits involved in coordination. Here, we employ bimanual reaching to two different targets. Animals naturally make a saccade first to one target and then the other, resulting in different patterns of limb–gaze coordination on different trials. Remarkably, neither LIP nor PRR cells code which target the eyes will move to first. These results suggest that the parietal cortex plays at best only a permissive role in some aspects of eye–hand coordination and makes the role of LIP in saccade generation unclear.
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42
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Yoo PE, Hagan MA, John SE, Opie NL, Ordidge RJ, O'Brien TJ, Oxley TJ, Moffat BA, Wong YT. Spatially dynamic recurrent information flow across long-range dorsal motor network encodes selective motor goals. Hum Brain Mapp 2018. [PMID: 29516636 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Performing voluntary movements involves many regions of the brain, but it is unknown how they work together to plan and execute specific movements. We recorded high-resolution ultra-high-field blood-oxygen-level-dependent signal during a cued ankle-dorsiflexion task. The spatiotemporal dynamics and the patterns of task-relevant information flow across the dorsal motor network were investigated. We show that task-relevant information appears and decays earlier in the higher order areas of the dorsal motor network then in the primary motor cortex. Furthermore, the results show that task-relevant information is encoded in general initially, and then selective goals are subsequently encoded in specifics subregions across the network. Importantly, the patterns of recurrent information flow across the network vary across different subregions depending on the goal. Recurrent information flow was observed across all higher order areas of the dorsal motor network in the subregions encoding for the current goal. In contrast, only the top-down information flow from the supplementary motor cortex to the frontoparietal regions, with weakened recurrent information flow between the frontoparietal regions and bottom-up information flow from the frontoparietal regions to the supplementary cortex were observed in the subregions encoding for the opposing goal. We conclude that selective motor goal encoding and execution rely on goal-dependent differences in subregional recurrent information flow patterns across the long-range dorsal motor network areas that exhibit graded functional specialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Yoo
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maureen A Hagan
- Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam E John
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas L Opie
- Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger J Ordidge
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas J Oxley
- Vascular Bionics Laboratory, Melbourne Brain Centre, Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,NeuroEngineering Laboratory, Department of Electrical &Electronic Engineering, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre at The Royal Melbourne Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bradford A Moffat
- Department of Medicine and Radiology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan T Wong
- Department of Electrical and Computer Systems Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Physiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Neuroscience Program, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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43
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Dittinger E, Valizadeh SA, Jäncke L, Besson M, Elmer S. Increased functional connectivity in the ventral and dorsal streams during retrieval of novel words in professional musicians. Hum Brain Mapp 2017; 39:722-734. [PMID: 29105247 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current models of speech and language processing postulate the involvement of two parallel processing streams (the dual stream model): a ventral stream involved in mapping sensory and phonological representations onto lexical and conceptual representations and a dorsal stream contributing to sound-to-motor mapping, articulation, and to how verbal information is encoded and manipulated in memory. Based on previous evidence showing that music training has an influence on language processing, cognitive functions, and word learning, we examined EEG-based intracranial functional connectivity in the ventral and dorsal streams while musicians and nonmusicians learned the meaning of novel words through picture-word associations. In accordance with the dual stream model, word learning was generally associated with increased beta functional connectivity in the ventral stream compared to the dorsal stream. In addition, in the linguistically most demanding "semantic task," musicians outperformed nonmusicians, and this behavioral advantage was accompanied by increased left-hemispheric theta connectivity in both streams. Moreover, theta coherence in the left dorsal pathway was positively correlated with the number of years of music training. These results provide evidence for a complex interplay within a network of brain regions involved in semantic processing and verbal memory functions, and suggest that intensive music training can modify its functional architecture leading to advantages in novel word learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dittinger
- CNRS & Aix-Marseille Univ, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC, UMR 7291), Marseille, France.,CNRS & Aix-Marseille Univ, Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL, UMR 7309), Aix-en-Provence, France.,Brain and Language Research Institute (BLRI), Aix-en-Provence, France
| | - Seyed Abolfazl Valizadeh
- Auditory Research Group Zurich (ARGZ), Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Sensory-Motor System Lab, Institute of Robotics and Intelligence Systems, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lutz Jäncke
- Auditory Research Group Zurich (ARGZ), Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,University Research Priority Program (URRP) "Dynamic of Healthy Aging", Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mireille Besson
- CNRS & Aix-Marseille Univ, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (LNC, UMR 7291), Marseille, France
| | - Stefan Elmer
- Auditory Research Group Zurich (ARGZ), Division Neuropsychology, Institute of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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44
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Marinovic W, Poh E, de Rugy A, Carroll TJ. Action history influences subsequent movement via two distinct processes. eLife 2017; 6:26713. [PMID: 29058670 PMCID: PMC5662285 DOI: 10.7554/elife.26713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The characteristics of goal-directed actions tend to resemble those of previously executed actions, but it is unclear whether such effects depend strictly on action history, or also reflect context-dependent processes related to predictive motor planning. Here we manipulated the time available to initiate movements after a target was specified, and studied the effects of predictable movement sequences, to systematically dissociate effects of the most recently executed movement from the movement required next. We found that directional biases due to recent movement history strongly depend upon movement preparation time, suggesting an important contribution from predictive planning. However predictive biases co-exist with an independent source of bias that depends only on recent movement history. The results indicate that past experience influences movement execution through a combination of temporally-stable processes that are strictly use-dependent, and dynamically-evolving and context-dependent processes that reflect prediction of future actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Welber Marinovic
- School of Psychology and Speech Pathology, Curtin University, Perth, Australia.,Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Eugene Poh
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Department of Psychology, Princeton University, Princeton, United States
| | - Aymar de Rugy
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Institut de Neurosciences Cognitives et Intégratives d'Aquitaine, CNRS UMR 5287, Université Bordeaux Segalen, Bordeaux, France
| | - Timothy J Carroll
- Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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45
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Orsborn AL, Pesaran B. Parsing learning in networks using brain-machine interfaces. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2017; 46:76-83. [PMID: 28843838 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2017.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) define new ways to interact with our environment and hold great promise for clinical therapies. Motor BMIs, for instance, re-route neural activity to control movements of a new effector and could restore movement to people with paralysis. Increasing experience shows that interfacing with the brain inevitably changes the brain. BMIs engage and depend on a wide array of innate learning mechanisms to produce meaningful behavior. BMIs precisely define the information streams into and out of the brain, but engage wide-spread learning. We take a network perspective and review existing observations of learning in motor BMIs to show that BMIs engage multiple learning mechanisms distributed across neural networks. Recent studies demonstrate the advantages of BMI for parsing this learning and its underlying neural mechanisms. BMIs therefore provide a powerful tool for studying the neural mechanisms of learning that highlights the critical role of learning in engineered neural therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Orsborn
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
| | - Bijan Pesaran
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
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46
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Beyond the Status Quo: A Role for Beta Oscillations in Endogenous Content (Re)Activation. eNeuro 2017; 4:eN-REV-0170-17. [PMID: 28785729 PMCID: PMC5539431 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0170-17.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the rhythms of the brain, oscillations in the beta frequency range (∼13-30 Hz) have been considered the most enigmatic. Traditionally associated with sensorimotor functions, beta oscillations have recently become more broadly implicated in top-down processing, long-range communication, and preservation of the current brain state. Here, we extend and refine these views based on accumulating new findings of content-specific beta-synchronization during endogenous information processing in working memory (WM) and decision making. We characterize such content-specific beta activity as short-lived, flexible network dynamics supporting the endogenous (re)activation of cortical representations. Specifically, we suggest that beta-mediated ensemble formation within and between cortical areas may awake, rather than merely preserve, an endogenous cognitive set in the service of current task demands. This proposal accommodates key aspects of content-specific beta modulations in monkeys and humans, integrates with timely computational models, and outlines a functional role for beta that fits its transient temporal characteristics.
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47
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Vazquez Y, Federici L, Pesaran B. Multiple spatial representations interact to increase reach accuracy when coordinating a saccade with a reach. J Neurophysiol 2017; 118:2328-2343. [PMID: 28768742 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00408.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Reaching is an essential behavior that allows primates to interact with the environment. Precise reaching to visual targets depends on our ability to localize and foveate the target. Despite this, how the saccade system contributes to improvements in reach accuracy remains poorly understood. To assess spatial contributions of eye movements to reach accuracy, we performed a series of behavioral psychophysics experiments in nonhuman primates (Macaca mulatta). We found that a coordinated saccade with a reach to a remembered target location increases reach accuracy without target foveation. The improvement in reach accuracy was similar to that obtained when the subject had visual information about the location of the current target in the visual periphery and executed the reach while maintaining central fixation. Moreover, we found that the increase in reach accuracy elicited by a coordinated movement involved a spatial coupling mechanism between the saccade and reach movements. We observed significant correlations between the saccade and reach errors for coordinated movements. In contrast, when the eye and arm movements were made to targets in different spatial locations, the magnitude of the error and the degree of correlation between the saccade and reach direction were determined by the spatial location of the eye and the hand targets. Hence, we propose that coordinated movements improve reach accuracy without target foveation due to spatial coupling between the reach and saccade systems. Spatial coupling could arise from a neural mechanism for coordinated visual behavior that involves interacting spatial representations.NEW & NOTEWORTHY How visual spatial representations guiding reach movements involve coordinated saccadic eye movements is unknown. Temporal coupling between the reach and saccade system during coordinated movements improves reach performance. However, the role of spatial coupling is unclear. Using behavioral psychophysics, we found that spatial coupling increases reach accuracy in addition to temporal coupling and visual acuity. These results suggest that a spatial mechanism to couple the reach and saccade systems increases the accuracy of coordinated movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuriria Vazquez
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York; and
| | - Laura Federici
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Bijan Pesaran
- Center for Neural Science, New York University, New York, New York; and
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48
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Temporal coding of reward-guided choice in the posterior parietal cortex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2016; 113:13492-13497. [PMID: 27821752 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1606479113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Making a decision involves computations across distributed cortical and subcortical networks. How such distributed processing is performed remains unclear. We test how the encoding of choice in a key decision-making node, the posterior parietal cortex (PPC), depends on the temporal structure of the surrounding population activity. We recorded spiking and local field potential (LFP) activity in the PPC while two rhesus macaques performed a decision-making task. We quantified the mutual information that neurons carried about an upcoming choice and its dependence on LFP activity. The spiking of PPC neurons was correlated with LFP phases at three distinct time scales in the theta, beta, and gamma frequency bands. Importantly, activity at these time scales encoded upcoming decisions differently. Choice information contained in neural firing varied with the phase of beta and gamma activity. For gamma activity, maximum choice information occurred at the same phase as the maximum spike count. However, for beta activity, choice information and spike count were greatest at different phases. In contrast, theta activity did not modulate the encoding properties of PPC units directly but was correlated with beta and gamma activity through cross-frequency coupling. We propose that the relative timing of local spiking and choice information reveals temporal reference frames for computations in either local or large-scale decision networks. Differences between the timing of task information and activity patterns may be a general signature of distributed processing across large-scale networks.
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49
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Where Are Perceptual Decisions Made in the Brain? Trends Neurosci 2016; 39:642-644. [PMID: 27623195 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 08/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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50
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Arbib MA. Primates, computation, and the path to language. Phys Life Rev 2016; 16:105-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plrev.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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